POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION: A SCADA SYSTEM APPLICATION

 Power-system automation-is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control
devices. Substation automation refers to using data from Intelligent electronic devices (IED), control and automation
capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power-system devices.
Advantages:

 Efficient with less manpower  Flexible, simple and reliable

 Self-checking and readability  Portable and cost efficient

Disadvantages:

 Troubled alarms  Initial capital investments

 Lack of trained personnel
Automation Process:

Example on How SCADA Works on Electrical Distribution System:

Scada system is design to safely and reliably monitor and control the operation of large electrical network. The
system collects and processes data sent from other substation providing with the operator with the comprehensive
view of the whole network. This typical example shows how Scada monitored electrical network providing electricity
from a primary substation to a range of regional consumers.

 The primary substation provides a feed-act to a residential area, a commercial city district, and a local airport via
other local substation. A busy port and a small rural community arousal supply by the primary substation
through another circuit.

How does Scada system is used to manage and maintain the network during a fault:

 On a remote rural section of the network, a fallen tree branch causes damage to the overhead powerline
feeding substation 2. This break in supply causes the circuit breaker for this line to trip at the primary substation
leading to a total power outage to both to port and the rural community that rely on this circuit. Power to the
rest of the network remains unaffected.
 The SCADA system receives notification of the circuit breaker trip, then uses the fault passage indicator
positioned around the network to determine where the fault has occurred. In this case the fault passage
indicator at substation 2 has not tripped. So, at the remote SCADA data center, the operator is informed that the
fault must be somewhere on the line between the primary substation and substation 2.
 POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION: A SCADA SYSTEM APPLICATION

 The operator can now use SCADA system to isolate this area and reroute the power to costumer without a
supply. The operator remotely opens the incoming switch from the primary substation to substation 2. And then
opens the outgoing switch from substation 2 to the rural community. This totally isolate the port area from the
rest of the network.
 The operator can now close the outgoing switch with substation 3 to re-energize the link to substation 2.
Substation 2 can now reinstate the supply to the port.
 In order to avoid overloading one side of the network, the operator chooses instead to close the switch on the
back feed to the rural community to reinstate their supply. Supplies to all affected areas are now complete and
faulty line is safely isolated from the network, allowing the operator to arrange for a repair. Typically, the
network will be sectionalized and power rerouted within three minutes of the original fault.
 SCADA enables the operator to directly spot the specific area of the network where the fault has occurred.
 Ones the operator has confirmation that the repair has complete and all maintenance crew have cleared the
area, SCADA can be used to restore the system to its usual operation.
 The newly repaired line is tested first by closing the primary substation outgoing switch to substation 2. The line
energizes at its normal, confirming the repair. The operator can now close the incoming switch to substation 2,
reinstating the original supply route. The back feed from substation 3 is no longer required. And so, the SCADA
operator can now open its outgoing switch. With the load removed from the lowest side of the network, the
rural community outgoing switch from substation 2 is closed, creating a parallel circuit for the area.
 The final step for the SCADA operator is to reopen the switch to disabled the back-feed to the rural community,
restoring the standard operation of the whole network.

Primary Substation Rural Community

Port

Airport