Lesson 1

Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson 8
Lesson 9
Lesson 1 0
Lesson 1 1
Lesson 1 2
Lesson 1 3
Lesson 1 4
Lesson 1 5
Lesson 1 6
Lesson 1 7
Lesson 1 8
foundation of linguistic communication. The only way that we can make the learning process easier and smoother is by
emphasizing the principle of moving from the simple to the complex and from the easy to the difficult, progressing gradually
as we constantly review what has come before. Finally, language teaching-materials must help students understand the
culture and society of the target language so that they can use the target language more effectively. The above are the basic
concepts that guided us while writing New Practical Chinese Reader.

Features of New Practical Chinese Reader

1 . Neiv Practical Chinese Reader does not follow the linear structure adopted by earlier Chinese teaching materials, instead
adopting a cyclical arrangement with constant review of language structure and function together with important cultural
information. The teaching of language structure passes through four cycles in the six volumes. In the first six lessons of
Volume One, the focus of which is learning pronunciation, students are exposed to various basic sentence patterns by
engaging in simple dialogues, although grammar is not discussed systematically at this stage. The second cycle is found
in the twenty lessons that comprise Volume Two and the last eight lessons of Volume One. In this cycle, students learn
and practice fundamental sentence patterns. As a result, by the end of the first year of study, they should have an
elementaiy command of basic Chinese language structure. Volumes Three and Four contain the twenty-four lessons of
the third cycle, which further consolidate, expand and deepen students' understanding of lexical items and sentence
patterns. The fourth cycle is found in the twenty lessons of the last two volumes . Besides introducing more vocabulary
items and grammatical points, these lessons concentrate on the teaching of complex sentences and paragraphs not
emphasized in earlier Chinese teaching materials. These four large cycles contain smaller ones that interact closely with
the unit reviews, not only increasing the students' command of linguistic structures and functions, but also (and more
importantly) giving them a sense of accomplishment in communicative abilities at each stage of the learning process.
2. Neiv Practical Chinese Reader breaks with the emphasis on structure at the expense of function characteristic of earlier
teaching materials. Even in its introduction to phonetics, this new series gives prominence to function, training the
students in the most needed functional items, such as greetings and introductions, at the same time as it teaches the
phonetics. The first four volumes focus on the teaching of basic functions and topics of conversation, training the
students' abilities to use language structures for communication. The last two volumes cultivate students' ability to
comprehend and communicate at a higher level, especially in paragraphs. Functional items are included throughout all
six volumes in order to constantly improve the learner's listening, speaking, reading and writing. Some pictures and
culturally authentic materials such as selections from timetables, menus, advertisements, announcements, newspapers
and classical literary pieces are also used.
3. Unlike the vast majority of earlier textbooks, New Practical Chinese Reader emphasizes the systematic study of
characters. In view of the difficulties encountered by students lacking a background in Chinese characters, the first two
volumes stress the fundamental rules of learning the Chinese script, studying easy forms such as basic strokes, character
 components and single-component characters first before moving on to difficult ones. The first six lessons of Volume
One divorce the study of characters from the conversation text. The teaching of characters starts with the introduction of
sixty common, easily learnt characters frequently used as components of other characters, along with some character
components. The goal of this approach is to allow students to learn multi-component characters by first mastering their
VI

components.
4. Transcending the limits of campus life, New Practical Chinese Reader distinguishes itself even at the beginning stage
from most previous Chinese textbooks by including a broader range of interesting materials. The first four volumes
develop a series of attractive stories, narrating the lives of the three international students mentioned above, including
their friendships, love stories and teacher-student relationships with the Chinese students Song Hua, Wang Xiaoyun, the
journalist Lu Yuping, the tour guide Xiao Yanzi, as well as several Chinese language teachers. Volumes One and Two
interweave campus life with everyday experiences, introducing cultural norms and customs closely associated with
speaking and comprehension . The third and fourth volumes concentrate on topics of interest to students, illustrating
cultural differences between China and the West. The last two volumes introduce various aspects of Chinese society ,
highlighting traditional and contemporary cultural life.
5. New Practical Chinese Reader abandons the mechanical, monotonous and inflexible formulae of earlier teaching
materials and can be adapted to the needs of students beginning at different levels. It increases the amount of vocabulary
and exercises, while adopting a module structure that balances the relationship between core material and supplementary
contents. By guaranteeing the teaching of core material, it can increase the amount of supplementary contents so that
students can learn according to their individual needs, and teachers can use the textbook to suit the differing levels of
their students. .

The Layout of Volumes One to Four of New Practical Chinese Reader

■ Textbook

Text This section supplies the topics and scenes of each lesson. For the most part, Volumes One and Two use dialogue form
(with two paragraphs in each lesson) , facilitating audio-lingual practice and providing an overall grounding in the reading
and writing of elementary Chinese. The pronunciation section in lessons one to six emphasizes the pinyin text, while lessons
seven to fourteen focus on Chinese characters, which, however, have pinyin written beneath them. In the second volume,
pinyin disappears, and there are only tone marks. From the third volume onward, tone marks are no longer used. In this way,
learners gradually free themselves from pinyin.

New Words This part of each lesson analyzes the morphemes (characters) that form new words with the aim of improving
learners' comprehension and memory. At the same time, students can master the use of new words by practicing them in
phrases. Supplementary words can be learned according to the learners' individual abilities.

Notes For the most part, notes contain explanations of new words, develop grammatical points taught previously , or
introduce necessary cultural background. English translations are provided to help students comprehend sentences
containing grammar that will be dealt with in later lessons.

Conversation Practice (included in Lessons 1 - 6), Drills and Practice (included in Lessons 7 - 14) We hope students
will thoroughly master the key sentences illustrating the fundamental linguistic structures and functions introduced in the
text. By practicing phrases, doing pattern drills, and taking part in di-
1

alogues and communicative exercises, students can move successfully from mechanical exercises to proficient interaction.
Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing Exercises of this kind ensure the review of some of the sentence patterns and
lexical items already taught, thereby developing the students' discourse abilities in both oral and written forms. From the
second volume on, the contents of reading texts are expanded so as to strengthen the students' reading comprehension.

Phonetics and Pronunciation Drills (included in Lessons 1-6) In view of the peculiarities of Chinese pronunciation and the
special difficulties it presents to foreign learners with English as their mother tongue, the text focuses on the principle
features of the Chinese pronunciation system, phonetics and spelling rules. Students can gradually achieve a good
foundation in pronunciation by doing the exercises for spelling, the four tones, sound discriminations, tone discriminations,
tone sandhi, tone combinations, practice on disyllabic and polysyllabic words, and reading classroom expressions.

Grammar The grammar explanations take into account the special features of the Chinese language and the difficulties
encountered by native speakers of English in learning them. They do not attempt to treat Chinese grammar comprehensively
but articulate the most important grammatical structures and rules for sentence formation. Each volume has two review
lessons that help learners review the grammatical points taught earlier.

Characters The text first introduces character components, later combining them to form characters. Rules for constructing
and writing characters are also given to facilitate the learning of Chinese wilting.

Cultural Notes At first, cultural notes in the English language are provided so that students can gain insight into cultural
information related to their language studies. As learners' Chinese proficiency improves, cultural notes are incorporated
more and more into the Chinese texts.

■ Workbook
The workbook is designed for students to use outside class. In addition to exercises for studying characters, phonetics,
sentence patterns and words, it also includes general exercises for speaking, aural comprehension , reading, and writing.

■ Instructor's Manual
The Instructor's Manual makes suggestions regarding the goals and methods of teaching and supplies explanations of each
lesson' s contents. It also supplies the instructors with more knowledge about phonetics, grammar and vocabulary. Unit tests
and keys to the tests and exercises are provided.

Acknowledgements

Sponsored by the National Office for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (abbreviated NOTCFL below) , this set of
teaching materials is one part of a key research project undertaken by the Beijing Language Ml
and Culture University. Ms. Yan Meihua, the director-general of the NOTCFL, Professor Jiang Mingbao and Ms. Li Guiling
from the NOTCFL were responsible for planning and organizing this project. The president of the Beijing Language and
Culture University, Professor Qu Delin, and the chairman of the Council for University Affairs, Researcher Wang Lujiang,
guaranteed the smooth implementation of this project undertaken by our university. In order to obtain an understanding of
Chinese teaching overseas, we made a study trip to six Canadian universities with Chinese language programs before
compiling this set of materials. We are especially grateful to Ms. Xu Lin, Educational Consul of the Chinese Consulate
General in Vancouver, whose work helped us establish our partnership with the Asian Studies Department of the University
of British Columbia. Our thanks are also due to Mi -. Song Yongbo from the Teaching Bureau of the NOTCFL, for the
assistance he offered during the whole project.
We are very grateful to McGill University, the University of Montreal, the University of Toronto, the University of
British Columbia, Simon Fraser University and the University of Victoria for die great hospitality they offered us during our
study trip as well as the valuable suggestions provided by our colleagues from these institutions. Chinese language
instructors from Queens University, Huron College of the University of Western Ontario, York University, Langara College,
Douglas College, and Comosen College also participated endiusiastically in our forum on Chinese textbooks. It is our
pleasant duty to give special thanks to Dr. Robert Shanmu Chen, Chinese Coordinator of die Asian Studies Department of
U.B.C. , Mi-. Zheng Zhin-ing from the same department, Dr. Helen Wu of the University of Toronto, and Mr. Wang
Renzhong of McGill University, who agreed to be on the Canadian Consulting Group for our teaching materials.
Dr. Robert S. Chen and Mr. Zheng Zhining were in charge of the Canadian side of this joint project, which would
never have succeeded without their continuous organization and coordination. They are also responsible for the final
proofreading of both the Chinese and English texts of all six volumes. Dr. Robert S. Chen, Dr. Cheng Maorong, Dr. He
Donghui, Dr. Li Tianming, Mr. Zheng Zhining and Ms. Xia Wei, all of U. B. C. , spent much time and effort translating the
original Chinese text into English. Dr. Cheng Maorong, Dr. He Donghui, Dr. Li Tianming, Dr. Mou Huaichuan, Ms. Lin
Huimin, Ms. Lit Mingzhu, Ms. Xia Wei, Ms. Yang Liqiong and Mr. Zheng Zhining participated in the proofreading of the
Chinese text. Mr. Allen Haaheim and Mr. Paul Crowe of U. B. C. . edited and proofread the first version of the English
translations, while Professor Jerry D. Schmidt proofread the final version of all the English translations. Dr. Cheng
Maorong, Dr. He Donghui, Ms. Lin Huimin, Ms. Xia Wei, Ms. Yang Liqiong and Mr. Zheng Zhining did trial teaching of
sample lessons from the six volumes at the Asian Studies Department of U.B.C. . We are veiy grateful to all these people for
their professional work.
Special thanks are also due to the director and general editor of the Beijing Language and Culture University Press,
Professor Wang Jianqin, editors Wang Hongyu and Wang Biao, and painter Yang Keqian who did much hard work to
facilitate the publication of our textbooks.
The chief compiler of this textbook series is Prof. Liu Xun. The other compilers include Associate Prof. Zhang Kai,
Associate Prof. Liu Shehui, Associate Prof. Chen Xi, Ms. Zuo Shandan, and Ms. Shi Jiawei. Shi Jiawei and Liu Xun were in
charge of writing Volumes One and Two. Volumes Three and Four were largely mitten by Liu Shehui and Chen Xi, and
Volumes Five and Six mainly by Zhang Kai and Zuo Shandan.
We sincerely request teachers and students using our materials to offer their valuable criticisms and suggestions to
enable us to improve these textbooks in the future.
Welcome to New Practical Chinese Reader!

This textbook features several imaginary characters to make your

Chinese learning experience more enjoyable: international students Ding
Libo, Lin Na, and Ma Dawei; Chinese teachers Mr. Yang, Ms. Chen, and
Professor Zhang; Chinese students Song Hua, and Wang Xiaoyun; and
Chinese reporter Lu Yuping. They, together with the help of your instructor,
will act as tour guides for your adventure, guiding you and your classmates
into the fascinating world of Chinese, the language with the largest number of
speakers in the world today. Now let's get to know our companions for this
journey:
 A m it
Introduction to Main Characters in the Text

Lin Nd
A British student,
aged 19, female.

I i I
~TJ ]tk . Ding 3J 3 L % Ma Ddwei
Libo
An American student,
A Canadian student, aged
aged 22, male.
21, male. Gubo is his
father; Ding Yun is his
mother.

Song Hud aged 20, male. A Chinese student,

A Chinese student, i'h^r Wdng Xidoyun
aged 20, female.
I &r^-f- Lu Yuping
A Chinese reporter, aged
26, male.

fifcj&JJip Chen IdoshT

A Chinese teacher, aged 30, f f i j ^t^ Ydng Idoshi
female.
A Chinese teacher,
Zhang jidoshdu
aged 32, male.
A Chinese professor, aged
48, male.

This lesson begins by introducing some sounds unique to the

Chinese language, including tones. The Chinese writing system
dates back more than four thousand years, and it is especially
intriguing to see how Chinese characters developed since their
basically pictographic origins in ancient China. By the end of the
lesson, you will know eleven Chinese characters and be able to
express some everyday greetings in Chinese.

-7-
—$ Lesson 1 |\|y hao

-8-
 New Words

1. n! Pr 4fc you

2. haO A jtf good; well; fine; O.K.

3. Lu Yuping PN f&^j-f- (name of a Chinese reporter)

4. LI bO PN ^7 >JC (name of a Canadian student)

1
LibO: Lin Nd, nT hdo ma?

Lin Nd: W6 hen hao, nT ne?

# ^: 4 ft. *f, #
LibO: Ye hen hao.®
 £jl-j=| Morels
1. Ma QPt (interrogative particle for question expecting
yes-no answer)
2. Wo Pr I; me
3. Hen Adv vary
4. Ne MdPt (a modal particle used for elliptical questions)
5. Ye Adv too; also
6. Lin Nd PN (name of a British student)

~ . jiff Notes
(T) NT hao.
"Hello!", "How do you do?"
This is the most common form of greeting in Chinese. It can be used at any time of
day when meeting people for the first time or for people you already know. The response to
this greeting form is also "NT hao").

(D NT hao ma?
"How are you?"
This is also a form of greeting, often used after you have not seen someone for some time, and the response is
usually "fic'fS^f"("W6 hen hcio") or other similar formulae.

(3) NT ne?
"And (how are) you?"

(4) Ye hen hao.

"(I am) fine (literally, very good), too."
This is an elliptical sentence, with the subject "$)<;"(too) omitted. In spoken Chinese, when the context is explicit
and there is no ambiguity, the subject is often omitted. One may also say ":f!£P"("Hen hao o") to answer the question
"jftftp^? "("NT hao ma? ").

— • iaE =riS-3 Pronunciation Drills

^# Initials: b p m n I h
Finals: a 0 e i U U
ao en ie in ing uo

[ 1 ] Students are required to master the characters of the purple new words in this lesson.
1. Spelling
bd bo bl bO bin bing
pa po pi pO pin ping
ma mo mT mO
ne nao nie
le lao lie luo
he hao huo
mp The four tones
a a d d
nT ni ni ni
hao hdo if hdo hdo nT hdo
IT
IT
II II II bd Libo

- 10 -
bo bo bo
ITn lin ITn lin
nd nd nd nd Lin Nd
10 lu lu lu
yu yu yu yu
ping ping Lu Yuping
WO wo wd
hen hen hen wo hen hdo
ye ye ye ye ye hen hdo

3. Sound discrimination
ba ------- pa nu --- nu wu -------- hu
(eight) (female) (five)
(tiger)
bTng ------ bin pie --- bie hud -------- wd
(ice) (left-falling strokes) (fire) (I)

4. ffliffi Tone discrimination

md ------- md mu ---- mu yT ------ yi
(horse) (mom) (wood) (one)
ye -------- ye li IT men -------- men
(also) (night) (strength) (in) (door)
5. Third-tone sandhi
nT hcio hen hao ye hao ye hen hao

6. !9^T^!l^^ffi® Read the following classroom expressions aloud

NT
hao.
NT
men
hao.

£9- zsSiiK?) Conversation

Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1. NT hao.
2. NT hao ma?
3. Wo hen hao, nT ne?
4. Ye hen hao.

( - ) [*T*BH¥ Saying hello]

1. 7 v ) M i ~ f ^ \ ^ f ^ Complete the following dialogue
l

Lin Nd: Libo, nT hdo!

LlbO; __________________________ .

2. fs'.*j ^ is ; i' Make a dialogue based on the pie I

ure

- 11 -
( — ) [l°H^ Greetings]
1- TCJjRT ^'J'lViS Complete lho following dialogue
Ma Li; NT hao ma?

LuYi: _________________, ______________ ?

Ma Li: Wo ye hen hdo.

2. fjj Situational dialogue

You run into a Chinese friend whom you haven't seen for a long time. What will you say to him/her?

( H ) B/fi^ Listen and repeat

4W*-3>? &W,4f^?

aB Phonetics

1. jSf##l!0£J: Initials and final.,

A syllable in the common speech of modem Chinese usually consists of an initial, which is a consonant that begins
the syllable, and a final, which constitutes the rest of the syllable. For example, in the syllable "ping", "p" is the initial and
"incj" is the final. A syllable can stand without an initial, such as "ye", but all syllables must have a final. In the common
speech of modern Chinese, there are altogether 21 initials and 38 finals.

2. ^#^€1 Pronunciation key

Initials: m, n, I, h are pronounced similarly to their counterparts in the English language, b like "p" in "speak"
(unaspirated, voiceless) p like "p" in "park" (aspirated, voiceless)
Note; Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and unaspirated consonants: b-p.
Finals; G like "e" in "her" ie like "ye" in "ves"
-rig (final) a nasalised sound like the "ng" in "bang" without pronouncing the "g" Note; The
pronunciation of the "g" in a compound final is different from that of the simple final "e".

- 12 -
3. p f f l Tones
Chinese is a tonal language in which the tones convey differences in meaning.

A(ba) $(bd) $E(bd) £(bd)

In common speech there are four basic tones, represented respectively by the following tone marks:

for the first tone, * " for the second tone, ^ " for the third tone, and V " for the fourth tone. When a syllable contains
only a single vowel, the tone mark is placed directly above the vowel letter as in " lu " and "hen". The dot over the
vowel "i" should be dropped if the tone mark is placed above it, as in "nT", "nin" and "ping". When the final of the
syllable is composed of two or more vowels, the tone mark should be placed above the vowel pronounced with the
mouth widest open (e.g. hao).
The openness of the mouth for the vowels, from widest to smallest is as follows:

0 O e i u u

4. zE^^OT Third-tone sandhi

A third tone, when immediately followed by another third tone, should be pronounced in the second tone, but with

the tone mark "v" remaining unchanged. For example:

nT hdo —► ni hdo W6 hen hdo. —> W6 hen hdo.
hen hdo —► hen hdo Ye hen hdo. —► Ye hen hdo.

5. W ^ M W l Spelling rules
At the beginning of a syllable, "i" is written as "y" (e.g. ie > ye). "i" is written as "yi" when it forms a syllable all
>
by itself (e.g. T yT).
At the beginning of a syllable, "u " is written as "w" (e.g. UO ► w6). "u " is written as " wu " when it forms a
syllable all by itself (e.g. U ► v v u).
When "ll" is at the beginning of a syllable or forms a syllable by itself, a "y" is added to it and the two dots over it
are omitted (e.g. U —> yu).

Grammar

tStl^ilrtliflJ^ Word order in Chinese sentences

The main characteristic of Chinese grammar is that it lacks of morphological changes in person, tense, gender,
number, and case in the strict sense. The word order, however, is very important to convey different grammatical
meanings. The subject of a sentence is usually placed before the predicate. For example:

Subject Predicate
Mo
NT hao.
fa Mo
Wd hen hdo.

- 13 -
 -til fa Mo
LI bo ye hen hdo.

t- S1?- Chinese Characters

Chinese characters originated from pictures. The history of their formation is very long, dating back to remote
antiquity. Present-day Chinese characters, which evolved from ancient Chinese characters, are square-shaped. Here are
some examples illustrating their long evolution :

Picture Oracle Bone Small Seal Official Complex Simplified

Inscription Character Script Character in Character in

*
Regular Script Regular Script

9
1. tSt^S^^fillll Basic strokes of Chinese characters
Chinese characters are written by combining various kinds of "strokes". These strokes can be divided into
"basic" strokes and "combined" strokes.

Basic strokes of Chinese characters

stroke Name Example Way to Write
-\ dian The dot is written from top to bottom-right, as in the first stroke
of "H"-
— —► heng The horizontal stroke is written from left to right.
shu
11 The vertical stroke is written from top downward to bottom, as in the
second stroke of " 7f c " .
pie The downward-left stroke is written from top to
J / ft
bottom-left, as in the second stroke of "^j".
v \ nd A* The downward-right stroke is written from top to
bottom-right, as in the second stroke of "/V".

- /* tf
The upward stroke is written from bottom-left to
top-right, as in the fourth stroke of

2. i^^lr^jl^MJt^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(1) — —

one 1 stroke

(2) /V

bo eight 2 strokes X
II strength 2 strokes

- 14 -
 (4) n (M) in
men door 3 strokes
IP

(5) -tt si
ye too; also 3 strokes

15
 fe
n
(6)
md horse 3 strokes
Note; "£}" is written as "-') " on the left side of a character.

nu female 3 strokes
i
Note: is written as "'' " on the left side of a character.

(8) 3L
WU five 4 strokes

.vfc
(9) ft^ f ft ft- X
mu wood 4 strokes
Note; "yjv" is written as ">j- " on the left side of a character.

(10) ^ * f&
hu6 fire 4 strokes
Note; " "X" is written as "<•-" at the bottom of a character.

3. "JA.^ii$3t,T1lHf?3t^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts

Cultural Notes

The Chinese Language {Hanyu) and "Common Speech" (Putonghua)

Scholars think Chinese writing originated almost four thousand years ago and that the spoken language goes back
to remote antiquity, making it one of the world's oldest languages. In spite of its great age, Chinese is now one of the most
widely used living languages. The language is spoken in many dialects within China, as well as in many overseas Chinese
communities, especially in Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas. And there are more than a billion native speakers
of Chinese worldwide. It is one of the languages the United Nations
uses when conducting official business. - 12-

- 16 -
 Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Hanyu, literally "language of the Han", refers to the standard
Chinese language, and is spoken by the Han, H u i , Manchu, and other ethnic groups that constitute 94% of the
population of China. There are fifty-six recognized ethnic groups in China, using as many as eighty different languages.
Chinese includes variants from seven main dialect groups. The northern or Mandarin dialect covers three fourths of
China's territory and includes two thirds of its population. Standard Chinese is also known by its official designation,
Putonghua, literally "common speech". Putonghua is based on the northern dialect,using the dialect of Beijing as the
basis for its pronunciation and modern vernacular literature for its grammatical structure. This is the Chinese that is
taught in this textbook.
 Have you ever wanted to say hello in Chinese
to your friends? By the end of this lesson, you will
be able to greet others and express your needs.

iJR Lesson 2 Ni m dn g
ma
ifc -It
Text

Lin Nci: Lu Yuping, nT hdo m a ? Wo

Lu Yuping: hen hdo. NT bdba, mama hdo m a ? ®

Lin N d : Tamen dou hen hdo. ® NT mdng m a ?

feft $ £ #0 # -It >%?

Lu Yuping:
Wo bu mdng. NT nan pengyou ne? Ta hen mdng.
Lin Nd: fa & ft
If.

- 18 -
 ZTI !N|tMV Words

A
l. mdng *2. ma busy
QPt
(a particle used for questions expecting a yes-no answer)cn
3. bdba dad
N
4. mama mom
N
5. tditien ta they; them he; him
Pr
men (used after pronouns ? 'f^ , "fill or certain
Pr
nouns to denote plural)
6. ddu Adv
Suf
both; all
7. bu Adv
not; no
8. nan A
male
9. pengyou N
friend
* io. ne
(a modal particle used for elliptical questions)
Md
Pt

[Ni/ff-^] Asking

Ding LibO: Gege, nT ydo kafei ma? ®

what someone wants .5

Gege: Wd ydo kafei.

Didi: Wd ye ydo kafei. ®

A 4 # #4c DTng
Libo: Hdo, women ddu he kafei,

£L|j=j New Words

[1] Words marked by an asterisk have appeared in previous lessons.

1. gege N elder brother
2. ydo V to want
3. kdfei N coffee
4. didi N younger brother
5. women Pr we; us
6. he V to drink
7. DTng PN T (a surname)

m Notes
0 NT bdba, mama hdo ma?
"How are your mom and dad?
nT bdba -------- your dad, nT mama ------------- your mom,

-19-
 n! ndn p e n g y O U --------- your boyfriend.

(2) Tamen dou hen hdo,

"They are both fine (literally, very good)."

C~D NT ydo kdfei ma?

"Do you want coffee?
"^^■••n^? "("NT ydo ••• ma? ") is a sentence pattern commonly used when asking what others want,
whereas "^Jl"-"("Wd y d o •••") is used to express what "I want".

(4) W6 ye ydo kdfei.

"I want coffee, too."

d) Women dou he kdfei.

"We all drink coffee."

— . iaEEfSh?) Pronunciation Drills

Initials: d t g k f
Finals: ei ou an ang eng iao iou(-iu)

1.
Spelling
de dou dan dang
te tou tan tang
ge gou gdn gang
ke kou kdn kdng
bei ban beng bido
pei pan peng piao
fei fan feng diu
hei nan heng niG

2. \FQP The four tones

ta td td
men men men tdmen
wd wd wd women
nT ni nT ni nlmen
nan nan nan nan
peng peng peng peng
you you you ydu nan pengyou
bO bu bu bu
mdng mdng bu mdng
ge ge ge ge gege
dT di dl di didi
he he he
kd kd

-20-
 fei fei fei fei he kafei

3- l^ilr Sound discrimination

dd ------- td ke -------- ge kdu ------- gdu
(big) (may) (mouth) (dog)

ddu ------- dud gen --------- geng dTng -------- ting

(all) (many) (to follow) (nail) (to listen)

4. Wtffl Tone discrimination

ddo -------- ddo tu --------- tu ydu ------- ydu
(knife) (soil) (again) (to have)

ni -------- nT liu -------- liu kdn ------- kdn

(Buddhist nun) (six) (to see)
5. Neutral tone
tdmen
bbba mama
NT nan pengyou ne?
rumen hao ma? women
NT ne?
gege didi

6. yJStW^T^^I Practice on disyllabic words

yTnlidO (drinks) yeye (grandpa)
keld (coke) mdimei (younger sister)
hdnbdO (hamburger) fdyln (pronunciation)
pinggUO (apple) heibdn (blackboard)

7. l3^IT^!J^^ffii§ Read the following classroom expressions aloud

TTng WO fdyTn. (Listen to my pronunciation.)

Kdn heibdn. (Look at the blackboard.)

E3- ^iSIf >) Conversation Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1. Tdmen ddu hen hdo.
2. NT mdng ma?
3. Wd bu mdng.
4. NT ydo kafei ma?
5. Wd ydo kafei.
6. Women ddu he kafei.

( - ) [ m m X Greetings]

- 21 -
 h ^' J ^i i 'i" Complete the following dialogues
( 1 ) A ; Dd Lin, nT mdng m a ?

B: _______________ . NT ne?

A: ___________________ .

( 2 ) A : NT bdba mama hdo ma?

B: _____________________ . NT gege ne?

A : ______________________ .

-22-
 (3) A: didi hdo m a ?

B NT ne?

(~) Asking what someone wants]

1. 'jcfR K ^ ' J ^ i S Complete the following dialogues
( 1 ) A : Nin ydo kdfei ma?

B : Wd ydo kdfei. A :

NT ne? C

( 2 ) A ; NT ydo

A : NT ne? C

(2) A

B;

{ — ) Rffi£ Listen and repeat

- 23 -
 Phonetics

1. Neutral tone
In the common speech of modem Chinese, there are a number of syllables which are unstressed and are
pronounced in a "weak" tone. This is known as the neutral tone and is indicated by the absence of a tone mark. For
example:
"5, ma % ne ^f] men

2. $^5?$$ Pronunciation key

Initials: f is pronounced similarly to its counterpart in the English language d like "t" in
"stay" (unaspirated) t like "t" in "tag" (aspirated) g a soft unaspirated "k" sound k
like "k" in "Langaroo" (aspirated)
Note: Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and unaspirated consonants: d-t, g-k,
Finals; ei like "ay" in "play" (light) OU like "o" in "so"
CHI like "an" in "can" (without stressing the "n")

3. W W M M Spelling rules
The compound final "iou" is written as "-ill" when it comes after an initial and the tone mark is placed on "u".
For example: liu (six).

J V la/A i Grammar

Sentences with an adjectival predicate

Subject Predicate
%
NT hdo.

Co
Td hen mdng.

Co
Wd bu mdng.
\m 3?o
Tdmen dou hen hdo.
Adjectives in Chinese can function directly as predicates. This kind of sentence is
called a sentence with an adjectival predicate. Adjectives in this kind of sentence can be
modified by adverbs such as , "til", and The negative form of sentences with an
adjectival predicate is generated by placing the negative adverb "/Tn" before the adjective that functions as the predicate. For
example; "^c^vfC".
Note; Adverbs such as "^H", "til", and must be placed before the adjective they
modify.

2. f t ^ f f i ^ H * } "Yes-no" question with

A declarative sentence can be changed into a "yes-no" question by adding the question particle "fl3|" at the end of it.

Statement Question

NT hao. NT hao ma?

Td bdba mama dou hdo. Ta bdba mama dou hao ma?

24 -
Td mdng. Td mdng ma?

NT ydo kdfei. NT ydo kdfei ma?

t. JR* Chinese Characters

1. -RSf^^St^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(oT -"T
ding nail 2 strokes

(2) 77 171
ddo knife 2 strokes
Note: " 77 " is written as " 'J " on the right side of a character.

ydu again 2 strokes

Note: "3L" was originally a pictograph of "the right hand".

(4) ^ 1,
dd bit
3 strokes

(5) a i n n
k6u mouth
3 strokes tf
(6) A
tu
-+A
earth 3 strokes
1
Note; "A" is written as " l " on the left side of a character.

^ ^ ^

(7)
liu SIX 4 strokes

(8) L-

bu no, not 4 strokes

(9) ft J P J&
ni Buddhist nun 5 strokes

do) ~*y , Tt ^

kG can, may 5 strokes

2. i^^lSUt^iHjtX.5? Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
(l) *3, ma (i-l)

*2j —> a + -2,

("p" denotes the meaning of speaking, "-Sj" denotes the pronunciation)

-25-
(2) % ne

("o" denotes the meaning of speaking, "/L" denotes the pronunciation)

(3) mama (i^)

^ —► i + Sq
("■k " denotes the meaning of woman, " S j " denotes the pronunciation)

(4) gege
Cultural Notes

Chinese Characters and Simplified Script

The Chinese script is the only logographic writing system still in daily use in the world today. Unlike the alphabetic
systems used by most languages, Chinese script is made up of characters, the majority of which are "pictophonetic". Most
consist of one component indicating the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component,
the signific or radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs.
Chinese characters represent monosyllables, and generally each character represents a single morpheme. The total
number of Chinese characters is estimated at over fifty thousand, of which only five to eight thousand are frequently used,
while three thousand are normally adequate for everyday situations.
A considerable number of Chinese characters are composed of numerous strokes and are therefore complicated to
write. With a view to facilitating writing, modern scholars have made continuous attempts to simplify the writing system.
The object of these language reforms has been twofold: to reduce the number of characters by eliminating complex
variants, and to reduce the number of strokes in certain characters. What are known as "simplified characters" refer to
graphs that have been thus altered; traditional characters, on the other hand, are those that retain their earlier forms.
The use of simplified characters is now official policy in the People's Republic of China, while traditional
characters are restricted mainly to academic use or aesthetic purposes. Simplified characters have the advantages of being
easier to learn, memorize, read and write. Here are two examples:

mother (si mplified) mother (traditional) Pi

f"I door door (traditional)
(simplified)

Simplified characters are used in this textbook, but traditional characters are also supplied for the convenience of the
reader.

26 -
 Now, would you like to use Chinese to learn more about the
people you meet? This lesson will show you how to ask a person's
occupation and nationality, as well as introduce friends, family
and others. In addition, we will create compound words from
basic words.

— Lesson 3 Ta shi na guo ren

m a
Text

Gege: -f-f: Libo, na shi shei?

Women Idoshi dou
DTng Ubo: T shi Zhonggud ren.
Gege: Na shi women Iaoshi
T.

Ding LibO; T %f> A Aft! *#0

Ta shi na guo ren? ®
& j| # A A.?

Ta shi Zhongguo ren. *

A til A

-27-
 ■=1 .\ew
Words
l. ta Pr she; her
2. shi V to be
3. nci QPr which
4. guo N country, nation
5. ren N people, person
6. nd Pr that
7. shei QPr who; whom
8. Iaoshi
T N teacher
Adv both; all
<9 . dou
io. Zhonggud PN China

Ding LibO: T Chen Iaoshi, nin hao! IdoshT.

Ait
NT hao.

Chen Idoshi; Zhe shi wo pengyou.

IS *t a & m&e Zhe shi wd gege, ® ta shi waiyu

DTng LibO: T NT hdo! Ni ye shi Iaoshi ma?

it aa -f-f, & a m%

ft til: # #&a %n m
Chen IdoshT; Nin hdo! Wd bu shi IdoshT, wd shi yTsheng.
1$ M if! A T> T! 4 A E±0
Libo, zhe shi nT ndinai ma? it A i* ift-fe
Pengyou: 4?

Chen IdoshT: Bu shi, ta shi wo waipo. ®

ft

DTng LibO: T Wdipd, nin hdo!

Chen IdoshT

-28-
 |=J New Words

1. nin Pr
4 fc you (polite form) this

she; her foreign

2. zhe Pr

* 3. tQ Pr ■Ml language you

doctor; physician grandmother on the

4. wdiyu N
father's side grandmother on the mother's
*5. nT Pr
side
6. yTsheng N

7. ndinai N (a surname)

8. wdipo N

9. Chen PN

CD Ta shl na gu6 r6n?

"What's her nationality?
There are two Chinese characters for the third person singular "to": one is "-ftii", used for a male; the other
"Ml", refers to a female.

CD Ta shl Zhonggu6 r6n.

"She is a Chinese."
To indicate the nationality of an individual, the character "A'^^sn) is usually placed after the name of his/her
country of origin. For example:

4^g!(Zhonggu6) -------- ctJ@A(Zhonggu6 ren)

CD Ch6n laoshT, nfn hao!

In China, a person's position or occupation, such as the director of a factory, manager, section head, engineer,
movie director, or teacher, is frequently used as a title to address him/her in preference to such expressions as Mr. or Miss.
Surnames always precede the titles. It is considered impolite for a student to address a teacher directly by his/her personal
name. "Surname + teacher" is the most proper form of address frequently used for a teacher, e.g., "Chen
laoshT(^jlfp)".
"ninttl)" is the polite form of "i^", commonly used to refer to an elderly or a senior person during a conversation or
to a person of the same generation when speaking on a formal occasion. People in Beijing are quite fond of using this
form of address.

(3) Zhe shl wd gege.

"This is my elder brother."
When introducing someone to a person, we often use the sentence pattern " )>C 7^ ■ ■ ■ " ("zhe Shl---").

"H"(shl) is pronounced as a weak syllable.

© Llbo, zhe shl nT ndinai ma? ------------- BO shl, td shl wd wdipd.

-29-
 The Chinese language uses many words for referring to individuals in a family so that their specific relationship to
other members of the family is made clear. Different words are used depending on whether a relative is on the mother's or
wife's side or on the father's or husband's side. Some examples are "yeye" and "nainai" used by a child to address the
parents of his/her father, differentiated from "wdigong" and "wdipo" used to address his/ her mother's parents.

— . io EaSh-E) Pronunciation Drills

p-Bj; Initials: zh eh sh r
Finals: -i [\]
ai uai ong

1. Spelling

zha end sha

zhT chl shl rl
zhe che she reng
zhai chai shdi rang
zhou chou shou
zhuo chuo shuo
zhudi chuai shuai
zhong chong
2. The four tones
cha chd end chd ru
ru ru zhe
zhe zhe zhe shi
shT shi shl zhe shi

-30-
Ido Ido Ido Ido Idoshi
chen chen chen chen Chen Idoshi
wdi wdi wdi
yu yu yu yu wdiyu
yi yi yi yi
sheng sheng sheng sheng yTsheng
zhdng zhdng zhdng
guo gud gud gud Zhdnggud
ren ren ren Zhdnggud ren
3. I^ilf Sound discrimination
zhdng ------- chdng sheng --------- shang
(middle) (to be born)

bl ------- pi ddng ------- tdng n

(dagger) (to understand)

(sun)

rdu —
(meat)
re
(hot)

rud

4. ffltffl Tone discrimination

shi ------- shl zhe zhe

(ten) (arrow) (person; thing) (this)

pdi -------- pdi cheng — cheng

(city) ren
(person)

zhudi -
ren

zhudi

5, Half third tone

IdoshT ndinai women wd nimen
wo gege wo pengyou nT bdba nT ndinai nd gud
nT wdipd mdng wd ydo ren hen
hdo ma mdng ye ydo
nT ydo kele

6. ptffli&'ti' Combination of tones

 kdfei Zhdnggud heibdn

shengdido tamen
(tone)

[ 1) " " here represents the neutral tone. - 2 8

 yisheng he chd shenti chlfdn zhTdao
(to d r i n k tea) (body) (to eat a meal) (to know)

U / Jt ^ii V >»

a/ »j

tushu chdngchdng niundi liuli pengyou

(books) (often) (milk) (fluent)
chenggdng yinhdng pinggud chiddo
(success) (bank) (apple) (late)
yeye

7. ^£.^1^^^ Practice on disyllabic words

gdngren (worker) YTnggUO (England, UK)

Shdngren (merchant) DegUO (Germany) MeigUO

lUShl (lawyer) gdnbU (cadre) (America) FdgUO (France)

Chdngzhdng (factory manager) EgUO (Russia) Rlben (Japan)

ndngmin (peasant)

8. §l|^|T?!j^^ffi^ Read the following classroom expressions aloud

Dd kdi shu. Gen (Open the book.)

wd nidn. NTmen (Read after me.)

nidn. Dong bu (Read out.)

ddng? Dong le. Bu (Do you understand? ) (Yes, I/we

ddng. understand.) (No, I/we don't

understand.)

Conversation Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1 . Nd shi shei?
2. Nd shi women IdoshT.
3. Td shi nd gud ren?
4. Td shi Zhonggud ren.
5. Zhe shi wd pengyou.
6. NT ye shi IdoshT ma?
7 . Wd bu shi IdoshT, wd shi yTsheng.

-33
— ) [ V A J H A Identifying people]
^l^lxHS' Make a dialogue based on the picture

( 1 ) A : Nd shi shei?

B : Nd shi __________

( 2 ) A : Ta shi shei?

B : Td shi ____________________.

— ) [ ( R HHH Asking someone's nationality]

1. 'J L ! N 'K £ ii'i' Complete the following dialogues

( 1 ) A : Nin shi nd gud ren?

B : ______________________ •

A : Td ne?

B : ______________________ •

( 2 ) A : Nin shi YTnggud ren ma?

B : Bu shi, ________________________ . Nin shi nd gud ren?

A : ______________________ .
2. ^fiEI'^nif Make a dialogue based on the picture

A : Ta shi nd gud ren?

34-
 B:

( H ) [ i t i " Introducing people]

I- 'J'6Fj% h { J\ /; ,n I - u i np i fio t he fo llo win g d ia lo g ue s

( 1 ) A ; Zhe shi Lin yTsheng. Zhe shi Chen Idoshi.

B : _____________________ .

C : Nin hdo, Lin yTsheng.

(2) A Zhe shi

Zhe
shi

2. i'Nijt ^iS" Situational dialogue

Introduce your teacher and classmates.

(H ) tyf&i Listen and repeat

-35 -
 <a Phonetics

1.E3 Third-tone sandhi

A third tone, when followed by a first, second or fourth tone, or most neutral tone syllables, usually becomes a half
third tone, that is, a tone that only falls but does not rise. The tone mark is unchanged. For example;
nT gege wo ydo
nT mdng ma?

2. u
V M $tm Tone sandhi of
"^F" is a fourth tone syllable by itself. But it becomes a second tone when followed by a fourth tone. For example;
bu he bu mdng bu hdo bu
shi bu ydo

3. ^tUSHfl Pronunciation key

Initials; zh like "j" in "jerk", but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back, unaspirated.
Ch like "ch" in "church", but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back, aspirated.

Sh like "sh" in "ship", but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back.
r as in "right" in English, but with lips unrounded, and the tip of the
tongue curled farther back. Always pronounce the Chinese /r/ sound
with a nice smile! ©
Finals; di like "y" in "sky" (light)
-i hJ ""i hJ" in " Z h i " , " C h i " , " S h i " and "ri" is pronounced differently from the simple final " i
[i]". After pronouncing the initials " z h " , "ch", "sh" and "r", the tongue does not move.
Care must be taken not to pronounce the simple final " i [i]", which is never found after " z h " ,
"ch", "sh" or " r " .

Chinese Characters

1. ikWLearn and write basic Chinese characters

(i)A J A.
ren
Note;
people, person 2 strokes
On the left side of a character, "/^" is written as " \ ".
KA
(2)+ f- f y X /
shl ten 2 strokes

bT dagger 2 strokes

(4) tj* i r-r ^ ^ A ^0-

zhong middle 4 strokes

-36-
 (5)
N
a i n fj a
sun 4 strokes
Q
(6) jhu)
bei
i n jn j a
shell 4 strokes
£3
(?) ^ " ? ii
yu jade 5 strokes
X
si-"
Note; On the left side of a character, "i" is written as " 5

7
(8) £ *^ £
shT arrow 5 strokes
X
(4
(9) 4 7
^^4
sheng to be born; suffix denoting person 5 strokes

do) 4r " + -^^^ c ^ + b )

zhe person; thing 8 strokes

2. i^il|&4'fiiH3i&j$t5t^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
(i) * ta
—> i + ^
(The "female" side, ", denotes something related to a woman.)

(2) % td
>ffc —* i +
(The "standing person" side, " 4 ", denotes something related to a person.)

(3) 4n men ( t f l )
in -> 4 + n
(The meaning side is " 4 ", and the phonetic side is " I 'V.)

(4) nT

(&: 7 ^ 1* ft 5 strokes)
(The "standing person" side " \ " denotes something related to a person.)

(you'erduo) (the "right-ear" side) 1

f 2 strokes

-37
I (ndzipang) (the "thai" side) 1 1 3 % 4 strokes

(5) #|5 nd

(6) #p nd

(The meaning side is " u " , and the phonetic side is " ".)

(7) *p nd

(The meaning side is "i ", and the phonetic side is "#[?".)
(8) 4fp dou

4p ->• 4r + p
+ Js
/ (laozitOU) (the "old" top) -^t 4 strokes
^ (jTnzir) (the "towel" character) > ']} 3 strokes

1
J/ (Shlzipdng) (the "teacher" side) ]) 2 strokes

-34-
 (9) laoshT
'Si
% -* + b -> <} + —
77 il
+ ifj
JZZZJ (guozikudng) (The "country" frame, " P " , denotes the boundary of a country.)

I fl B 3 slrokns

(10) t i ] Zhongguo ( t H ) P + i

HZ. (yizikudng) (the "doctor" frame) ' [1 2 strokes

( l i ) E 4 l yTsheng

7 strokes)

./^(pizidT) ( t h e "foot" bottom) 5 strokes

(12) A shi

9 +
Cultural Notes

Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet

Chinese differs from alphabetic languages in that its written form is not directly related to its pronunciation. In
order to provide phonetic notation for Chinese characters and to facilitate the consultation of dictionaries, phonologists
drafted the "Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet", and in 1958 the Chinese government passed an act to promote
the application of this scheme, commonly known as the pinyin ("arranged sounds") system. Pinyin adopts the Latin
alphabet to transcribe Chinese sounds, and four diacritical tone marks to indicate the different tones of Chinese
characters. Pinyin is now widely used for the study of Chinese language, and has aided the popularization of standard
Chinese (Putonghua). The use of pinyin in the study of Chinese provides many practical advantages for learning the
language.

39
 In this lesson, you will learn how to ask someone's name
politely, how to introduce yourself, and how to ask for
permission. The pronunciations of the Chinese initials
introduced in this lesson are different than similar -sounding
initials found in English, and so may seem unfamiliar to you.
Don't be discouraged, however, for with daily practice you will
surely be able to master them.

HIIZBiH Lesson 4 Renshi nT hen gaoxing

Text

QTng

jin! ® Yang

Idoshi,

nin hdo. Zhe

shl wd
Laoshi: Key! jinlai m a ? ®

Lin N d :

pengyou, td shl jizhe. QTngwen, nin guixlng?

Ldoshi:

-40-
Lu Yuping; Wo xing Lu, jiao Lu Yuping. ®

LaoshT; NT hdo, Lu xidnsheng, renshi nT hen gdoxing.

Lu Yuping: Yang Idoshi, renshi nin, wd ye hen gaoxing.

J=H New Words

1. renshi v to know (somebody) happy; pleased may

2. gdoxing A to come in to enter to

3. keyT Op V come please

4. jinlai jin Idi VC you (polite form)

5. qTng V friend
/VIC ft
*6. nin V reporter

*1. pengyou V May I ask...?

8. jizhe Pr to ask

9. qTngwen N what's your honorable surname? one's

wen N surname is-••/surname to be called Mr.

10. guixing xing V PN # ( a surname)

11. jido V
12. xidnsheng IE

V/ N
13. Yang
V

Wd shi Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng. ® Wd xing Lin,

A A i£t #1% ft f i o 4 #
Lin N d :
ft,
jido Lin Nd. Wd shi YTnggud ren. NT xing shenme? ®

Ma Ddwei: Lin N d :
fa 4$.

Md Ddwei:

41
 NT shi Jidnddd ren m a ?

Wd xing #A A. ^?
M d , jido
Md Wd bu shi Jidnddd ren, wd shi Meigud ren, ye shi
Ddwei.
4X A A, & A km A , -ilL *

Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng. Wd xuexi Hdnyu.

4yuydn|W
l.
Words
N language
2. xueyudn N institute; college
3. de Pt (a possessive or modifying particle)
4. xuesheng N student
5. shenme QPr #^ what
6. xuexi V
N
#4 to learn; to study
Chinese (language)
7. Hdnyu
8. YTnggud PN Great Britain; England
9. Md Ddwei PN (name of an American student)
io. Jidnddd PN Canada
l i . Meigud PN the United States; America

- m Notes

CD KeyT jinlai ma?

"May I come in?

(!• QTng jin!

"Come in, please!
"QTng( ) ••• " is an expression used for making polite requests.

-42-
(3) QTngwen, nfn guixlng?
"May I ask what is your (honorable) surname?
This is a polite way of asking someone's surname. In China, when meeting someone for the first time, it is
considered more polite to ask his/her surname rather than his/her full name. Notice that "(jiii(i/)" can only be used in
combination with "niXJ/jO" or " n i n ( / & ) " , and not with "w6(#0" or "ta (Tft/M)".
"QTngWGn(iflfR] )" means "May I ask..." or "Excuse me, but...", and is a polite way of asking a question.

(4) W6 xing Lu, jiao Lu Yuping,

"My surname is Lu, and my full name is Lu Yuping."
When answering the question "Nin guixlng? ", one can either give one's surname by saying "W6 X i n g ' - - " , or give
one's full name by saying "W6 j i CIO * - ■" or say both "W6 X i n g
■ • ■ , jido
Note that in Chinese, one's surname always comes first, and the given name comes last.

Q Renshi nT hen gdoxing.

"(I'm) glad to meet (literally, know) you."

(6) W6 shi Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng.

"I am a student at (literally, of) the Language Institute."

(.7) NT xing shenme?

"What's your surname?
This informal way of asking someone's surname is appropriate when an adult is speaking to a child, or when young
people are talking with each other.

*S3 Pronunciation Drills

Initials: j q X

E$-£f: Finals: ia ian iang

uei(-ui) uen(-un) ue uan

1- Spelling
qT xT
Jl
jid jidn jiang qid xia

jTn qidn xidn

qidng xidng

qTn xTn

jTng qG xG
ju que xue
jue qudn xudn
judn kuT hul
gul chun tOn
zhun xing
qTng

2. The four tones

-43-
 zhe zhe zhe zhe jizhe
qTng qing qTng qing
jTn jTn jin qTng jin
gul guT gui
xTng xing xTng xing guixing
xian xian xian xian
sheng sheng sheng sheng xidnsheng
yG yu yu yu
yan yan yan ydn yuydn
xue xue xue xue
yuan yuan yuan yuan xueyudn
xi xi xT xi xuexi
nan hdn hdn hdn Hdnyu
jid jid jid jid Jidnddd
^ Sound discrimination
jido — - qiao yue - ye dui --------
(to teach) (month) (night) (right)
tidn — ting ydn - yang zhT
(field) (to stop) (speech) (sheep) (only)
tffl Tone discrimination
shdu — — shdu xia - — xia shuT —
(hand) (thin) (down) (water)

tui

chT

shui
xin bdi xiao

(heart) (small)
xm xiao

(letter) (to
laugh)
bdi
(white)

5. Combination of tones

K V "_|_"—" " V »_J_M / " " V "_|_" V "

Idoshi (Beijing) (to travel) (gramma (exam)

yuyan key! r) q m g women
Beijing luxing yufd jin jiejie
kdoshi (elder
sister)

Li bo wdipd
 midnbdo lidnxi Hdnyu

bdozhT

guixing

zhuyi

meimei

keqi

(bread) (exercise) (newspaper) (to pay attention to) (courtesy)

6. Practice on disyllabic words

tditOi (Mrs) YTngyu (English)

XidOJie (Miss) FdyQ (French)

niJShi (Madam) Deyil (German)

jTngIT (manager) EyU (Russian)

tdngshi (colleague) RiyG (Japanese)

7. t^T^-i^MiS" Head the following classroom expressions a'oud

ZhOyi fdyTn. (Pay attention to your pronunciation.)

Zhuyi ShengdidO. (Pay attention to your tones.)

Dui bU d U I ? (Is it right? )

Dui le. (It's right.)

Conversation Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1 . Key! jinlai ma?
2. QTng jin!
3. Nin guixing?
4. Wo xing Lu, jido Lu Yuping.
5. Renshi nT hen gdoxing.
6. Wd shi Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng.
7. Wd xuexi Hdnyu.

( ~ ~) [ iW^ it i ^F Asking for permission]

^"i^izslfi Make a dialogue based on the picture

A-

-45-
(__) Asking someone's name)

9G)$ T 3^J
I i£' Complete the following dialogues

(1) A Nin guixing?

B Wd xing ____ ., jiao

A Wd jido _____ _wd hen gaoxing.

B

(2) A NT xing shenme?

B

(3) A Ta jido shenme?

B

(4) A Ta xing shenme?

B
( = ) [ i S c c f r ^ Introducing oneself]
fpf'Mz^i^f Situational dialogue
Ask everyone to introduce himself/herself in a meeting by imitating Dialogue II in the
text.

[ W ) Wfiife Listen and repeat

if i£0

E- iaB1 Phonetics

1. ^tWH^Sf Pronunciation key

Initials: j is an unaspirated voiceless palatal affricate. To produce this sound, first raise the front of the tongue to the

hard palate and press the tip of the tongue against the back of the lower teeth, and then loosen the tongue

and let the air squeeze out through the channel thus made. The sound is unaspirated and the vocal cords

do not vibrate.

q is an aspirated voiceless palatal affricate. It is produced in the same manner as "j", but it is aspirated.
X is a voiceless palatal fricative. To produce it, first raise the front of the tongue toward (but not touching)

the hard palate and then let the air squeeze out. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

Note;The finals that can be combined with "j", "q" and "x" are limited to "i", "Q" and compound

finals that start with "i" or "Q".

2. Spelling rules
(1) When the compound final "uei" is combined with initials, it is simplified to -ui and the tone mark is written over

"i". For example; gui.

(2) When the compound final "lien" is combined with initials, it is simplified to -un. For example; lun.
 (3) When "Q" is combined with j, q and x, the two dots over it are omitted. For

example: xue. "y" is added to the compound finals which start with "Cl" and the two dots

over it are omitted. For example: Yuyc'in Xueyudn.

Note; "J", "q", and "x" are never combined with "u" and "a".

-47-
 Grammar

"^"^(D Sentences with (1)

Subject Predicate
Adv N/NP Pt
TQ shi Idoshi.
^ ±% bu shl ^!lo
Md Ddwei IdoshT.
m shl xuesheng
us,? ma?
Ta

In an "A Je B" sentence, the verb "te" is used to connect the two parts. Its negative form is made by putting "/ f."
before the verb "Jk". If the sentence is not particularly emphatic, " te" is read softly.
Note: The adverb must be placed before "Je " .

*fc- /X-?- Chinese Characters

1. Rules of stroke order

Example Stroke Order Rule to Write

Horizontal before vertical
A J A Downward-left before downward-right
M From left to right
From top to bottom

/i a From outside to inside

Outside before inside before closing
n ft ®
Middle before two sides

-48 -
2. iA.2|3i^?St^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(i) Az ^Az
qT seven 2 strokes

(2) 'h J 'J >h

Xiao small, little
3 strokes

(3) <^ 'V_>

'V^.
Xin heart 4 strokes km
i $u
Note; On the left side of a character, is written as " I ", as in "'It".

(4) 7JC J 7J 7j' 7JC

shuT water 4 strokes
Note: On the left side of a character, "?J<." is written as " / ", as in " y >L'

(5) n ) n ft ft
yue moon 4 strokes

(6) -f"
s hO U hand 4 strokes
Note.- On the left side of a character, "-f-" is written as " 4 ".

(?) ^ 1 r 7 F7 F7 ^ Sab
ti d n field 5 strokes

(8) 6 f ft ft ft ( " + ft)

bdi 5 strokes
white

(9) y\ s s\ \ + s\)
zhT only 5 strokes

(io) a
ydn speech 7 strokes
Note: On the left side of a character, ""I"" is written as " i ", as in "-J-AiiR".

3. i^^^JC^^Sl^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
(1) iUX renshi (i&#0

ik —► i + A.
("i ", the meaning side plus the phonetic side, "A".)

-49-
 iR —► i + K
("i ", the meaning side, denotes language-related behavior.)

(2) f e t yuydn (#■■=")

/ (sdndidnshuT)(the "three-drops-of-water" side) ' / 3 strokes

(3) #u-g- Hdnyu

(4) nin

& -> # + itf

(yOUZltdu) (llie "to have" lop) ~" /" 2 strokes

(5) M A pengyou

A -> /■ + X
(6) #44 guixlng (^i)

*j (jidozipdng) (the "calling" side) *" *j 2 strokes

(7) jido

-50 -
 V
(shciOZipang) (Mir "ladle" side) 7
7^7 3 strokes

(8) de

-51-
f ------------- : ----------------------- : ------------------------ 7
How will you be able to find your way around in I China? By the
end of this lesson, you should be able to I ask directions, look
for people, express gratitude and I regret, and say goodbye in
Chinese. Remember to keep practicing your pronunciation and
tones every day.

Lesson 5

Canting zdi nar

®FT (v. 9IUL

Text

Ma Ddwei QTngwen, zhe shl Wang Xiaoyun de sushe ma?

Nu xuesheng: Shi. QTng jin, qTng zuo.

-k * it, it £c
Md Ddwei; Xiexie. Wang Xiaoyun zdi m a ? ®

Nu xuesheng:Ta bu zdi.
■k & Tfi 4- o
Md Ddwei: Td zdi ndr? ®

Nu xuesheng: DuibuqT, wd bu zhTdao.®

Md Ddwei; Mei gudnxi. Hdo, zdijidn.

NO xuesheng: Zdijidn. -it #4.:

#JLo

52
 1. canting N $r Jf dining room

2. zdi v to be (here, there ) ; to be (in, on, at) where

3. n a r QPr May I ask...?

* 4 . qlngwen v to ask

wen v this

* 5 . zhe Pr dormitory female

6. sushe N student to enter to

7. nu A sit to thank

* 8. xuesheng N I'm sony

* 9 . jin v m I;

10. zud v me ;£pi|L

n. xiexie v am to know
12. duibuqT IE never mind; it doesn't matter
* 13. wd Pr good; well; fine; O.K.
14. zhTdao v ^■J^L good-bye
15. mei guanxi IE -Pj- again
* 16. hdo A

17. zdijidn IE

Zdi Adv

18. Wdng Xidoyun PN JL'hi=; (name of a Chinese student)

Md Ddwei; Xidojie, qlngwen canting zdi ndr? ®

Xidojie; Zdi er ceng er ling si hdo.®

& M — O w - f , Md
Ddwei; Xiexie.
cfliSilii] Expressing thanks* 1 ?) 0

Xidojie; Buydng xie.( <Hil:

^/f] #o

-53-
Song Hud: Ddwei, women zdi zher.

£ iMrc
Md Ddwei: Duibuq ', wd Idi wdn le. ®
^ Hj^ T o
Wdng Xidoyun : Mei gudnxi.
& lie
irds
Ah .2 =1 New
W

l. xidojie N Miss; young lady

2. er Nu two
3. ceng M story; floor
4. ling Nu O zero
5. si Nu Eg four
6. hdo
7. buydng
N
Adv
* number
need not
8. zher Pr here
9. won A late
io. le Pt T "V (modal partical/aspect partical)
11. Song Hud PN (name of a Chinese student)

54
 z. )i m Notes
(l) Wdng Xiaoyun zdi ma?
"Is Wang Xiaoyun in?

(f) Td zdi ndr?

"Where is she?

(3) DuibuqT, wd bu zhTdao.

"duibuql( M ^ f )" is a phrase commonly used in making excuses or apologies, and the response to it is

usually "moi gudnxi(f57c#; )"•

(4) Canting zdi ndr?

"Where is the dining hall?

(D Zdi er ceng er ling si hdo.

"It's in No. 204 on the second floor."

In Chinese the ground floor of a building is considered to be the first floor.

(6) Buydng xie.

"Don't mention it."

This phrase is used as a response to an expression of thanks. One may also say, "Bu

xie (Ml)".

CD DuibuqT, wd Idi wan le.

"Sony, I am late."

Pronunciation Drills

p-Sp Initials: Z C S
Finals: -i [l] er
iong ua uan uang On

1. #fW Spelling

zd ca sd ST
zT cl SO
zu cu
zuan cuan suan jGn qOn xOn
zuT CU SUT gud kud hud
T PJj^ The four tones
zun cun sun zdi zdi zdi
zhuang chudng shuang can can can can
jiong qiong xidng ting ting ting ting

-55 -
 si SI SI
ceng ceng ceng
er er er
wen wen wen wen
xie xie xie xie
jidn jidn jidn
wan wan wan wan
ydng ydng ydng ydng
wdng wdng wdng wdng
yOn yun yun yun
song song song song
hud hud hud
ffii^ Sound discrimination
zl ------ - cT qie jie
(son) (and)
qing jing kud ------- kud zdi
(blue-green) (quick)

canting

si ceng

er hdo
qlngwen
xiexie
zdijidn
Idi wan le

buydng

Wdng Xiaoyun Song

Hud

jidn -------- qidn

(to see)

huan ------- hudng

4. Tone discrimination
xiong
si ------ sT jing --------- qTng er
(four) (well) (two)

yong -------- yong wen ----------- wen xiong

(written language) (bear)
er
(son)

-56-
5. $#er?ftUUblQ Final *erw and retroflex ending
er (two) Zher (here)
erZI (son) ndr (there)
erdUO (ear) ndr (where)
niVer (daughter) Wdnr (to play)

6. 'p^M^'a Combination of tones

o»

canting YTnggud jTngIT gdoxing xidnsheng

feijl shengci qidnbT gdngzud xiuxi
(plane) (new word) (pencil) (work) (rest)
kdiche hudnying kdishT shdngdidn qTzi
(to drive a car) (to welcome) (to start) (shop) (wife)
« / »V »
M /» , « o »
i< / « / ftj^tt / n M / »^ii \ »
»j^U-K
mingtidn xuexi yduydng xueyudn shenme
(tomon'ow) (to swim)
shijidn huidd pijiu zdzhi mingzi
(time) (answer) (beer) (magazine) (name)
zudtidn zuqiu cididn ciddi hdizi
(yesterday) (football) (dictionary) (audio tape) (child)

7. ^.^iriSr^^ Practice on disyllabic words

jidOShl (classroom) Heldn (The Netherlands)

ITtdng (auditorium) Aijl (Egypt) Yuendn (Vietnam) TdigiJO

CdOChdng (playground) (Thailand) YindU (India)

8. ^rii^&l&lM Practice on polysyllabic words
CdSUO (toilet)
tUShQguan (library)
XTnjiapd
yTyudn (hospital)
shiydnshi (Singapore) FeilQbTn

bdngongshi (the Philiphines) XTnxTldn

tTyugudn (New Zealand)

wdishichu Aoddliyd
tingchechdng (Australia) MdldixTyd

(Malaysia) YlnduniXTyd

(Indonesia)

9. SS^IT^J^^ffiM Read the following classroom expressions aloud

QTng nidn kewen. (Please read the text.)

QTng nidn Shengci. (Please read the new words.) Wd shud,

nTmen ting. (Listen to me.)

-57-
 E3. giSilS Conversation Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1. QTng jin, qTng zud.
2. Wd bu zhTdao.
3. Zdijidn.
4. QTngwen, canting zdi ndr?
5. Xiexie.
6. Btjydng xie.
7. DuibuqT.
8. Mei gudnxi.

( —) [ l ° l ± f e ^ Asking for directions)

1- K #'J 5<Wi Complete ihe following dialogues

( 1 ) A : QTngwen, cesud zdi ndr?

B : _____________________ ,

A : Xiexie.

B : ______
 ( 2 ) A : Qlngwen, jidoshi zdi ndr?

B : DuibuqT, _______________________

2. tf"M'#i]5 Situational dialogues In an

unfamiliar building:
( 1 ) You are looking for the elevator ,didntT).
( 2 ) You are looking for Mr. Yang's office.

( ~ ) [ J f e A Looking for someone]

1. K ^J ^iiV Complete the following dialogues
( 1 ) A : Qlngwen, Lin Nd zdi ma?

B : _____________________ .

A : T/d zdi ndr?

B : DuibuqT, _______________________ .

A : Mei guanxi. Zdijidn!

B : ________________________•

(2) A : 7

B : Zdi. QTng jin.

2. 41' I'^l £ i f i Make a dialogue based on the picture

7
( 1 ) Xuesheng:

Ydng IdoshT:

( 2 ) Lin N d : Libo zdi ma ?

Md Ddwei:

Lin N d : 7

Md Ddwei;

Lin N d :

Md Ddwei;

-59-
 ) [ill: Making an apology]
WJS^tS Make a dialogue based on the picture ( 1 ) A:

(2) A :

B:

( £9 ) [l°]^R*lk Asking about someone's occupation]

1 . VL J J X ^T^'^v S' Complete die following dialogues
( 1 ) A : Nin shl yTsheng ma?

B : Bu shi, _____________________ , wo shi ___

A: Nin ne?

C : W6 ye shi xuesheng, wo xuexi Hdnyu.

(2) A : _____________________________________ ?

B : Shi, ta shi wdiyu Idoshi

A : NT _______________________________ ?

B : Wo bu shi wdiyu IdoshT. Wd shi ___________

( 3 l ) B/fi£ Listen and repeat

Mo
* * *

Phonetics
1. Retroflex ending (final)
 The final "or" sometimes does not form a syllable by itself but is attached to another final to form a retroflex
final. A retroflex final is represented by the letter "r" added to the final. In actual writing, "Jl." is added to the
character in question, as in "nar( |§|5JL)".

2. ^M?#t Pronunciation key

Initials: Z like "ds" in "beds" like "ts" in "cai>", with aspiration
c s pronounced as in English, e.g. "s" in "see" like "er" in

-r (final) "sister" (American pronunciation)

Finals;

Grammar ■
•II s£ { " } fti"J WfnJ'ty Questions with an interrogati ve pronoun
Statement
Nd shi shei?
Nd shi women IdoshT.
#P ^ $? NT xing
shenme? -ft # ft £
Wd xing Md. & * -S? o
? CdntTng zdi ndr?
Canting zdi er ceng.

Td shi nd gud ren?

Td shi Zhonggud ren.
Question * a #f m a ?

The word order in a question with an interrogative pronoun is the same as that in a declarative sentence. In this kind

of sentence, a question pronoun simply replaces the part of the sentence to which the interrogative pronoun corresponds.

Chinese Characters

l .&^^n3llffll( l ) Combined character strokes (1)

Stroke Name Example Way to Write
henggou The horizontal stroke with a hook, is written like the fourth
stroke in " ifc " .
hengzhe
1 The horizontal stroke with a downward turn, is written like the
first stroke in
hengpie
7 The horizontal stroke with a downward turn to the left, is

1 hengzhegou
n written like the first stroke in "X"-
The horizontal stroke with a downward turn and a hook,
written like the third stroke in
is

hengzheti
i The horizontal stroke with a downward turn, and then
an upward turn to the right, is written like the
second stroke in "ip".

J shugou
T The vertical stroke with a hook, is written like the second stroke
in "T".

2. i^^S^&^F Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(1) —■ (2)
er two
Mst)
er son

-61-
 (3) "f-
Zl son 2 strokes

(4) #
jlng well
2 strokes

1/
3 strokes

TT JCL
4 strokes

(5) X
4 strokes
wen written language

(6 )J4L(JL) i njjij/L w 4,,

jidn to see 4 strokes P

(?) JL 1 n FI ft JL
qi e and 5 strokes

Note: "JL" is the original character for "?fiL" ( z U , ancestor). When it became a loaned function word, "iB."

was substituted for the original character.

(8) £9 inviyyvy
SI four 5 strokes

WO I,me 7 strokes

do) ~W ~ * fTTf-ff
ql n g blue-green 8 strokes

3. iU^il|Ut>f,Biil£IH&&^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts

4 (zciizitou) (tbe "location-' top) " ^ 3 strokes

(1) ^ zdi

62-
 £ -> ^ + A

—* * + * + i 6& %
(2) ^ zud

(3) qlngwen ( t f F -1)

if i + -fr
(The meaning side is "i ", and the phonetic side is "i|~".)

ft > n + p

-63
 (ZOUZhldT) (the "hurrying" side) 3 3 strokes

(4) ii zhe (it)

(5) it jin (it)

—► # + is.

(6) #JL zdijidn (#1.)

# -> - + n + i

(Ton H-S- 6 strokes)

(xuezitOll) (the "study" top) 5 strokes

(7) xuesheng

# -> ^ + -f

(8) $f hao

(9) xidojie

i + JL

Jj (yongzikudng) (th< (10) ie use frame) J J] 2 strokes

buydng

Cultural Notes

Chinese Dictionaries

Unlike most English dictionaries, in which entries are arranged alphabetically, Chinese dictionaries are organized
in a number of different ways. Chinese dictionaries can be compiled alphabetically (using pinyin or another
romanization system), by the number of strokes used to write the character in question, or by the radical of the character.
Many dictionaries published before the 1920s order their entries according to radical, whereas modern dictionaries are
often arranged alphabetically and include radical and stroke-number indexes.
The Xinhua Zidian (New Chinese Dictionary) and Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (Modern Chinese Dictionary) are
among the most widely used dictionaries at present in the People's Republic of China. The first is a pocketsize
dictionary, containing some eight thousand entries. It deals mainly with individual characters, their definitions,
pronunciations, and tones. The second is a medium-sized dictionary including more than fifty-six thousand entries. It
covers single characters, compound words, set phrases, and idiomatic expressions.
The encyclopedic Cihai (Sea of Words) and the detailed Ciyuan (Sources of Words) are both large dictionaries,
often issued in multi-volume sets. Currently there are also many dictionaries specially designed for international
students who want to study Chinese language and culture.

-64 -
 In this lesson, you will be able to learn what to do when you don't understand
what another person has said. You will also learn how to make suggestions, how to
accept or decline suggestions, and how to make comments. This lesson also provides
a review of the pronunciation and tones covered so far.

fflAill Lesson 6 Review)

Women qu youydng, hao ma

mi * », ft m
Text
Wdng Xiaoyun

Lin Nd:
#. if <3
Lin Nd, zudtian de jingju >
zenmeydng? ®

& if, Bf^ ^ t M

Wdng Xiaoyun
Hen ydu yisi. JTntidn tidnqi hen hdo,
women qu
Lin Nd:
#. if
m ~M ^\ #.
*tj *
Wdng Xiaoyun
■'I youydng, hdo ma? ® Tdi hdo le!

Shenme shihou qu? Xidnzdi qu, key!

ma? ® Key!.

-65-
 ^tl=l New Words

1. qu v to go

2. youyong vo to swim

3. zudtidn N yesterday

4. jTngju N Beijing opera

5. zenmeydng QPr how is it?

6. you yisi IE interesting

7. jTntidn N today

tian N day

8. tianqi N weather

9. tdi Adv too; extremely

* 10. shenme QPr what

n. shihou N time; moment

12. xidnzdi N now

Ding LibO: Ydng Idoshi, mingtian nin you shijian ma?

m
DuibuqT, qTng zdi shuo yi bidn. *r^?H, if # Or

Ydng IdoshT
i>i — sto
Mingtian nin you shijian ma? ft 4* tf«
DTng Libd; Women qu dd qiu, hdo ma?
Ala * 4t * ^?

Hen bdoqidn, miingtidn wd

ft A
Ydng Idoshi hen mdng, kdngpd bu xing.®

Xiexie nTmen.
*8#

66
 1. mingtian N tomoiTow

2. you V to have
3. shijian N time
4. shuo V ft to say; to speak
5. bidn M number of times (of action)
6. da qiu V0 to play ball
dd V to play
qiu N ball
7. bdoqidn V/A to feel sorry/sorry
* 8. mdng A busy
9. kdngpd Adv
V
mM to be afraid that; perhaps
to be O.K.
10. xing
* xiexie V MM to thank
11.
12. nlmen Pr 4Mn you (pi.)

—■ ;
Notes
(D Zudtian de jmgju zenmeydng?
"How was yesterday's Beijing opera?
zenmeyang? " is an expression commonly used to ask for someone's opinion.
Among the roughly 300 forms of opera in China, Beijing opera has enjoyed the greatest popularity and has the
most extensive influence. As a unique art form representative of Chinese culture, it is loved by many people all over the
world.

(1) Women qu youydng, hdo ma?

"Shall we go swimming?
hao ma? " is a. pattern used when making a suggestion.

'D Tdi hdo le! Shenme shihou qu?

"That's great! When are we going?
"Tai hao le! ( A £F J ! )" is an expression used to show enthusiastic approval. It is also used to express happy
agreement with a suggestion. You may also use "hao(#f)" or "xing ( i f ) " as a. response.

(4) Xidnzdi qu, key! ma?

"Is it O.K. to go right now?
key! ma? " is another expression used to make a suggestion. If you agree with
a suggestion, you may say "keyl( P J \)J,)" or "hao(^f)". - 64 -
 (5) Mingtian nin you shijian ma?
"Do you have time tomorrow?

6) QTng zdi shuo yi bidn,

"Pardon? Would you say it again?
This phrase is used when the speaker's words were not heard clearly and you would like him/her to repeat them.

(7) Hen baoqidn, mingtian wo hen mdng, kongpd bu xing.

"I'm sorry, but I'll be very busy tomorrow. I'm afraid I can't." "kongpd bu Xing" is
a phrase to express a courteous refusal.

Pronunciation Review
Spelling
1. zhT chT zi cl
ju qu go ku
ben peng tdn ddng
zhdng chdng gdn kdng
zdn cdng jTn qTng
zhd ehd zG cu
ge ke j" qT

2. The four tones

you ydu ydu ydu
ydng ydng ydng youydng
zuo zud zud zud
tidn tidn tidn tidn zudtidn
jTn jTn jin jTntidn
ming mTng ming mingtian
qi qi qT qi tidnqi
xian xian xian xian xidnzdi
TO JTng jing
ju ju ju ju jTngju
bdo bdo bdo bdo
qidn qidn qidn qidn baoqidn
kdng kdng kdng kongpd
xTng xing xTng xing bu xing
3. Sound discrimination
jiu ------- xid sT ------- shi cun ------- zun
(nine) (private) (inch)
qi ------- j] dui ------- till gudn -------- judn
(air) (to exchange)

4. f f l t M Tone discrimination
wdng -------- wdng kdn ------------- kdn gong ----------- gong
(to die) (to see) (labor)
sdn ------- sdn shen ------- shen gudi ----------- gudi
(three) (body)

5. j^lHIS/n" Combination of tones

"V»,«0
u V "_|_" ^ "
IdoshT yuydn keyT kdngpd jiejie
yuyTn dd qiu yufd qlngwen zenme
(pronunciation) (grammar) nushi (how)
xidoshud qTchudng fuddo yTzi
(novel) (to get up) (coach) (Madam) (chair)

-68 -
 a \ "_|_" ^ " " ^ " i "
shdngbdn si ceng wdiyu bdoqidn xiexie
(to go to work)
qiche kewen didnyTng huihud meimei
(car) (text) (movie) (conversation)
luyTn fuxi didnndo Hdnzi keqi
(sound recording) (review) (computer) (Chinese character)

6. Practice on disyllabic words

dlJdnlidn (to do physical training) Chdngge (to sing a song)
ChTfdn (to eat a meal) tidOWU (to dance)
Shdngke (to have lessons) xTzdO (to take a bath)
Xidke (class is over) ShuijidO (to sleep)

7. ^W^Tj^^l Practice on polysyllabic words

ShUO Hdnyu (to speak Chinese) kdn IDxidng (to watch video)
Tlidn ShengCI (to read the new words) ZUO Mdnxf (to do exercise)
Xie Hdnzi (to write Chinese characters) fdnyi jlJZi (to translate sentence)
tTng ICiyTn (to listen to tape) ydng didnndO (to use computer)
8. H^TM^jJl^F Read the following poem aloud

Deng Gudn Que Ldu

(Tdng) Wdng Zhihudn

MM
Bdi ri yi shdn jin,
& Oj <f,
EJ
Hudng He ru hdi liu.
it n X m Mio
Yu qidng qidn IT mu,
f s. i 0
Geng shdng yi ceng ldu.
M

9. 6i^|"F?'!j^^ffi^ Read the following classroom expressions aloud

QTng kdn ShO. (Please look at your books.)

QTng Xid Hdnzi. (Please write the characters.)

QTng Zdi nidn yi bidn. (Please read it again.)

Women tTngxie. (Let's do dictation.)

P"Q. Conversation Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1 . Zudtidn de jTngju zenmeydng?

- 69 -
2. JTntidn tidnqi hen hdo, women qu yduydng, hdo ma?
3. Tdi hdo le! Shenme shihou qu?
4. Xidnzdi qu, keyT ma?
5. KeyT.
6. Mingtian nin you shijian ma?
7. DuibuqT, qing zdi shud yi bidn.
8. Hen bdoqidn, kdngpd bu xing.

-70 -
( —) Making suggestions]
Make a dialogue based on the picture
(1) A ., hao ma?

B Tdi hdo le!

A ., key! ma?

(2) A: ., hdo ma?

B : Shenme shihou qu?

A ; ____________ , key! ma?

B : DuibuqT, _____________ ,

A : Mei guanxi.
(Use the word "tioOWU"
which means "to dance".)
(- ) [iff^Jtil Asking someone to repeat something]
fl^lzHT'i Make a dialogue based on the picture
A; ______________________________________ ?

B : DuibuqT, _______________________________ . yam

A: ______________________________________ ?

(=.) Making comments]

V§ Make a dialogue based on the picture

(1) A ; QTngwen, zhe shi shenme?

B : Zhe shi wushu. Wushu zenmeydng?

A : ________________________ .

(2) A : Zhe shi shenme?

B : Zhe shi xidngmdo.

A : Xidngmdo zenmeydng?

B : ________________________ .

-71-
( M ) *t \t T W #1 #i£ it ^ >J Imitate the following dialogues
( 1 ) A : Nin hao!

B : Nin hdo!

A ; Qlngwen, nin guixing? .•

....

B : Wo xing LT, jido LT Mali. Qlngwen, nin xing shenme? A : Wd xing Song, jido

Song Hud. Nin shi nd gud ren? B : Wd shi Meigud ren, shi Beijing Ddxue

(university) de

xuesheng. A : Renshi nin hen gdoxing.

B : Renshi nin, wd ye hen gdoxing.

(2) A ; Libo, nT hdo ma?

B : Wd hen hdo. Song Hud, nT ne?

A : Wd hen mdng. NT wdipd hdo ma?

B : Xiexie, td hen hdo. NT b d b a ^ mama dou hdo ma?

A : Tdmen dou hen hdo. Mali, zhe shi wd pengyou, DTng Libo.

B : NT hdo.

A : Zhe shi Mali.

C : NT hdo. Wd jido Mali, shi Beijing Ddxue de xuesheng. Wd

xuexi Hdnyu. QTngwen, nT shi Meigud ren ma?

B : Bu shi, wd shi Jidnddd ren.

( 3 ) A : Td shi shei?
B : Td shi women IdoshT.
A ; Td shi Zhonggud ren ma?
B : Td shi Zhonggud ren. Td xing Chen.
A ; Nd shi shei?
B : Td jido Lu Yuping.
A : Td ye shi IdoshT ma?
B : Td bu shi IdoshT. Td shi jizhe.

(4) A : Xidnsheng, qTngwen, bdngdngshi zdi ndr? B : Zdi wu

ceng. A : Chen Idoshi zdi ma? B : Shei? DuibuqT, qTng
zdi shud yi bidn. A ; Chen Fangfang Idoshi zdi ma? B : Td
zdi. A ; Xiexie. B - Bu xie.

-72-
 ( 5 ) A ; KeyT jinlai ma?
B : Wdng xidnsheng, nin hdo. QTng jin,
qTng zud. A : DuibuqT, wd Idi wan le. B :
Mei gudnxi. Nin ydo kdfei ma?
A : Wd bu ydo. Xiexie. Mingtian women qu kdn jingju, hdo ma? B : DuibuqT,
mingtian wd hen mdng, kongpd bu xing,

(A) Listen and repeat

& >& P-T >fr & , ^ — 'A o

To B Phonetics
L Tone sandhi of *—"
Normally " —" is pronounced in the first tone when it stands by itself, at the end of a word, phrase or sentence, or
is used as an ordinal number. However, "—" is pronounced in the fourth tone when it precedes a first tone, second tone,
or third tone syllable. It is read in the second tone when it precedes a fourth tone.

yi bei (one cup)

yi + yi + /
example: yi ping (one bottle)
v
yi ben (one copy)

yi + yi + example: yi b i d n (one time/once)

2. #S-gj*-#|&-##r#J&^ Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals in Common Speech

There are more than 400 meaningful syllables in the common speech of modern Chinese. If we add the four tones to
these, we can distinguish more than 1,200 syllables. The syllables covered from Lesson 1 to Lesson 6 are shown in the
table on the next page.

TV Grammar

2$) t^j ill Sentences with a verbal predicate

The main part of the predicate in a sentence with a verbal predicate is a verb. The object usually follows the verb.
One of its negative forms is made by placing the adverb "7f>" before the verb.

Subject Predicate

Adv V O ni? ma?

fa ME
NT ydo kdfei ma?
mn m
Women dou xuexi Hdnyu.
«JT BP A?
Canting zdi ndr?
m
Wo bu zhTdao.
Pftjo
Wo xing Lu.

-73-
 m m
Ta jido Lin Nd.
f®i?
Nin mingtian you shijidn ma?

t. a? Chinese Characters

1. U¥&&^M ( 2 ) Combined character strokes (2)

Stroke Name Example Way to Write
\— shuzhe The vertical stroke with a horizontal turn to the right, is
written like the second stroke
in "dr.
V shuti The vertical stroke with an upward turn to the right, is
written like the first stroke in
u
vr.
<7 shuzhezhegou The vertical stroke with a horizontal turn to the right, and
then a downward turn and a hook, is written like the second
stroke in " S j "
6 hengzhewan The horizontal stroke with a vertical turn, and then a
gou horizontal turn to the right and an upward hook, is
written like the second stroke in " f l " .
I piezhe & The downward stroke to the left, and then a horizontal turn
to the right, is written like the second stroke in
< piedian The downward stroke to the left and then an extended dot to
the right, is written like the first stroke in "^c".

2. ^lM'TJ Combination of strokes

The relationship between strokes in a Chinese character can be essential to its meaning. There are three ways to

combine strokes in a character;

(1) Adjacent (not attached) like "A", "JL", "~", "/Jn " ;

(2) Crossing like " + ", "J:", , "J K " ;

(3) Connecting like "T", "T", "A", "ill",

3. ikWJ&JfcfiL^' Learn and write basic Chinese characters

a) A, J JL
jIU nine 2 strokes

(2)
SI private 2 strokes

Cljn a unit of 3 strokes

inch

(4) X - T X
gong labour 3 strokes

^ > N
(5) XT

-74 -
 wdng to die
3 strokes

(6)

son 3 strokes
three

(7) -^(10 ^
ql air 4 strokes

(8) Ji- »

li to stand 5 strokes

f
(9) % ' nl«
SHEN body 7 strokes
Note: On the left side or in the middle of a character, is written as "I ".

(10) X d u i 14 J4

7 strokes

to exchange

4. i^^^^t^^jSt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
(l) qu

(2) you yisi

+ 3
f -
-> JL H-
;

(3) 3L\ tianqi (i^H)

-* - + *■ jj)

(4) tdi

-»• *. + >
(5) >f+& shenme {-^M)
(6) EtfM£ shihou (&HI)

( " E I " , the "sun" side denotes time.)

# d+1 +*+ 4t
{ ' \ 4 ¥ *T ¥~ F P- # # 10 strokes)

(7) $Lfc xidnzai (&Lfc)

(8) sfl^ mingtian

W ^®+N
("EI", the "sun" side and the "moon" side, "/I", denote light.)

-76-
 (9) *h«] shfjian (B # M )
fa] -» n + a

(10) -iji shuo (iJL)

% ~> t + JL
l r
\ (shUXlnpdng) ' j 3 strokes

(On the left side of a character, "'C" is written as " '\ ".)
(11) |ir mdng

(12) #-it xiexie ( # # )

Cultural Notes

Beijing Opera

Beijing opera is a branch of traditional Chinese musical drama. It took shape in Beijing about 150 years ago and
has been popular ever since. Beijing opera is a theatrical art synthesizing recitation, instrumental music, singing,
dancing, acrobatics, and martial arts, and featuring symbolic motions and stage design. The highly formulaic and
suggestive movements of the actors are accompanied by the rhythmic beats of gongs and drums, or the haunting
melodies of traditional instruments. All contribute to its uniqueness as a performing art. Beijing opera is rooted deeply in
Chinese culture and still appeals strongly to many Chinese.

-77-
 The first six lessons of this textbook provide an overview of the phonetic system of the
Chinese language, which consists of twenty-one initials, thirty-eight finals, and the four basic
tones. There are only a little over 1,200 ways of combining initials and finals in Chinese. Now
that you can use pinyin, you should be able to read any Chinese syllable correctly.
A major goal of language learning is to acquire the ability to communicate i n that
language. For this purpose, you have learned how to respond to a number of basic social
situations. In addition, you have met with more than one hundred words and expressions, have
learned forty key sentences and have studied twenty-two sentences of classroom Chinese.
So far, you have acquired sixty basic Chinese characters as well as more than fifty new
vocabulary items formed from them. You have also learned some rules of stroke order for
Chinese characters. This elementary vocabulary will be useful when you start to learn compound
words and continue to build your vocabulary.

-78 -
 From this lesson on, apart from continuing to work on improving your
Chinese pronunciation, you will learn how to talk about everyday situations
using a greater variety of Chinese expressions than before. You will
experiment with a larger number of Chinese sentences, and will further
explore the culture, customs, and habits of Chinese-speaking peoples.
This lesson will help you with making acquaintances, discussing your
studies, and asking questions in a different way than you have previously
learned.

MfctS Lesson 7
NT renshi bu renshi ta

MM i ft

Text

Lin Nd ■

Ding Libd;

-79-
 Libd, bu shi women xueyudn de Idoshi?
mingtian
kdixue, wd
hen Wd wen yixid. QTngwen, nin shi women xueyudn de
gdoxing. NT
kdn, td shi ^ ©
Idoshi ma?

Zhang jidoshdu: Shi, wo shi Yuydn Xueyudn de IdoshT. DTng Libo: [^l^jALffi] Meeting
someone for the first time

Nin guixing? Zhang jidoshdu: Wd xing Zhang,women renshi yixid,

zhe shi wo de

&Ao

mingpidn

DTng Libo: Xiexie.( K a n m i n g p i d n ) A , nin shi Zhang jidoshdu

Wd jido DTng Libo, td jido Lin Nd. Women dou shi

Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng,

fa & & *§-f # 4U£, iUK M, A^

I in N d : Nin shi Yuydn Xueyudn de jidoshdu, renshi nin, women

hen gdoxing,

Zhang jidoshdu: Renshi nimen, wd ye hen gdoxing, NTmen dou hdo ma?

fa ^: «, M & 4?U£, m
Lin N d : Xiexie, women dou hen hdo. Zhang jidoshdu, nin mdng

^ -It? bu
mdng?

& A m fco if, -if

Zhang jidoshdu: Wd hen mdng. Hdo, nimen qlng zud, zdijidn!

DTng Libo:

fa i f : Zdijidn!
Lin N d :

-80 -
 2=1 New Words

1. 7t* vo kctixue to start school

V kdi to open, to start
*2 Adv hen very ffifr, « , #fg,f
.
*3 A gdoxing happy, pleased ^Mitj^

*
.
A gao high, tall
4. V kdn ^titM, :
to watch, to look at
5. V wen to ask n%m, nmn
6. — T yixid (used after a verb to indicate a short, quick,
random, informal action)

*7 N xueyudn institute iSJ^JSi,

.
8. N mingpidn calling card $^£Jt, £0^£>f
9. fT Int d ah, oh
10. N jidoshdu professor

V jiao to teach
11. T i 7 ^ PN DTng Libo (name of a Canadian student)
12. % PN Zhang (a surname)

©W^K 26^5 301 *1S: 12345678

fa if, #p & j£? Lin
DTng Libd; N d , nd shi shei?

fa
Lin Nd: Nd shi Md Ddwei. NT renshi bu renshi td? Wd bu

T fiyk:
DTng Libd: renshi td.

* £ frig -Tot it A —
Lin N d : T Wo Idi jieshdo yixid. NT hdo, Ddwei, zhe shi wd pengyou-
DTng Libo;
^ * # T, "1 T iJ^o "it 1*1, 1*
pi
1
NT hdo! Wd xing DTng, jido DTng Libo. QTngwen, nT jido
shenme mingzi?

SQ A tX ¥j») >k *Jfro® A*A

Md Ddwei; Wd de Zhdngwen mingzi jido Ma Ddwei. NT shi bu shi

t H] A?
Zhonggud ren?

-81-
T fiyk: A A fa&k. A0 A -km A A, * ^
DTng Libd: Wd shi Jidnddd ren. Wd mama shi Zhonggud ren, wd bdba

A 1* & A A "5,?
shi Jidnddd ren. NT ye shi Jidnddd ren ma?

SQ * A, A X A fatA , A A A0 ft

Md Ddwei; Bu shi, wd bu shi Jidnddd ren, wd shi Meigud ren. NT

xuexi shenme zhudnye'? v

"~"^v

/ Talking A.

DTng Libd: Wd xuexi meishu zhudnye. NT ne?

^ & f >/ Xf -£jk0 ^ f >J ^o

Md Ddwei; Wd xuexi wenxue zhudnye. Xidnzdi wd xuexi Hdnyu.

fa ®Lfc # # 3 iSL-», ^ A VJfe %

Lin Nd: Xidnzdi women dou xuexi Hdnyu, ye dou shi Hdnyu xi de

xuesheng..

£^ New Wunls
QPr shei who
* 1. if
V Idi to come
3. V jieshdo to introduce ftgd$ti'¥$t
4. N mingzi name Bl|ff-i&£^
5. f X N Zhdngwen Chinese ^X^, "fjt^it
*6. ^46" N bdba dad

-82 -
 *7. V xuexi
V xue to learn, to study ^ > j r p X , W^W$
8. # i N zhudnye to learn, to study ^^^C, ^#Un, ^inS
9. H:^ N meishu

10. X #
* A
N
mei
wenxue
major; specialty

fine arts
^ I ^ik,

^ ^ ^ t ^ , HTfcifiJ/. beautiful
i^ W ^ik

11. & N xl
literature f^ljtfr, JC^'^M faculty; department Sliglg, iHH^,
^JtH

Md Ddwei (name of an American student)

* 12. Sjj^ft Jidnddd Canada
PN MeigUO the United States
* 13. T V ^^C PN
Siipplcmeiikin Words
14. liHJ N wenhud culture
1. X4t
PN 2. J#3t N lishT history
3. N zhexue philosophy
4. N ylnyue music
5. ^ N JTngji economy
N shuxue mathematics
6. It*
7. fam. N wulT physics
8. N hudxue chemistry
9. * f N jidoyu education
10. V xudnxiu to take an elective course

Notes

0) -T
" — h " is used after a verb to indicate that an action is of short duration, or express
the idea "giving something a try". It can soften the tone of an expression so that it sounds
less formal. For example: "iAiR K", I", V", "it* T", ->"",

"^5f5^V^rj—"~F" and "^ffliAiR—-T"" are expressions commonly used when people meet each other for the first
time.

To indicate the place or organization where one works, plural pronouns are often used
as modifiers. For example, the following phrases are used: "{iMfl ^Irc" > "'fftCll^" > "$£fl]
I^(gu6ji0, country)", rather than "^@|T.

" P [ ) ' « J " is read in the fourth tone, indicating a sudden understanding or expressing admira-
tion.

(4) Mft-^^?
This is a casual way of asking someone's name, applicable to an adult talking with a child, or used among
youngsters. The answer is usually one's full name. For example: Pt| 7~;rj$5". You may also answer by giving
your surname first, and then your full name. For example: "fS&T , N T;W.

A noun can be placed directly before a noun as its attributive modifier. For example:

-83-
 To render a non-Chinese name into Chinese, we may choose two or three characters based on the pronunciation or
meaning of the original name. David March, for example, may be rendered into Chinese as "^j^k.^}", and Natalie
Lynn as "##J[5"; the surname "White" can be translated as "fzl", and a girl by the name of Amy can be called
Both "^^t" and "i'X.in'" refer to the Chinese language, "^^t" has a broader meaning, referring to the Chinese
language in both its written and spoken forms. Originally, "'/X in" referred only to the spoken language of the Han people.
Today, it is often used to refer to both the written and spoken forms of the Han language. These words are now used
interchangeably by most people.

—• Drills and Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1. f o A ^ A & f o ' f l&tfjsfrilf?

3. &tfJiUR—T ,M tX &^vi^&ftt
4. 4fc i£ 9 fl"
5. & # # £ £ - £ i t Q
1- 3&1HT?y$3iii Master the following phrases
( 1 ) yir-T -iit-T ^-T iUR-T # 3 -T
( 2 ) iUR^iu* frn^frn #3^3
AT A %^ik fc - Tfc

(3) #^H3 4^ d & # JW £ &. 4n & >) % 4Mn# i %

(4) Wb1ti&% $K ^%} %t f)% n tx^tt
(5) t@IA £111 A. tSI^ i*#A^il
^lilA -*rJW£ ^^jjip

2. Pattern drills
( 1 ) A: T
$t® ' b &
B: fijJUo
A:
B: W#Lte.Jh_o

Mr. White
( 2 ) A : i^J^Hfi?
B: M^Wio A:
St'bfa^Wc 'AJ &^- l B:
MIP1Mio

( 3 ) A: W &>$L%\X \% n * h c > .

A: ^/*p^t ^ ^ ^? &4U£
B:

(4) A: fc&*&± IDA?

B: ^£,MM±Ao
A: fe-^^ia^AA^?

-84 -
 B: ^ , M i H M o

( 5 ) A: ik A^ A i mn . A l
B: i l ^ A ^ ^ ^ X o
A: il^L- ^ ^ M J i ?
B: i t A ^ M J i c
 ( 6 ) A: MKI?«*IKI?.2,^%7
B: &IK&LUUB_0
A: ^/ * ^[ 5 g l A ?
B: W^ XL _________________

( 7 ) A: f c K &7SLi& f a f f )
B: &&*&ySLi£ & t f j % £ . o

A:
B: ? M ^ ^R - i £ & 6 t # £ 0

( 8 ) A: fctf}J?&&K &75Li£7 /^^(lishT)

B: ^ ^_ 0 # ^( z h e x u e )
A: >M+&^-Jk? ^fc(yTnyue) ^(jTngji)
B: ^ ^ - t J k , # ^?
A: & ^> 7 3C# - f jJi0
3. ^Sj&^fe] Make sentences according to the pictures
(1) . ' |,.«
v< ,„■
ft ^
^^^^^
#| JS
4. zH§ >I Conversation practice
[TsOi^C 'AL llTf Meeting someone for the first time,]
( 1 ) A: #ra,&jN£?

B: ______________ t m\ ___________ 0
A: ____________________ o i £ ^L & ^ > t o

B: o
( 2 ) A : 4MHiUX- - T o ________________ o
B: David March 0 & 6$ *f »3:;& ^ "H 0

(3) A:
B : ^ ________________ o

A; ____________ o
(4) A : T$ f W , M A *&*®X?
_____________ o
( 5 ) A : & ^ - T , £ * A _______________________________________________ o

ii^i _______________________________ ® ^ , & ________________ o

B; iki?Ml& X o
C : ___________________ o

, f # l& & # # £ 0 ikifsi f in ,&fe$iX 0

[ t ^ ^ > l k Talking about one's major] ( 1 ) A :

iJTft,ifcA*&^i&&tf}'%£r?
B: M^^^f io
A: ^#>Mt£-£-Jk?
B : ^3 ^£ ( l i s h i ) - ^ j k 0 iftfjJf&JH-f&l
A: ________________ o

- 87-
 (2) A
B
A
B
A ^i£#(xudnxiGM+ £ ?
B

5. Communication exercises
(1) You come across a student whom you don't know. How do you cany out a conversation with him/her in order to
know more about him/her?
( 2 ) Two of your friends do not know each other. How do you introduce them to each other?
( 3 ) How do you introduce yourself in a meeting?
(4) How do you ask about your new friend's major?

^£f£lE^ Student's Registration Form

name $-3HJ sex age nationality J^-ffc institution

T#8t m 21
mm & 19
22
mm

23- l^li^ffiMJi Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

%f>Ai£t f 1%#W : - k £ W &? &, % &W (Ydng) 0 ^MH

 Grammar

1. Attributives expressing possession

In Chinese, an attributive must be placed before the word it modifies. When a noun or a pronoun is used as an
attributive to express possession, the structural particle " ^" is usually required.

NP / Pr +
+ IN
I'I'J
!i<
J
When a personal pronoun functions as an attributive and the modified word is a noun
referring to a relative or the name of a work unit, the " ffl" between the attributive and the
word it modifies may be omitted. For example: "$tMM" , , , "$£Cl^f^"-

2. lE^^R^ V/A-not-V/A questions

A question can also be formed by juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of the main element of the

V/A + F V/A + 0

Subject Predicate
V/A Not V/A o
'It * 'It?
iHR m-
4^ 1 A ?

The response to such a question may be a complete sentence (affirmative or negative) or

predicate (verb or adjective) in a sentence.
a sentence with its subject or object omitted. One may respond with " JE " swer) or " s f i / k " (affirmative
(negative answer) at the beginning of an answer to a " J For example; an-question.

(1) (S)'lto
(2) (||f])W(|)0
(3) (77i) ^ t l A o ^,77^^11 Ac
(S)Wo

3. fflw5S"^J^^^^N^I Abbreviated questions with "%n

An abbreviated question with "516" is made by adding "5^" directly after a pronoun or a noun. The meaning of the
question, however, must be clearly indicated in the previous sentence.
Pr/NP + % ?
(«? = fow?)
?

(fife BE? = ikmu ^JzAVh? )

7^

- 89-
4. ^"^^"^^g The position of adverbs and "IP"
The adverbs "til" and must occur after the subject and before the predicative verb
or adjective. For example: "#JWl;J!Jn#: AA", 'WllWIlTJP^AA". One cannot say "til
^W^in* AA", "tMMl»* A A".
If both "til" and "|f|5" modify the predicate, "til" must be put before

-Hl/# + V/A

Subject Predicate
Adv V/A
»AAo
'tto

tH AP^AAo
mil
til iAiR {to
mi
Co
mn
iP^AAo
mn n
iAW ,tiio
mi
'to
mn
iP^AAo
mn
>AvR
mn
Co

In a negative sentence, "til" must occur before "|f|$" may be put before or after
"^F", but the meanings of "IfP ^F" and "/^ |f|$" are different.

til/tP + 'S + V/A

Subject Predicate
Adv V/A
m

% tW
mn l^lfo (none of us)
mi
/H^jJfFo
a*
(not all of us)

A. Chinese Characters
1. tZ^IKl^ft1 Chinese character components
There are three aspects to the structure of a Chinese character: the strokes, the compo-
nents and the whole character. For example, the character "/fc" consists of four strokes:
I "," v". It is a basic character and is also used as a component for some
other characters. For example, consists of two "/fc" characters. The components are the
core structure of a Chinese character. Chinese characters can be divided into character-parts
and non-character-parts. For example, " $t" can be divided into the following three parts;
" |3 ", "ju" of which " ju" is a character-part, while " |3 " and are the non-
character-parts. The key to learning Chinese characters well is to master their components.

2. ikMZ&^fX.^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

Lesson 7
kdi to open 4 strokes
IS
(":7f " looks like the bar or the bolt of a door; when the in "ff"" is removed, the
door opens.)

-90-
 (2) @ pa? m
mu 5 strokes
eye

(3) T TT
xici below, bottom 3 strokes
(in contrast with "_f_", the " b" under "-—" denotes "bottom" or "beneath")

(4) 7G " 7~ 7C
yudn first; primary 4 strokes

(5)

pidn a flat,thin piece; slice 4 strokes

<6> jt
pi
^rffrjt
skin 5 strokes
I®

-91-
(7) *7 ^
gong an archer's bow 3 strokes

(«)-£(*) '-^f-fc
Zhang to grow 4 strokes

(9) jjt (£) ' ^ -f ^ ^

lai to come 7 strokes

jiG be situated between; interpose 4 strokes

(id 5C ' 5C
fu father 4 strokes (3>
r

17
d2) " ^ 6
ba wait anxiously; cling to 4 strokes
(" E" stands on the right side or at the bottom of a Chinese character and denotes the
pronunciation of the character.)

(13) 3( f ) n %
XI to study 3 strokes

(14) ^ (4) ~^
z hu a n special 4 strokes
(Note that the third stroke of is one stroke, not two strokes.)

d5) jk (*) 1 H *ll ^ i k

ye line of business; trade 5 strokes

» »-*
(16) -f '•i. -^ .i. cy>
- ydng sheep 6 strokes

(17) ^ (#) " f 4"

S hu art; skill 5 strokes
(Note that "fc" has one more dot than "A".)

-92-
 (18)

xi department; system 7 strokes

(19) % W '
? 4 strokes
Wei act; to do

3. iMftSU£rf1l$3t^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the

texts
A /\ (shuangllren) (" \ " is called die "single-standing-person" side; " 4 " is called the
double-standing-person" side.) * s y\ 3 strokes

|L ( l )
gen fa. 2 6 strokes

2. hen
9 strokes
1 3
' pp

n - 4 +

P.
11 2 strokes 4
— (liuzitou) (the "six" top) -^(xingzitou) (the "excitement"

s> s,/ strokes

top) '

(2) gaoxing (jffi^)

10 strokes 6

strokes

(kanzitOU) (In a multi-component character the vertical stroke with a hook " J

"-f-" is written as a downward stroke to the left " ) ".) 4 strokes

(3) % kdn
ft -> * + ® 9 strokes

(Holding a hand "-f-" above one's eyes " H " to gaze.) f> (zuo'erduo) (the
2 strokes

"left-ear" side) * |5

(4) xueyudn (<f-p&)

9 strokes
(5) ;&>, mingpian

& —* $ + n 6 strokes

-93
 (6) fT a

fT 10 strokes

(zlzipcing) (the "son" side) (The horizontal stroke ill the character " - f " is written as of

an upward stroke, when the character becomes die left side component another

character.) 7 3 strokes

(fdnwenpdng) (the ''tapping" side) (The dot in " £ " is written as downward " 7
'■, a

stroke to the led, when the character becomes the right component
7 A
side ol another chamclcr)
5 JL 4 strokes 4

strokes 2
(shOUZltOU) ( t h e "acceptance" top)
strokes
(tubdogdi) (die "bald cover" top)
Lesson 7

(7) 4?Ui jicioshou x

Of
* + + k 11 strokes

■> i +f ' ^ 11 strokes

(8) Ding Libo

8 strokes

(9) zhang

7 strokes

(The meaning side is " % " , and the phonetic side is "-£".)

zhuT / 4 f ff f # # 8 strokes

(10) i# shei (#)

10 strokes
1
^ (jiaosipang) ( $ ) (the "floss silk" side) t 3 strokes

(li) Jt% jieshdo (VMS)

f 77 + a 8 strokes

(baogditoij)(the "roof" top) (12)

mingzi

- 94 -
 ;> — ^» + .y- 3 strokes

(13) baba

& -> X 8 strokes

("SC." suggests the meaning and

denotes the pronunciation.)

(tuweiyang) * 6 strokes
Sf j£

(14) meishu měishù

美
měi
1.to be pleased with oneself 2.abbr. for 美 國 / 美 国 3.to beautify 4.very
satisfactory 5.America 6.abbr. for 美 洲 7.beautiful,
pretty 8.beautiful 9.USA 10.American 11.good 12.the
Americas 13.pleasing 14.Semantic variant of 羙

术美術
 Bookmark
 Add to Skritter

9 strokes

(15) Jidnddd

j]V —► + a 5 strokes

—-}- H + "f" 10 strokes

(Hands joined together to denote the meaning of "taking".)

Cultural Notes
■
-95-
 Personal Names

Like most names in the world, Chinese names are made up of two parts: family names (xing) and given names
(ming). While family names generally come from the father's side (nowadays we also find family names which come
from the mother's side), parents choose given names for their children. In contrast to names in most European languages,
where the surname usually follows the given name, family names always precede given names in Chinese. In the
mainland, women retain their family names after marriage.

-96-
 There are over a thousand Chinese family names. Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, and Liu are among the most popular,
with about seventy million Zhangs exceeding all others.
The majority of family names in Chinese consist of a single character, but there are some, such as Ouyang and
Sima, that have two, and hence are known as disyllabic or double-character family names (Juxing). On the other hand,
it is common to have single-character or double-character given names, such as in Song Hua and Lu Yuping. Due to the
limited number of family names and shortness of given names, it is not unusual for people to have identical names in
China.

-97-
 This lesson will teach you how to describe your
family members, and how to talk about your university
and department. You will learn how to count to one
hundred, and ask questions related to numbers and
amount. Finally, we will introduce you to measure words,
a grammatical category particularly well-developed in the
Chinese language.

AS Lesson 8
mi
Nlmen kdu
ren

i.Q
you

Text

Lin Na
it AXA % MX?
Zhe shi bu shi nlmen jid de zhdopidn?

Wdng Xidoyun: Shi a.

# *P: * -To £ t Jl & A?

Lin Nd: Wd kdn yixid. NTmen jid ydu ji kdu ren?

-98-
Wdng Xiaoyun.- Women jid ydu si kdu ren. Zhe shi wd babcu wd mama, zhe shi wd gege

he wd. NTmen jid ne?

fa n-. A t ww, t - ^ t & u f a ^ ^ % f r 0 ®

Lin N d ; Wo you mama, you yi ge jiejie he lidng ge dial

A^ % % v A.0
Women jia yigong you liu kou ren.

i 'b^i it i1 P A, € t f ? ® Wang Xiaoyun:

Zhe shi wu kou ren, hai you shei?

fa if: a£ # J3 I o
Lin N a : Hai you Beibei.

-i ' h ^r : JPd JXI A ft p3?

Wdng Xidoyun: Beibei shi nT meimei m a ?

fa JO A*# #j0
Lin N d : Bu, Beibei shi wo de xiao gdu.

i 'h«r: 'J- #J A — cr A. *%? Wdng Xiaoyun: Xiao gdu ye shi

yi kou ren ma?

fa *p: jxi jxi a Ain m &, A iMi

Lin N d : Beibei shi women de hdo pengyou ,ddngrdn shi women

% #i A.0 A t " JO &J flM,

#*0
jia de ren. Wo you yi zhang Beibei de zhdopidn, nT kdn.

Wdng XiaoyCin; Zher k e ' d i .

fa *p: ftln %% *b %}
Lin N d ; Nimen jia you xiao gdu m a ?

i ' b ^ i Ain % &t 'b ffio fa *P, # t >£^T % Wdng Xidoyun-.

Women jia meiyou xiao gou. Lin N d , nT you meiyou nan

pengyou?

fan, A t M M&o
Lin N d : Wd you nan pengyou.

i 'b^x % ®L ft'A x # ? Wdng

Xidoyun: Td zuo shenme gongzud?

fa if: %A iio

-99-
Lin N d : Td shi yi'sheng.

1. ^ N jiO family, home ^{flit, M M , iMM

2. JLt QPr jT how many, how much

* 3 . M kOU (a measure word mainly for the number of people

in a family) Jin A , 3L P A
4. E>t N Zhdopidn picture, photo $ f M > f , $in^M>T
5. ?fc Conj he and ^f t l ^, ^iffiHc, ^Pftk
6. ^ M ge (a measure word for general use)

JL^%%, -t'WJZ., -t^M^, A ^

7. ^UtH. N jiejie elder sister

8. $j Nu lidng two W P A , ffl^M., M^M,

* 9. ^> N didi younger brother

10. ££ Adv hdi in addition , , JSiAiR, 2S^>!

11. —Adv yigdng altogether — M AP A

12. N meimei younger sister

13. >h A XidO little, small /J^H, /^WW

14. $j N gdu dog />|&.#JB/M&

15. $1 M Zhdng (a measure word for flat objects) W^cMJt ,-^£>T "
16. A ddngrdn as it should be; only natural that ^ M H , =^M£
17. $- A/Adv Zhen real/really Mft, K'lt, X K X , JtB
18. Tit A ke'di *nj^,
lovely, cute ajgft j f l JU , nJllfMJt It V

di to love %%%Wm
19. }it Adv mei not

*20. % A ndn male J § ^£ ,

21. #L V ZUO to do; to make

22. X^t V/N gdngZUO to work/work ^fftlfp, Mt-^Ift

23. _3L>h:2r PN Wdng Xiaoyun ( name of a Chinese student)

24. $ $ PN Beibei (name of a dog)

<5>
fa i f : \%t X ^ X?
Lin N d ; Yuydn Xueyudn dd bu da?

Wdng Xidoyun; Bu tdi dd

-100-
fan-. i%% %m t $ y ^ *?
Lin N d : Yuydn Xueyudn you duoshao ge xi?

Wdng Xidoyun-. You shi'er ge xi.

fa if: ^ 4Mn *

Lin N d : NT xThuan nTmen Wdiyu xi ma?

Wdng Xidoyun; Wd hen xThuan Wdiyu xi.

fa if-. «i & % $y %m
Lin N d : NTmen Wdiyu xi you duoshao IdoshT?

i ' h - ^: % % x - j -yv ^ til +— ^

Wdng Xidoyun.- Wdiyu xi you ershibd ge Zhonggud IdoshT, shfyT ge wdiguo IdoshT.

NTmen xi ne?

fa i f : 4Un %m x0 Ain * # ^ & #

Lin Nd: Women Hdnyu xi hen dd. Women xi de IdoshT ye hen

duo, you yibdi ge. Tdmen dou shi Zhonggud ren. Women xi meiyou

wdiguo IdoshT.

New Words

1. X A dd big, large , X«
QPr duoshao how many, how much ^'P X. , ^'PW^k
A duo many, much
$
3.
y A
V
shdo
xThuan
few, less
to like, to prefer Ho&flUg, W$M%
*4. N wdiyu foreign language ^hin^
N wdi outside
N yu language
5. N wdigud foreign country ^MSA,
6. If Nu bdi hundred — , , ~

Supplementary Words
1. 4 N one car; vehicle

-101-
2. 15jJ& N cididn dictionary
3. % M N didnndo
N computer
4. hdizi
child
5. ^ N yeye grandfather on the father's side
6. ^> N wdigong grandfather on the mother's side
7. N xizhuren chairman of the department
8. N zhujido teaching assistant
9. #ff N lushT lawyer
10. X^ElJifi N gongchengshT engineer

z. a 4*
f
i- Notes

CD jlWo
"I'M" is a modal particle expressing affirmation.

(D fWWfflU
The conjunction "^0" is generally used to connect pronouns, nouns, or noun phrases, e.g.
u t u
ifoW1&"/ W$^%%'\ &in%MWMN%M"- 'W cannot be used to connect two
clauses, and is seldom used to connect two verbs.

When the numeral "2" is used with a measure word in Chinese, the character is
used instead of "Z". For example: "[l,j^ M JT * " , " W ^h A " (we do not say " H jrfe M )f ",
"H^A " ) . When the numeral "2" is used alone, as in " — ■ , ZL , EL , , or when it is
used in a multi-digit number, we still use even if it is followed by a measure word.
For example: " + " A + - ^A " ,
One of the uses of ")'S" is to make an additional remark. For example:

The adverb"X" can be used in a negative construction. "d^ X " means "T-'fJl"'", so "^FXX" means
"T-iHX", d "T-Xtt" means "T^Mft"- However, when "X" is used in an affirmative construction, such
an

as " X X ( T ) " , " X ^ C T ) " or " X f £ ( T ) " , it often means "too much" or "excessively".

^S-§teffl Drills and Practice

KEY SENTENCES
i . 4Mn£ # / L n A ?

3. f o %%L% % M X 7
4. & « J W £ 0

-102-
 5. # . ^t ^x # ?

7. ^A.^tl=t^

1- 3l&^IT?!li^^. Master the following phrases

(1) $^in% ^Mn& 4Un#F£ lUn^M

\^in% % i n & i&in%?& % i n % n

( 2 ) &^Hr
4t>^ 4f^#
(3) t^^^ t ^ # £ ts^ii ^ nm t ^ ® & !k ^ m x

tYmJtn *MHJWA *MH4*U£ *hg|]££

(4) ^ n & f t ' b m 4an ^ i n ^ ^ ^ m ^ n

¥j m % % in % ^ j& # ^ in w it in &¥j^®% w

(5) 4an$.faifrin& &in%^^%nfaifin&tf)%n

ifinfai&in v5Li£%fafatH&%?& } & - ^] % # # £ f a * H -g-^Gt# J ^£

-103-
 (6) 2P A 4a A
12«>i 23«>}
104- &

2 ^« f e 5v A
70&;&>t
8oA
ioo&;&#
9004-f ^ .
37^A

2. Pattern drills

(1) A: ^W^tf^?
4(che)
^M(didnndo)
»U£ - i 5 ] $ - ( c i d i d n )

(2) A: t m ^ ?

B: 4 $ J W i L o
& # t

^-^-(hdizi)
A: 4& # / L > r t ^ $ i L ?
B: ^ ^ ^ ^t S l ^ A o
(3) A: £ *h SI ^ 3
2
B: ^^n ^ ^ ^ m f ^^A ^ o
A: 4 f c f a & t £ ' y f i \ - ® % £ ? 7
i#/4t(zhujido)
t 15
B: 4Mn&#20>Mr] ! | # £ o
(4) A: 4 H l £ # / L t f A ? 5
B: ^ ^| 6 o A „ 3 il^KJizhe)
A: 4 # ^( l u s h l )
B: %Jkmto

( 5 ) A: iMl^fX^-f ( h d i z i ) ? 3 1 2
4 2 2
B: ^^n^^^-f-^M^ ^ ^ o
A: 5 2 3

3. -^^^N^P ^MSfclf^iS Solve the following math problems verbally

( 1 ) E.g. 1+2=? A : — Mjia, plus)—^.^ :>'?

3+7=?

-104-
 28+22=?
42+35=?
56+12=?
68+32=?

(2) E.g. 15-12=? A : -ri;iUJian, minus)-]- — >yi

B: -fi^ + .^AXo
36-16=? 47-29=?
53-38=? 90-69=?
100-12=?

( 3 ) E.g. 4x3=? A; E?|L(cheng, times) :>*?

B: W $i2- & - f ~ 0
4x5=? 3x9=?
6x7=? 8x4=?
9x8=?

4. ^M^N^f Conversation practice

[ij&MCJ&E Talking ab o ut one's family] (1) A:
4Mn£# / LP A?

B : ____________________ _ 0

A : - f c ^&^-f ^

B : 4^T_ _____________ o
A: —^ _____________________________ o

( 2 ) A : ^# ^d ^f c f l - & X # ?

B: &&&&
o
A: &&&& ___________ ,m % T 3 - ^ o
( 3 ) A : M - f ^+ ^x ^?

B: fo&$£. 0
A : #,#>M-r£^-Jk?
B : 4&f 3 _ ________ o

[ ijfcTalking about one's university]

( 1 ) A : ^Mn^Bfc*.**.?
B : _____________________________ _ 0

A : f T f ] f P ^| ^( t ) - l ?
B : __________________________________ .o

-105-
 A : # C l ^[ % ^f ^( + ) - f ik?
B : _____________________________ o

A : ^ - l - ^ ^ ^ - i k ^?
B : &£&-i- j f c 0

(2) A:

B : 4Un& 6 t £ ^ _____________ _ 0

A: ^ n^^ it i^ ^? B:
&fa&%*\>m%n 0

B : 4Un& ^ h ^ £ « ^ o

( 3 ) A : MSUg-fcttf £ ^ 7 f £?

B : 4^ ' ] $ ^ ^ X _______________________ c

A: 4Mn&#H
B: ) x « \ ^( f ) x _

a : # 4. >f .§. jjfe. ^ in % ?

B: &«2to
5. ^(^^5 Communication exercises
( 1 ) Introd uce your family to your good friend.
( 2 ) Talk about your friend's family.
( 3 ) One of your friends inquires about your department. How do you answer him/her?

E3- l^li^fDfl]^ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

(nidn, year)if (qidn, ag o) if } &fc fo ^ Xi M ?sT^ , % $ H ^ , T ^ ^ > J &i £

(YTngyu, English) ^ 25U#0

^f 0 ^T ^ ^ ^ ^ ^, # # ^ ^ ^( B e i j T n g ) 0 T ^7>&Ai# ^# F £

# 3 ^ it^ ik, >fe# # tft -f ik A^*(jTngji) o r&1^^h-^(wdipd)^/£;ih^0

^Ml^'fCchdngchdng, often

XL- 1 Grammar
1. 11—100WI5t|fc^ Numbers from 11 to 100
11 12 -f-- 13 -f- H ................ 19 20 Z1+ 30
21 22 Zl+Zl 23 Zl+ H ..................... 29 —+71 H + 40 0 +
31 H -h— 32 H + — 33 H + H ............................ 39 =+71
i i i i
i i i i
i i i i
i i i i
90 7L+
i i i i

100 - H
81 A+ - 82 A+ - 83 A + H ................................. 89 AT7L
91 7L+- 92 71+- 93 7L + H .............................. 99 Tl + TL

2. l&Si^f^^M Numeral-measure words as attributives

In modern Chinese, a numeral alone cannot directly function as an attributive to modify a noun but must be
combined with a measure word. All nouns have their own particular measure words. -104-
 Nu + M + N
E P A
- ^
mm +- -r
^ -+ &
" " is the most commonly used measure word, applied before nouns referring to
people, things, and units. (It is read in the neutral tone). " jr|£" is usually used before
nouns of objects with a flat surface such as paper, photographs, and business cards. The
measure word " P " is used to express the number of people in a family when it is combined
with "A"- For example: " H P A"• In other cases, "4"" should be used. For example;
OTfc+^A." One cannot say + PA."

3. "W"^ Sentences with w^f"

The sentence taking the verb " " as the main element of the predicate usually
expresses possession. Its negative form is formed by adding the adverb before " W
"■
(Note: "^P" cannot be used here.) Its V-not-V form is "^IS L ^'''' .

&)+ t + o
Subject Predicate
mm o pt
ft
m m
fa ti n,?
fa mm B HJ t?

ill a ^ f^t %
nam >m
faiilM mm

If the subject of a sentence with is a noun indicating a work unit, place or

location, this kind of sentence with " ^ " is similar to the English sentence pattern of "There is / are...".

4. m "JL"jfc"£'J>"MH Questions with "Jl" or

The question pronouns "JL" and are used to ask about numbers. " JL" is often
used to ask about numbers less than 10, and a measure word is needed between it and the
noun. may be used to ask about any number, and the measure word after it is op-
tional.
JL + M +N (+M) + N
mii^jlpa? mmM&,j?^W'&.

-108-
 7v Chinese Characters
JR^
1. R^^^Hl (1) Structure of Chinese characters(l)
Structurally speaking, Chinese characters fall into two categories: The single-component characters and the
multi-component characters. All of the basic Chinese characters we have learned so far are simple-component characters,
such as " A " , "+ "ZJ",
"H",
"0", "T"". The multi-component characters consist of two
"Jt",
or more components, such as "^t", "j^", "if]", "W, "iH". The order of
writing
components in a character is similar to the stroke order of writing a character. There are three basic types of
configuration for multi-component characters: The left-right structure CD
a. Equal left-right; (the numbers in the figure indicate the order of writing the components.)

m
b. Small left-big right

2
7%. 1
3

c. Big left-small right

1
3
2
2. i^2f5£$£Jt^" Learn and write basic Chinese characters
(1) M&) ) A,
jT how many 2 strokes

ft

(2) ft-
he standing grain
^ f ft ft^
5 strokes %
(3) ^ e f @ ) ^
ge (measure word) 3 strokes

(4) $j
liang two 7 strokes

(5) ^ " ^ f % ^ qu
an
wei have not 5 strokes do
g

(6) it - jr X X (7) (*) " -^^-^r

-109-
 yun clouds 4 strokes

1
1
(8> ^

i
i at
Shao few; less 4 strokes

(9) -±r -—H-Jr

shl person 3 strokes

y
(io) £
qian to owe 4 strokes

XT evening 3 strokes I V /"\

d2) h Ih
bu divination • 2 strokes

(13) "S" ( —+
bai hundred 6 strokes

3. iMfiSUt,:r1lHj?5t.^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
^ Shl 'r H C^l- 7 strokes

-110-
 (The "roof top", denotes a hut. A hut with a pig
represents a house. The character " % " reflects the history of the ancient Chinese people advancing from
hunting to animal husbandly.)

(sidictncl!) (The character "^C" is written as " " at the bottom of a multi-componenl

character, and is called the "four-dots" bottom.) ' " 4 strokes

(2) zhdopidn

~^ 9 + 7J + & + 13 strokes
(The meaning part is " E I " , and the phonetic part is "-§".)

(3) ifc he
3p ^ i 8 strokes

(dizitou) (the "younger-brother" top) 2 strokes

(4) didi
jf? ( " ^^^) 7 strokes

( 5 ) i£ hdi (it)

7 strokes

(6) yigdng

6 strokes

(7) Jtfc-tfc meimei

8 strokes
(The "female" side "i " , indicates the character has a feminine connotation.)

q (qudnzipdng)( t h e "dog" side) y

jI 3 strokes

(baozilou) (the "wrapping" top) 7 Z7 2 strokes

(8) %j gdu

$J -> | + .7 + 8 strokes
( " X " is the original character for It is written as " <f " on the left side of
characters indicating animals.)

-111-
 (dangzitOU) (the "matching" top) 3 strokes 3

3 (hengshan) -7 -7 3 (9) U & strokes

ddngrdn

3 ^7 ^ ' ~H 23 6 strokes

—* ^ + 1" 'N<> 12 strokes

(The combination of a "flesh" side, a "dog" side and a "fire" side, indicating
"to roast dog meat over the fire", produces the character, which originally
meant "burning". Now this character carries other meanings.)

( i o ) A zhen

*- 10 strokes

( l i ) ^T J L ke'di ( T t )

r X 10 strokes

4 stroke:-.

(12) >£. mei

; 1 n-
7 strokes

(13) % nan ®-

7 strokes

(14) ZUO

* f + * + £ 11 strokes

zhd 5 strokes
(15) X 'ft gongzud
^ —► >f +^ 7 strokes

(16) £ 'jr duoshao

6 strokes

-112-
(17) -f-sfc. xThuan ( 4- $.)

+
+ 12 strokes

(18) wdiyu (*hi§-)

5 strokes

Forms of Address for Family and Relatives

While the Chinese words for "mother", "father", "son", and "daughter" are used in ways similar to what we find in
English, addressing siblings and relatives is fairly complex in Chinese. Two principles govern how Chinese family
members are addressed: 1) relatives on the paternal side are distinguished from those on the mother's side; and 2) age
relative to the speaker is taken into consideration.
The English words "grandfather" and "grandmother" can refer to grandparents on either the father's or mother's
side. In Chinese, on the other hand, one has to indicate whether they are the father's or the mother's parents. The parents
of one's father are zufu "grandfather" and zumu "grandmother" and are informally called yeye "grandpa" and nainai
"grandma". However, the terms for one's mother's parents are waizufu "maternal grandfather" and waizumu "maternal
grandmother", and in spoken Chinese, waigong (or laoye), and waipo (or laolao), meaning literally "maternal grandpa"
and "maternal grandma" respectively.
In Chinese special terms indicate whether siblings are older or younger than the speaker. For instance, instead of a
term equivalent to the English "brother", Chinese has gege "elder brother" and didi "younger brother". Similarly, "elder
sister" is jiejie, and "younger sister" is meimei. In Chinese, one must always be sure to differentiate between elder and
younger siblings and use the correct term.

-113-
 Have you ever wondered how Chinese celebrate their birthdays? In
this lesson we will talk about birthday customs in China, and you will learn
how to ask the age and birthplace of others. You will begin learning the
days, weeks, months, and years in Chinese, and look at the Chinese zodiac
animals, a remarkable creation of Chinese culture.

%&TiiW Lesson 9
-7
Ta iTnnian ershi sul

Text

Wdng Xidoyun: Lin Nd, nT zenmeydng? Mdng bu mdng?

ft *p: & 4-A ^ 'lt0

Lin Nd: Wd jTntian hen mdng.

Wdng Xidoyun: Mingtian shdngwu nT ydu meiydu ke?

ft & J.^ /L?

Lin Nd: Mingtian shi xTngqT jT?

Wang Xiaoyun: Mingtian shi xTngqlsi.

ft *P: * Ji^K T ^r # ^ i^ c
Lin Nd: Wo shdngwu, xidwu ddu ydu ke. J [jt^J Making
7 an

appointment

Wdng Xiaoyun NT xTngqTri ydu shijidn ma? ®

Lin Nd: XTngqTri shi jT hdo?

-114-
 Wdng Xidoyun-. XTngqTri shi shiyue ershiqT hdo, shi Song Hud de sheng

ft ^: A 4& ^ X? ®

Lin Nd; Shi ma? Td jTnnidn dud dd?

Wdng Xidoyun: Song Hud yT jiu ba er nidn shiyue ershiqT

ri chusheng,

shu gdu. Td jTnnidn ershi sui,.

ft tfb i f JLA? ®
Lin Nd: Td shi ndr ren?

Wdng Xidoyun: Td shi Beijing ren. Td bdba, mama ddu zdi Beijing.

t+ 4Un %-~^$i4t, fort

XTngqTri xidwu women ydu yi ge juhui, zhuhe td de

shengri. Libd, Ddwei ddu qu, ni cdnjid bu cdnjid?

ft X ^ T ! A, tUl A. ^EJ
Lin Nd: Tdi hdo le! Wd ddngrdn cdnjid. Zhdnggud ren shengri

chT ddngdo ma? Wdng

Xidoyun: ChT ddngdo.

ft ^: A % - ^ X *f *%?
Lin Nd: Wd mdi yi ge dd ddngdo, hdo ma?
i > b ^ : #r fTo A% ft %L Ixf ^> $ 0 Wang Xidoyun: Hdo a. Wd mdi
lidng ping hdngputaojiu.

^■•jjjj New Words

6. N
1. N
7. Jl^p- N JL N
N
8. f + NT N
2. ^ M

*3. QPr

*4. N

5. if. N

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 9. ei N

* 10. -f-l i . £9 N jTnnian this year

N nidn year 2002^, 2000^, 19983s — % M¥

V sui year (of age) 5^, , H+A^
12. 13.
IE zenmeydng how is - ^ ^ # , im^w
Adv jTntian today 4>^'±4n ^HFf
14. 4 15.
A ke class; lesson W W , SUfrW, 3tibW, WW

V xTngql week M f f l - , mmii, -tm

V shdngwu morning Bf^±^, —+±ZF

V shdng above; last ±M8|, ± M $ A, ±+£

N xidwu afternoon BJ^cT^ P , —+T~?

N xid below; next TM M , T11S, T ^ M
V xTngqTri Sunday S$ 0 ± ^ , M.M 0 T^F
hdo day of the month EB^, —%

shengri birthday 0 , ^+^£0

sheng to be born

duo dd how old 4^^;*;

duo how

dd i old

chusheng to be born 1982^ ft ^ to go out; to come out to be

chu shu juhui born in the year of JH^iJ, H-^j get-together;

hui party 0 meeting

zhuhe zhu to congratulate M^t^. 0 to

wish

16.
-116-
V
17. V cdnjid to buy i ^MWs
1= 18. T Pt le
19. V chT bottle — fc|C
20. N ddngdo red wine ~W<£MWM
N dan
N gdo red
21. ^ V mdi
22. ^ M ping grape
23. &.J5^ffigj N hdngputaojiu wine or liquor
A hong
N putao
N jiu (name of a Chinese student) Beijing
*24. 5f^#- PN Song Hud
25. jh^c PN Beijing
to participate; to attend (modal partical/aspect partical)

to eat

cake -^mm,
egg cake
 «o « * mi A m ft O

Song Hud:
Xiexie. Ddngdo zhen pidoliang. NTmen I d i , wd hen gdoxing. JTntidn
Md Ddwei
women chT Beijing kdoyd. Wo

hen xThuan chT

kdoya. Women he shenme jiu?

DTng Libo: Dangrdn he hdngputaojiu, women hdi chT shoumidn.

Wdng Xidoyun ChT shoumidn? Zhen you yisi.

if: v
#■ * p , ft &} ± n A ^ ZJl Lin N d ,
Lin N d : nT de shengri shi nd tidn?

* + -ft +- -to
ShiyTyue s h f ' e r hdo.
Song H u d : Lin -t—;=! -t-- -f- 4Mn # * #r^G
Hdo, shiyTyue shi'er hdo women zdi Idi chT shoumidn.
N d : Song Hud:

New Words
£13
1 . tt f t A k ud ile
Z- /rrc 7C A p id o li a n g happy £0
3. N kd o yd
N yd
pretty,beautiful; nice M ^ t f o 'bM., )
4 pj| V he
5- # Adv zd i
6 . #rj^ N s ho u mid n
roast duck Z ^^ t I , fam% duck
Tig N mi d n
to drink P J J lifiM, P -lMKkQfei)

again , #3? , ,

S ho u mid n (birthday) longevity noodles

t f e ^ M noodles FfeM

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 1. N wdnshang evening
2. t* N zhongcan Chinese food
3. N xTcdn Western food
4. N end tea
5. N kele coke
6. N xuebl Sprite
7. N pijiu beer
8. N hdnbdo hamburger
9. N regou hotdog
10. N midnbao bread
11. N niundi milk
12. N mlfdn (cooked) rice

Notes
0)
This is also a form of greeting used among acquaintances and friends, and is similar to

The phrase "3%^? " does not raise a question here, but expresses mild surprise on the part of the speaker concerning
something that he/she does not know. For example;
A: rtJimnnm ^m ^ t M o
B: ^7
Sometimes it expresses doubt, or modesty when receiving praise. (Sec Lesson Eleven.)

® i^m.k?
Here is an adverb, followed by an adjective. The phrase "0. + V" is used to
raise a question, and in this case "7v" refers to age.
In asking about age in Chinese, one has to choose different forms for different groups of people. "j/R^ ^ ^ ^ v ? "
can only be used to ask the age of an adult, or people of the same generation as the speaker. When asking the age of
a child, we usually say " f^4"^Fih
/
'4/ ? ", and when asking the age of an elderly person or those older than
the speaker, a more polite form has to be used, which will be taught in Lesson Eleven.

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C4) ^^-.7lA-¥-h>J--h-L: H l i i ' K . M ^
It is customary for the Chinese to designate one's year of birth according to twelve animals, which are arranged in

the following order: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. These form a

twelve-year cycle. For example, the year 1982, 1994 and 2006 are all designated "dog" years. The people who are bom in

these years are said to "belong to the year of dog", which, in Chinese, is written as " H $J". The years 1988, 2000 and
2012 are dragon years. Those who are born in these years all "JM".

This is an expression usually used to ask someone's place of birth. It can also be said as "fikffllULA ? " , with

" ^ " omitted; and in answering "SIIUL", it is usually necessary to specify a province, city, or county. When

asking about nationality, we use the expression

"APSA ? "

This is a familiar form of expression used to give greetings to someone on his/her birth-

day. "Iff, j$$• ■ is used to express good wishes, sometimes with the implication of "congratu-

lating in advance", whereas ■ ••" is commonly used to congratulate someone on some-

thing that is already known or has already occurred. For example:

A : ^TM^A^nM(jiehun, to get married) 0

B:

A verb or a verbal phrase can funtion as the object of the predicative verb. For example;

When celebrating birthdays, a traditional Chinese custom is to eat "longevity noodles". The length of noodles

symbolizes "longevity".
 KEY SENTENCES
1. *M^F-£x?
2. ^4-+^*
3. ^EJ^/L-f-?

6. ^ ^ - ^A ^ ^, ^ ^?
7. H4EWtii*ffe0
8. £ EI j£ $ !

1. ^ft^T?!li^S Master the following phrases

( 1 ) 4^_L^f B MT^- JLj^v-fJi^- Ji^^ J ^ M ^-T^

L

( 2 ) — r t ^ O ^i f c ' t — A^vS-^f >J»U# -A^O^x ^

(3) &iM>%i%m i-tiA ^.^mx ->h*.# -^n^

(4) £4^4lEJ ^^JXEJ t f L f t t f j f (t&- fa^tf&m i'h^^pg

(5) riEJ ^m %L$j%® &t'%Vk

2. fc}m$& Pattern drills

2002 2002 2002
( 1 ) A: ^^(/L^/L^?
B: H i i - ^ A f 0 A:

B: B ^UIMO
B 27 m n \6 m r, 3i m

( 2 ) A: X ^ jL-f-^^j%^? 2J!
- - H HE 7N H
B: ^ I f ^ l I l ^ l l l A o
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A: JJL^M&W? 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

B: ^X^«,TT">it«o 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28

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 ( 3 ) A: g . M * & J H J f r !
B: iycm^ ^ o
B: M.MXJL -r-ft-f' k - f o ^^'KJTngju)
A: &M &tfL®Ltf & ? B:
M.M E)
tiL- k M A & c

( 4 ) A: ^^SL^'It^'lt?
M EI
B:

4MJMMM*
0
A: ^J . ^A , ^0 t l ^?
B: ^.JJliT^i^-BtlBlo

( 5 ) A: f c J l J f & & t r !

B: ^.T ^-HMo A: T
fi~Jf&M.MJl'? B:
T^-^^LM-O
19 1 ^ 6 EI
20 3 ^ 12 EI
( 6 ) A: 4f>4^J ^? 22 4 ^ 22 - f
B: 44^21 ^ G
A: ^f f t x E J ^A ? B:
4 ^£ E J ^8 ^3 1 ^ 0 _h>^r(Shdnghdi) ^-f
i^(Wengehud)
(Dudlundud) (Niuyue)
( 7 ) A: ^ ^P J L A ?
teffc(Lundun)
B: 4 ^4 b ^X 0
A: jbjC

( 8 ) A: f a ^ f a W f L t f ) $ t &*2i'?
^ ^L T f t ( k e l e ) i^j5L^(hdnbdo)
B: 4 ^, ^ ^o ^-#&HrJt ( x u e b i ) yv^^^(regdu)
A: ^^MixMl,^? A-#Lp-^-;§ ( p f j i u ) fe(midnbdo)

B: tf°H ,&%ri ±MkMio

3. P33ifT#)NlI Answer the following questions
( 1 ) -^#/L>M?
(2) - *% £ >y + M.tol

(3) - ^ M ^/L*? (4)

(5) ■j—n%Jl^M-M $L'?

-122-
 (6) M/L?
(7) M^/L-f-?
(8)
(9) if4-&.*ttt 'Al
(10) ^-i-^^-^(cha)^?

4- Conversation practice
[ i ^l z t Making an appointment]

( 1 ) A:

'It^-lt?

B: _______________ o

A; M i T ^^ nt ^ ? ^MH* ______________________
B: £# 7 , ^&* 0
(2) A : - t X - f # ^- H t f H l ^ ?

B; -jr~^&M.M -H-^?
A: T^,-t-x-f- ^J . ^E g o fa*!

B: ^t^^(duibuql), _____________________ , ,J<{H6 (kongpd)^#(xing)0

A : }£^,^(mei gudnxi) 0

[ |o ]^i§7^P tb jtMll Asking about someone's age and birthplace]

( 1 ) A : #.4- - f - £ * L ?
B: ^ - ^ - f - , Y ( ^) 0

A: ^^^-EI^p^?

B: 4^ ^ & # £ - 9 o A :
%L 4fc £. $ - }k fc ! B: -ifito
(2) A: M A ^ J I X ' ?

B: 4l^J^(Shanghai)A0

A : #^^^Ji^-3/?
B: T,i Ml $ L & ____________ o
A : 4Mn4W*.s,? B:

«mmi^«O

(3) A: Ifc-f-f-^^-t(haizi)^?

B: fo^— A- k & ^ o

A ; #^^JL^?

B: ______________ o

-123-
 [ ^ 5 ; ^J£ P Celebrating someone's birthday]

( 1 ) A : T M i ^ ^ ^E J ,4Hn^ S ^o«^*?
B: & % & f c Q __________
A: _________ o

(2) A : ^^^^4. EI ,#Mfc£ - E J ' ] & £ !

B: «D flU.M ^o

5. 5! P?fti£ Communication exercises

Your friend is trying to make an appointment with you. Please reply according to your schedule for next
week;

m m- M$ 0

da qiu £0
&± youyong jTngju
wanshang
23- iSSiSSURli Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

fc^^frOTngjl) & ft ,, 1982^ tb r±Q 4^4+ ^ -H"

1. > H ^lSS9 Expressing the date and days of the week

-124-
 In Chinese, the four figures making up the name of a year are read out as four sepa-
rate numbers and is put at the end. For example;
—%%A^ yT jiu jiu bd nidn
lOOO^ er ling ling ling nidn
lOOl^ er Ifng ling er nidn
^O— O^- er ling yT ling nidn

The names of the 12 months are produced by combining the cardinal numbers 1 to 12 with " M " . For
example;
-bft

-J yTyue January qTyue July

An

-J eryue February bdyue August

HJ sdnyue March jiuyue September

raj siyue April +J shiyue October

£J wuyue May shiyTyue November

+- J
aj liuyue June +r ft shi'eryue December

-125-
 The names of the dates are produced by combining cardinal numbers 1 to 30 (or 31) with "-^-"(spoken form) or

" 0 " (written form). For example;

( ZL ft )/\^§- (eryue) Nu hdo February 6

( - f - j l) - h —(shiyue) shf'er hdo October 12

(+—^ )—+—0 (shiyTyue) ershi'er ri November 22

(+—J ) H -h— 0 (shi'eryue) sanshiyl rl December 31

If one mentions a date in the current month, one can omit " 1 1 " and simply say "•••-£§-". The cardinal numbers from 1 to

6 follow " M I S" to express Monday to Saturday. The name for Sunday is "J i Sf j A " (spoken form) or "Mf f l 0 " (written

form).
! 31 xTngqTwu Friday
Mffl— XlngqTyT Monday J
J7\ xTngqTliu 3 Saturday
IiZ XlngqT'er Tuesday J
0 xTngqTri Sunday
Sf f iH xTngqTsdn Wednesday ,

M LM H xTngqTsi Thursday

The word order for expressing the date and days of the week is;
¥ + 0 + M

ft + 2000^ 2. ^B#|BI^li^^f^^M Words expressing time as adverbials can function

Words expressing time, such as "JJfi^E", " ^A ",

12ftto indicate the time

"T ^F ", ft as adverbials 25 0of occurrence of an action or a state. Adverbials of time (Time-When) can
be placed either (1) after the subject and before the main element of the predicate or (2) before the subject to emphasize
the time.

S + TW + VO/A
Subject Predicate
TW V O/A
£0 m Co (^?

19824£10J1 27 0 A3,?
4^A
TW + s + VO/A
Time words Subject Predicate
V o / A

%
mn &
11^12^ mm
s*^
^A n 'Ito

Note; 1. Adverbials of time (Time-When) can never be placed after the predicative verb. For example, one cannot say
"^in^^tf -i^A"-2. If there is more than one word expressing time in one adverbial, a large unit of
time should be put before a smaller unit. For example: "fjf] A_t^p", "M.M 0 T"^p".

3. ^i^HUm^ Sentences with a nominal predicate

Nouns, noun phrases, and numeral-measure words can function directly as the predicate
of a sentence and do not need the verb This kind of sentence is especially used to ex-
press age, price (see Lesson 10), and so on. In spoken language, it is also used to express time (see Lesson 1 1 ) or
birth place.

S + Nu—M

Subject Predicate
Nu-M

-126-
4. m"W! "HfSj Using "#mi " to ask a question
Questions with " are often used to give a suggestion or to ask for an opinion.
The first part of such a question is a declarative sentence, and its last part can also be " H J

^H^Wtyouyong),^?

Some examples of affirmative answers are: " I f r M " , "A$JT".

-127-
 7X Chinese Characters
1. t5t^W^^(2) Structure of Chinese characters (2)
The left-right structure (2) a. Equal
left-middle-right

it *P

2. iMfil^tR.^' Learn and write basic Chinese characters

cn 4^
jin present day 4 strokes

(2) 4
nidn 6
year strokes

(3) ^
guo
fruit 8 strokes

/ /- A: /: A;

A n i3

(4) $r - R IT IT7 it
qi he(his); she(her)
7\
JTJTJT 8 strokes
(5) Jl 1
hjl
Shting above 3 strokes
(Placing "Ji" on top of "—" means "above".)

(6) ^ wu
noon 4 strokes

(7) + jt tb
chO to go/come out 5 strokes
(" U " denotes a cave, and " + " denotes one foot stepping out of the cave.)

(8) Sj (#)
mictn noodles 9 strokes

(9) r
 Shi corpse 3 strokes
("/*" denotes a dead body or a carcass.)

do) T T
(particle) 2 strokes

(ID & * ^ + * 4
chong insect; worm 6 strokes

-^p
(12)
er
ear
r
6 strokes
3
(13) £j to beg 3 strokes
#1
qi

(14) ijt ft 3%
ml rice 6 strokes
(The four dots in "ift" stand for grains of rice.)

(14) ^(41)
tOU head 5 strokes

d5) r JLJL
wo tile 4 strokes

3. iM|iJjUttf,|!Hj$tf? Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
(1) # SUI

6 strokes

(2) zenmeydng

9 strokes

10 strokes

-129-
 (3) # k& ( S f . )

ft. -* i + 10 strokes

(4) EJf t xTngq]

9 strokes

* *+ 12 strokes

^
(hdozidl) (the "number" bottom) 2 strokes

(5) -f- hao (!£)

5 strokes

(6) A shu ( 4 )

/* + - ■ * + 12 strokes

^K(juzidi) "Tf (7)

>A' 6 stroke;;

£^ j uhui (IHO

-> 4- + * -'- ^ ^ -> 14 strokes 6

^+^ strokes

A- (shi .7iodng)(lhe "manifestation" side) / 4* 4 strokes

(8) %L\ zhuhe

9 strokes 9

strokes

(9) chi

6 strokes
(to use mouth "a" to eat ""£,")

(piZltdu) (the "foot" top) 5 strokes

(10) ddngdo

& +* 11 strokes

^fi^x ^ if 4" ^> 16 strokes

(On the left side of a character, the sixth stroke in ">|x_" is written as a dot.)
(henggou) ( a horizontal stroke with a hook) 1 stroke

( 1 1) £ moi ( I )
^ + 6 strokes

-130-
( 12 ) #L ping

MJ —V ' 7T + Ri 10 strokes

( 1 3) £x hong

fen —► £ + x
CaOZlt6u)(the "grass" top ^— 3 strokes
7
Tf rf u ""TfTn"W"^"^" strokes
4t foil /
^ ^-A - ^ r ^ 6 strokes
( 1 4) f putao

+ 1 2 strokes

1 1 strokes

Hj ~ y6 u T WWW WW 7 strokes

( 1 5) >s jiu

Jj§] —>■ > + W 1 0 strokes

(SCinpier)(the ' ' t h r e e - d o w n w a i T l - K t r o k e s - t o - t h e - l e f l " side) y

^ ^ 3 strokes

( 16 ) cdnjid (^^p)
^ —* A + ^ + ^ 8 strokes

( 1 7) ^ Song Hud

yf^_ ^ T" 7 strokes

4^ —► 4t + "J" 6 strokes

^ t 1 J 3 strokes

( 1 8) jbi^ Beijing

d[ + I^i 5 strokes

-131-
 ~$ -> -2- + n + <h 8 strokes

^ ( j u e z i p d n g )(the "decision" side)

4 strokes
(19) kuaile

7 strokes

3&
^
(xiZltOU) (the "west" top) 6 strokes
(20) pidoliang

+ 14 strokes
r3* -------- ►
9 strokes

(21) if *pi, kaoya (if <f!|)

10 strokes
( 5 : " 5)

f4 ^ f + i7 10 strokes

(22) »^ he

i -f- l~ 12
strokes

(23) ^fij shoumidn ( # # )

-* A + -t 7 strokes
 Bargaining for discounts in China can make shopping quite a n
experience! This lesson will show you how Chinese currency is used. Now
is a chance to talk more about yourself: you will learn how to describe your
likes, interests, and hobbies. You will also learn what to do when you can't
think of the right thing to say.

+8g Lesson 1 0
n ft I*JL m yt&
Wd zdi zher mdi gudngpdn

Text

ft it) L ^ 4 t & ?
Wdng Xidoyun: Ddwei, nT zdi zher mdi shenme?

Md Ddwei; Wd mdi ylnyue gudngpdn.

f t , f f $L itJl ^ Ni
Wdng Xiaoyun. chdngchdng Idi zher ma?
-S,A^:
A^ f itJlo M.M^ 4i ft &
Md Ddwei:
Wd bu chdng Idi zher. XTngqTtidn wd chdngchdng gen

ft n & * b §»o
i it ^ %%> m A^G®
Lin Nd qu xido shdngchdng. Zhe ge shdngchdng hendd.

-133-
-i'h^T: ft ftyA ^rfc?
Wdng Xidoyun: NT xThuan shenme yinyue?

Md Ddwei
Wo xThuan Zhonggud yinyue

& & it A Zhe zhdng gudngpdn

zenmeydng?

i'h^r: 3* & ^ &

Wdng Xidoyun; Zhe zhdng hen hdo, shi (Liang Zhu» hen yduming

- ft , & £ & fc o it J i t % fa
Md Ddwei; Hdo,wo mdi zhe zhdng. Zher you meiyou shu he bdo?

Wdng Xidoyun: Zher meiyou shu, ye meiyou bdo.

Md Ddwei: Benzi ne?

i'h^T: #7l£G ^ * * % fc ^ - o
Wdng Xidoyun: You, zdi ndr mdi. Gen wd Idi, wd ye mdi benzi.

New Words

*.\. & 2. Prep Zdi at; in; on ^§£, ^gfiA&JL CD -Sfcftfi

fc& 3. N gudngpdn music W^7fc&, ^Mifc^hMifc

N yinyue market; bazaar; shopping mall ^.^i^], iSTtif®

4. N trade; commerce

shdngchdng often fltfllUR

5. N shdng often
3*
f 6. $L Adv chdngchdng with/to follow , , fiSSg

Adv chdng famous ^zttimm, ^&#m$L

7.
■43
8. ^ Prep/v gen book ^z®^,
A
9. * youming newspaper |£|fc} S4(x notebook —
N
10. shD -f-^TS 5^^P there M$)l, »JL
N
11. bdo
%f>)l N
benzi
Pr
12.
PN Lidng Zhu ( name of a Chinese violin concerto)

ndr

■ 13 4
 ShTfU: Xidnsheng, nin ydo shenme?

ft ft, ^ # o ® it A
DTng Lib6: NT hdo, shTfu. QTngwen, zhe shi shenme?

M * iUR *%? it A *iS^o Nin bu renshi ma?

ShTfU; Zhe shi xiangjiaopingguo.

& & W: it A- Ktk

DTng Libo: DuibuqT, wo shi wen: Zhe ge Hanyu zenme shuo?

ShTfu: A, nin shi wdigud ren. Nin zdi ndr gdngzud?

T J ] $ L: A & i&t #1%

DTng Libo: Wd zdi Yuydn Xueyudn xuexi,

m *^ a * &^* m
ShTfu: Nin xuexi Hanyu, shi bu shi? Nin gen wd xue, hen rdngyi

it ^ & "1 it & &

Zhe jido xiangjiao, zhe jido xiangjiaopingguo, zhe ye shi

pinggud, nd shi putao—

T 7v>&
DTng Libo; Xiangjiao, pinggud, xiangjiaopingguo---, yi jTn pinggud

£^ #L? [^?KlS] Shopping

® dudshao qidn?
- ft 2- %t ~ JL h \ o m ShTfu:
Yi jin sdn kudi er mdo qidn,

T J I $L X M #1 ^ A t o DTng Libo: Nin de

pinggud zhen gui.

-135-
 - A ^~ *^^f0li, Art
ShTfu: Yi jin sdn kudi er bu gui. Nin kdn, wd de pinggud dd. Hdo,

$t ^ JDML, -H. & 4^ - /to zud ge

pengyou, son kudi qidn yi jTn.

T -/t «
DTng Libd: Yi jin xidngjido duoshao qidn?

W(h fa tk-b^Li-fr — J T Y Z - t k ® . f a Ao
ShTfu: Liang kudi ql mdo wu fen yi jin, wu kudi qidn lidng jin.

T Jly$L: A % -H. /f « ^ ft if *jR ^o DTng Libd: Wd mdi sdn jin

xidngjido he lidng jin xidngjidopinggud.

ShTfu: Yigdng shfsi kudi qidn. Zdi song nin yi ge pinggud. Nin hdi

£R ^+^? ydo
shenme?

DTng Libo,- Bu ydo le, xiexie. Gei nT qidn.

Wf: ^, & ^A * 4^, * & & * #L

ShTfu: Hdo, nin gei wd ershi kudi qidn, wd zhdo nin liu kudi qidn.

Zdijidn.

DTng Libd: Zdijidn!

^^=j [New Won Is

*i. N xidnsheng Mr.; sh- &5fe£, £5fc£

*2. V ydO to want

3. jjip'ff- N
ShTfU master worker ftMffi, Ijjipfll
N
4. ^jR^f^. Xidngjidopinggud apple with a banana taste —fjgjj |3jfe#

N XidngjidO banana
N pinggud 18. V zhdo(qidn)
*5. IE duibuqi apple — ^^.^ I'm sony
6. QPr zenme
A rdngyi how fe^ftw
i. %h
8. ig^j N putao easy ^f|#^ , , K^-M , ^A ^ M
9 . 4% N qidn grape
10. f [ M jTn
money 0 -{p$k
ii. M kudi(qidn)
12. J L ( f t ) M mdo(qidn) (measure word of weight,equal to 500g)

13. - f A gul -Jf¥H, WJf«

14. $t V zud (measure word of basic Chinese monetary unit, equal to 10
is. M fen(qidn) %); dollar
16. iH V song
mm%, + - ^ , -+ftts
17. %k V gei

-136-
 (measure word of Chinese monetary unit, equal to (measure word of Chinese monetary unit,
1/10 ft); dime W€H, equal to 1/100 ft); cent -^VH, A#$!
expensive,precious ^fftjn, M M , ^FAjft, to give(as a present) j^SS, ^"ffi^M
^Fjn to give t&13S
to be; to make M^fflfc , to give change

Supplementary Words
1. 7U M yuan
2. J£ N bi (the same as "ft", but used in written language) pen
3. JL M zhl (measure word for stick-like things such as pens) (measure word
4. # M fen
5. M ben for publications such as newspapers) (measure word for books
6. # M bei and notebooks) cup of
7. N shduhudyudn
shop assistant; salesperson writer
8. ^ % N zudjid
9. A pidnyi cheap; inexpensive book
10. ^ N shudidn store gym to sell
11. fat 4$ N tlyugudn

z.
12. ^ V mdi

&
Notes

CD A k
When the demonstrative pronoun " " or " $p>" is used as an attributive, a measure word is generally inserted
between it and the noun it modifies. For instance: " j ^ ' i H ^ h M . " ,

In addition to being used as a general form of address for a male adult, " 9 c ! \ : . " can be used as a title of respect to
address a senior scholar or specialist, regardless of sex. Sometimes a woman also uses "-flof!." to refer to her husband.
The two expressions "f^Uff^? ", " i3S 51 ft" ^ ? "> are commonly used to ask what someone
wants. Shop clerks or hotel attendants often use these phrases when offering help to customers.

® ll,ifft
"Jl[|f|^-" is a respectful form of address for workers, and people in the service trades. It may be used to address taxi
and bus drivers, ticket sellers, cooks, and hotel staff. There is a tendency now to increase the range of its usage.
Sometimes the people mentioned above also use it to address people of other trades and professions.

"I am asking how to say this in Chinese. (What is this in Chinese? )"
"uL; ^\+ VP" is often used to ask about the ways one should act or how one should do
something. is an adverbial, modifying verbs. For example: "^g^ij^,? ""iig^?

• ■ • , >e ^ H ? " (or ^ll"/7") is a sentence pattern we use to express opinion or

-137-
speculation, with the expectation of a response from the listener. The affirmative answer to this question is "jeW! ", and
the negative answer is " A ^ i y r : ) " . For example;

A: imft^m^fc,)^-! B:

"How much is one jin of apples?

"—j I* ■ ■ ■ ^ " is a common sentence pattern we use to ask the price of something
when shopping. This is a sentence with the noun phrase as the predicate. The predicate {P^" is placed
immediately after the subject " — JT^I^"- Note that the first part (the subject) and the second part (the predicate) can
be inverted. We may also say:

A: g'jrm-fr&m?
B: Hftn-/To
Although the official Chinese system of weights and measures stipulates that " ^ fx (gongjTn, kilo)" is
the basic unit, people are still accustomed to using the "fx", which is equivalent to half a kilogram.
In a super market or department store, people do not usually bargain over the price, but when shopping in a free
market or at a stall, they frequently bargain.

The various monetary units in A K ff3 (Renminbi), the Chinese currency are; " J L
(yuan)", *'% (jiao) ", and u/
j} (fen)". In spoken Chinese, we often use "ft (kudi)"
for "TU", and " [':. ( 111 do)" for " f a " . When or is at the end, and
"^Hil" can be omitted. For example;
1.757E ----------- ft~fc%£(7H35)
4.80 tc ------- EftA(€!l)
Note; When "2%" is at the beginning of an amount of money, people say " I ' M ^ " . When "2%"
is at the end of an amount of money, the expression "~y y " is often used. For example:
0.22ju
eg) 7f .mTMm.
"No, thanks."

— ■ i^S-^teffl Drills and Practice

.................. • • • ■ ■ > ■ ■ • .

: KEY SENTENCES j 1.
ii^fW^ A O : 2.
-/r« J £:H}L?
3. ^^-b^i- ^ O : 4. f^f)Lift? \
5. ^ttm^^itJL : 6.
j 7. m ^ A ^-t^Ao 8.
j&^&i&fe&ijL'?
1. $kf£~F#Ii3JI& Master the following phrases

( 1) & ^# X it^A i£^#r)L it^^^L it^&i*

W f a & X $F>^M& #^'h&L WfoM

-138-
 W^&W " ^^^4 ^p ^- ^ik "f lp^^^l "JJ^^-f

(2) m\ *t%fc l fc x# iUM fc

(3) £ t S I ^ 3 £ *M H x# £i ^ x#

JSMH.^ *M l# s&^i & fc u - i -

2. Pattern drills

( 1 ) A: # ^ ^; L # g ? I --------------------------------- ]

B: &£-t-ft#r%» > J o A:

fo%>J4f
/ A^&'? B: &#3lM^Jk
0

A: 4H£

B: 4f^ o

(2) A: f^^^JLx^? B: H l ^ l i (shduhudyudn) jh^

fe^ J h ^ X ^ 0 #|i( z u 6 j i d )

A: 4»Mfc>rf & x # ?

B: #,A4U£ o
A:

B: «^,> f tM M f

( 3 ) A: I l M # f f * f ^? B: i l ^f f M ^ o 4t (tlyugudn) -S?^ ^tf4^

(kaoyadidn)
A: t^f^il^? B: ;&$l# ^P ^-}M0

(shudidn)
(4) A:
B: -f £^:(pidnyi)
A:
B:
( 5 ) A:
B:

( 6 ) A: &£>ff -&? A: 79.8 it

^- ^( zhT) i £(bT) 7.35 70
_4L#^-#(f en)#. 12.60 TO
-*M^ o

(7) A:

-139-
 B: it if.

i£?M>7

3. K^fttfl^^P^rT^TM^^^ Practice the following exercises verbally with one classmate

A game of giving change
E .g. --£3.24 TL, £%- &5 T L 0 B : ^^^1.767to
A;
A . -£-= IK & J ^W o
( 1 ) A - £7.697t, & * SH&8 TO0
(2) A
-£13.1270, &&m57l0
( 3 ) A - £22.78 TG,&& M O?L 0
( 4 ) A -£31.49 TO, 4 MM&507 L O
( 5 ) A . -£84.9270,4^t-1007t o

4. JfgigT ^J^&^ffi^iRlfti^HNIg Change the following declarative sentences

into questions with interrogative pronouns
(1) U L A ^ M ^ & ^ & (Ask two questions)
O

(2) — ]j ^ f f i t k ^ ^ k o (Ask three questions)

(3) ffc'/S o (Ask four questions)
(4) >£■ it %#(mcii)7t,^r0 (Ask five questions)
( 5 ) f r^'f f" $l5f c. # - # 3 *5U#0 (Ask six questions)

5. ^3?T?fi&23 Conversation practice

4^ Pttfc Likes and dislikes]
(1) A: ^-g-sHt& ^ J k ?

B: ____________ 51#0
___________
(2) A : ^t> 4 - ^^- |- ^f '#( zhexue)?
B : & _____________________ f f ^ l t ^ t o

(3) A ; £4^&&#?
B: ii^^^A^fo
A: ^-fL^A-l-^o

Shopping]

( 1 ) A:
B: a§H%?
A: ^",3i^^o

-140-
 B : ____________________ ?

A: f t &i-;fo B :
^^-W^-0

A: ___________________ o f ^Hi+.M __________________ o

-141-
(2)

(2) A; 'h^iUL^^-f ?5>? B : ^"o

M % ,^ £ i t ) l c
A: Z'yn-^?
B ; il^_________________
A ; ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^f ? B :
A : ^, ^4 f p ^- , X ^ ^ 0
B: -£
( 3 ) A : £ £ , & ^t £ ?
B: *f( b e i ) ^4 ( k a f e i ) 0
A ; ,i£^f+&?

B: ,»0

! i/s iii V; i'l-Uli' Solving language problems]

i f H ,&>r-
*J
( 1) A:

B; -^&,&-&^£PJ£0

C ; i^^H iel^-(cfclicin), JSL-tg-isI^-o

A ; it-ito
(2) A: "cheap" j5Ug-fe&i&?

B : ^^(pidnyi),il^^-f^M£^o
( 3 ) A : ^ ^4 , # J M t £ ?
B ; *t-^&,ifrit(yi bidn)G

6. #(H^ir5 Make a dialogue based on the picture [ f^tii 1J L\ Ul

Introducing and identifying people] ( 1 ) A: ^liUX^?

^M ^ - T o

B: iUX^M^o
C: iUX^&'tMRitj^-o

-142-
i&A&in^^^n^.
ikHifrATA
?

[ ifjj|nj
Enijn i r

ing] i t A __
(1)
itA^. it
AT A.

( 2 ) ^f f i ^£^,Mp;l?
itT&
o

7. Communication exercises
(1) Talk to your classmate about what you like or dislike.
(2) Your classmate is a salesperson in a store and you are a customer.

£3- KlillfnSiiS Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

things) ^ ^ o ^Ml^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i t , i 'J ^^4-0

-143-
 (2)

m%k (gdngf u) , 2, ^ % -t-iH* # - « + ID ^ A» 0

Grammar
1. ^hi^i^^ Prepositional Phrase
In Lesson 5 the verb "ft" was studied, "ft" is also a preposition. When combined with words expressing location

(usually a noun or phrase), it forms a prepositional phrase. It is used before the predicative verb to indicate the location of

an action.

ft + PW + V0

Subject Predicate
Prep +N V 0
m ft &JL
ft mji
* ft m n ^ f f i
The preposition "j?H--1" is often combined with a noun or pronoun after it to form a prepositional phrase and used in

front of the predicative verb to indicate the manner of an action.

m + Pr/N (person) + V0

Subject Predicate
V 0
Prep "W + Pr/N
ft SS ft o
------------------------------ m ft
Note; The prepositional phrases "ft--" and " {?!!•■■" must be placed before the verb. One cannot say

" f t ¥%& T % n ¥ ® i " , "«!»".

-144-
2. SSt^sbiiOil^Rja) Sentences with double objects
Some verbs can take two objects, one in front, referring to people; the other, following, referring to things.

*&/j£ + Pr/.N (person) + NP(thmg)

Subject Predicate
V Object 1 Object 2
m it
m

Note; Not all Chinese verbs can take double objects.

3. The adverb "W in sentences with an adjectival

predicate
Many sentences with an adjectival predicate have been studied so far. In this kind of sentence, an adjective follows

the subject directly and does not need the verb "JE ". If there are no other adverbs such as " M " , "7£" or "7h" before the

adjective, the adverb 'l;fM" is usually placed before it.

mm*

In this kind of sentence, if the adjective does not have an adverb before it, the sentence has the meaning of

comparison. For example:

The meaning of " ^1 " here is not so obvious. " ^ffl it " and " $t ft " are not much different in degree. In V/A-not-V/A

questions, "'fH" cannot be used. For example: "JilliSjr4 T M ^ I " One cannot say "f&llKX^^rft^? "

-145-
A. )X* Chinese Characters
 (6)

ben root of a tree 5 strokes

(The "—" at the bottom of " A " indicates the root.)

(7) -f
ping flat 5 strokes

+
(8) ^ ' ^+
in l.'
ZOU to walk 7 strokes
(The ancient character looks like a person running.)

e,
(9) "
* il oneself
3 strokes

___
(10) >v 4«|
xue cave 5 strokes
* * J*—

(id ^ '
WU do not 4 strokes

y
(i2) 4r
jTn gold 8 strokes

(13) ft f tf\
jTn (measure word) 4 strokes
(The ancient character resembles an axe. It is used as a unit of weight now.)

(14)
4,
ITldO (dime)
4 strokes
ge an ancient weapon 4 strokes

3. iJ^iiUt tfclftSt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
(i) gudngpdn

JT ^j ^ ' -TIL 6 strokes

11 strokes

(2) ^-fc yTnyue (-g-ljl)

—► JL + 0 9 strokes

(15) &

147-
3- (tuzipdng) (On the left side of a character, the third stroke of " A " is written as a

upward stroke. It is called the "earth" side.) * * 3 strokes

(chdngzibiQn) (the "arena" side) % 3 strokes

(3) shdngchdng

—► + + H + " + ^ 11
strokes
—► * + ^ 7 strokes

(chdngzitOU) (the "constant" top) ' ' 5 stroke:'.

(4) chdngchdng
% —> ^ + a + TJ7
11 stTOkes

^ ( z u z i p 6 n g )(0n the left side of a character, the seventh stroke in "hi" is written as

an upward stroke.) * ° ^ ^ ^$ 7 strokes

(5) gen

i^L ► $ .+ 13 strokes

P ( d a n ' e r d u o )(the "single-ear" side) 1

fJ 2 strokes

(6) & bdo ( & )

$L —► ^ + P + X
7 strokes

(lidngzijido) (the "millet" corner) ~J 7]

4 strokes

(7) Lidng Zhu

^ ► > + J}* + 11
strokes

-148-
 ife.
( t u v ve i ; l i i ' i ) ( i l i c "tail-less ox" 4 strokes
lop)

(8) xiansheng

6 strokes

(9) & yao

3&
9 strokes

(10) ^ # shTfu W#)

# (fu) \ if ! \t" 12 strokes

(The meaning side is " \ ", and the phonetic side is ""ft".)

(11) xiangjiao

# -> ^ + a 9 strokes

15 strokes

(12) ^ pinggud

~f~ 8 strokes

(The meaning is indicated by and the pronunciation is indicated by , i J f - " . )

(13) *J-^& duibuqT

*t —^ * + ~t 5 strokes

10 strokes

(14) %>h rdngyi

10 strokes

8 strokes

7f (Jinzipdng){tin- "metal" side). (On the left side of a characler, "i>" is written

as " I ".) 7 A
**4 5 strokes

(15) 4% qidn (4%)

10 strokes

(16) kUQi

-149-
 7 strokes

(17) fen

^ —► /V + 77 4 strokes

(To cut things in half with a knife.)

(18) song

3^. ^ 9 strokes

(19) ^ gei
^ ^ + ^ 9 strokes

(20) & zhao

•ft k + 3^ 7 strokes

Cultural Notes

Currency

The currency of the People's Republic of China is the renminbi, literally "people's currency", abbreviated as
"RMB". The basic unit of the RMB is the yuan or kuai. One-tenth of a yuan is called a jiao or moo, and one
one-hundredth of a yuan equals one fen. Chinese money is issued in paper notes as well as coins, in thirteen different
denominations:
Bills; 100 yuan, 50 yuan, 20 yuan, 10 yuan, 5 yuan, 2 yuan, 1 yuan 5 jiao, 2 jiao , 1 jiao
Coins: 1 yuan, 5 jiao, 1 jiao, 5 fen, 2 fen, 1 fen

-150-
 By the end of this lesson, you will be able to ask the time, hail a taxi,
ask whether something is allowed, and indicate your ability to accomplish
tasks. We will pay special attention to how Chinese people respond to
compliments.

ft Lesson 11

a # % -iUL mm
Wd hui shud yididnr Hdnyu

-151-
Lin Nd: Wo qu Yuydn Xueyudn. ShTfu, qlngwen xidnzdi jT didn?

M. — *J ^ M 4r it m% fT!
STjT; Chd yi ke ba didn. Nin hui shuo Hdnyu a !

fa *P: A ^ *- £U#0® A £ ^
Lin No: Wo hui shuo yidianr Hdnyu. Wd shi xuesheng, xidnzdi hui

xueyudn shdngke

STjT; NTmen ji didn shdngke?

ft tip: /V _hi^G j ^ff, ^ yV A ffe fij p
3?
Lin Nd: Bd didn shdngke. ShTfu, women bd didn neng ddo ma?

STjT: Neng ddo. Nin de Hanyu hen hdo.

ft #1 m& ^ £ #<®& ^ A<^k it

Lin Nd: Ndli, wd de Hdnyu bu fdi hdo. Nin hui bu hui snub YTngyu?

4^ ^ &T&0 A ^ -fM£ *H£, ft

STjT: Wd bu hui shud YTngyu. Wd ye xThuan wdiyu, chdngchdng zdi

% * All ^i#0 jid

xue didnr YTngyu.

ft ti?: if 4£ M
Lin Nd; Shei jido nin YTngyu?

^]^L : 4i *'HcJl0
STjT: Wd sOnnur

#P: £ # * ® G i f c ^ /L Lin Nd:

Zhen ydu yisi. Td jTnnidn jT sui?

-152-
STjT; Liu sui. Wd de suishu fdi dd le, xue YTngyu bu rdngyi.

ft m ^ $ k. $m ®
Lin Nd: Nin jTnnidn dud dd suishu?

A i--Y^0 i^t %?>t T o ® I* 1 i

STjT; Wd jTnnidn wiishf'er. Yuydn Xueyudn ddo le. Xidnzdi chd wu

^ /v £,&&#i ^HfQ ® fen bd didn, nin hdi

ydu wu fenzhdng.

ft *p : « , ^ & $L Lin Nd: Xiexie,

gei nin qidn.

& & r-H-, & & JL & is?,

OK? STjT; Nin gei wd ershi, zhdo nin wu kudi si, OK?

ft M 4? it
Lin Nd: Nin hui shud YTngyu!

-153-
 STjT: Wo ye hui yididnr. Bdibdi!

fa *P: TW! Lin

Nd: Bdibdi!

i=l New Words

I.* OpV hui

2. (-),£jL Nu-M (yi)didnr
3. *J#L N sTjI
4. ) N didn(zhong)
5. M. V chd
6. t"J M ke
7. 1H] V hui
8. Jlifc vo shdngke
Jl V shdng
9. & OpV neng
10. V ddo
11. IE ndli
12. 4& V jido
13. N YTngyu
N sunnur
i4. #Hc;i
N nu'er
is. N suishu
it N shu
16. i£ Adv hdi
17. £■ M fen
is. nn IE bdibdi

to know how to, can zsri&tXi'n

a little bit ^m -^JL^iff, AJLfl

driver

o'clock W ^ ( # ) , A ^ C ^ O to be short
of, lack

-154-
 quarter (of an hour) H — 8fAj&
to return IH^, IH + i, 0 ^
to go to class (both students and teachers)

to ascend; to go to ±Ui%W, ±.XitM

can; be able to $$£±1$

to arrive M M , %\¥$c, HUM

no (an expression of modest denial)

to teach mx^
English

granddaughter on son's side

daughter

years (of age)

number

still &^~E.fr&

minute A/&3L#, il^A,^,

bye-bye (transliteration)

T
DTng !ibd: Chen IdoshT, Md Ddwei jTntidn bu neng Idi shdngke. T& ftft'A

* & £ Jiifc?
Chen IdoshT.-
Td weishenme bu neng Idi shdngke?
-152-
 DTng Libd: Zuotian shi xTngqTri, ta shdngwu qu shdngchdng mdi ddngxi, xidwu

qu pengyou jid wdnr. Td wdnshang shfyT

& ^- & -f--=- &% m &

didn ban hui xueyudn, shier didn xie

neiydu qTchudng.

Hdnzi, lidng didn-zhong shuijido.

Chen IdoshT

T A fa * §t Xidnzdi td hdi Td yTnggdi Idi shdngke.

DTng Libo: 1 -1
Ldoshi, wd neng bu neng wen nin yi ge wenti?
KeyT.
Chen IdoshT
ressing permission or
T j]$ L: DTng
Women weishenme bd didn shdngke?
prohibi
Libo:

^^=| New Words

1. Qpr weishenme why for

Prep wei yesterday B^±^, B^T^f
2. Htii N zuotian things; objects 3%Mf§, "fe^ffi, i^^H
3. £ ^ N ddngxi wdnr to have fun, to play il^7x^5tJL, ffil^Tx^cJL

4. #Ul V wdnshang evening, night flt^lft_t, M$ANlft±, J£^Bft±

*5. $L_L N wan late

A ban half ¥^mm, ,

6. ^ Nu

xie to write

7. ^ V Hdnzi zi Chinese character — ^'/X5?

8. J5L^ N^ shuijido shui character

N to sleep +—j&BJjjR, to
9. F##; vo sleep
B# V
io. vo qTchudng to get up /n ^ ^ J * ,
s fk^&fk
V qi to get up,to rise
N chudng bed
11. MiZ OpV yTnggdi shouldjought to jtfZl^, )k\%^k, )K\%MM
it OpV gai should;ought to
12. ffi^L N wenti question -^ft£§, ft ft J®, W f t M , ?£ft
13. ^VX OpV key! may nUMS*, "IMft^, «T *
14. Rfc PN Chen (a surname)

-156-
 3
Supplementary \\ orcb
i. vo xidke to get out of class; to finish class
2. i^-tg, vo chlfdn to eat (a meal)
3. vo kdiche to drive a car
4. vo chdngge to sing (a song)
5. vo tidowu to dance
6. T§7^ V huidd to answer
7. ^-L^ N ITwu gift; present
8. V0 dd qiu to play ball
9. 4TMJ vo dad! to take a taxi
10. vo xTydn to smoke
11. :$L N bido watch
12. A nan difficult

■ -
% Notes

"—JL" is an indefinite measure word expressing the idea of a small amount, and is used to modify a noun. When the
context allows of no ambiguity, the noun it modifies can be omitted. For example;
j&gimmmi B :
A:
m &T &- &Mum) 0
When "—-^JL" is not at the beginning of a sentence, "—" may be omitted. For ex-ample:
"n^(-)^JL^","Hi(-)^JL?i","#(-)^JL^".

"WIS." is actually an interrogative pronoun, and has the same meaning as "l||UL", but
"Pl|Sjj|" here has a negative connotation. It is often used to express modesty when respond-
ing to praise. We can also use "/E ^? " to express doubt. For example: f^l^tX
in^^iff." Whether we use a word expressing negation or doubt, the purpose is to show
a modest attitude toward other people's compliments. In Chinese culture this is regarded as
an appropriate response.

"It is not easy to learn English."

(4) ^^x^m
This is a courteous way of asking the age of an elderly or senior person.

CD itWf^JTo

"Here we are at the Language Institute." "You still have

five minutes."

One of the senses of "idi" already learned is to make an additional remark. Another use of "idi" is to express the
continuation of a state or action. For example;
/
0^,_b ~h —■ ^ flili3S □C'fF o (He is still working at eleven o'clock at night.)
;
jlkJJIl fti5^f;"fbS'I:f4^Cffio (He is still unable to read Chinese newspapers.) iikiSS^^SJ^o (He still
hasn't got out of bed. /He is still in bed.)

— ■ i?>)%feffl Drills and Practice

-157-
 KEY SENTENCES
1. i f W , $ L & J l £ ?
2. mt'&$.&&JV&. i t^%L%&&
3. t f M J L &±m

6. ■fe##&;F&&Jii*?
7. l&M.ig&.B
8. t$vx n m— ^ R m*h ?
1* ^^T^JisBS Master the following phrases
(1) ^tiV^iZ
(2) 6^
fib
(3) ^vx^tk-
y^^vX7%
^itx^
(4

^/l
(5

(6)
HL&Jl&te

^ ^vXiyL^i^

2. Pattern drills
( 1 ) 3^/L,&?

(2) Ti^(xidke) 11:50

12:15
8:20
10:50

( 3 ) ^j ^ ^ IWI ?

-158-
 ( 4 ) ^4 ^T ^rf >Jl«? x4b(wenhud)

£^
( 5 ) ^ 4?*K(yduydnq) ? ^f-^- (kdiche)
tr$-(dfi qiu)
$k#(tidowu)
chdngge)

( 6 ) m i ^ M f i t ? if%tt'A^$fL% t i t ?
EJ^(huidd) f o t f j W M .

( 7 ) ^UtT ^f fi f f i$ L" - %?

;#
4fc#j-£(che)

(8) W $L& X ^W^ e j ?

El 0
^•L#7(ITwu)

3. MJSB^^iHtiiiHIil Ask a question concerning the underlined words in each of the following sentences
(1) $L& l z . k J L - f / ^ f r 0

( 2 ) W L £.& — M & & O

( 3 ) ^ f i ^ - f ^ - Y r ;y m > X \ ] : ,

( 4 ) W f L f c ^ & f o f a t - ^ M &'o

4. <zHi§i£^ Conversation practice

t fS]|WJ Asking about time]

( 1 ) A: , t - ^4 ( b i d o ) 5 ££/L,&?

B: _______________ , ^ ^ ^' i ^( k u d i , fast) — A)l0

A : i^ito

( 2 ) A : 4 ^&Ji##>£#Htf <i]?

B : ^^Btl ^ o

A : #»£&£*fcX.,*3^?

B : # f f 0 /L ?

A ; ________________

B: ____________

-159-"
 A : J^ o

[ ^ / K l b y b Expressing one's ability]

( 1) A: ________________ ?

B ; & ^— £ ) l 0

A: IfcMUW?
B : # , M H fa] -kfattt(tlyuguan) & >J 0

( 2 ) A : it^*5l^&&^? B :

St^ & . & ^ ^ o

(3) A ; it^£^^^^^|-(xuanxiu)##(zhexue)if.?

B: ___________________ o

A: 7*H+£?

B: M $Li£&*£*fo

[^t7R Jti^F^^lh Expressing permission or prohibition]

( 1 ) A;

B : xt^fe,-^-^( d e n g , to wait) —T o

( 2 ) A ; -sr#^*H(xTyan)".s,?

B : ^ t T ^ , i U L T ^r^ ________________________ o
(3) A ; ^ ^, ^ ^ ^ ^ M ( n d n ) , ^, ^ - R ^, j& * j& R & ?

A : *J- , t $Hft0
5. Communication exercises
(1) Your classmate is a taxi driver, and you want to go to somewhere by taxi. How do you converse with the taxi
driver?
(2) Your watch has stopped. How do you ask a passerby the time?
(3) You are talking about families with your friend. How do you ask him/her about the ages of his/her parents and
about the children of his/her brothers and sisters?
(4) You are visiting somewhere and you want to find out whether or not you can take pictures ( HS , paizhao)or
smoke(Pg ' M ,xTyan). How do you ask?

JM#(bidntiao, note)

t**k ? 4^<

E3- l^li^DS^ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasin

-160-
 ( da d T) T=7 # F% _hi^0 C ^ , f o % — W b - k ) l , 4^

2jX% 3 - M X m ^ o t i b -t^f-fr-fify % £ &, T ^ - k W J L & Z L J l , Ht Ji

-161-
 Grammar
1. ^J^t Telling time
These words are used to tell time in Chinese; "ilt(Pr")"> "J^'J" and "^r". When telling someone the
time the following rules apply;
2:00 m&(¥?) (The in can be omitted.)
2;05 M ^(0)2L^}- (When "ft" is a number less than ten, " O " may be
added before it.)
2:io m^-hfr
2:12 M,& + — ( f t ) (When " f t " is more than 10, " f t " may be omitted.)
2:15 m & -m or M£ + E(#)
2:30 or M^H + (^)
2:45 W^HllJ or ^—£jHj& or M^E + E(^V) 2:55 ^E# = J& or
M^S-hSK^) The order of time expressions and expressions of date is;
¥ + >J + H + !-T-/T^-/fife± + M - o o r ^ f r ^
- 0 Mffl0 f&± A£--r£#
2000^ 12^ 10 M|$0 l&_t 8:25

2. flBJB3fflHff@*a(l) Sentences with the optative verbs (1): "IT,

•srer.
Optative verbs such as " ? z " , "itis", "R T ^ " , " J M l f c " , and "31" are often placed before verbs to express
ability, possibility, or willingness.
Optative verbs such as "lb", and "B T[^" indicate the ability to do something
and can be translated with the English word "can; be able to".
It should be noted, though, that emphasizes skills acquired through learning,
while "fb" and "pfliT' express the possession of skills in general.

)+ OpV + V
Subject Predicate
TW OpV v o
£T£ U if!?
it
T£
n
®
if
m m

m m
mm?

-162-
 "lis" and "njl^l" are also be used to express permission or prohibition under specific circumstances. For example;

Subject Predicate
TW OpV V O
ma AM n 3IUL?
1^ o
m Wk ±
m) it*
Iffio
The optative verb " i%" is used to express needs arising from moral or factual necessity.
Subject Predicate
OpV V o
hi 5^ Jt ll^ o
fa

Note; 1. In a sentence with an optative verb, the affirmative-negative form (V/A-not-V/A) is formed by
juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of the optative verb, that is OpV-not-OpV.
OpV + ^ + OpV + V 0
£ % £ i&
m * ffi *
2. The negative form of and "B J I^" is usually "^ftl". "^P J I^" is only used to
express prohibition. For example; "^F Rj WPJcffi (xrydn, smoke)". If the answer to the
question "fa P J l» Rl K^^-TM] ^ ? " is negative, it should be "^^f^d>^^jn^."
One cannot say "Wf^U^MU^"
3. To answer briefly, one may use only the optative verb. For example;
fa^immm --------
hTWiSW? --------- —RT W O
4. Some of the optative verbs are also general verbs. For example:

3. ;tii$& / frJ(l ) : ^Z ^II6$ Sentences with serial verb phrases (1): Purpose
In a sentence with a verbal predicate, the subject may take two consecutive verbs or verb phrases. The order of
these verb phrases is fixed. In the sentences with serial verb phrases introduced in this chapter, the second verb indicates
the purpose of the action denoted by the first verb.

-163-
 S + V, 0 + V2 0
Subject Predicate
TW v, o v2 o

m& ±
Wo
mum

4. M M &$imWft( 2 ) Sentences with double objects (2) : , "fHJ

Such verbs as and "ft" can take double objects.
Subject Predicate
V Object 1 Object 2

if Ml
ft -^ft^o
life ft

Chinese Characters

I, &3 £fttltt(4) Structure of Chinese characters (4)

The enclosure structure CD a.
Four-side enclosure

□
b. Left-top-right enclosure

□1 *
c. Top-left enclosure

□ 4

*
d. Top-left-bottom enclosure

e. Top-right enclosure

3
2. ik^ll&^flL^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters
 (u £ 1H
f££
zhdn to occupy 5 strokes

(2) .£(£) 1
" ^ ^ ^ f 1
IT inside 7 strokes

(3) J. ^ * ^ f J.
zhl to 6 strokes

(4) jfe ^ ^

yang center 5 strokes

(5) £(*.)
ddng east 5 strokes

(6) T n f t f t f t
XT west 6 strokes

(7) & '* **

mian be excused from 7 strokes

(8) -f" - —+
bdn half 5 strokes

(9) "^
yu and 3 strokes
(Please differentiate " V from "J,".)

do) ""^rTT^f^;
ye page 6 strokes

(11) VX V V VV VX
yT to use 4 strokes

3. iA^iJIlfc^&W^ Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
(1) S\fa STjT ( C $0
"3 + "—' + f 5 strokes

^JL ^ ^ + ,/Li 6 strokes

(2) ,£Jf didnzhong (f&#)

-165-
 4t -* 4 + t 9 strokes 9

strokes

(pieweiydng)(llie "slanling-tailed-goal" lop) (On the lop of a character, the vertical

stroke in is written as a downward stroke to the left 'V ".)
>' v£ \i

yr- 6 strokes

(3) J. chd

-g_ ► 7 + _J_ 9 strokes

'J (liddopdng)(On the right side of a multi-component character, " / J " is written as
It is called the "standing knife" side.) ' '] 2 strokes

if hdi ' *~ #" ^* ^ 6 strokes

(4) *] ke

i1] ^ + 'J 8 strokes

(5) & hui

\E J "> P + P 6 strokes

(6) %t neng
3b A I i tli + & 10
strokes

(7) £!] ddo

$l] $ + 'J 8 strokes

(8) YTngyu
—> + jfel 8 strokes

(9) #*-;L sunnur

^/J n —► JJ" + yj> 6 strokes

(10) suishu

^ -- ► * + i + 13 strokes

^ pieshou (the "slanting-hand" side) (On the left side of a character, the fourth stroke

in is written as " J ".) ^ * 4 strokes

(11) £f£f bdibdi

^-f- ► ^ + -— + 9 strokes

(12) zuotian

fldr ---- * 9 + 9 strokes

(The "sun" side, " 0 " , shows the character has a temporal connotation.)

(13) } J t ) l wdnr (%l5L)

5jt —> $ + 7G 8 strokes

(14) ^ xie ( M)
5f ~*' ■+ 5 strokes

(15) s&_t wdnshang

fliL ^ 9 + /iu 1 1 strokes

(The "sun" side, " 0 " , shows the character has a temporal connotation.)

Chill ( -f" ) ' * -^^-&*^^M£r 8 strokes

(16) shuijido ( H i f ;)
----- ► § + J?* 14 strokes

(Please note the left side of the character is the "eye" side " § " , not the "sun" side " E I " . "Sleeping" is related to
the "eyes".)
ft
~* + MJ 9 strokes

(The top of this character is the "study" top, not the "constant" top.)

(17) qTchudng

-167-
 7 strokes
(18) M i z yTnggdi { MM)

fit —+ f +
it i+^ 7 strokes

8 strokes

(19) W M . wenti (MJ IH.)

15 strokes

(20) p$ chen (fjft)

7 strokes

□ Cultural Notes

Loanwords

Like other languages, Chinese also borrows words from foreign languages. Most loanwords
in Chinese come from English, French, Japanese, or Russian. They generally fall into five
groups; First are inteipretative translations or semantic equivalents. Both terms refer to using
Chinese words to translate imported concepts. Words of this category usually do not appear
noticeably foreign. One example is the word dianshi "television", in which % dian (o-
riginally "lightning", later "electricity") is freely adapted to correspond to the prefix "tele"
(originally from the ancient Greek word meaning "far"), and \% shi literally translates as
"vision". The words dianhua "telephone", and % dianbao "telegram" fall under the
same category.
Second are transliterations, renditions that imitate the sound of the source word. The non-native origin stands out in
this group of words, for example; fp%t shafa "sofa", iftpH^ kafei "coffee", BJ U RTA R kekoukele for "coca cola", and
ifej^L jiake "jacket".

-168-
 Third is a combination of the first and second modes described above: partly free paraphrasing/semantic matching,
and partly transliteration. Examples can be found with Pifl'M pijiu "beer", Hfl ft $ motuoche "motorcycle", and i!jnL$
tankeche "tank". While Plfl pi is the transliteration for "beer", jflft motuo for "motor", and JilJnL tanke for "tank"; ?S
jiu "alcoholic drink" and $ c/ze "vehicle" are translations.
Fourth are roman letters plus Chinese words, such as AA fjjlj zhi "go Dutch", BP #1 ji "pager", and B chao
"ultrasound". Fifth is the use of roman letters only, in a direct boiTowing of acronyms, for example: "CD", "DVD",
"CPU", and "DNA".
As a rule, loanwords are added to the Chinese lexicon only in cases where available Chinese expressions are
inadequate to describe new concepts, situations, or other phenomena that arise when Chinese and foreign cultures
interact. However, words like f^^- baibai "bye-bye" and "OK" do not represent new concepts and can be replaced by
words of Chinese o-rigin. Yet many people, especially the young, love such expressions precisely for their foreign
flavour.
 In China, what should you do if you don't feel well? Here you will learn
how to describe health problems to a doctor. You will also learn how to
express volition, indicate necessity, and learn a new way of asking questions.

HH~ ___ lH Lesson 1 2

Wd qudnshen dou bu shufu

■ Text

T ;*7&:*Jfr, ft % ^ A X * *
DTng Libo: Ddwei, nT mei tidn dou liu didn qTchudng qu dudnlidn,

JL A — ft i£ ^ %Jtf ®
xidnzdi jiu didn yi ke, nT zenme hdi bu qTchudng?

Md Ddwei; Wo tou teng.

-168-

-170-
 Tfiyjt: ft *^ DTng Libo:
NT sdngzi zenmeydng1?

Md Ddwei: Wd sdngzi ye teng.

Ttjill: A fe, ft frit * EF£ ;f^ 0 ® DTng Libd: Wd xidng, NT

yTnggdi qu yTyudn kdnbing,^

Md Ddwei: Wd shentT mei wenti, buydng qu kdnbing

wd ydo shuijido, bu xidng qu yTyudn

Tfiyit: ft ^ -k Jkm, ft *£ * & -hifco

DTng Libd: NT bu qu kdnbing, mfngtidn nT hdi bu neng shdngke

ft "Co *, * El% 0 ® ^ * Md Ddwei: Hdo ba. Wd qu yTyudn. Xidnzdi qu

hdishi xidwu q u y

DTng Libo: Ddngrdn xidnzdi q u , wd gen nT yiqT qu. JTntidn tidnqi hen

leng, nT ydo dud chudn didnr yTfu.

;j&Sc] Expressin
:ed or necessity
VO
New Words
1. 4^ N qudnshen N/V(the body)
all over , &%*m%.
A qudn whole
N
N shen body
2. mi A
Pr
shufu OpV
comfortable ^M, , «fBft##]ifc
3. mei every; each £H^££,
V MdPt
4. #t& dudnlidn to do physical exercise il^^
5. * N tdu head
Conj
6. A teng painful
7. N sdngzi Adv SH^ J HRi^OT
throat

V
N

8. ^ 17. 2f v/OpV xidng N yTyudn

9. El%
18. v&JJL kanbing
io. bing
0 shentT
11.
ydo
* 12.
ba
p
13. £
hdishi
14. ii^:
yiql
15. — & 16.
leng
chudn to think/to want to do clothes

yTfu WMUfc,
sth.

ftk^k hospital

i E ^,
to see a doctor iS"^,
ilS^^"^
illness/to get sick #0, fit^^
body, health

must, to want to do

something H (modal

particle)

or

m&&Mfa

±,

l«i£Ji£HJ

together jjjfl , — —j

-172-
T ft & itJifaJk - T , A -k & ft *M-0
i7>^:
DTng Libo: NT zdi zher xiuxi yixid, wd qu gei nT gudhdo

Ma Ddwei: Hdo.

8 -f, 8 -f A m
YTsheng: T Ba hao, ba hdo shi shei?

AA 8 -f 0 Wd shi bd hdo.
DTng
ft &A #.
Libo.-YTshe
NT kanbing hdishi td kanbing? Td kanbing.

if *F *0 ft w] Mj
ng: DTng
QTng zud ba. NT jido Md Ddwei, shi bu shi?

Libo: A, A "1 4 *.#o

YTsheng: Ma Shi, wd jido Md Ddwei. NT

Ddwei; jTnnidn duo dd?

YTsheng:
-170
Jh & ^Mr - + - $
Md Ddwei; Wd jTnnidn ershi'er sui

Ed: ft
p
^;l ^ 4fJjH? ® YTsheng:
NT ndr bu shufu?

^ ^ mi,
Md Ddwei: Wd tdu teng, qudnshen ddu bu shOfu.

Ed: 41 f-To # #(SjLj£ J t , ® & #,&;L

YTsheng: Wd kdn yixid. NT sdngzi ydudidnr fdydn, hdi ydudidnr

fashao, shi gdnmdo.

T ^7> J L: ^ ^- ^ ^- >£|&?

DTng Libd: Td ydo bu ydo zhuyudn?

Ed: ^JUo ft £r £ 7jc, i£ ^- ,#JL S o ft

YTsheng: Buydng. NI ydo dud he shuT, hdi ydo chT didnr ydo. NT

MM *t JS* pt &m
yudnyi chT zhdngydo hdishi yudnyi chT xTydo? Md

Ddwei; Wd yudnyi chT zhdngydo.

II: ft, ft *t tS, T J.*- # * o

YTsheng: Hdo, nT chT yididnr zhdngydo, xid xTngqTyT zdi Idi,

£J=| New W ords

V xiuxi T , JJY.I^ # E
i. ^4 to ta ke a re st
2. Prep gei to ; fo r i^m, ^tmhtj, &mnxm
3. &f VO gudhdo l=L

N hdo to re gi st er (a t a ho sp it al, etc.) Inffe

Adv ydudidnr
n u mb e r A^, m) l— %
VO fdydn
VO fdshdo W/^JLr?, dt^JL^fT'JK to
6. JJtft so me wh a t; ra t her ; a b i t

V shdo b eco me i n fla med ^ ' M J U M ^t to ha ve a fe ver t o

7. V/N gdnmdo
8. 4dP£ VO zhuyudn b ur n

to h a ve a co ld / co ld W$JUiW to b e i n
ho sp i ta l; to b e ho sp ita li z ed

-174-
9. 7jC N shu! water RJITK
10. % N ydo medicine RzSl$, 551$
11. Jill OpV yudny] to be willing to do sth. M . M ^ ^ 3 , iffi
12. N zhdngydo traditional Chinese medicine
13. N xTydo Western medicine
N xT west

*=i Supplementary Words

1. N yd tooth
2. N duzi abdomen ; stomach
3. vo kdiddo to have an operation
4. V hudydn to have a medical test
5. N xie blood
6. N ddbidn stool
7. N xidobidn urine
8. VO ddzhen to have an injection
9. A re hot
10. A lidngkuai cool
11. N shenghud life
12. N YTngwen English

—
> Etfii
Notes

When the pronoun "-!■■}:" modifies a noun, a measure word should be used before the
noun it modifies as in the following examples; "^5 4"^ 4 " , "IfJ r ^Jfc". However, be-
fore the nouns " X " and a measure word cannot be used, and measure words are op-
tional before "ft". For example, we say "^jWc", "'bj.- ", and say either "1;J.-J-J " or "■'ij.-

i^J^ ". "i £f:" is often used in combination with "$$". For example;

(D fj^^&^j*?
"Why are you still in bed? - 172 -
 " fa yA" can also be used to ask about the cause of something, and the difference between "fa.'A" and "j^/ff"^" is that the
former indicates a sense of surprise on the part of the speaker. For example:
A£±if ,^I^A£^*?

Note; "faA" and "j&'Affl' are both interrogative pronouns, but "fa,-A" is often used as an adverbial in a sentence, whereas
" " usually functions as the predicate as in "ifcfa&Wl "• When asking the reason for something,
fa ^A W "fayAW cannot
be used and so one could not say "#^^#i£^®J*? "

"I think you must go to see a doctor." In this

sentence "^S" is a common verb.

"No problem with my health."

"MW" means "body", but it may also mean "health". "\ f o ^ f a ^ f f l ? " is also a form of greeting among
friends and acquaintances. The phrase " S I"J M " means "no problem" and it is often used in spoken Chinese to indicate
an affirmative, confident attitude. For example:
A:mxi^m^? B:
mm i

The modal particle " BE" has many uses. It is used to soften the tone of speech here and it may also be used in
sentences expressing requests, commands, persuasion and consultation. For example;

"I'll go with you."

When the prepositional phrase "{?K+Pr/NP" is placed before a verb as an adverbial modifier, it is generally used
with the adverb " — - " ; together they form the phrase + Pr/WF+— U". For example:

CD m^im^ o
"In" is a verb (see Lesson T e n ) , but it can also function as a preposition. When used
as a preposition, " £ n " and the noun or noun phrase that follows it (usually the receiver of
the action's benefit) form a prepositional phrase, which is placed before the predicative verb
indicating that the object of is indirectly affected by the activity of the predicate.

(§) fijL^fi?
"What's wrong with you?
This is an everyday expression used by doctors when talking to their patients.

The plvase "?j' ( — )^J L" (with "—■" often omitted) is used before certain adjectives or verbs as an adverbial
modifier, indicating moderation. When used before an adjective, it often implies dissatisfaction or negation. For
example:

^^ JL ^ M ^ ^&) L %m
Note: There is some difference between "^ —
,^UL" and "—-^JL". ^JL" is used
adverbially, modifying the adjective or verb that follows i t , whereas "—-^JL" is used as an attributive, modifying a
noun. For example:

-176-
 The construction "—-^JL + N " is usually placed after a verb as its object. For example;

It is not permissible to replace "^^f — ,^UL" with "^,^UL". For example;

M"j6JL ^Xo (We cannot say "jlfe-^JL*i^".)
f t ^ & J L ^o (We cannot say "ft-&)lfr)%".)

Drills and practice

KEY SENTENCES
l.

5. ^##-INM%?
6. ^M ^t ^ ^M ' t ^?
7. ^fc^Afl^,^ t A J i f r M .
8. ^ ^ ^ ^ l -m ^^-^-^-^o
1. Jfe^T^Ji^S Master the following phrases
(i) w f % f a x x n ^^vk
( 2 ) T -^^^Bt-h
>

(3
£
)

U
(4

£
) ii

^ f

(5) ^-a-f ^» xft^m ^%\m\

2. Pattern drills
( 1 ) A: #&;f^^_ jMi? ^(jTngju)

(2) A:

B:
A: f tit ^^x(YTngwen)^
 (3) A: t f , J g t ^ t t n Q A B t ^t & n ^-^Myduydng) ■££r$.(da qiu)

? A: JiMM*t£}P}o X

( 4 ) A: fe^L,^^^? B: ^% \ 0 ?f77 (kaidao) ^^r(hudydn)jk(xie)

^ ^ ( h u d y d n ) ^ ^( d d b i d n ) ^ffl
TM£(hudydn)'M£(xidobidn) ^

( 5 ) A: aiiA*-l'l,iil^€T^*? 9:30
B: &^X$f%l0 4:20 *(yd)
A: %^)L^fk1 11 .-45 j&^-(duzi)

B: ^M*JL4- o
( 6 ) A: # f f * t # l ^?
B: &iirijr-£-/iH& o
A: /i>£(shenghud)
B: & f «o
( 7 ) A: —
B: j^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ o

( 8 ) A: ^^H&Ji^Ur£?
B: 4 ^B&Ji^ ^ o

3. ^Sj&'feJ Make up sentences according to the pictures

f t . _____________ o
4. <z?lif^^J Conversation practice
[ JH^I^!^ Talking about one's health]
( 1) A: Xkm ^S)?

B: A ____________ t & J l &o

A:

-178-
 B: ^l4M,|-To
(2) A:

A : ^^F^^^it—T, ^^ ?
B: >itr«0
( 3 ) A : ^ ^^ # o
B: AW-kfcBLo A :
i$%:fLJ ® t ®Lfe%fo*33t!

B: & # * T^* M & & 0 [ & i k M M ^'J &1£ Expressing

one's desire or need]

( 1) A: m^A3.%\x,ifrm&ix&<?

A: £,#Jl&$0
( 2 ) A : Mi^0tlB]*2,? 4Mn**r# - ( d a q i u ) , ^"5,?
B : * t ^& , W^*#;^4Ktdijiqudn, taiji boxing) 0 # ^i ( d a ) ^it^tdijiqudn)^?

A : ^,*JL0
B : i ^T ! &&#,«MM£/-%?

(3) A: &%tt&g r %%m£'!

B : ^.-l- ^ ^ o — ^J & ^ ^ o
A : &&4hJM&&^(hdizi)4n*5U£0

5. Communication exercises
(1) You feel sick while reading together with your classmate in the library. How do you tell him/her ?
( 2 ) Your friend has a toothache (5f$jr, yd teng). How do you help him/her tell the doctor about it?
( 3 ) You want to go to China to study Chinese and to visit the city of Shanghai, but your friend thinks that in order to
study Chinese well you should go to Beijing. How do you talk to him/her about this?

i#lW^(qTngjidtidO, note requesting leave)

E9- iSJIi^DSliS Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

it&? ft^m ft ±%^mi? ^«

-179-
 Grammar
!• i^i^^^ Sentences with a subject-predicate phrase as predicate
The main element of the predicate in this kind of sentence is a subject-predicate phrase. In many cases the person or
thing that the subject of the subject-predicate phrase (subject 2 ) denotes is a part of the person or thing denoted by the
subject of the whole sentence (subject 1).
Subject 1 Predicate 1
Subject 2 Predicate 2

ni
fa

£^#?
ft ^ ft?
k<%
The negative adverb " / T ^ " is usually placed before the predicate of the subject-predicate phrase (predicate 2 ) . Its
A/V-not-A/V form is produced by juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of predicate 2.

2. ^^^(R!^ Alternative questions

An alternative question is created when two possible situations, A and B, are connected by the conjunction "idijl"-
The person to whom the question is addressed is expected to choose one of the alternatives.

QUESTION ANSWER
Alternative A Alternative B
T^F*? JJteio (Alternative A )
m%
fa^'M i&^'Mo (Alternative B )
faBM^M f t B M ^ ^ o (Alternative A )
S^ 4 o (Alternative B )

3. |IJB3(li3Bg^iJ(2) Sentences with an optative verb ( D - M M M M

The optative verbs and "fM." both express subjective intention and desire. They are
basically the same in meaning. Sometimes emphasizes intent or a demand, while "?J,"
places more emphasis on intention or hope. For example:

The negative form for both "*jt" and "5c" (denoting desire) is
 " I K) S" is also used to express one's wishes. It means a willingness to do something or a hope that something will
occur according to the wishes of the person denoted by the subject.

-181-
 Subject Predicate
OpV V o

*@
HE fen o

The optative verb "51" is also used to express need. Its negative form is " ^ F M " - For example;

Chinese Characters

1. tSt^ftJ^Hl (5) Structure of Chinese characters (5)

The enclosure structure (2) a.
Left-bottom-right enclosure

b. Left-bottom enclosure

it & «
2. iMgSs^St^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters
-2^
(i) T T
yu to give
4 strokes

(2 )# L , 4 ^EJr^:
mil mother 5 strokes

dong 5 strokes
winter

5 strokes
(5) #
yd tooth 4 strokes

1
(6) ^ " r % % fc. <\£ .
yi clothes 6 strokes

Zl self 6 strokes

-182-
(8) " ^ # AJC
fd to send out 5 strokes

(9) JL ( * +i)
zhu host 5 strokes

do) r (M ^ r
Chdng factory 2 strokes

3. i^^iSUt't'lftiX.^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts
(l) quanshen
^jt —> ^ + JL 6 strokes

(2) shufu

^f-^^+^f+'f' 12 strokes

II ~> M + P + ^ 8 strokes

(meizitOLl) 2 strokes

(3) % rnei
—► + -zgT 7 strokes

•^T" ( b i n g z i p d n g ) (the "illness" side, denoting disease or ailment.)

/; f 5 strokes

(4) & teng

^ —► f~ + 10 strokes
(The "illness" side denotes the meaning, indicates the pronunciation.)

(5) sdngzi
^ — ► T 2 + * + * + * + ^ 1 3 strokes

5
^ jidn "^£^& strokes

(hUOZipdng, on the left side of a multi-component character, the fourth stroke in "j/c" is written as a dot. I t
X
is called the " fire" side.) 1 ' T J 4 strokes

(6) #t*£ dudnlidn ( 4 f k -$L)

4 $L —% + -joL 14 strokes
(The meaning side is " ^ " , and the phonetic side is "lit".)

9 strokes

(7) xidng
^g, -> i +j=J + 'C> 13 strokes

-183-
 (The meaning part is "><s", and the phonetic part is "/f0".)

(8) ^ bing

^ --- > f' + f£j

10 strokes
(The meaning side is "f~", and the phonetic side is " f t " . )

(9) shentr (^tt)

^ -------* ^ + 7 strokes

p
(10) 6 ba

^ —► a + £j
7 strokes

(The meaning side is "n", and the phonetic side is "6".)

s
/ (lidngdidnshuT) (the "two-drops-of-water" side) / 2 strokes

(11) ^ leng
—► / +^ 7 strokes

(12) ^ chuan
ij" i yy 9 strokes
(13) #-4 xiuxi
fa > \ + yjv 6 strokes
$2 —10 strokes
(14) a-f- gudhdo
* k + -i- + -i- 9 strokes

(15) XJIL faydn (#&)

—> J
' + 8 strokes

X X
(yaOZltOU) 3 strokes

(the "eminent" top) (Please differentiate from "3^".)

(16) fashao
—* J + * + 7L 10 strokes

(17) gdnmdo
^ ~► /X + — + V + 13 strokes

-184-
 >
% ^7 + ^ 9 strokes

(18) zhuyudn
M- * 4* + i 7 strokes
(The meaning side is " \ ", and the phonetic side is "i".)

(19) zhongydo ( t ^ )
|§ —> ^ + £ + 9 strokes

(20) yudnyi (4^it)

JS ' + £j + 'h + *C£ 14 strokes

-185-
 XfBSOi Cultural Notes
R
Chinese Herbal Medicine

Chinese herbal medicine is used in traditional Chinese medical practice, which has a history of thousands of years.
According to tradition, a sage-emperor of remote antiquity called Shennong ("Holy Farmer") experimented with many
types of herbs in order to find cures for his subjects. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine differs from modern Western
medicine in that basically it does not use artificially created chemicals but is extracted directly from natural substances.
Traditional Chinese remedies can be divided into three categories, according to their sources. First is medicine from
vegetable sources, such as the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of plants. Second is medicine from animals, including their
organs and secretions such as bezoar (cow gallstones), snake venom, and deer musk. Third are medicines from mineral
sources, including gypsum and others.
Traditional Chinese medicine can be effective in treating many frequently occurring health problems like the
common cold and fevers. Most doctors agree that side effects from the majority of herbal medicines are relatively mild.
Currently, doctors in China, be they practitioners trained in Chinese or Western medicine, are exploring ways to combine
the two traditions for use in treatment as well as prevention therapies.

-186-
 Ma Dawei recently met a new female friend. In this

(
lesson, he will show us how to (nake phone calls, rent
lodgings, ask for help, and invite people for a visit.

H+ —tS Lesson 13

W o renshi le yi ge pidoliang de guniang

—. iiRg Text

5fC ^: »f[il 4t># T * f , # ^

Song Hud: Ddwei, tlngshud nT de le gdnmdo, xidnzdi nT shentT

zenmeydng?

Md Ddwei: Wd qu le yTyudn, chT le hen dud zhdngydo. Xidnzdi wd tdu hdi ydudidnr teng.

-187-
£ ^: ft Q M -iZ $
Song Hud: NT hdi yinggdi duo xiuxi.

% % A ft ^
Md Ddwei: Song Hud, wd xidng gdosu nT yi jidn shir.

* 4ti /J-// -tll9 Talking about

something that has happened
Song Hud; Shenme shir?

^ iU* 7
*J* J : * rt * JS* i& A
Md Ddwei; Wd renshi le yi ge pidoliang de guniang, td yudnyi zud wd

■k Mo Ain ft
nu pengyou. Women chdngchdng yiqT sdnbu, yiqT kdn

didnyTngN he kdfei, yiqT tTng yinyue.

^ : f t ! ii 1 t | fTo
Song Hud: Zhuhe nT! Zhe shi hdo shi a.

fib
Md Ddwei; Xiexie. Shi hdo shi, keshi wd de sushe tdi xido, td bu neng

f ^ A & J l o ® A ft -ft - )*] chdng Idi wd

zher. Wd xidng zhdo yi jidn fdngzi.
£ ^: ft ft (f^1
^, i i / k i«- - r. ■ ^jlenting a house^
Song Hua: Ni xiang zu fangzi?

-% ft #L - I*] # #4"
^ f7,& ^ J«W # 4"f",@
Md Ddwei; Shi a , wd, xidng zu yi jidn you chufdng he cesuo de fdngzi,

* jfc £
to fdngzu bu neng tdi gui.

Song Hud: XTngqTliu wd gen nT yiqT qu zu fang gdngsT, hdo ma?

i f T o Md
Ddwei; Tdi hdo le.
£J=| Words
New
l. N guniang giri m ^ m m , /hftft
V tlngshuo to be told
V ting to listen
3. # V de to have, to get , WM
4. V gdosu to tell
5. f M jidn (a measure word) piece —'ffiTfE
6. fjl N shir matter; affair; thing —fj^JL, fh^^JL
v. VO sdnbu to take a walk; to walk — jiBi&iJT"
N bu step
8. N didnyTng movie ^S^i^
N didn electricity
N ying shadow
* 9. N kdfei coffee nSH^
10. T^L Conj keshi but

-188-
 * 11. N sushe dormitory
* 12. V zhdo to look for $J^T , $ A ,
13. J-f- N fdngzi house jiB^, M^T,
V zu to rent ffi^,
14. 7%
15. fl] M jidn (a measure word for room, house, etc)—
16. ^4- N chufdng kitchen
17. J»]^f N cesud toilet -fa]M0f, MMJjfr, &M0f
18. N fdngzu rent (for a house, flat, etc)
19. N gdngsT company /JN & B] , , SUr&^l

<5>
-3? #P faj 4^ * 4* *£,
*. friZ <frf>
Md Ddwei; Nd jidn fdngzi fdngzu tdi gul, nT shud, wd yTnggdi zenme ban?

-189-
 ft fa &A Z fa"?

Song Hud: NT xidng zu hdishi bu xidng zu?

Md Ddwei; Ddngrdn xidng zu.

Song Hud; Wd gei Lu Yuping dd ge didnhud, rang td Idi bongzhu

women.

SQ % -It, ^ £ *%?
Md Ddwei; To hen mdng, hui Idi ma?

Song Hud; Td hui Idi.

^ I t T i f g ] Making
& i ^-f: pfi, p^ - 4i fT? ® c-~£^-^ a phone call
Lu Yuping: Wei, nd yi wei a ?
3-

Song Hud; Wd shi Song Hud, wd he Ddwei xidnzdi zdi Jidmei Zu Fdng GdngsT.

Lu Yuping: NTmen zenme zdi ndr?

Song Hud: Ddwei ydo zu fdngzi.

m- f - . ftin &%
Lu Yuping: NTmen kdn mei kdn fdngzi?

£ 4un * T - )^ j-^o #p fa] m

Song Hud; Women kdn le yi jidn fdngzi. Nd jidn fdngzi hen hdo, keshi

&fa #(£JL f-0 fdngzO

ydudidnr gui.

& i^-f: -ft T &^~? ®

Lu Yuping: NTmen zhdo le fingIT meiyou?
-188-

-190-
 /f-b
cp
&An -ft

Song Hud; Women meiyou zhdo jTnglT,

Lu Yuping Song Hud, zhe ge gongsT de jTnglT shi wd pengyou, wd gen td shuo yixid,

qing td bdngzhu nTmen, wd xidng keneng

tSBP\
Invitations J)
meiyou wenti.
Cp yffc

Hdo a. Wdnshang women qing nT he nT pengyou chlfdn. Hdo, nimen

Song Hud:

zdi gongsT deng wd, zdijidn.

Lu Yuping
cp /f-b

M N
Song Hud: Zdijidn.
ew Words

l. & V bdn to do i§t:^,pi

vo dd didnhud to make a phone call ^MtTfeifj
N didnhud telephone; phone call — ^fe"©, Tft^JE&irJ
3. it V rang to let; to allow; to make
4. V bdngzhu to help
5. * Int wei hello; hey
6. £L M wei ' (a polite measure word for person)

-ft/Ma, -imm,
7. ££M N JTnglT manager
8. OpV keneng maybe njf^, «S,
Rj

9. pfe-JK. vo chlfdn to eat (a meal)

N fan meal ■flUtS
10. 3p V deng to wait #A , mm,
11. ^H. PN Jidmei (name of a house rental agency)
N ketTng living room
&Jf
1.
N wdshl bedroom
2. %Y£
3- N shufdng a study
4. # M tdo suite
5. A fdngbidn convenient
6. ^ A qido coincidental
7. A heshl suitable
8. A rexTn enthusiastic
9. V bdokud to include
io. jfc^.fr; N shuTdidnfei utility
n . ft A xTn new
12. I§Mf N/VO huixln reply/to reply

—
>

8 Notes
CD 0M7 # L & f f f i o
 When the adjectives " ^" and " {p" are used as attributive modifiers, we must put

adverbs such as 'i;fM" before them. For example: "^i^^l^" or

"'fM^^^rl", and not "0
tfjfS", "&}" may be left out after "Ug".

"She cannot come to my place very often."

The objects of the verbs ">^,4,PJ,:r±" and the preposition "^£" are generally words of place or location; if they are

not, then "jgtJL" and "J|SJL" must be added to them. For example: "«&JL" , "*^J W J L " , " M f t f i R M f f i J L " ,

"&%M&)L".

We cannot say or "^E^jlip".

Generally, "1^1$" and are used interchangeably.

A declarative sentence can be turned into a question by reading it with the same intonation as an interrogative

sentence.

-192-
(3) n n fti- m ■% M M mm $ $ -f-
"I want to rent a house with a kitchen and a bathroom."

We must add "($" to a verb or verbal phrase to turn it into an adjective modifier. For example:

fM B
^M^gH (the cake given to her) -^"AJfcrrt) A (the people who come today) As has been said previously, the
attributive must be placed before the words it modifies.

"What do you think I should do?

"ifci%>" (or "f a^ t ") is used here to solicit the listener's opinion. "Hello, who is speaking?

"Rp|" is an interjection often used in phone calls as a form of greeting or response. For example:

f^^T^M?

The measure word "fit" applies to persons only and is a more polite and respectful form than the measure word

"^h". For example:

"Have you (found and) talked to the manager? "$££53"

here means "talk to the manager".

® B f c ! . -R it J it Ifc *P ^ JJJf £ rfc t8,

"We'll invite you and your friend to dinner this evening."

"telS" means "to eat (a meal)", " f l f " - Bz^iS" means "to invite someone to dinner (or lunch)".

-193-
 —. §S-3-^§feB Drills and practice

KEY SENTENCES
1. fo Mf l L^ & f!

2. iMri*T ~ffl,£fs,
3. foi\l& J gLBLytW?
4. ^!l)i|^^S„

6. HtJi^^lffr^ ^ ^ ^ A ^ ^ o 7.
8. *^^t^^it ^ o
9. M^ M& fr Mf f tt fl J fr + o

1. iM^TF^-lt^iS. Master the following phrases

( l ) * T - f H J 4 -f iUR7-4M*U£ £ T « ; t « $ , T ^* # L ■i&T-l** iHT-^jS: ^T - M ^ ^T + ^ ^ ^
^ T - ^« * ^T ^x f
( 2 ).R&-ft ^r>l^r f -mra iH&i*
J^&Ji^ ^&>£^& #t>t&&«
(3)il;u j££#|5;i 4k. f f l & W ) l ^-f-fiUL i ^s ^p j L
(4 ) T & £ °T&* ^ T ^f- * ° T M JS& T ^ T f U f
( 5 ) — ^^;L — iUt^M^ #f0]^4-
it>fi'h^L um^EX —f a i & m .
(6)*t#.$J$Hfc
■v jl- 'h
2. Pattern drills
(1) ^.fe ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ o

-194-
(2) 4 M n j :M:Jjr?

(3)
£ EI ^£

if!

(4) ^ ^ 3 H T ^ & t £ , # ^ ?

^Hg i] it^ wenhud

(6) "H/^ —tefT?

-195-
3. M M & f y Make up sentences according to the pictures

4k _____________ o ^ _____________ o

4. ^HHI&^f Conversation practice

[-}'J ' illir5 Making a phone call]

(1) B : ^,««P —#.fT?

A; __________ o

A ; ____________________ o

(2) B:

A: AtfLffl Ac
B: #,tf-Ta

C : «jS.,^,^T^^o

A: ^^^^^fe-^-i/F^ - ^ ^ ^ o

(3) A:

B : ^fT,t-«?
A: i'h

B: *^£0
A: T f r W ^ & t f j & t t ^ & Z'} - ?
B : 82305647 o

A:

« 0 [ffliij-

-196-
Renting a

house]
(1) A: ^i^-fafo

A : _________________________________________________ . ___________ o

B: ft A-elo
( 2 ) A : &&#U§"-f "-S>?
B: ____________ , _____________

B: ms-t^t?
A: __________________________________ i t c

B : ^L^(bdoku6)7jc^f (shuldidnfei)^?

A; J F&f ec

B: T^^T —T^?
A: 3Jj& T ^ o

ttiE ^M^. Asking for suggestions]

(1) A: $ EI 0

#iJL,4^^^*^^t^?

B: 4 f > T ^ £ ^ ______________o

A; ^ M i Z f e r f V l ^ _________ ?
B : _________________________ o
( 2 ) A : A M- ^ i t- ^J l o
B: fl-^^i?

B: _____________________________________________________________________ o

-197-
 l&'Vlf A n i n v i t a t i o n ]

(l) A: ^Mk fatr tW ^?

B $K______________ o

B .,43^?
(2) A
5. ^^^^9 Communication exercises
B
(1 ) Make a phone call from the university dormitory to a friend of yours to tell him/her something
that has happened recently in your A life or studies.
(2) Your mother and father are coming to China to see you, and you want to rent a house
for them. Your request to the rental company is for a large house with a kitchen and
B
a bathroom. Your parents want to live in it for one week.
(3) Thanksgiving Day(^JU T T , Gan'en Jie) is coming and you are inviting a few good
friends to dinner. Some of them can come and some cannot.
( 4 ) You are buying things to make Thanksgiving dinner in a super market. How would you
ask the salesperson for help?

-198-
Sing a song.
1 f 5IA
Kangding Qfngge

m ft ill ± -* m ft

m m
Pdoma liuliu de shdn shdng yi dud liuliu de yun yo
ft A ffi ft *? ^
m A t m
m m
Lijia liuliu de ddjie rencdi liuliu de hdo yo
-* m ft
# ± A* M ft

m
YT Idi liuliu de kdn shdng rencdi liuliu de hdo yo
tJ±fa] ft ft
m £ ? am m
m m
Shijian liuliu de nuzT ren wd liuliu de di yo
■V-U .\.iJ-t '£rj OKn AAi
0^
* « /S/a ft Dudndudn
zhdo zdi Kangding
liuliu de T5T

ddge kdnshdng
Zhdngjid
- * Er Idi mm ft
±
shdng hui dang
tt m
Shijian
mt
ren nT
de ft
liuliu de ft de
kdn
mm ft
M ft !% liuliu de ndnzT
liuliu de

mm ft
liuliu de M
ft de cheng
yo

life m

td yo jia

yo qiu

yo

wan
Yuelidng wan wan

Yuelidng wan
wan
Yuelidng wan
%
Yuelidng wan wan

-199-
 m& mm®
nm
Kangding liuliude
cheng yo
# ± mm®
m m
kdn shdng liuliude td
yo
£ ^ mm® m
m
hui ddng liuliude jid
yo
a wmm®
* m
ren nT liuliude
qiu yo

- 200-
^"iKqTn'ai, dear )#J 'J \^-f-:

^ ^ ^ ( x i a n g , miss)# 0

il, F& tfj -f "ifr4& f J# A #J o ^ 3S^ & (rexTn) , 4& ih&

4 H * T &^H &#j M IE # (huixin)0

□□□□□□

-201-
 Grammar

1. J»rT"(D The Particle "T"(l)

The particle " T" can be used after a verb to indicate realization or completion of an action. For example;

^Til/MMI? Compare: ft^JL^II?

(How many apples have you bought? ) (How many apples are you going to buy?
How many apples will you buy? )

(I have bought five apples.)

(I'm going to buy five apples. I will buy five apples.) If the verb with a " j*" takes an object,
this object usually has an attributive, which, in many cases, is a numeral-measure word, an adjective, or a pronoun.

V + J + Nu—M / A /Pr + 0
Subject Predicate
Verb T Nu-M / Pr / A Object
T l§7o
T mm Mo
"AiM T
A* T
T ago
# 7 J^SkJo
T llf7o

If the object does not have an attributive (eg; T^TP:" or " A A # l1 "), other
elements are needed in the predicate to form a complete sentence. For example;
^imnjmw ,H»JH*^#?
The negative form of this kind of sentence is made by placing or " f iW " before
the verb and dropping " f " after the verb.
+vo

Note; One can never use "s f ^ " to negate this kind of sentence. The V/A-not-V/A
form is "V+&(^)+V" or "V+TM".
V + fi )V + 0

-202-
 v+r+o+

Note: " T " indicates only the stage of the realization or completion of an action, but not the time at which this
action occurs (which may be in the past, present, or future). In this kind of sentence the action, in many cases, has already
happened. It is also possible, though, that the completion of the action will occur in the future. For example:

(Tomorrow afternoon I'll have supper after I have bought the notebooks.) Not all past actions need the particle "
f*". If an action occurs frequently or a sentence describes an action in the past but does not emphasize the completion of
the action, " T'' is not used. For example:
jl^(guoqu, in the past Mil} Hit 5fc3f-$£0
^^(qunicin, last year)^£1171^^^H^ o

2. ^tS^ Pivotal sentences

The pivotal sentence is also a sentence with a verbal predicate. Its predicate is composed of two verbal phrases.
The object of the first verb is simultaneously the subject of the second verb. The first verb in a pivotal sentence should be
a verb with a meaning of "making" or "ordering" somebody to do something, such as "if" or "i_h".
Both " if" and " j_h" have the meaning of requiring others to do something. " if" is used in a formal situation and
sounds polite, "if" also has the meaning of "to invite". For example:
m±mn mmmm £ «0
Subject Predicate
Verb 1 Object 1 (Subject 2) Verb 2 Object 2
if '
mm £5 a m
m

3- HJB3&iTO^I(3) Sentences with an optative verb (3 ):"nr|g",

The optative verb "nJiH" expresses possibility. Besides expressing ability, " z x " is also used to express possibility.
For example:

-203-
 Chinese Characters
1. iSIS'ti'S^^fe Consulting a Chinese dictionary using radicals
Many Chinese character dictionaries are organized according to the order of the characters' "radicals". Radicals
are common components, located on the top, bottom, left, right, or outer part of characters, which usually indicate
the class of meaning to which a
character belongs. For example, "jffe", "M", " W " , and " U " are
grouped under the radical "^C", which is the common component on the left side of these
characters. However, " M . " , "?jt", "feK", and " M " are grouped under the radical
"'k", which is the common component at the bottom of these characters.
In the radical index of a dictionary, radicals are listed in order according to the number of their strokes. In the
index of entries, characters of the same radical are arranged in groups according to the number of their strokes exceeding
those of the radical.
Therefore, after determining the radical of a character, you should count the number of
strokes in the radical and consult the radical index to obtain the page number where the
radical entry can be found in the index of entries. Then, count the number of strokes in the
character excluding the radical and consult the corresponding group to find the character and
its page number in the dictionary. For example, the character will be found under the
" % " radical and in the section containing characters with 9 strokes more than those of the radical.

2. iMI3£^$t^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(1)
gu ancient 5 strokes

(2)
liang good 7 strokes

(3)
chi scold 5 strokes

(4)
shi matter 8 strokes

bu step 17 strokes
(The ancient character depicts two feet walking.)
(6) +L)
didn electricity 5 strokes
(The ancient character depicts lightning.)

f (*+r)
P
(7)
hu door 4 strokes
(The ancient character looks like a door with a single leaf.)

(5)
-204-
 (8)
fdng square 4 strokes

/ n x \ r"» x3 x3 cj K 3
ddu bean 7 strokes
(The ancient character looks like a long-stemmed wine cup.)

do) 'M#) i ji d j fa
bdn to do 4 strokes

di) if / ^ 4 ^ V-% ..
zhu bamboo 6 strokes M F ^
(The ancient character resembles bamboo leaves.)

(12) jfii " f ft )L

fdn reverse 4 strokes

3. i^^^Jt^t^tJC^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing the texts
(1) guniang
—
* ~k + 8 strokes
(The meaning side is "-k ", and the phonetic side is ""£"".)
V
"i|L -i + |L 10 strokes
("-k " suggests that the character is connected with females.)

(2) »JH& tTngshud (Hi£)

p
/f ~~^ t7 + 7 strokes

(3) # de

^f- + EJ + ' + 11 strokes

(4) -grift gdosu

—► + P 7 strokes
(The meaning side is "P".)

iff ~^ \ + Jff1 strokes

(The meaning side is " i ". Note how it differs from "/["".)

(5) jidn
6 str kes
¥r ~* \ + °

(6) sdnbu
-ft + f\ JC 12 strokes

- 205 -
(7) didnylng ( ^ )

+ TjC + ^ 15 strokes

(8) kdfei

VJ)V —> & + ^ + XJ 8

strokes

—> + # 11 strokes
(The meaning side is "a", and the phonetic side is "3p".)

(9) sushe

^£f^'-i>+/f+~if 11 strokes

(denotes a house, shows a mat, and " ^ " suggests a person.)

^ ^ + ^ 8 strokes

denotes a shelter and " " indicates the pronunciation.)

(10) }%^r fdngzi

y§f ~~^ J3 + Z^F 8 strokes
(The meaning is suggested by "jp", and the pronunciation is shown by
 (11) zu

10 strokes

(12) ^-4- chufdng (if J-)

12 strokes

(13) Jij#f cesud (isi^f)

*j -* r + ja + 8 strokes

8 strokes

(14) gdngsT

4 strokes

(15) 4T da

4 : 5 strokes
T
(16) didnhud ( ' t f t )

•iS" —> i + 8 strokes

(Speaking is related to the tongue.)

(17) it rang ( i t )

it —► i + Ji 5 strokes

(18) 3$3 f t bangzhu (%3h) 9 strokes

("^p" denotes the pronunciation.)

7 strokes

T^- T T }^ 4 strokes

(19) PH wei

^ —► & + ^ + T*. 12 strokes

(20) 4i wei

\ + 3. 7 strokes

7 7. 7* 7> 7.
T 3£

207 -
 (21) ^iS JTnglT (MS) 5 strokes

* J + j. 8 strokes

11 strokes
("JL" indicates the pronunciation.)

(zhuzitOU )(The vertical stroke and the vertical stroke v. 11: a hook in "ft" arc hotli written as a dot, when this

character is the top of a miilti-coniponenl r.lmruHer.)

/ f- *- Art

6 strokes

(22) ^ deng
A-Ar

12 strokes

k (shizlpdng) 3 strokes

(23) pttii chlfdn ( v t f c )

7 strokes

Cultural Notes

The Student Dormitory

One of the special features of Chinese universities is that student dormitories are usually integrated into the
university campus. Unlike most Western universities, where dormitories usually do not meet the housing needs of all
students, in China there is usually a residential area on campus where many staff and faculty live, and several large
dormitories where it is mandatory for students to live.
Many students find living in dormitories convenient. Since the buildings are on campus and close to classrooms and
research facilities, students may go to class and libraries on foot and save the time required to commute from off campus.
Moreover, living in dormitories is convenient for socializing, exchanging ideas, and interactive learning.
However, some students find sharing a room with others inconvenient at times. For instance, a dormitory room
cannot possibly provide the privacy needed for a date. In this lesson, Ma Dawei is eager to move out of the dormitory in
order to gain some private space.
-205-
 You have reached the last lesson in this volume! By the end of the lesson, you
wall know how to 1) make complaints and apologies; 2) send regards on someone
else's behalf; 3) ask how a friend is getting along and 4) express greetings at festival
times. This lesson also includes a summary and review of the major grammatical
points covered in the previous lessons. With this review you will be able to see how
many Chinese sentence patterns you have mastered, and evaluate your own progress.
Congratulations on your achievements so far!

Lesson 14 (H*J Review)

Zhu nT Shengddn kudile

Md Ddwei; Libo, shdngwu shi didn ban, nT mama gei nT dd le yi ge

didnhud. Wd gdosu ta nT bu zdi. Wo rang ta zhongwu zdi

gei nT dd.

Ding LibO; Xiexie. Wd gdngcdi qu youju gei wo mama ji le didnr dongxi.

A 4^ frte 7 4t> ft JJi frSMt $ T o

Ddwei, wd jintian ddsdo le sushe, nT de zang yifu tdi duo le.

Md Ddwei: Bu hdoyisi. Zhe lidng tian wd tdi mdng l e , wd xidng

xTngqiliu yiqT xT.

3k PH, 1* ft K m fT, T if f
Ma Ddwei: Wei, nT hdo, nT zhdo shei? A, DTng Libo zdi, qTng deng

-To ?h'A,ft
yixid. Libo, nT mama de didnhud.

rfife:«0 ft m
DTng Libo: Xiexie. Mama, nT hdo!

T ^r: JJi)l,ft *%? DTng Yun: Libo, nT hdo

-209-
 ma?

T A ^o ft
DTng Libo: Wd hen hdo. NT he bdba shentT zenmeydng?

DTng Yun: Wd shentT hen hdo, nT bdba ye hen hdo. Women gongzuo

dou hen mdng. NT wdipd shentT hdo ma?

T d& m it ^ 1-1 #1? # 0 ®

DTng Libd: Td shentT hen hdo. Td rang wd wen nTmen hdo.

r Ain & n * *?0 f t ^ ,

DTng Yun: Women ye wen ta hdo. NT gege, didi zenmeydng?

DTng Libd: Tdmen ye dou hen hdo. Gege xidnzdi zdi yi ge zhongxue

l T x, £ ^ Ain # ft

ddgong, didi zdi ndnfdng luxfng. Women dou hen xidng «1

o
r Am nTmen & ft 4Mn0 4fc ft it tf i
DTng Yun: . Women ye xidng nTmen. NT xidnzdi zenmeydng? NT zhu de

sushe dd bu dd? Zhu jT ge ren?

T JjiJt: Atn W # x # ft ^ A # - fi] 0® $1 -DTng Libo: Women liuxuesheng ldu lidng ge ren
zhu yi jidn. Wo gen yi
DTng Yun:

T :

DTng Yun:

T
DTng Libo:
T
DTng Libo:

T :
DTng Yun:

T ^T:

Shanghai hen pidoliang. Zhu nT luxing kudile.

-210-
iDito & & fa ft >\kfc\£
Xiexie. Wd ye zhu nT he bdba Shengddn kudile!
DTng Ubb:

T : ge Meigud ren zhu, td de Zhdngwen mingzi jido Md Ddwei. Td ye xuexi

DTng Yun:

T Hanyu m a ?
DTng LibO;
*t, - & * > J ^-S -o ll i£ I f I t § I Dui, td ye
xuexi Hanyu. Wd hdi ydu hen dud Zhdnggud

JDML, *Mn ft A & £.n, %j$

pengyou, tdmen chdngchdng bdngzhu wd nidn shengcu fuxi

i^X, a-i#0 i£ ff ft {Ml

kewen^ lidnxi kduyu. Wd hdi chdngchdng wen tdmen yufd

nm,, #/fn * A ^ # Ho
wenti, tdmen ddu shi wd de hdo pengyou.

it to 4^ ft £r & ^
Zhe hen hdo. Libd, jTnnidn nT ydo zdi Zhdnggud gud

f, T> ^ 13J & *Mfc ^ ill ^ Shengddn Jie,

bu neng hui jid, wd he nT bdba ydo song nT

yi jidn Shengddn ITwu

« «J0 ^^ £M
Xiexie nimen. Wd ye gei nimen ji le Shengddn ITwu.

A ft 4r l»l
Shi ma? Shengddn Jie wd he nT bdba xidng qu Ouzhdu

m^ o ft vftf ft ^ ?
luxing. NT ne? NT qu bu qu liixing?

Wd ydo qu Shanghai luxing.

/
f~ V $BU2&]'**
~\

-211-
 New Words

I- + + N zhongwu noon 4^4^, ^ ^4 ^, Mffl—ff1^

2. RJ'J^-
Adv gangcdi just now
3. *(5/^
N V YOUJU post office

NV YOU to post; to mail

V V JU office; bureau
4. ^ 5.
A jl to post, to mail ITF^S, ^f^tM., LIF^ES

ddsdo to dean fo-frBKT nfifa^

6. jji
SDO to sweep
7. IE
ZQng dirty Ufe&fg

BU hdoyiSi to feel embarrassed ^ j &ffcJSift,

8. j& V XT to wash $t# M , ftfcSk
* 9. $Y-^k~ N Wdipd grandmother on the mother's side

10. N Zhongxue middle school ^jglfiP,

11. V ddgong to have a part-time job j£<P^JX, &Wlf7X

12. i$jy5~ N ndnfang south tpBljfcfr,

13. VlUXing to travel £jfeft, iJfc^M, *JlP$;fcjfcrf

*14. ft VXidng to miss; to remember with longing MMW).

15. ^f^r^L N liUXUdsheng student studying abroad; international student

* H ® ^£ , * h @ @ ^£ ,
16. d£ V zhu to live; to stay
17. # N ldu building A ^ m , m m ,
18. *t A dui right, correct %f
19. ^ V nidn to read
20. 4. iff) N shengci new word M ^ M , £^&EI, WL^M
A sheng new
N ci word
21. ^ V fuxf to review M ? 3 £ . M , M ^ & H a , JS^X^
22. i^X N kewen text & w x , ^ ^ w x , m ^ w x , m%x
23. V/N lidnxi to practice/exercise %fc>j ^E. M , W^^3
it V lidn to practice

24. ui$ 25. NNV kduyu spoken language >) □ r§ , |£ P iff grammar

26. it yufd ^'>Ho7£, ifcipfe

NN gud
27. *28. to spend (time); to celebrate (a birthday, a holiday) festival
PN PN
jie ITwu present; gift -ff4LB, ^M?L#J, jgfltfLtl
29. ^rM 30. PN
Shengddn Christmas ^Mt £ifN-

*3i.
OuzhOU Europe

Shanghai Shanghai

Supplementary Words

-212-
 i. V zhengIT to put in order; to arri
2. N didnshl TV
A ludn in disorder; in a mess
3. 31
4. E J - f c N nji diary
5. Hfr A qing sunny
6. N bdogud parcel
7. ']*-$- N jTngxT pleasant surprise
N Shengddn Idoren Santa Claus
8. rgri &^A
9. 7L-S- N Yudnddn New Year's Day
10. N . Chun Jie the Spring Festival
11. N Gdn'en Jie Thanksgiving Day
12. %J£^ N Fuhud Jie Easter

z.
a
m Notes

CD ^IflSo
"^ tfr M. ^ " originally meant "to feel shy", or "to find it embarrassing to do something". For example;
Witsm witM wn&fo
At present, this phrase is often used to express apology. For example:

"I've been very busy during the last few days. I want to wash them all on Saturday." "SW^" means "during the last
few days".

"She asks me to give her greetings to you."

"fnj ... + Pi/NP + tj-\" is a construction used to convey greetings. For example; ftfelRH^^fo (He asked me to
send you his greetings.) (^Tfl{ft)l^ft]}£fo (I would like to ask you to send him my greetings.)

"Is the dormitory you live in big?

When the subject-verb phrase is used as an attributive, "&■}" must be placed between the attributive and the head
word it modifies. For example;

(5) mn mwt A#-f ««i 0

"Two students live in a dormitory in our international student building."

— . ^j5>)-^teffl Drills and practice

■ KEY SENTENCES

- 213,-
 ; 1. #^^,4lil :*t^^Mf^To
:
3. mt&Wfcfa'fte

■ 5.
6. «Mfl
1- l&f&T #11^18. Master the following phrases

(1) i^ii &fo&M>

(2) # ^T - ^^^ —>r-^ #&--'rt«l j&(bidn)

(3) m %&%rft mtAy^^ mt&%%£. & mt&&m^t

(4) fomfc-ft %)%nn &<hU %f ^ l '°1T^^i?W ( & ) T %4fcWfatit * f (6)

*>Mfc£.E|%L\bfaft\k^ fa^3ri&'\&fc fofas-^fcfc

2. %}M$$k Pattern drills

( 1 ) S)'J :fr TM^#£ 7 -^&#o

4&i £ff- & ?

(2) T^UHfeTo #^(zhengll)

^it&o it^i^'h ^ 7 , & M f L * T & 0

(3) JrJr ,t^4W-2>?

(4) «ilT^NU - f £ ?
^■%-^£(didnshi)
2£ %
-214-
 vi£

-215-
 ( 5 ) 4 i M £ # ^ ^& & # ?

( 6 ) ^#^^JLi±JrMf ?

3. ^J^^fM Complete the following conversation

A: m^ l k % M & ^ l o ___

B: i»0 & m * £ % ® L ________________

A : # J ? J f f i £4 ^ £ * L ? B

ABAB

4. ^1^^^ Conversation practice

[ffe^yi-^^jttfc Making a complaint or a n apology]

( 1 ) A : # ^ r — T ^ ^ ^( b i a o , watch) , 51 ^ t / L , £ ?

B : ____________ , & m J r t , k ) l ^ ) l , ^ t T o

(2) A : 4^ & - T o

A: ^*rt&0 _____________________ , ^ , ^ ^ i M o

B: «fl-&&H£^g? A -
[^iiiNfiX Passing on someone's regards]

( 1) A: fcfctk.jm**'?
B: & _____________ ,#^^4r
A: _________________ o

B: \k%%\h\h^^$k$m
A-. ____ ,im ________ o
B: ^#i*miiWa

A: Mo ^n^M ^ o
(2) A: P^-f -X

B: 4 ___________
A: £,$Lfe& ______________ #3#Hg-,-tM&.'I£0

-216-
 B; fjit^?
A: mt* f o i-i^^o

B: _______________ o

[ ~P l-l $i M Extending holiday greetings]

( 1 ) A : 4^^^^(Yudndan),#M£ _____________________________

B: ______________________ o

A: &t-ftiifam$0
B : f7,^^_ ________________ o «lfco

(2) A: fifT?

B : « __________________ o

A; A ______________ ff!
B: _____ □ 4^^t>#l ________________ £ B ,&-£-#Mfc

A : «0 - f r ^E l ^ ^?

B : ^ ^$ , - # £ 9 0

A : &«Mfc£ 0 ']fcfto

-217-
 [ ISL - -J M hf Suggestions and invitalions]

( 1) A: m ^ f c t H w ^ ?

B: w & & t H i * \ 0

A: 4^1-^^^(y6uyong),^-3,?
B : i ^T ! / L A * ?

A : ____________________ o

(2) A: Milfc'N^'l*?

B : ^A ' r ^ o ^t ^ ^J L ?

A : £M^ & & A$ $ b *tiL&fo'!

B : ^U&JUbdoqidn), _______________

5. -9 Communication exercises
(1 ) Your new roommate moved in yesterday. Today you returned to the dormitory to find everything in a mess,
including the kitchen and the bathroom. While you are complaining, your roommate apologizes over and over.

( 2 ) You come across an old classmate whom you haven't seen for a long time. You ask how he/she is doing, and
then ask him/her to give your regards to his/her family.

( 3 ) On Christmas Eve, you and your friends are extending holiday greetings and wishes to one another. One of them

MOW . u><*-< <^s °y

mentions that it is his/her eighteenth birthday, so everyone wishes him/her a happy birthday.

-218-
 EE9- KRf^fDSUS Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

12J18H MS^S ^ 0f ( q i n g )

T LLI AM FO — /il(dl yT C I , the first time) £ T ^ * T

O A^M^— Ji$^FFO ±JL* F ©^(nidnqTng, young)A^M- J f c & ^ ^ O ^

J^^^^^M^ddoren, old man)0

I^ + A , i - ^ ^4 f ^ ^ ^* T - - d v & ^( b a o g u d ) , A -1-^^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ - ^( j T n g x D o A

T ^3MM) ( J i e d d 0 , to receive) T ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ O $J[-I? j # O

fi * ? MJ L %ik% o %%ty1k £teF »1*MT,^#/FMLfc H V t O

a. Grammar
_______________________

1- PS^HJFI^^ Four kinds of simple sentences

Simple Chinese sentences can be divided into four kinds according to the elements, which comprise the main part

of their predicates.

(1 i"]iPIin/nJ Sentences with a verbal predicate

The majority of Chinese sentences have a verbal predicate and are relatively complex. Several types have already

been studied and more examples will be introduced in later lessons. For example;

(2) l\'/'4^ m M W \ / u ] Sentences with an adjectival predicate

In a sentence with an adjectival predicate "/E " is not needed. For example:

(3) f"Jl-n'/pJ Sentences with a nominal predicate

In a sentence with a nominal predicate, nouns, noun phrases, or numeral-measure words function directly as the

main elements of the predicate, which especially describe age or price. In spoken language, it is also used to express time,

birthplace, and so on. For example:

-219-
 (4) iiIriilJ i/Vo] Sentences with a subject-predicate phrase* as predicate

In a sentence with a subject-predicate phrase as predicate, the thing denoted by the subject of the subject-predicate

phrase is usually a part of the thing denoted by the subject of the whole sentence. The subject-predicate phrase describes

or explains the subject of the whole sentence. For example -

2. AC#HN ^r^ Six question types

( 1 ) f%*W*MM Questions with "P^"
This is the most commonly used type of question. The person who asks this kind of question has some idea

concerning the answer. For example;

-220-
 (2) JEfcJfkfflty V/A-not-V/A question

This type of question is also frequently used. The person who asks this kind of question has no idea concerning the

answer. For example;

MM?

( 3 ) "fl#I"]fii>]$J|Vrj B J Questions with an interrogative pronoun

By using "ft", "lt4", "P", "iUL", , , "g'J?" and "

JL", this

type of question specifically asks who, what, which, where, how, how about, or how many. For example;

^Txjim
MJPSA?

(4) J|Jj&"ift Jf.H H Alternalive questions with

There are two (or more) possibilities in this type of question for the person addressed to choose from. For example;

TtiiJg^gAMItSA?

(5) nr&mr'(<&%^ter\"&m?\,»ivm?nm>m Tag questions with -M ?-,

", "«? " or "r.mflBj? " Questions with "#JR^? " or "R TI^H^? " are usually used to ask

someone's opinion concerning the suggestion put forward in the first part of the sentence. Questions with "JI^P H? "

or "^ R S |? " are usually used to confirm the judgement made in the first part of the sentence. For example-.

(6) ¥&%i%"tfyi§y&'&.n/*i Elliptical questions with the question particle

The meaning of this type of question is usually illustrated clearly by the previous sentence. For example:

- 221 -
 A- Chinese Characters
1. Consulting a Chinese dictionary arranged by pinyin alphabetic
order
In many Chinese dictionaries the entries are arranged alphabetically according to Chinese Phonetics (Hanyu
pinyin). Characters with the same pinyin spelling are put under the same entry and then sub-divided according to their
tones. Characters in the same tone group are arranged in order, according to their number of strokes. When the
pronunciation of a character is known, characters are easy to find in this type of dictionary.

2. Learn and write basic Chinese characters

o)* • - j- >;-
Cdi just 3 strokes

(2) & \ n i =7l=J&

you by 5 strokes

(3) ft] ' j '} '}\ ft ft]

Zhou state 6 strokes
("Jl|" is a drawing of a river and the three dots " N" show its islets.)

3. i^^lUC^^^l^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts

j5^(jidnzhTpang) (the "constmclion" side) ? 2 strokes

( l ) JrM Shengddn

3r —* X. + jL 5 strokes

9 strokes

(2) «!]^- gangcdi

RI'J -> fi\ + 'J 6 strokes

(The pronunciation is indicated by "I*]".)

(3) yduju ( $ $ M ) )
7 strokes

(The pronunciation is shown by "&".)

Mi ^ r + 7 strokes

(4) -f

+ * + *r 11 strokes

(5) ft $3 ddsdo

-222-
 (The meaning is indicated by " i ".) 6 strokes

(6) .j& zang ( # )

10 strokes

(7) y f c XI
ft 9 strokes

j +
it
(8) wdipo

11 strokes
(The meaning is suggested by "-&"".)

5 strokes

(9) rlj^r ndnfang

9 strokes

j^- (luzibian ) (the "travel" side) i i' 4 strokes 3

chu "T strokes

(10) iMf lOxing

^ —► + + ^ 10 strokes 6

strokes

^ (liuzijiao) (the "keeping" corner) ^ 3 strokes

^

(li) liiixuesheng ( W - f i )
10 strokes
@ —► * + 77 + tfj

- 223 -
(12) & nidn ( p &)

8 strokes

(13) £.T3\ shengci { ^M)

7 strokes

(The meaning side is " i ".)

(14) fuxi ( ^f )
+ 9 + 9 strokes

(15) lidnxi (&)tf)

8 strokes

(16) yufd
8 strokes

(17) i'/ jie ( : #)

I7 ~* +T 5 strokes

4 (nilJZipang) (the "ox" side) (On the left side of a multi-component character,
H
is vuittcn as "if ".) ' j $ 4 strokes

(18) jlfyj ITwu

/f\j ~ 7} + L 5 strokes

—► 4 + ^7 8 strokes
(The pronunciation is indicated by "^7".)

(19) Bfe-^ Ouzhou (it)>i|)

gfc -H> S + 8 strokes

)>h] — J + ft] 9 strokes

(The meaning side is " } " , and the phonetic side is The character
means an islet in a river or a continent in the ocean.)

(20) _t$- Shanghai

10 strokes
 Cultural Notes

Beijing, Shanghai, the Changjiang River, the Huanghe River,

and the Great Wall

Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China as well as its chief cultural, political, and economic centre.

As the capital city for much of the last eight hundred years, Beijing is rich in historic sites, including the Forbidden City

(Palace Museum), the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven. Modern Beijing is fast becoming a cosmopolitan city

as its economy continues to develop.

Shanghai is China's biggest city in terms of population and its largest industrial centre.

The Changjiang, literally, the "Long River", is commonly known as the Yangtze Rivet-in English. It is the longest

river in China and one of the longest in the world. From its o-rigin in western China, it stretches 6,300 kilometres to where

it enters the East China Sea near Shanghai on the east coast.

The Huanghe, or literally "Yellow River", is the second longest river in China, flowing a total of 5,467 kilometres.

The Huanghe River valley is considered by many to be the cradle of ancient Chinese civilization.

Construction of the Great Wall began more than 2,200 years ago. It ranks among the seven architectural wonders of

the ancient world and is the only cultural artifact on the earth visible from outer space with the naked eye. The present

Great Wall extends more than 2,500 kilometres, but there are actually over six thousand kilometres of walls, since there

are numerous stretches where several walls run parallel to each other. Six thousand kilometres are more than twelve

thousand li, so the Great Wall is often referred to as the wanli changcheng or the "Long Wall of Ten Thousand Li".

Map of China

Pit ^ Appendices
ilF }i 7|t i§ B§ ff2 it —" J*L ^ Abbreviations for Grammar Terms

Abbreviations for Grammar Terms

-225-
Abbreviation Grammar Terms in English Grammar Terms in Grammar Terms in
Chinese Pinyin
A Adjective J£ §is] xfngrdngci
Adv Adverb fuel
AsPt Aspect Particle ddngtdi zhuci
Conj Conjunction lidnci
IE Idiom Expression xigudn ydngyu
Int Interjection HX.lI] tdnci
M Measure Word liangci
MM
MdPt Modal Particle yuqi zhuci
N Noun mingci
%n
NP Noun Phrase mingci cfzu
Nu Numerals shuci
0 Object bTnyu
- Mm
Ono Onomatopoeia xidngshengci
OpV Optative Verb nengyudn ddngci
Pt Particle zhuci
$m
PN Proper Noun zhudnydu mingci
Pr Pronoun ddici
\m
Pref Prefix citdu
Prep Preposition jieci
tin
PW Place Word dididncf
QPt Question Particle yiwen zhuci
QPr Question Pronoun yfwen ddici
S Subject zhuyu
StPt Structural Particle jiegdu zhuci
Suf Suffix ciwei
mm
TW Time Word shijianci
V Verb ddngci
vc Verb plus Complement ddngbushi ddngci
vo Verb plus Object ddngblnshi ddngci
VP Verbal Phrase ddngci cfzu

-226-
 £ mi m ^ ( f f i m r t M )
Vocabulary Index (Simplified Script with
Traditional Version)

m
A
fT (Int) a ah, oh 7
B
(MdPt) ba (modal particle) 12
(N) bdba dad 2,7
IF (Nu) bdi hundred 8
(IE) btiibtii bye-bye( transliteration) 11
(V) ban to do 13
(Nu) ban half 11
t# (V) bangzhu to help 13
(N) bdo newspaper 10
(V/A) baoqidn to feel sorry/sorry 6
(PN) Beijing Beijing 9
(PN) Beibei (name of a dog) 8
(N) benzi notebook 10
(M) bidn number of times (of action) 6
(Adv) bu n o t ; no 2
(IE) bu hdoyisi to feel embarrassed 14
(Adv) buydng need not 5
C
(V) cdnjid to participate; to attend 9
#/T (N) canting dining room 5
(N) cesud toilet 13
Jk /f (M) ceng stoiy; floor 5
(V) chd to be short of, lack 11
ff (Adv) chdngchdng often 10
t (Adv) chdng often 10

- 227 -
I*

(PN) Chen (a surname) 3,11

(V) chT to eat 9
(VO) chTfdn to eat ( a meal) 13
(V) chusheng to be born 9
(N) chufdng kitchen 13
(V) chudn to wear 12
D
(V 0) da didnhud to make a phone call 13
(V) ddgdng to have a part-time job 14
(VO) ddqiu to play ball 6,11
(V) ddsdo to clean 14
(A) dd big, large 8
(N) ddngdo cake 9
(A) ddngrdn as it should be; only natural 8
that
(V) ddo to arrive 11
(V) de to have, to get 13
(Pt) de ( a possessive or modifying 4
particle)
(V) deng to wait 13
(N) didi younger brother 2,8
(N) didn(zhdng) o ' clock 11
(N) didnhud telephone; phone call 13
6fc (N) didnying movie 13
SI
(PN) DTng ( a surname) 2
(PN) DTng Libd ( name of a Canadian stu- 7
dent)
(N)' ddngxi things; objects 11
(Adv) ddu both; all 2,3
(V) dudnlidn to do physical exercise 12
(A) dui right, correct 14
(IE) duibuqT I' m sony 5,10
(IE) dud dd how old 9
(Adv) dud how 9
(QPr) dudshao how m a n y , how much 8
,fi(#) (A) dud many, much 8

228
— (Nu) er two 5
F
(VO) fdshdo to have a fever 12
(V) fdydn to become inflamed 12
(N) fdngzi house 13
(N) fdngzO rent (for a house, flat, etc) 13
(M) fen minute 11
(M) fen(qidn) ( measure word of Chinese 10
monetary unit, equal to 1/
100 & ) ;cent
(V) fuxf to review 14
G
$t (V/N) gdnmdo to have a cold/cold 12
(Adv) gdngcdi just now 14
$H (A) gdoxing happy; pleased 4,7
(V) gdosu to tell 13
-f-f (N) gege elder brother 2
(M) ge (a measure word for general 8
use)
(V) gei to give 10
(Prep) gei to; for 12
(Prep/V) gen with/to follow 10
x4t (V/N) gdngzud to work/work 8
(N) gongs! company 13
(N). gdu dog 8
(N) guniang girl 13
(V) gudhdo to register ( a t a hospital, 12
etc.)
(N) gudngpdn CD 10
(A) gul expensive, precious 10
M
(IE) gul xing what' s your honorable sur- 4
name?
(N) gud countiy, nation 3
m M
(V) gud to spend (time) ; to celebrate 14
it

( a birthday, a holiday)
H

(Adv) hdi in addition 8,1

1
(Conj) hdishi or 12
(N) Hdnyu Chinese (language) 4
(N) Hdnzi Chinese character 11
(A) hdo good; well; fine; O . K . 1,5

- 229 -
 ft (N) hdo number 5,9
(V) he to drink 2,9
(Conj) he and 8
(Adv) hen very 1,7
(N) hong pijtaojiu red wine 9
(V) hui to return 11
J
A, (QPr) jl how many, how much 8
(N) jizhe reporter 4
(V) ji to post, to mail 14
(PN) Jidnddd Canada 4,7
(N) jia family, home 8
(PN) Jiamei ( name of a house rental agen- 13
cy)
ft « (M) jidn (a measure word for room,
house, etc)
13

(M) jidn ( a measure word)piece 13

* (V)
(V)
(N)
jido
jido
jidoshdu
to be called
to teach
professor
4
11
7
■it I7 (N) jie festival 14
(N) jiejie elder sister 8
(V) jieshdo to introduce 7
(N) jTnnidn this year 9
(N) nidn year
(N) jTntidn today 6,9
(M) jTn ( measure word of weight, 10
equal to 500g)
at it (V) jin to enter 5

at* (VC) jin la i to come in 4

-230-
 (N) jTngju Beijing opera 6
MS (N) jTnglT manager 13
(N) juhui get-together; party 9
K
(N) kdfei coffee 2,
(VO) kaixue to start school 7
(V) kdn to watch, to look at 7
(VO) kdnbing to see a doctor 12

*m
(N) kdoyd roast duck 9

(A) ke' di lovely, cute 8

(OpV) keneng maybe 13
(Conj) keshi but 13
(OpV) key! may 4,
M (M) ke quarter (of a n hour) 11
(N) ke class; lesson 9
i%

i
p^ (N) kewen text 14

^X
(Adv) kdngpd to be afraid that; perhaps 6
(M) kou (a measure word mainly for the 8

number of people in a family)

a (N) kduyu spoken language 14
(M) kudi(qidn) (measure word of basic Chinese 10

monetary unit, equal to 10 40;

dollar
(A) kudile happy 9
L
(V) Idi to come 4
(N) Idoshi teacher 3
(A) leng cold 12
(N) ITwu gift; present 11
mh
(PN) Libo ( name of a Canadian student) 1
(V/N) lidnxi to practice/exercise 14
(Nu) lidng two 8
$
T (Pt) le (modal partical/aspect parti-cal) 5,'
(PN) Lidng Zhu (name of a Chinese violin 10

concerto)

k m in

- 231 -
 (PN) Lin Nd ( n a m e of a British
r) student) 1

(Nu) ling mdi zero to buy 5 9

(N) liuxues mdng busy 2,6

heng student studying abroad;

mdo(qidn) in- word 14of Chinese
( measure 10
(N) terna monetary u n i t , equal to 1/10
(PN) tiona $k) ; dime
(V) l mei not 8
stude mei gudnxi nevermind; it doesn' t matter 5

nt mei every; each 12

(N)
Idu building
Meigud the United States; 14
America 4,7
(PN)
LCl meishu fine arts 7
(QPt)
Yuping (name of a Chinese
meimei reporter)
younger sister 1 8
(V) luxing td to travel 14 4 K
(used after pronouns , iH , 2,3
(A) M f& or certain nouns to denote

(M) plural)
mama mom 2
mingpidn calling card 7
Md
mingzi name 7
Ddwei (name of an American student) 4,7
(Adv) mingtian tomorrow 6
ma (Inteirogative particle for ques- 1, 2
(IE)
t N
(Pr) nd i which 3
(PN) ndr o where 5
(N) ndli n no ( a n expression of modest 11
■SpJE.
(N) denial)
(Sui) nd e that 3

ndr x there 10

p
ndinai grandmother on the f a t h e r ' s 3
(N)
e side
(N) c
(N) t
i

(QPr) n

(QPr) g

(IE)
y
(Pr) e
(Pr) s

(N) -
n
o

a
n
s
w
e

232
 ( A) ndn male 2,8
(N) ndnfdng south 14
% (MdPt) ne ( a modal particle used for el- 1,2
liptical questions)
(OpV) neng can; be able to 11
tit
(Pr) nT you 1,3
(Pr) nimen you (pi. ) 6
mi
"I* (V) nidn to read 14
(Pr) nin you (polite form) 3,4
( A) nu female 5
-k
0
(PN) Ouzhou Europe 14
P
(N) pengyou friend 2,4
^£
-er
( A) pidoliang pretty, beautiful; nice 9
/TIT 5C
(M) ping bottle 9
(N) pinggud apple 10
(N) putao grape 10
Q
(VO) qTchudng to get up 11
(N) qidn money 10
if (V) qTng please 4
(V) qTng wen May I ask. . . ? 4,5
(V) qu to go 6
(N) qudnshen all over ( t h e body) 12
R
ih (V) rang to let; to allow; to make 13
A. (N) ren people, person 3
(V) renshi to know (somebody) 4
( A) rdngyi easy 10
S
(VO) sdnbu to take a walk; to walk 13
(N) sdngzi throat 12
(N) shdngchdng market; bazaar; shopping mall 10
(PN) Shanghai Shanghai 14
(VO) shdngke to go to class (both students 11
and teachers)
(N) shdngwu morning 9
(QPr) shei who; whom 3,7

**
^ ft (N)
(QPr)
(N)
shentT
shenme
shengci
body, health
what
new word
12
4,6
14
(N) shengri birthday 9
Irt It (PN) Shengddn Christmas 14
(N) shTfu master worker 10
(N) shihou time; moment 6
at N (N) shijidn time 6
(N) shir matter; affair; thing 13
(V) shl to be 3
(N) shdumidn (birthday)longevity noodles 9
(N) shu book 10
(A) shufu comfortable 12
(N) shuT water- 12
(VO) shuijido to sleep 11
(V) shui to sleep 11

& (V) shud to say; to speak 6

(N) sTjT driver 11
0 fa
E9 (Nu) si four 5
(PN) Sdng Hud ( n a m e of a Chinese student) 5,9
£^

- 233 -
 (N) song to give ( a s a present) 10
(N) sushe dormitory 5,13
(M) sui year (of age) 9
(N) suishu years (of age) 11
(N) sunnur granddaughter on son' s side 11
T
(Pr) tdmen they; them 2,3
(Pr) td h e ; him 2,3
(Pr) td she; her 3
(Adv) tdi too; extremely 6
31$. (A) teng painful 12
(N) tian day 6
(N) tianqi weather 6
^\
(V) tTngshuo to be told 13

*ft® (N)

(N)
tou
W
wdiguo
head

foreign country
12

8
(N) wdipd grandmother on the mother's side 3,b
(N) wdiyu foreign language 3,8
fti&
(V) wdnr to have fun, to play 11
t& (A) wan late 5,1
(N) wdnshang evening, night 11
(PN) Wang Xidoyun (name of a Chinese student) 5,8
(Qpr) weishenme why 11
(M) wei (a polite measure word for person ) 13
(Int) wei hello; hey 13
x* (N) wenxue literature 7
ft W (V) wen to ask 7
(N) went! question 11
(Pr) wd I ; me 1,5
(Pr) we; us 2
women X
(N) xTydo Western medicine 12
(V) XI to wash 14
(V) xThuan to like, to prefer 8
(N) XI faculty; department 7
(N) xidwu afternoon 9
(N) xidnsheng Mr. 4,H
(N) xidnzdi now 6
(N) xidngjiaopinggud apple with a banana taste 10
(N) xidngjido banana 10
(V/OpV) xidng to t h i n k ; to miss/to want to do 12,

sth.
<J> (A) xiao little, small 8
(N) xidojie Miss; young lady 5
(V) xie to write 11
(V) xiexie to thank 5,
mm 6
(N) xTngql week 9
EI (N) xTngqTri Sunday 9
(V) xing to be 0 . K. 6
■& (V/N) xing one's surname is. . ./surname 4
(V) xiuxi to take a rest 12
^x (N) xuesheng student 4,
5
(V) xuexi to learn; to study 4,
7
(N) institute; college 4,
xueyudn Y
7
(PN) Ydng ( a surname) 4

-234-
 (N) ydo medicine 12
(V/OpV) ydo to want/must; to want to do s t h . 2,1
1
(Adv) ye too; also 1
(Nu-M) (yi)didnr a litde bit 11
(Adv) yigdng altogether 8
(Adv. ) yiqi together 12
—T yfxid (used after a verb to indicate a 7
short, quick, random, informal
action)
#JR. (N) yTfu clothes 12
£4 14 (N) yTsheng doctor; physician 3
HF& (N) yTyudn hospital 12
(N) yTnyue music 7,1
1
(OpV) yTnggdi should; ought to 11
(PN) YTnggud Great Britain; England 4
%\% (N) YTngyu English 11
(N) yduju post office 14
(VO) youydng to swim 6
(V) ydu to have 6
(Adv) ydudidnr somewhat; rather; a bit 12
t& (A) ydumfng famous 10
(IE) ydu yisi interesting 6
(N) yufd grammar 14
■25--^- (N) yiiydn language
pp a 4
A* (OpV) yudnyi to be willing to do sth. 12
z
#1, (IE) zdijidn good-bye 5
(Adv) zdi again 9
(V) zdi to be ( here, there) ; to be ( i n , 5,1
(
on, at)

# (A) zdng dirty 14

(QPr) zenme how 10

(QPr) zenmeydng how is it? 6,9
3L (PN) Zhdng ( a surname) 7
(M) zhdng ( a measure word for flat objects) 8
(V) zhdo to look for 13
#,(4*,) (V) zhdo(qidn) to give change 10
(N) zhdopidn picture, photo 8
it (Pr) zhe this 3,5
(Pr) zher here 5
( A / Adv) zhen real/really 8
A
(V) zhTdao to know 5
tm T 7
SI (PN) Zhonggud China 3
tx (N) Zhdngwen Chinese 7
t+ (N) zhongwu noon 14
t* t* (N) zhongxue middle school 14
t« t* (N) zhdngydo traditional Chinese medicine 12
4 4 (V) shu to be born in the year of 9
ter% (VO) zhuyudn 12
to be in hospital; to be hospitalized
(V) zhu to live; to stay 14
(V) zhuhe to congratulate 9
(V) zhu to wish 9
(N) zhudnye major; specialty 7
(V) zu to rent 13
(N) zudtidn yesterday 6,1
(V) zud to sit 5

- 235 -
#1 (V) zud to d o ; to make 8,1"

-236-
 *h % ill / C
Supplementary Words

B
(N) bdogud parcel 14
(V) bdokud to include 13
(M) bei cup of 10
(M) ben (measure word for books and 10
notebooks)
(N) bi pen 10
( A) pibnyi cheap; inexpensive 10
(N) bido watch 11
C
(N) chd tea 9
(VO) chdngge to sing(a song) 11
(N) che car; vehicle 8
(N) Chun Jie the Spring Festival 14
#- y
(N) cidian dictionary 8
n&
D
(VO) dadT to take a taxi 11
(VO) ddzhen to have an injection 12
(N) ddbidn stool 12
(N) didnndo computer 8
%m
(N) didnshi TV 14
(N) duzi abdomen; stomach 12

yf 'flL ( A) fdngbidn convenient 13

^ (M) fen (measure word for publica- 10
tions such as newspapers)
JL^ T ? $L'/£tp (N) Fuhud Jie Easter 14
(N) Gdn'en Jie Thanksgiving Day 14
(N) gongchengshT engineer 8
H
(N) hdizi child 8
(N) hdnbdo hamburger 9
(A) heshi suitable 13
(N) hudxue chemistry 7
(V) hudydn to have a medical test 12
(V) huidd to answer 11
(N/VO) huixin reply/to reply 13
J
#t (N) jidoyu education 7
(N) jTngjl economy 7
(N) jTngxT pleasant surprise 14
K
M+ (VO) kdiche to drive a car 11
(VO) kdiddo to have an operation 12
(N) kele coke 9

-237-
 (N) ketTng living room 13
L
(N) lishl history 7
(A) lidngkuai cool 12
(N) IQshl lawyer 8
#^
(A) ludn in disorder; in a mess 14
M
t (V) mdi to sell 10
(N) mifdn (cooked) rice 9
(N) midnbdo bread 9
N
(A) ndn difficult 1
1
(N) niundi milk 9

-238-
4>8 (N) pfjiu beer 9

Q
( A) qido coincidental 13
( A) qing sunny 14
R
( A) re hot 12
(N) regdu hotdog 9
,v ( A) rexTn enthusiastic 13
EI -if: E) Iff! (N) riji diary 14
S
(N) shenghud life 12
(N) Shengddn Santa Claus 14
Idoren
f 1f j« (N) shduhudyudn shop assistant; salesperson 10

43/£ (N) shudidn book store 10

#4- ♦ 4- (N) shufdng a study 13

(N) shuxue mathematics 7

^€ f (N) shuldidnfei utility 13
T
(M) tdo suite 13
(N) tTyugudn gym 10
(VO) tidowu to dance 11
W
(N) wdigdng giandfather on the mother' s 8
side
(N) wenhud culture 7
(N) wdshl bedroom 13
(N) wuli physics 7
X
(N) xTcdn Western food 9
(VO) xTydn to smoke 11

-239-
 (N) xizhuren chairman of the department 8

(VO) xidke to get out of class; to finish 11

class
(N) xidobidn urine 12
(A) xin new 13
(V) xudnxiu to take a n elective course 7
(N) xuebi Sprite 9
(N) xie blood 12

(N) y a yeye tooth 12

(N) grandfather on the father' s 8

yinyue side
(N) YTngwen music 7
(N) yuan English 12

70 (M) ( t h e same as but used 10

Yudnddn in written language)
(N) New Year's Day 14
Z

zhexue
(N) zhengll philosophy 7
(V) to put in order; to arrange; 14
zhl
to sort out
(M) (a measure word for stick- 10
zhdngcdn
like things such as pens)
(N) zhujiao
Chinese food 9
(N) zudjid teaching assistant 8
(N)
writer 10

-240-
 & ^ m 5i
Character Index

A 11 % 11
m 9 6 13
7 7 12 13 13 5
#
t 8 f 10 4 2 9 6
10 13 10 ft 13 9
B ft 11 4& 12 8 8 14
1 r 12 *t 10 10 8 6
7 9 6 10 11 9
7 13 £ 8 X 6 9 11
12 19 13 *. 1
4 9 E 7 K
If 8 13 JL 5 8 J 13
11 12 4- 9 8 #1 11 7
& 13 11 5 13 8 7
11 13 13 10 9
f 13 -t 6 F 12 4 4
10 12 10 14 *] 11
jb 9 D 14 4 7 9
3 4l 13 13
m 3
% 8 2
10 *L 2 13 9 6 & 10
■ft
b 3 14 13 it 14 5 9
12 9 10 13
Pi
at 7 8 JUL 12 H 10 T
b 8 2 5c 7 14 4 7
2 11 14 4 7 /

3
13 13 10 5 I7 14
# ft
12
4 9 5
c 13 G 8 ft 7 11
s.
14 8 it 11 fa 8 ^ 9 13
9 11 12 9 10 *l 14
13 13 fH'J 14 7 5 ^7 1
it
5 T 2 7 & 9 9 6
t- J21

- 241
 14
n 7 *3 9 -1 13 9 12
6 10 10
12 9
5 14 1
10 N 10
% 9 7
13 7 6
8 3 10 10 X % 11
9 3 6 13 8
— 1
T 5 ■t ot 3 8 13 11 12
9 12 3
1 4 JL 5 K
O 5 14 5 11 7 11
4^ 12 2 5 13 14 10
& h
14
2
it 11
2
6
6
T
-±r
8
7
* 6
10
14 ft 3 12
14 9 8 3 T 7 11
14 3 it 10 11
M 13 R A 6 6 13
% 9 10 6
2 4 8
-2, 1 1 it 13
-k
2 - A 3
9 0 4
<\£ 6 14 EI 3
10 10
f 12 P
6 6 S

*
8 10 6
12 4 13
7 7 12
8 7 14
n 1 9 ft 10

in 3 10 Jl 9
9 10 & 12
11 9 8
9 14 7
10 9 13
7 6
6 Q 6
12 4 3
1 9 14
3 12 12
9 11 4
r
-t- 3 6 11
6 SI 4 it 6
3 13 4
4 9 7
8 2 9
13 14
3 W 4
4 9 12
9 8 5
7 11 10
10 11
12 6 Y
9 7 9
7 8 12
It 11 13 4
it 7 13 12
?K 4 X 5 11
Si 11 ft 5 4
6 5 7
A 6 1 # 9

-242-
M 5
& 14
14

m 6
X 4

t 6
X 2
f 12

J§ 11
4
i 3
7L 7
Pit 7&
12 /I
4 10 8
Z
# 5
£ 5
14
& 9
* 11
& 7
& 10
J& 8

# 3
i* 5
A 8
X 4

J. 11
t 3
4f 11

% 10
1
4
■^1
14
13
i 12 &
12 #L
9 t
7 -f- 5
^ 7

& 12
A 10
13
JL 10
Bt 13
# 8
^ 5
$t 8

-243-
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Shi jiawei,iLsigiM*^i,±ifl£S«Mrigig||^gfi^0 S^ifei" ^ i g ^ 4

 New Practical Chinese Reader

By Liu Xun (chief compiler)

Zhang Kai, Liu Shehui, Chen Xi, Zuo Shandan & Shi Jiawei

NPCR is a new series of textbooks designed for native English speakers to learn Chines It consists of
seventy lessons in six volumes, covering beginning to intermediate levels, for three years of instruction. It has
been compiled under the guidance of the new NOCPL Syllabus and in consultation with the HSK Guideline.
The objective of this series is to develop the student's ability to communicate using Chinese through the
study of language structure, language function, and related cultural knowledge along with the training of
listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.
In order to make the study of Chinese easier and more interesting, this textbook has the following
features:
■ The student will be in the cultural setting of Chinese society with several international students, Ding
Libo (son of Gubo and Ding Yun), Lin Na and Ma Dawei. Through many interesting experiences, the
student will not only learn authentic Chinese but also understand Chinese society and culture.
■ The instruction of functional items is emphasized. The student will learn to use Chinese from the very
beginning of the learning process.
■ Attention is paid to the instruction of pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and discourse and a gradual
increase in difficulty, orderly advances and multiple repeats are stessed along with the usage of four large
cycles to help students understand the language structure of Chinese.
■ A new method of teaching Chinese characters is utilized to help students read and write intriguing
characters.
■ Combined instruction of the four basic skills, listening, speaking, reading and writing, is emphasized.
■ Offering tremendous flexibility, the instructional materials are suitable for users at different starting
points and with different goals.
■ Abundant practice materials are supplied for the student to use inside and outside the classroom.
■ Each volume comes with a student's Workbook and an Instructor's Manual along with audiocassette and
CD-ROM. Texts in traditional characters are provided.

9787561910405 mmm-. ±
m
fit Sh ^RH1