Chapter 6 Lecture Notes

Section 6.1 – Right Triangle Trigonometry

Objectives:

 Convert decimal angles to degrees, minutes, and seconds and vice-versa

 Find the 6 trigonometric functions of an acute angle of a right triangle
 Find the measure of special angles given the trigonometric ratio

Review of angles and definitions: angle, vertex, sides, degree, right angle, acute angle, minute, second:

Example 1:

a) Write 35° 15’ 27’’ in decimal form.

b) Write 112° 35’ 48’’ in decimal form.

c) Write 48.3625° in DMS form.

d) Write 85.655° in DMS form.

Parts of a right triangle:

The trigonometric ratios:

Example 2:

a) Find the 6 trig functions of a right triangle whose side lengths are 5, 12, and 13.

b) Find the 6 trig functions of a right triangle whose sides are 6, 8, and 10.

Example 3: Evaluate the 6 trig functions of the following angles by using a calculator.

a) 20°

b) 77°

Special Triangles

Example 4:

a) Evaluate the 6 trig functions of 30° without a calculator.

√3
b) csc 𝜃 = 2
find 𝜃.
Homework: Page 419 #1-32 all

Section 6.2 – Trigonometric Applications

Objectives:

 Find the missing side/angle of a right triangle

 Solve a right triangle
 Solve word problems involving right triangle trigonometry

Review of Triangle Sum Theorem and Pythagorean Theorem

Example 1:

(Problems of finding a missing side of a right triangle)

Example 2:

(Problem of finding a missing angle of a right triangle)

Copy chart on top of page 424 on how to solve a right triangle

Example 3:

(Problem where you solve a right triangle given a side and angle)

Example 4:

(Problem where you solve a right triangle give two sides)

Example 5: A straight road leads from an ocean beach at a constant upward angle of 3°. How high
above sea level is the road at a point 1 mile from the beach?

Example 6: According to the Ladder Safety Ministry, the distance from the bottom of the ladder to the
base of the wall on which it leans should be one-fourth of the length of the ladder. For a 10 meter
ladder, how high up the wall will it reach, and what angle does it make with the ground?

Example 7: A flagpole casts a 60-foot shadow when the angle of elevation of the sun is 35°. Find the
height of the flagpole.

Angle of Elevation/Depression
Example 8: A wire needs to reach from the top of a building to a point on the ground. The building is 10
m tall, and the angle of elevation is 22°. How long should the wire be?

Example 9: A person on the edge of a canal observes a lamp post on the other side with an angle of
elevation of 12° to the top of the lamp post and an angle of elevation of 7° to the bottom of the lamp
post from eye level. The person’s eye level is 152 cm.

a) Find the width of the canal.

b) Find the height of the lamp post.

Homework: Page 429 #7-35 every other odd, #37-57 every other odd

Section 6.3 – Angles and Radian Measure

Objectives:

 Convert radians to degrees and degrees to radians

 Given an angle measure, state angles that are coterminal with the given angle
 Solve word problems involving arc length, linear speed, and angular speed

Initial side, terminal side, and standard position of an angle:

Coterminal angles –

Example 1: Find 3 angles that are coterminal with an angle of 60° in standard position.
Radian Measures

Example 3: Convert the following radian measurements to degrees

𝜋
a)
5

b) 6π

c) 2.35

Example 4: Convert the following degree measurements to radians

a) 75°

b) 220°

c) 400°

Arc Length

Example 5: The second hand on a clock is 6 inches long. How far does the tip of the second hand move
in 15 seconds?
Example 6: Find the central angle measure in degrees and radians of an arc of length 5 cm on a circle
with a radius of 3 cm.

Linear and Angular Speed

Example 7: A merry-go-round makes 8 revolutions per minute.

a) What is the angular speed of the merry-go-round in radians per minute?

b) How fast is a horse 12 feet from the center traveling in mi/hr?

c) How fast is a horse 4 feet from the center traveling in mi/hr?

Homework: Page 441 #11-45 odd, 53, 65, 79, 81, 83

Section 6.4 – Trigonometric Functions

Objectives:

 Find the trigonometric ratios of an angle given a coordinate point the terminal side passes
through
 Find exact values of trigonometric functions by sketching and using reference angles
 Find exact values of trigonometric functions by using reference angles

Trigonometric ratios in the coordinate plane

Example 1: Find the sine, cosine, and tangent of the angle θ, whose terminal side

a) passes through the point (-3, -2)

b) is in Quadrant I, and lies on the line 2y – 4x = 0

Definition of a reference angle –

Procedure for finding trigonometric function values –

Example 2: Use reference angles and sketches to find the exact value of sin t, cos t, and tan t.
3𝜋
a) t = 4

4𝜋
b) t = 3

11𝜋
c) t =
6
Unit Circle:

Trigonometric Ratios of Coterminal Angles:

Procedure for finding trigonometric functions on the unit circle:

Example 3: Use the unit circle to find the exact values of sin t, cos t, and tan t

11𝜋
a) t = 6

17𝜋
b) t = 3

9𝜋
c) t = 2
Homework: Page 452 #1-6 all, 30-47(odd) all (use reference angles for odd, unit circle for evens), 54-59
all

Section 6.5 – Basic Trigonometric Identities

Objectives:

 Use trigonometric identities to simplify an expression

 Given the value of one trigonometric function, find the remaining five using trigonometric
identities

A note about squaring trigonometric functions

Quotient identity

Reciprocal identities

Pythagorean identities

Periodic identities

Negative Angle identities

Example 1: Use the quotient and reciprocal identities to simplify the given expression

a) tan t cot t

b) cot t sec t
Example 2: Use the Pythagorean identities to simplify the given expression.

a) 1 – sec2t

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡

b)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡

𝜋
Example 3: The value of one trigonometric function is given for 0 < t < 2 . Use quotient, reciprocal, and

Pythagorean identities to find the values of the remaining five trigonometric functions. Round your

answer to four decimal places.

a) cos t = 0.4167

b) sec t = 2.5846

c) cot t = 1.8479

Example 4: Use basic identities and algebra to simplify the expression. Assume all denominators are
nonzero.

a) (sin t – cos t)2

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡+1
b)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡−1

1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑡
c) + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑡

Example 5: Use negative angle identities to determine whether the function is even, odd, or neither.
a) f(t) = sint

b) f(t) = t sint

Example 6: Use the Pythagorean identities to find sin t for the given value of cos t. Make sure the sign is
correct for the given quadrant.
3 𝜋
a) cos 𝑡 = − <𝑡<𝜋
√10 2

2 3𝜋
b) cos 𝑡 = 2
< 𝑡 < 2𝜋
√5

Homework: Page 460 #1-35 odd