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Differential Diagnosis Sesak Nafas

 Organ dan sistem organ terkait dengan dispnea


 Sistem respirasi
 Sistem neuromuskular
 Sistem kardiovaskular
 Sistem hematologi
 Sistem ginjal / metabolik
 Sistem endokrin
 Intoksikasi
 Psikogenik
 Obesiti

 Diagnosis banding dispnea akut


 Cardiac: congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia,
pericarditis, acute myocardial infarction, anemia
 Pulmonary: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia,
pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, metastatic disease,
pulmonary edema, gastroesophageal reflux disease with aspiration, restrictive
lung disease
 Psychogenic: panic attacks, hyperventilation, pain, anxiety
 Upper airway obstruction: epiglottitis, foreign body, croup, Epstein-Barr virus
 Endocrine: metabolic acidosis
 Central: neuromuscular disorders, pain, aspirin overdose
 Pediatric: bronchiolitis, croup, epiglottitis, foreign body aspiration, myocarditis

 Diagnosis banding dispnea Kronik


 Cardiac
 Congestive heart failure
 Coronary artery disease
 Cardiac arrhythmias
 Pericardial disease
 Valvular heart disease
 Pulmonary
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 Asthma
 Interstitial lung disease
 Pleural effusion
 Malignancy (primary or metastatic)
 Bronchiectasis
 Noncardiac or nonpulmonary (less common)
 Thromboembolic disease
 Psychogenic causes (GAD, PTSD, panic disorders)
 Deconditioning
 Pulmonary hypertension
 Obesity (massive)
 Severe anemia
 Gastroesophageal reflux disease
 Metabolic conditions (acidosis, uremia)
 Liver cirrhosis
 Thyroid disease
 Neuromuscular disorders (myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
 Chest wall deformities (kyphoscoliosis)
 Upper airway obstruction (laryngeal disease,tracheal stenosis)
2. Differential Diagnosis Penurunan Kesadaran
 Gangguan kesadaran tanpa disertai kelainan fokal dan kaku kuduk
 Gangguan Iskemik
 Gangguan metabolic
 Intoksikasi
 Infeksi sistemis
 Hipertermia
 Epilepsi
 Gangguan kesadaran tanpa disertai kelainan fokal tapi disertai kaku kuduk
 Perdarahan subakhnoid
 Radang selaput otak
 Radang otak
 Gangguan Kesadaran dengan kelainan fokal
 Tumor Otak
 Perdarahan Otak
 Infark
 Abses otak.

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