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Er. No.............................
Semester - IV Academic Year 2011-12

JAYPEE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, GUNA

Test -II
10B11EC412- Analog Communication

Time : 1:30 Hours Maximum Marks : 25

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Instructions and information for students
• Do not write anything on the question paper except your enrolment no.
• All questions are compulsory.
• Make suitable assumptions if necessary, write them with your answer.

1) a) Write a short note on stereophonic frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting system .

b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of pulse modulation over continuous wave (CW)
modulation?. [3+2 =5 marks]
2) A periodic square wave m(t) of period T0 (Figure 2(a)) frequency modulates a carrier of frequency
fc = 10 kHz with ∆f = 1 kHz. The carrier amplitude is A. The resulting FM signal is demodulated
as shown in Figure 2(b). Sketch the waveforms at points b, c, d and e. [2+1+1+2=6 marks]

Solution:
We have fc = 10 kHz with ∆f = 1 kHz. We know that
kf mp
∆f =
2π
where mp is the maximum value of m(t).

kf = 2000π
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For FM :
kf
fi = fc + m(t) (1)
2π
Because m(t) switches from 1 to −1 and vice versa, the FM wave frequency switches back and
forth between 9kHz to 11kHz. Let φb (t), φc (t), φd (t) and φe (t) the expressions of the signals at
points b, c, d and e
 Z t 
φb (t) = A cos ωc t + kf m(α)dα
−∞

t
dφb (t)  Z 


φc (t) = = −A ωc + kf m(t) sin ωc t + kf m(α)dα
dt −∞

φd (t) = −A ωc + kf m(t)

φe (t) = −A kf m(t)
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3) Design (only the block diagram) an Armstrong indirect FM modulator to generate an FM carrier with
a carrier frequency of 96 MHz and ∆f = 20 kHz. A narrow band FM generator with fc = 200 kHz
and adjustable in the range of 9 to 10 Hz is available. The stock room also has an oscillator with
adjustable frequency in the range of 9 to 10 MHz. There is a bandpass filter with any center frequency
and only frequency doublers are available. [5 marks]
Solution:
The block diagram of an Armstrong indirect FM modulator is shown in Figure 3.

We have only frequency doublers.

M1 = 2n1

M2 = 2n2

M1 M2 = 2n1 +n2

∆f
M1 M2 =
∆ f1
We have ∆ f = 20 KHz and 9 Hz < ∆ f1 < 10 Hz
2000 < M1 M2 < 2222

2000 < 2n1 +n2 < 2222

There is only one possibility M1 M2 = 2048 = 211 .

∆f
∆ f1 = = 9.76563 Hz
2048
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We have
fc = 200M1 M2 KHz − Y M2 MHz (2)
Substituting M1 M2 = 2048 and fc = 96MHz in equation (2), we obtain
Y M2 = 313.6 (3)
Suppose M2 = 16
Y = 19.6 (4)
It is not acceptable. Now we take M2 = 32
Y = 9.8 (5)
2048
It is acceptable. So M2 = 32 and M1 = 32
= 64.
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4) An angle modulated signal with carrier frequency fc = 106 is described by the equation
√

ϕEM (t) = 5 cos ωc t + 30 sin 1000πt + 15 sin 2000πt .
a) Find the power of the modulated signal.
b) Find the frequency deviation ∆f .
c) Find the phase deviation ∆φ.
d) Estimate the bandwidth of ϕEM (t). [1+1+1+2=5 marks]
Solution:
a) Let P be the power of the√ modulated signal.
The carrier amplitude is 5. √
( 5)2
P = = 2.5Watts
2
b) Let θ(t) and ωi (t) be the angle and the instantaneous frequency of the modulated signal
respectively.
Given θ(t) = ωc t + 30 sin 1000π t + 15 sin 2000π t
dθ(t)
ωi (t) = = ωc + 30, 000π cos 1000π t + 30, 000π cos 2000π t
dt
Let ∆ω be the maximum frequency deviation
∆ω = max{ωi (t) − ωc } = max{30, 000π cos 1000π t + 30, 000π cos 2000π t}
= 60, 000 π radian/sec.

∆ω
∆f = = 30, 000Hz = 30KHz
2π
c)
∆φ = max{θ(t) − ωc t} = max{30 sin 1000π t + 15 sin 2000π t}
= 45 radian
d) Let B and BEM be the bandwidth of the modulating signal and the modulated signal respec-
tively.
B = bandwidth of 30 sin 1000π t + 15 sin 2000π t
= 1000 Hz = 1KHz
We know that
BEM = 2(∆ f + B)
= 62 KHz
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5) Signals x1 (t) = 104 rect(10 4

t) and x2 (t) = δ(t)
are applied at the inputs of ideal low-pass filters
ω ω


H1 (ω) = rect 40,000 π and H2 (ω) = rect 20,000 π
. The outputs y1 (t) and y2 (t) of these filters are
multiplied to obtain the signal y(t) = y1 (t)y2 (t). Find the minimum sampling rates of the y1 (t),
y2 (t) and y(t). [1+1+2=4 marks]

Solution:
Let B1 , B2 and B be the bandwidths of the y1 (t), y2 (t) and y(t) respectively.
Let fs1 , fs2 and fs be the minimum sampling rates of the y1 (t), y2 (t) and y(t) respectively.
We have
t ω τ 
g(t) = rect ⇔ G(ω) = τ sinc
τ 2
Let X1 (ω), X2 (ω), Y1 (ω) and Y2 (ω) be the Fourier transforms of the x1 (t), x2 (t), y1 (t) and y2 (t)
respectively.

 10−4 ω 
x1 (t) = 104 rect(104 t) ⇔ X1 (ω) = sinc
2
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x2 (t) = δ(t) ⇔ X2 (ω) = 1

Y1 (ω) = H1 (ω) X1(ω),

Y2 (ω) = H2 (ω) X2 (ω) = H2 (ω)

From Figures 5.3 and 5.2 (b), It is obvious B1 = 10, 000Hz = 10KHz and B2 = 5, 000Hz = 5KHz.
B = B1 + B2 = 15KHz

fs1 = 2B1 = 20KHz

fs2 = 2B2 = 10KHz

fs = 2B = 30KHz