INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

CIVIL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

Course Name : Rehabilitation & Retrofitting of structures

Course Code : 58006

Class : IV- B. Tech, II-Sem

Branch : CIVIL ENGINEERING

Year : 2016-2017
Course Coordinator : Mrs. Bhagyalaxmi, Assistant Professor, Civil Department
Course Faculty : Ms. J. Hymavathi, Mrs. Bhagyalaxmi, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering

OBJECTIVES:

The course should enable the student to:

1. Identify the causes of deterioration in structures and suggest suitable remedial measures.
2. Generalize the types of damages and understand their mechanisms.
3. Infer the causes and prevention mechanisms of corrosion in steel reinforcement and fire induced damages.
4. Learn to inspect and assess the structures using techniques of visual inspection and NDT.
5. Evaluate a structural damage and recommend suitable repair and strengthening methods.
6. Identify the latest health monitoring and building instrumentation methods.

Blooms Program
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome

UNIT-I (DETERIORATION OF STRUCTURES)

PART A SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 What are the factors causing distress? Remember 1
2 What are the basic symptoms of distress? Remember 1
3 What is rennovation? Remember 1
4 What is rehabilitation? Remember 1
5 define restoration Remember 1
6 define repair in a structure Remember 1
7 What is retrofitting? Remember 1
8 What is remodeling? Remember 1

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 9 What is deterioration in a structure? Remember 1
Blooms Program
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome
10 Write a short note on roof leakage and water seepage Understanding 2
11 Write a short note on cracking Understanding 2
12 Write a short note on settlement Understanding 2
13 Write a short note on causes of damages Understanding 2
14 Write a short note on causes of damages in fresh state Understanding 2
15 Write a short note on causes of damages after hardening Understanding 2
Write a short note on physical causes of damages after
16 Understanding 2
hardening
Write a short note on chemical causes of damages after
17 Understanding 2
hardening
Write a short note on thermal causes of damages after
18 Understanding 2
hardening
Write a short note on structural causes of damages after
19 Understanding 2
hardening
20 What is aggregate shrinkage? Remember 1
21 Write a short note on temperature variation Understanding 2
22 Write a short note on early thermal contraction Understanding 2
23 Write a short note on accidental overloads Understanding 2

24 Write a short note on creep Understanding 2

25 Write a short note on design loads Understanding 2

PART B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
What do you mean by deterioration? What are its various
1 Describe 1
categories?
Discuss in detail the various factors responsible for
2 Discuss 3
deterioration.
Explain the effects of deterioration on various construction
3 Explain 2
materials.
Discuss briefly the causes and prevention of deterioration of
4 Discuss 3
commonly used construction metals.
Discuss briefly the affects of deterioration of commonly used
5 Discuss 3
construction metals.
Discuss the factors affecting rate of carbonation. What are its
6 Discuss 1
effects?
Explain the cracking phenomena in plastic concrete. Give the
7 Explain 1
remedial measures.
What are settlement cracks? What are the factors affecting the
8 Describe 2
settlement cracks?
How corrosion of reinforcement develop cracks in concrete?
9 Give 3
Give protective measures.
Write the different reasons for development of cracks due to
10 Write 1
errors in design and detailing. Give preventive measures.
11 What are the factors affecting settlement cracks? Describe 1
12 Explain sulphate reaction in detail. Explain 2
13 Write short notes on division of maintenance. Write 1
14 What is distress? Give its classification. Describe 1

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 Blooms Program
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome
What are the factors responsible for the deterioration of
15 Describe 1
paints?
16 What are the various categories of deterioration? Describe 1
Discuss the affects of freezing and thawing of structures and
17 Discuss 1
give remedial measures.
What are the various faulty practices that lead to cracking in
18 Describe 1
concrete structures?
19 Discuss in detail the cracking of hardened concrete. Discuss 2
List out the various forms of development of cracks in
20 List out 4
structures. Give a brief notes on any cracks.
PART C CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1 Write short notes on division of maintenance. Remember 1
2 What is distress? Give its classification. Remember 1
3 Write short notes on division of maintenance. Remember 1
What are the factors responsible for the deterioration of
4 Remember 1
paints?
5 What are the various categories of deterioration? Remember 1
explain in detail regarding mechanism of freeze thaw
6 Understanding 2
disintegration in concrete and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of temperature variation
7 Understanding 2
in concrete and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of early thermal
8 Understanding 2
cracking in fresh concrete and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of accidental overloads
9 Understanding 2
in concrete and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of creep in concrete and
10 Understanding 2
their remedial measures
11 What is drying shrinkage? Remember 1
12 What is crazing in concrete? Remember 1
13 Write a short note on chemical attack on concrete structures Understanding 2
14 Write a short note on chemical attack aggregate alkali reaction Understanding 2
15 Write a short note on cement carbonation Understanding 2
16 What are the various causes of damage? Describe 1
UNIT-II (Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement)
PART A SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Write a short note on corrosion understanding 2
2 discuss how the variation of pH affects the corrosion process remember 1
3 What is importance of passivating film in RCC members? remember 1
4 what are corrosion promoters? remember 1
5 what are corrosion inhibitors? remember 1
6 What is delamination? remember 1
7 What is cracking? remember 1
8 What is spalling ? remember 1
9 Write the effect of cast in chlorides on corrosion understanding 2

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 Blooms Program
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome
10 What is carbonation? remember 1
11 what happens to concrete in fire? remember 1
12 write about changes observed in concrete in fire understanding 2
13 write about few laboratory tests for fire safety understanding 2
14 discuss about the damage classification in structural members remember 1
write about the method of representing the class of damages in
15 2
drawings understanding
16 what is fire rating? remember 1
17 What is desiccation? remember 1
how does the strength of concrete vary due to rise in
18 1
temperature remember
19 how does the strength of steel vary due to rise in temperature remember 1
20 What is distortion in concrete? remember 1
21 write about damage classification due to fire understanding 1
22 write about repair classification due to fire understanding 2
23 write about scanning electron microscopy understanding 2
PART B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Discuss the factors affecting rate of carbonation. What are its
1 Understanding 2
effects?
Explain the cracking phenomena in plastic concrete. Give the
2 Understanding 2
remedial measures.
What are settlement cracks? What are the factors affecting the
3 Remember 2
settlement cracks?
How corrosion of reinforcement develop cracks in concrete?
4 Understanding 2
Give protective measures.
Write the different reasons for development of cracks due to
5 Understanding 2
errors in design and detailing. Give preventive measures.
explain in detail regarding mechanism of early frost damage
6 Understanding 2
and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of shrinkage cracks in
7 Understanding 2
plastic deformation and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of settlement in plastic
8 Understanding 1
deformation and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of movement of
9 Understanding 1
formwork and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of aggregate shrinkage
10 Understanding 1
and their remedial measures
explain in detail regarding mechanism of drying shrinkage and
11 Understanding 2
their remedial measures
Discuss the factors affecting rate of carbonation. What are its
12 2
effects? understanding
Explain the cracking phenomena in plastic concrete. Give the
13 1
remedial measures. understanding
What are settlement cracks? What are the factors affecting the
14 1
settlement cracks? remember
How corrosion of reinforcement develop cracks in concrete?
15 1
Give protective measures. remember

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 Blooms Program
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome
Write the different reasons for development of cracks due to
16 1
errors in design and detailing. Give preventive measures. remember
17 explain in detail regarding types of settlement understanding 1
18 explain in detail regarding permeability of concrete understanding 1
explain in detail regarding macro cracks in concrete structures
19 1
and their behaviour on corrosion understanding
explain in detail regarding differential thermal exposure in
20 2
concrete structures and their behaviour on corrosion understanding
explain in detail regarding micro cracks in concrete structures
21 1
and their behaviour on corrosion understanding
explain in detail regarding aggressive deteriorating chemical
22 1
agents in RCC Members understanding
explain in detail regarding corrosion of reinforcement bars and
23 2
give a pictorial representaion about mechanism of corrosion understanding
explain in detail regarding the phenomena of carbonation and
24 1
show its effect on accelerated carbonation process understanding
explain in detail regarding the effect of chlorides in
25 1
reinforcement corrosion understanding
explain in detail regarding the effect of sulphate attack in
26 2
reinforcement corrosion understanding
PART C CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
What are the various methods of locating in structural
1 2
members? Discuss any one method in detail. understanding
2 Write a notes on symptoms of corrosion. remember 1
Write about preventive measures that ensure good protection
3 1
for new structures. remember
4 Explain the method of repairing corroded steel in R.C structure. remember 1
5 Explain the cathodic reaction in detailed. remember 1
write about the embedded metal corrosion and tolerable crack
6 1
widths to avoid the rebar corrosion remember
write about the chloride penetration and factors on which the it
7 1
depends remember
write in detail about the factors influencing the cracking and
8 1
spalling and mention regarding C/D ratio remember
9 Explain the phenomena of desiccation in structures. remember 1
10 Describe the method of protecting building against fire. understanding 2
11 On what basis is a structure designed to withstand fire. understanding 2
12 Give description about fire damaged structures. remember 1
13 What is meant by cementitious spray fire proofing? understanding 2
Describe the concrete encasement method of protecting
14 1
building against fire. remember
UNIT-III (Inspection and Testing of distress in structure)
PART A SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain the need for evaluation of structures. Explain 2
Briefly describe of preliminary investigation & Main
2 Describe 1
investigation.

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 Blooms
Program
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

3 Classify testing methods write 3

4 Explain the Pull-out test with figure. Explain 2
5 Explain the Flexure test with figure. Explain 2
6 Explain the Splitting test with figure. Explain 2
7 Write names of different NDT tests Write 3
8 write about thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) understanding 2
9 write about Differential Thermal Analysis(DTA) understanding 2
10 Write About X-Ray Diffraction understanding 2
PART B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain the Compression test & Tension Test Explain 2
2 Explain carbonation test & cathodic protection test. Explain 2
Describe the occurrence of distress Due to Pre-construction
3 Describe 1
stage, Construction stage and Post construction stage
Write a note on cracking, Spalling, Staining, Disintegration,
4 Write 3
Scaling.
Give a brief description about the factors that influence the
5 Write 3
investigation plan
Describe Electrical Resistivity Method and its influencing
6 Explain 2
factors
Explain petrographic analysis and its application in civil
7 Explain 2
engineering structures.
Briefly describe various voids detection tests along with their
8 Explain 2
merits and demerits
Explain commonly used NDT tests and write its advantages over
9 Describe 1
other tests
10 Explain Initial Surface absorption test & brief its demerits Explain 1
PART C CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1 Briefly describe of Recommendation for retrofit work. Describe 1
2 Describe in detail the damage assessment procedure in Structure. Describe 1
Differentiate non-destructive testing methods & semi-destructive
3 Differentiate 4
testing methods
4 Give a Short notes on Inspection of structures. Write 3
5 Explain the 6figg’s test. Explain 1
6 What is the effect of aluminum in hydration process Describe 1
7 Influence of silicates on hydration Explain 2
Examine the role of chemical compounds on the durability of
8 Explain 2
concrete
What is the effect of temperature on the strength of concrete
9 Describe 1
examine critically?
10 Explain various methods of crack detection write 3
UNIT-IV (Repair of structures)
PART A SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

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 Blooms Program
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome
Enumerate the various cracks repairs techniques and other
1 Illustrate 4
repair techniques for structures.
2 How bridge Decks are repaired? Discuss briefly. Discuss 3
3 What are underwater repairs? Mention its special features. Describe 3
4 What are the various types of surface coatings? Describe 3
5 Discuss in brief the methods of grout injection. Discuss 3
6 Define epoxy resins. Defined 1
7 Write short notes on member replacement. Write 3
Define overlays. What are the materials generally used for
8 overlays? Defined 3

9 How erosion control can be done. Apply 3

10 What is slope protection? Describe 3
PART B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain the process of guniting in detail with figure. Explain 2
2 Discuss the method of underpinning in detail. Discuss 3
3 Discuss the various types of blanket repair techniques. Discuss 3
Enumerate the different methods available for repairs of concrete works.
4 Illustrate 4
Discuss the any one in detail.
Write short notes on Deep dump bucket method and pre-placed
5 analyse 4
aggregate method.
6 What is jacketing? What are the different types of jacketing? Describe 1
7 Explain the concrete column in detail with figure Explain 2
Explain the column strengthening and strengthening flexural members.
8 Explain 2
Explain strengthening and stiffening of beams and girders.
9 Explain 2
Explain the application of erosion control.
10 Explain 2

PART C CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

Enumerate the different methods available for repairs of concrete
1 Illustrate 1
works. Discuss the any one in detail
2 Explain the methods of stitching in crack repair. Explain 1
3 Explain the steps involved in underwater repair of structures Explain 2
Enumerate the various methods of placing concrete in underwater
4 Illustrate 4
structures. Discuss the tremie pipe method in detail
What do you mean by leak sealing? Discuss the various methods of
5 Describe 1
leak sealing.
6 What are the protective surface treatments for structures? Describe 1
7 Discuss the replacement of concrete. Discuss 3
8 Differentiate strengthening and stiffening of members. Differentiate 4
9 Discuss the slope protection with detail. Discuss 3
10 What are the prevention for erosion control. Describe 1
UNIT-V (Health Monitoring of Structures)

PART A SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

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 Blooms Program
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome
1 Explain the Acquisition data in detailed Explain 1
2 Explain the communication data in detailed Explain 3
3 What is smart sensor? Describe 3
4 What is sensor? Describe 3
Explain the Communication of data in health monitoring of
5 structures. Explain 3
How the structural health monitoring process is divided into
6 various components Explain 1
How does sensing technology is used in structural health
7 Evaluate 3
monitoring system
8 What is the role of signal processing in health monitoring Describe 1
9 What is damage identification analysis Explain 1
10 What are the various structural evaluation methods Explain 2

PART B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1 Explain the use of Smart sensor for monitoring civil engineering Explain 2
infrastructures.
2 Explain the methodology of health monitoring of structures and Explain 2
how is it monitored.
3 Explain the components of health monitoring of structures. Explain 2
4 What are sensors? At what locations are they used. Describe 1
5 Where Building Instrumentation are located ? & How ? Evaluate 3
Explain active and passive structural health monitoring of
6 Explain 2
structures and differentiate between them
Explain various smart materials and its application in structural
7 Describe 1
health monitoring system.
What is fiber optic sensors how they are used in health
8 Explain 2
monitoring with suitable merits and demerits
explain in detail regarding the criteria for damage classification,
9 1
mention the class of damage and repair requirements understanding
explain in detail regarding effects of fire on concrete structures
10 2
and its behavior with temperature change understanding
PART C CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

1 What do you understand by health monitoring of structures? Describe 1

2 Explain the advantages for health monitoring of structures Explain 2
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of smart sensor? Describe 1
Explain the Advantages of Structures health monitoring.
4 Explain 2

5 Explain the Disadvantages of Structures health monitoring. Explain 2

Explain Diagnostic signal generation
6 Explain 2
Explain various types of sensors
7 Explain 2

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 Blooms Program
S.No Question
Taxonomy Level Outcome
Which type of sensors are used to detect seismic vibrations
8 Describe 1
What are the recent innovations in structural health monitoring
9 Explain 2
system
10 What are the green materials explain in detail Explain 2

Prepared By: Ms. J. HYMAVATHI, Assistant Professor, CE

HOD, CE

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