FUNCTIONS OF STATISTICAL TESTS

Chi-square test: Typically used to analyze the relationship between two variables when these conditions
are met:
 Both variables are qualitative in nature (nominal level)
 The two variables have been measured on the same individuals
 The observations on each variable are between-subjects in nature

T-TESTS

Student’s t Statistics: The student’s t may be used as a model for testing a hypothesis about the mean of
a normally distributed population. Typically, the procedure is used to determine whether the population of
interest differs significantly from the norm group (Small sample <30).

T-test for Two Independent Samples

(Functions)
1. When one likes to find out whether the difference calculated between 2 independent samples is
statistically significant or not.
2. When one likes to test whether 2 populations have different means.

(Assumptions)
1. The 2 squares are random samples from the 2 populations of interest. N
2. The measured variable is approximately normally distributed and continuous.
3. Measurement is the strength of internal measurement.

Mann-Whitney U Test: non parametric; assumptions of the t-test (of independent samples) cannot be
met

T-test for Two Correlated Sample

(Functions)
1. When one likes to find out whether the difference calculated between 2 correlated samples is
statistically significant or not.,
2. When one likes to test whether 2 populations have different means.

(Assumptions)
1. Measurement is on an interval/ratio scale
2. The distribution of the variable is approximately normal
3. Each individual is measured twice – once before the specified treatment and again following the
specified treatment – or matched pairs of individuals are measured.
4. The data constitute a random sample from the population of interest.

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test: non-parametric; when the assumptions of t-test for correlated means are
not met

One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): ANOVA is used for testing the hypothesis that two or more
independent samples were drawn from populations having the same mean.
Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance: When we desire to compare several independent
groups rather than only two, we may use an extension of the Mann-Whitney U test, which is called the
Kruskal Wallis One-Way ANOVA (non-parametric One Way ANOVA)

Parametric Tests Non-Parametric Tests

(Assumes that data is normally distributed) (Assumes that data is not normally distributed)

T-test for Independent Samples Mann-Whitney U (MWU) Test

T-test for Correlated Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank (WSR) Test

One Way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA

Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient: A statistic which is used to measure the relationship of paired
ranks assigned to individual scores on two variables. A correlation estimates the degree of association of
two sets of variables in a least an ordinal scale so that the subjects under the study may be rankled inj a
two-ordered series.