NAME: ________________________

BIOLOGY TEST 2 (DECEMBER TUITION) 28/12/2017

GRADE: 12
DURATION: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS.
1. A potato was set up as shown in the figure below (left-hand side). The investigation was left for
several hours. The results are shown on the right-hand side of the figure.

Describe what happened to:

a. The water in the disk.

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b. The salt solution in the hollow in the potato. [1 mark]
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2. a. Name the process that is responsible for the changes that have occurred. --------------------- [1]
c. Explain why these changes have occurred.
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d. Where does this process occur in a plant?

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e. What is the importance to the plant of this process?

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3. Fig. 2 below shows lower surface part of a typical dicotyledonous leaf.

(a) On Fig. 2 above, label part A and the cells B and C.

Part A ---------------------------------- Cell B --------------------------------- Cell C ------------------------------ [3]

(b) Outline the mechanism by which water in the roots reaches the leaf.
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(c) State and explain the effect of the following on transpiration rate:
(i) increasing humidity.

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(ii) increasing temperature.

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4. (a) Much of the food we eat has to be digested.
(i) Explain why food needs to be digested.
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(ii) Describe the part played by chewing in the process of digestion.
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(b) (i) Describe how food is moved along the oesophagus by peristalsis.
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(ii) Students sometimes wrongly suggest that food falls down into the stomach
under the effect of gravity. Suggest one piece of evidence which would
oppose this idea.
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ALL THE BEST.

PREPARED BY: MR R. BANDA

Answers:
1. a. The volume of water in the dish decreased.
b. The volume of salt solution in the potato increased.
2. a. Osmosis
b. 3 points from:
- there was a higher concentration of water in the dish than in the potato
- so water moved into the potato.
- From a high concentration of water to a lower concentration of water
- by osmosis.
c. Root hairs, or in the roots.
d. Osmosis enables the plant to absorb water to maintain cell turgidity (or to
replace water lost by transpiration).

3 (a) Part A: stoma / stomata pore

Cell B: guard cell
Cell C: epidermal cell / epidermis

(b) any three of these points:

reference to xylem
water enters xylem vessel through pots in walls
reference to transpiration stream / pull
reference to capillary action
reference to root pressure

c(i) rate will decrease

reference to smaller gradient for diffusion
(ii) rate will increase
more energy for evaporation
warm air can hold more water vapour than cold air

4. a(i) to change food into simple / small / soluble form / molecules

for absorption / diffusion(into intestine wall / villi) / carriage in blood
(ii) any two of these
make small enough to swallow
increase surface area of particles
mix with saliva / enzyme / amylase
b(i) any three of these
contraction of (circular) muscles behind food / bolus
relaxation of muscles in front
occurs rhythmically / in waves
food forced forward / along tube
(ii) any one of these
can swallow standing on head / hanging upside down
can swallow in space with no gravity
some mammals (standing on four legs) have horizontal oesophagus
some mammals can regurgitate food against gravity