Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
AIRPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
AIRSPACE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CHART LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
CULTURE
RAILROADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
ROADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
POPULATED PLACES OUTLINED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
BOUNDARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
HYDROGRAPHY
SHORELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
LAKES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
RESERVOIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
MISCELLANEOUS HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
COASTAL HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
RELIEF
CONTOURS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
ELEVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
UNRELIABLE RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
SHADED RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
AREA RELIEF FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
MISCELLANEOUS RELIEF FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8
GENERAL INFORMATION
Symbols shown are for World Aeronautical Charts (WAC), Sectional aeronautical charts and Terminal Area Charts
(TAC). When a symbol is different on any VFR chart series, it will be annotated thus:
WAC or Not shown on WAC.
9 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
AIRPORTS AIRPORTS
LANDPLANE- SEAPLANE-
MILITARY EMERENCY
Refueling and repair No facilities or complete
facilities for normal traf- information is not avail-
fic. able
LANDPLANE-CIVIL
Refueling and repair
facilities for normal traf-
fic.
AERONAUTICAL
INFORMATION
SEAPLANE-CIVIL
Refueling and repair
facilities for normal
traffic.
LANDPLANE
CIVIL-MILITARY
Refueling and repair
facilities for normal
traffic.
SEAPLANE CIVIL-
MILITARY
Refueling and repair
facilities for normal traf-
fic.
LANDPLANE-
EMERGENCY
No facilities
or
Complete information is
not available.
BROADCAST
STATIONS (BS)
VOR
FLIGHT SERVICE
STATION (FSS)
VORTAC
VOR-DME
REMOTE COMMUNI-
CATIONS OUTLET
(RCO)
NON-DIRECTIONAL
RADIOBEACON
(NDB)
NDB-DME
LONG RANGE
RADAR STATION
(LRRS)
11 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CLASS B AIRSPACE CLASS D AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as
required may be
shown.
Only the airspace
effective below
18,000 feet MSL are
shown.
(Mode C see
FAR 91.215 /AIM)
All mileages
are nautical (NM).
All radials
are magnetic.
CLASS E AIRSPACE
The limits of Class E
airspace shall be
shown by narrow
vignettes or by the
dashed magenta
symbol. Individual
units of designated
airspace are not nec-
essarily shown;
instead, the aggre-
gate lateral and verti-
cal limits shall be
defined by the follow-
ing:
Airspace beginning at
the surface desig-
nated around air-
ports ...
CLASS C AIRSPACE Airspace beginning at
700 feet AGL ...
Appropriate notes as Airspace beginning at
required may be 1200 feet AGL or
shown. greater that abuts
uncontrolled air-
(Mode C see space (Class G) ...
FAR 91.215 /AIM)
Differentiates floors
of airspace greater
than 700 feet above
the surface...
When the ceiling is
less than 18,000 feet
MSL, the value, pre-
fixed by the word
"ceiling,” shall be
shown along the lim-
its.
OFFSHORE
CONTROL AREAS
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 12
AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CANADIAN AIR DEFENSE
AIRSPACE IDENTIFICATION
ZONE (ADIZ)
Individual units of
designated Canadian Note. Delimiting line
airspace are not nec- not shown when it
essarily shown; coincides with Inter-
instead, the aggre- national Boundary,
gate lateral and verti- projection lines or
cal limits shall be other linear features.
portrayed as closely
as possible to the
comparable U.S. air- LOW ALTITUDE
space. AIRWAYS
VOR and LF / MF
(CLASS E AIRSPACE)
Appropriate notes as
required may be Low altitude Federal
shown. Airways are indicated
by centerline.
Only the controlled
airspace effective
below 18,000 feet
MSL is shown.
MISCELLANEOUS
AIR ROUTES
FLIGHT
INFORMATION
REGIONS (FIR)
and /or (CTA)
OCEANIC
CONTROL AREAS
(OCA)
13 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
SPECIAL USE SPECIAL AIR
AIRSPACE TRAFFIC RULES /
AIRPORT PATTERNS
Only the airspace (FAR 93)
effective below
18,000 feet MSL are
shown.
SPACE
OPERATIONS
AREA
(FAR 91.143)
MODE C
(FAR 91.215)
Appropriate notes as
required may be
shown.
MILITARY TRAINING
ROUTES (MTR)
MISCELLANEOUS
AIRSPACE AREAS
Parachute Jumping
Area with Frequency
Glider
SPECIAL MILITARY Operating Area
ACTIVITY ROUTES
(SMAR)
Ultralight
Activity
Hang Glider
Activity
National Park,
Wildlife Refuge,
Primitive and
Wilderness Areas,
etc.
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 14
AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
SPECIAL AIRSPACE IFR ROUTES
AREAS
Appropriate notes as
Appropriate notes as required may be
required may be shown.
shown.
Arrival
Departure
SPECIAL FEDERAL
AVIATION
REGULATIONS
(SFAR) AREAS
CHART LIMITS
NATIONAL
SECURITY AREA OUTLINE ON
SECTIONAL OF
TERMINAL AREA
CHART
HIGH ENERGY
RADIATION
AREAS
Appropriate notes as
required may be
shown.
OUTLINE ON
SECTIONAL OF
THE INSET CHART
TERMINAL RADAR
SERVICE AREA
(TRSA)
Appropriate notes as
required may be
shown.
15 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
ISOGONIC LINE & AERONAUTICAL
VALUE LIGHTS
Isogonic lines and
values shall be based
on the five year epoch
chart.
LOCAL MAGNETIC
NOTES
Unreliability Notes
COMPASS ROSETTE
Shown only in areas
void of VOR roses.
Compass rosette will
be set to ground
magnetic variation.
MARINE LIGHTS
With Characteristics
INTERSECTIONS of Light
Named intersections
used as reporting
points. Arrows are
directed toward facili-
ties which establish
intersection.
AERONAUTICAL
LIGHTS
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 16
NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
VISUAL GROUND MAXIMUM
SIGNS ELEVATION
FIGURE (MEF)
Shore and
Landmarkers
WARNING, CAUTION
NOTES
VFR CHECK
POINTS Used when specific
area is not demar-
cated.
VFR WAYPOINTS
Stand-Alone
Colocated with
VFR Check Point
OBSTRUCTION
GROUP
OBSTRUCTION
HIGH INTENSITY
OBSTRUCTION
LIGHTS
High intensity lights
may operate part-
time.
17 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information
CULTURE CULTURE
RAILROADS RAILROAD SIDINGS
All gauges AND SHORT SPURS
Single Track
TOPOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION
ROADS
Double Track
Dual Lane
Category 1
More Than
Two Tracks
Primary
Category 2
Electric
Secondary
Category 2
RAILROADS IN
JUXTAPOSITION
TRAILS
Category 3
Provides symboliza-
RAILROAD- tion for dismantled
NONOPERATING, railroad when com-
ABANDONED, bined with label "dis-
mantled railroad."
DESTROYED,
OR UNDER ROAD MARKERS
CONSTRUCTION
U.S. Route No.
ROAD NAMES
Location Only
ROADS UNDER
RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION
STATIONS
Features Related to
Railroads and Roads
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 18
CULTURE CULTURE
BRIDGES FERRIES, FERRY
AND VIADUCTS SLIPS AND FORDS
Railroad
Road
OVERPASSES AND
UNDERPASSES
PROMINENT
CAUSEWAYS FENCES
TUNNELS-ROAD BOUNDARIES
AND RAILROAD
International
POPULATED
PLACES OUTLINED
State and
Large Cities Provincial
Category 1
Cities and
Large Towns Convention or
Category 2 Mandate Line
POPULATED
PLACES
Shaft Mines
and Quarries
POWER SEAWALLS
TRANSMISSION &
TELECOMMUNICA-
TION LINES
PIPELINES BREAKWATERS
PIERS, WHARFS,
Underground QUAYS, ETC.
DAMS MISCELLANEOUS
CULTURAL
FEATURES
DAM CARRYING
ROAD OUTDOOR
THEATER
Definite
LOOKOUT TOWERS
Air marked
identification Fluctuating
LANDMARK AREAS
Unsurveyed
Indefinite
TANKS
Man-made
LAKES
COAST GUARD Label as required
STATION
Perennial
When too numerous
to show individual
lakes, show represen-
tative pattern and
descriptive note.
AERIAL
CABLEWAYS,
CONVEYORS, ETC. Non-Perennial
(dry, intermittent, etc.)
Illustration includes
small perennial lake
HYDROGRAPHY RESERVOIRS
OPEN WATER
Natural Shorelines
Man-made
Shorelines
INLAND WATER
Label when neces-
sary for clarity
MISCELLA-
NEOUS HYDRO-
GRAPHIC
Under Construc- FEATURES
tion Sand Deposits In
and Along
Riverbeds
AQUEDUCTS
Non-Perennial
Fanned Out
Abandoned or
Under
Alluvial fan Construction
Braided Underground
Suspended or
Disappearing Elevated
Seasonally
Fluctuating
Tunnels
with undefined limits
Kanats
with maximum bank
limits, prominent and Underground aque-
constant duct with air vents
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 22
HYDROGRAPHY HYDROGRAPHY
FLUMES,
PENSTOCKS AND
SIMILAR FEATURES
To Scale
Abandoned or
Elevated Under
Construction
Underground To Scale
Single-Line Non-Perennial
RAPIDS
Double-Line Abandoned
or Ancient
Single-Line Numerous
Representative pat-
tern and/or descrip-
tive note.
CANALS
Numerous
23 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information
HYDROGRAPHY HYDROGRAPHY
COASTAL HYDRO- LAND SUBJECT TO
GRAPHIC FEATURES INUNDATION
SALT EVAPORATORS
AND SALT PANS
MAN EXPLOITED
MANGROVE AND
NIPA
Glacial Moraines
Bare or Awash
WRECKS
Permanent
Polar Ice
Exposed
REEFS-ROCKY
OR CORAL
Pack Ice
MISCELLANEOUS
UNDERWATER
FEATURES NOT
OTHERWISE
SYMBOLIZED
Basic Approximate
location
Approximate Critical
MOUNTAIN PASS
Auxiliary
HACHURING
Depression
Illustration includes
mound within
depression
UNSURVEYED
AREAS
DISTORTED
Position Accurate, SURFACE
Elevation AREAS
Approximate
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 26
RELIEF RELIEF
LAVA FLOWS CRATERS
MISCELLANEOUS
RELIEF FEATURES
To Scale
SAND DUNES
To Scale
SHADED RELIEF
ROCK STRATA
OUTCROP
AREA RELIEF FEA-
TURES
QUARRIES TO
SCALE
STRIPMINES, MINE
DUMPS AND
TAILINGS
To Scale
27 HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
AIRPORTS RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
LANDPLANE VHF
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL
All recognizable run- RADIO (VOR) RANGE
ways, including some
which may be closed,
are shown for visual
identification.
HELICOPTER ROUTE
CHARTS
HELIPORT
SEAPLANE
ULTRALIGHT
FLIGHT PARK VOR
AIRPORT DATA
GROUPING
Boxed airport name
indicates airport for VORTAC
which a Special Traf-
fic Rule has been
established.
VOR-DME
NON-DIRECTIONAL
RADIOBEACON
(NDB)
NDB-DME
HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 28
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
NAVAIDS USED CLASS B AIRSPACE
TO DEFINE
CLASS B AIRSPACE Appropriate notes as
required may be
shown. (Mode C see
FAR 91.215/AIM)
BROADCAST
STATIONS (BS) All radials are
magnetic.
FLIGHT SERVICE
STATION (FSS)
CLASS C AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as
required may be
shown. (Mode C see
FAR 91.215/AIM)
REMOTE
COMMUNICATIONS
OUTLET (RCO)
29 HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CLASS D AIRSPACE HELICOPTER
HELICOPTER ROUTE ROUTES
CHARTS
SPECIAL USE
AIRSPACE
Only the airspace
effective below
18,000 feet MSL is
shown.
CANADIAN AIRSPACE
The type of area shall
Appropriate notes as be spelled out in large
required may be areas if space per-
shown. mits.
MILITARY TRAINING
ROUTES (MTR)
SPECIAL AIR
TRAFFIC RULES /
AIRPORT TRAFFIC
AREAS
(FAR PART 93)
Appropriate boxed
notes as required
shown adjacent to
area.
MODE C
(FAR 91.215)
Appropriate notes as
required may be
shown.
HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 30
AIRSPACE INFORMATION NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
MISCELLANEOUS OBSTRUCTIONS
AIRSPACE AREAS
Parachute Jumping
Area with Frequency
Ultralight Activity
SPECIAL CONSERVA-
TION AREAS
National Park,
Wildlife Refuge,
Primitive and
Wilderness Areas, MAXIMUM
etc. ELEVATION FIGURE
(MEF)
WARNING, CAUTION
NOTES
VFR WAYPOINTS
Stand-Alone
Colocated with
VFR Check Point
31 HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Topographic Information
CULTURE HYDROGRAPHY
RAILROADS SHORELINES
Single Track
Double Track
Dual Lane
Primary
RESERVOIRS
BRIDGES
RELIEF
SPOT ELEVATIONS
Built-up Areas
BOUNDARIES
International
State and
Provincial
POWER
TRANSMISSION
LINES
PROMINENT
PICTORIALS
LANDMARKS
VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 32
AIRPORTS AIRSPACE INFORMATION
LANDPLANE CLASS B AIRSPACE
CLASS C AIRSPACE
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
VHF Appropriate notes as
required may be
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL shown.
RADIO RANGE (VOR)
(Mode C see
FAR 91.215/AIM)
VOR
VORTAC
NON-DIRECTIONAL
RADIOBEACON
(NDB)
NDB-DME
NAVAIDS USED TO
DEFINE CLASS B AIR-
SPACE CLASS E (SFC)
AIRSPACE
33 VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
VFR FLYWAYS MISCELLANEOUS
AIRSPACE AREAS
Parachute Jumping
Area
Glider Operating Area
Ultralight Activity
IFR ROUTES
Hang Glider Activity
Appropriate notes
as required may
be shown.
NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
Arrival
VFR CHECK POINTS
Departure
SPECIAL USE
AIRSPACE
Only the airspace VFR WAYPOINTS
effective below
18,000 feet MSL is
shown. Stand-Alone
Colocated with
VFR Check Point
OBSTRUCTIONS
MILITARY TRAINING
Above Ground Level
ROUTES (MTR) (AGL) heights are not
shown.
SPECIAL AIR
TRAFFIC RULES /
AIRPORT TRAFFIC
AREAS
(FAR Part 93)
Appropriate boxed
note as required
shown adjacent to
area.
MODE C
(FAR 91.215) NAVIGATIONAL DATA
Appropriate notes as
required may be
shown.
AIR DEFENSE
IDENTIFICATION
ZONE (ADIZ)
TERMINAL RADAR
SERVICE AREA
(TRSA)
VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Topographic Information 34
CULTURE HYDROGRAPHY
RAILROADS SHORELINES
Single and
Multiple Tracks
MAJOR LAKES
ROADS AND RIVERS
Dual Lane
Primary
RESERVOIRS
POPULATED
PLACES
Built-up Areas
Towns RELIEF
Spot Elevations
Position Accurate
BOUNDARIES Mountain Peaks
International
POWER
TRANSMISSION
LINES
PROMINENT
PICTORIALS
LANDMARKS