Indian J.Sci.Res.

3 (1) : 124-136, 2014 ISSN : 0976-2876 (Print)

ISSN : 2250-0138 (Online)

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

OF ROTATING DISK IN HIGH SPEED

S. A.ZAMANI a, S. R.TAHMASBPOUR OMRAN b, B. ASADI c AND M. HOSSEINZADEH d

a
Department of Mechanical Engineering Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University,
Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amoli.
b
Department of Mechanical Engineering Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University,
Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran.
c
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Golpayegan University, Golpayegan, Iran.
d
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University

ABSTRACT

In this paper annular disk has been investigated as the most applied and simplest from affected by
centrifugal force emanating from disk rotation. Firstly, elasticity theory has been presented by plane stress analytical
solution of rotating annular disk with angular speed and fixed profile and boundary condition of non-movement in
internal radius and without radial stress in external radius and effect of Poisson's ratio parameter on maximum
displacements and stresses have been investigated. Also, comparison of numerical simulation of results of rotary
annual disk by finite element method by ANSYS Workbench software with analytical results is indicative of
coinciding of two results. According to extracted equations of elasticity solution and by assuming this fact that use of
these equations are unable for predicting of precise value of maximum stress and maximum Displacement in two
rotation speed and assumption of small deformation are applicable but are not applicable in high speed and by
assumption of large deformation, maximum stress and maximum deformation of rotary annular disk in high speed
have been predicted by preparation of computer program and revision of extracted equation emanating from elasticity
solution. effect of rotation speed of disk has been resented on simulation results by computer program.

Keywords: Simulation, Analytical solution, Annular Disk, High Speed, Plane Stress.
parameter on maximum displacement and
maximum stresses will be investigate. Also,
In different mechanical systems, a
aforementioned issue will be simulated by finite
component with characteristics of one annular
element method (Sameguid and Kanth., 2002)
disk is necessary as a primitive and fundamental
by ANSYS Workbench software and elicited
element. These components are necessarily
results will be compared with analytical results.
required in gas turbine, fly wheel, fan gear box,
pumps, and big compressors (Serati and Theoretical Fundamentals and
Alehossein, 2012). These rotating disks are Extraction of Elasticity Equation of Issue
usually rotating with high angular speed. High
In practical, many engineering
angular speed leads to formation of centrifugal
problems exist that stress distribution around an
force in disks and this phenomenon eventually
axial is axisymmetric. It must be wealthy
causes deformation and radial displacement in
mentioned that when this assumption is correct
disk. So far many researches have been done on
that geometry and boundary condition be
rotary disk (Venkatarama Reddy, 2012; Hamid
axisymmetric. Analysis of this problem will be
EkhteraeiToussi, 2012).
done under axisymmetric condition including
In this part, disk in the most applicable and rotating disk that is just rotating (Nie and Batra,
the simplest condition, centrifugal force 2010).
emanating from disk speed, will be investigated.
In this problem one thin and thick
Firstly, by elasticity theory with assumption of
(t<<b) annular disk from isotropic, with internal
plane stress (Vullo and Vivio, 2008; Blazynski,
radius (a), external radius (b), thickness (t) that
1983), analytical solution of rotating annular
is proved from internal radius region from
disk with angular speed, fixed profile, boundary
Figure 1 is assumed. With assumption of
condition of fixed support in internal radius and
without loading in direction of z, results to σz=0
zero radial stress in external radius of disk, will
and consequently plane stress is dominant to the
be presented and effect of poisons ratio

1Corresponding author
 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

problem. Also, it must be kept in mind that Due dimensional of assumed annular disk rotating
to axisymmetric condition of the problem, stress with angular speed (w) of 18000 RPM with
is symmetric around z direction and boundary condition, is illustrated.
displacement is not of θ. In Figure 1, three

Figure 1: Three- dimensional profile of disk with its governed conditions.

F = ρ r ω2 (1)
r
In Table 1, mechanical properties and
geometric characteristics of assumed disk has
been presented. Also, by considering of problem condition,
stress-strain equations in polar coordinates have
been presented in Equations 2 and 3, where σr,
Table 1: Assumed parameters in numerical
εr, σθ, εa, E and υ are radial stress and strain,
simulation and analytical solution of annular
circumferential stress and strain, Young's
rotating disk.
modulus and Poisson's ratio, respectively.
No. Parameter Unit Value
1 t m 0.001
E
σr = (ε r + ν ε θ ) (2)
2 b (Rout) m 0.1 1 −ν 2
3 a (Rin) m 0.05 E
σθ = (ε θ + ν ε r ) (3)
4 ω RPM 18000 1 −ν 2
5 E Gpa 71
6 ν - 0-0.5 By considering of problem, equilibrium
equations will be simplified to Equation 4.
7 ρ Kg/m3 2770

dσ r σ r - σ θ
Correlating centrifugal force, density of disk = + ρ rω 2 = 0 (4)
material and angular speed, created body force dr r
in radial direction has been obtained by
Equation 1.
By substituting equation 2 and 3 into 4
gives:

Indian J.Sci.Res.3 (1) : 124-136, 2014

 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

By applying of boundary condition (11),

d (εr+ ν εθ ) (1- ν2 ) 2 2
r + (1- ν) (εr - εθ ) = - ρr ω (5) unknown coefficients c1, c2 will be calculated by
dr r Equations 12 and 13.

For this axisymmetric problem, equation of

radial and circumferential displacement are
ur=ur(r) and uθ=0, respectively. Then, equations σθ = A at r =a
of strain are obtained by equation 6.  (11)
σ r = B at r =b

B b 2 - A a 2 - (3+ν) × ρ ω 2 (a 4 - b 4 )
du u  8 
ε r = r , εθ = r , ε rθ =0 (6) C1 = (12)
dr r (b - a )[ E
2 2
]
(ν-1)

(B- A) b2 a2 - (3+ν) × ρω2 (a2 -b2 ) b2 a2

By substituting Equation 6 into 5,  8 
C2= (13)
differential equation 7 will be resulted.
(b -a )[ E
2 2
]
(ν+1)

d 2 ur 1 dur ur 1-ν 2
2
+ - 2 =- ρ r ω2 (7) By applying of boundary condition (14),
dr r dr r E
unknown coefficients c1, c2 will be calculated by
Equations 15 and 16.
By solving of differential equation, Equation
8 will be obtained.
 ur = S at r = a
 (14)
σ r = B at r = b
(ν 2 − 1) ρ r 3ω 2 C
ur (r ) = + C1 r + 2 (8)
8E r B b 2 - A a 2 - (3+ν) × ρ ω 2 (a 4 - b 4 )
 8 
C1 = (15)
(b - a ) [ E
2 2
]
By obtaining of displacement equation (ν-1)
dependent on radius of rotating disk, equations
of radial stresses and circumferential stresses (B- A) b2 a2 - (3+ν) × ρω2 (a2 -b2 ) b2 a2
 8 
will be resulted dependent on radius. C2 = (16)
(b -a )[ E
2 2
]
(ν+1)

C2
E [C1 (1+ ν)- (1-ν)] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(3+ν) ρr 2ω2 r2 (9)
σr (r)= - + 2
8 (1- ν ) In this part results from numerical simulation
and analytical solution will be presented. Figure
C2
(3ν+1)ρ r 2 ω2 E [C1(1+ν)- r 2 (1-ν)] (10)
2 Shows change von-mises stress in different
σ θ (r)=- + Poisson’s ratios by analytical and numerical
8 (1- ν2 )
method respectively.

Indian J.Sci.Res.3 (1) : 124-136, 2014

 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

Figure 2: Changes of equivalent von-mises stress by radius in different Poisson’s ratios by analytical
solution and numerical simulation.
trend of equilibrium stress will be undependable
of Poisson’s ratio.
As it can be seen, from radial distance of
0.07 meter to radial distance of 0.09, change

Figure 3: Changes of radial displacement by radius in different Poisson’s ratios by analytical solution
and numerical simulation.

Indian J.Sci.Res.3 (1) : 124-136, 2014

 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

Figure 4: Changes of radial strain by radius in different Poisson’s ratios by analytical solution and
numerical simulation.
Figure 3 shows change trend of radial Edition of Equation for Obtaining of
displacement by radial distance from center in Maximum Stress and Maximum
different Poisson’s ratios (0-0.5) by analytical Deformation in High Speed
and numerical method, respectively. In a similar
Extracted equation in previous section is
radial distance, radial displacement increases
acceptable by assumption of small deformation.
with decrease of Poisson’s ratio. Also,
But while the rotation speed of disk is high
according to Figure 4 that shows change of
assumption of small deformation, will not be
radial strains by radius in different Poisson’s
acceptable.
ratios with analytical and numerical method
respectively, maximum displacement approach For editing of equation from elasticity
to internal radius by increase of Poisson’s ratio solution boundary condition will be applied. On
while only in zero Poisson’s ratio maximum the other hand, after obtaining of displacement
displacement exists in external radius. In Figure equation by radius (u(r)), sum of external radius
4, it can be concluded that except from zero of disk without rotation in return of external
Poisson’s ratio, in other states, circumferential radius and radial displacement value of rotating
strain will have a negative value in some radial disk in external radius of disk will be inserted in
distances. It can be concluded that in that extended computer program.
distance, disk can go to internal direction of disk
and can switch on the contrary of centrifugal
force.

 ur = S at r = a

 ,
σ r = B at r = b )1(

b, = b + ur = b


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 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m), ρ = 2770(kg/m^3 ), υ = (0.33) , Ε = 71(GPa)

1.2E-05

1E-05

Radial Displacement(m) 8E-06

6E-06

Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM

4E-06
Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
FEM Solution Speed =18000 RPM

2E-06

0
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 5: Changes of radial displacement by radius.

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m),ρ = 2770( kg/m^3 ), υ = ( 0.33 ), Ε = 71(GPa)

Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM

Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
Numerical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
40
Radiall Stress(Mpa)

30

20

10

0
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 6: Changes of radial stress by radius of disk.

Indian J.Sci.Res.3 (1) : 124-136, 2014

 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m), ρ = 2770(kg/m^3 ), υ = (0.33), Ε = 71(GPa)

16

Circumferential Stress(Mpa) 14
Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
Numerical Solution Speed =18000 RPM

12

10

0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 7: Changes of circumferential stress by radius of disk.

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m),ρ = 2770(kg/m^3 ), υ = ( 0.33 ), Ε = 71(GPa)

0.6

0.5
Radial Strain(m/m)*0.001

0.4
Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
Numerical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
0.3

0.2

0.1

-0.1
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 8: Changes of radial strain by radius of disk.

Indian J.Sci.Res.3 (1) : 124-136, 2014

 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m),ρ = 2770( kg/m^3), υ = ( 0.33) , Ε = 71(GPa)

0.12

Circumferential Strain(m/m)*0.001
0.1
Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
Numerical Solution Speed =18000 RPM
0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 9: Changes of circumferential strain by radius of disk.

As it can be seen in above results, a good accordance exists among assumption results of small
deformation, assumption of large deformation and revised equation in low speed rotation.

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m),ρ = 2770(kg/m^3 ), υ = (0.33 ), Ε = 71(GPa)

0.0025

0.002
Radial Displacement(m)

0.0015

0.001

0.0005
Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM
Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM
FEM Solution Speed =250000 RPM

0
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 10: Changes of radial displacement by radius of disk.

Indian J.Sci.Res.3 (1) : 124-136, 2014

 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m),ρ = 2770( kg/m^3 ), υ = ( 0.33 ), Ε = 71(GPa)

10000

9000 Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM

Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM
FEM Solution Speed =250000 RPM
8000

7000

Radiall Stress(Mpa)
6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 11: Changes of radial stress by radius of disk.

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m), ρ = 2770( kg/m^3 ), υ= (0.33 ), Ε = 71(GPa)

3500

3250
Circumferential Stress(Mpa)

3000

2750

2500

2250
Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM
Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM
2000 FEM Solution Speed =250000 RPM

1750

0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 12: Changes of circumferential stress by radius of disk.

Indian J.Sci.Res.3 (1) : 124-136, 2014

 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m),ρ = 2770(kg/m^3 ), υ = ( 0.33 ), Ε = 71(GPa)

120

Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM

Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM
100 FEM Solution Speed =250000 RPM

Radial Strain(m/m)*0.001
80

60

40

20

0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 13: Changes of radial strain by radius of disk.

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m), ρ = 2770( kg/m^3), υ = (0.33 ), Ε = 71(GPa)

25
Circumferential Strain(m/m)*0.001

20

15

10
Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM
Corrected Analytical Solution Speed =250000 RPM
FEM Solution Speed =250000 RPM
5

0
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Disc Radial Distance(m)

Figure 14: Changes of circumferential strain by radius of disk.

The difference between results from predict the maximum results value of
assumption of small deformation and large assumption of large deformation very well.
deformation is visible in high speed. Also, it can
In this section after validation of extended
be seen that extended computer program can
computer program that predicts maximum

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 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

displacement value, stress and strain very well, circumferential stress and radial and
effect of angular speed will be investigated on circumferential strain.
maximum radial displacement, radial stress and

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m), ρ = 2770( kg/m^3 ), ν= 0.33, Ε = 71(GPa )

0.0025
Maximum Radial Displacement(m)

0.002

0.0015

0.001

0.0005

0 50 100 150 200 250

Disc Speed(RPM)*1000

Figure 15: Changes of maximum radial displacement by angular speed of disk.

Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m), ρ = 2770(kg/m^3 ), υ = (0.33), Ε = 71(GPa)

10000

8000
Maximum Stress(Mpa)

Radial Stress
Circumferential Stress
6000

4000

2000

0
50 100 150 200 250
Disc Speed(RPM) * 1000

Figure 16: Changes of maximum stress by angular speed of disk.

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 ZAMANI ET AL.: NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PLAN STRESS ANALYTICAL SOLUTION
Maximum Radiall Strain(m/m) * 10 - 3
Figure 17: Changes of maximum strain by angular speed of disk.
CONCLUSIONS
In this research, after analytical
solution and coincidence of it with results of
numerical simulation by limit element method
and by ANSYS Workbench software, extracted
equations from elasticity rotation of annular
rotating disk have been edited for predicting of
maximum von-mises stress and maximum radial
displacement in high rotation speed and large
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Indian J.Sci.Res.3 (1) : 124-136, 2014
Rin = 0.05(m), Rout = 0.1(m), ρ = 2770( kg/m^3 ), ν = (0.33), Ε = 71(GPa)
100
Radial Strain
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80
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