UNIT 5

Sea levels are rising due to global warming.

Many species are under the risk of extinction

coral reefs

Coral reefs are one of the wonders of the Earth.

cause (n) (v) = lead

There are several causes (n) and effects of global warming.

Global warming is caused (v) by emission of gases such as CO2.

effect = result

outcomes

consequences

temperature = heat

Temperature is high in Cyprus.

Freeze (v) frozen (adj) freezing (adj)

It’s freezing outside.

frozen food

percent = %

approximately = around

= about

=roughly

= nearly

= almost

There are approximately 250 students in prep school.

Experts = professionals

Experts warn about the dangers of climate change.

Isolated island

quarter
lead = cause (v)

reason = cause (n)

reduce (v) = decrease

reduction (n)

Average temperature of the Earth reduces each year.

produce = create

= manufacture

= generate

Production (n)

Livestock produces more C02 than industry.

Natural disasters

earthquake

drought

flood

hurricane

erosion

Glaciers melt because of global warming.

Completely = exactly

It is completely true.

Write a petition

I wrote a petition about the noise pollution in my neighbor.

Flood (v) (n)

Hundreds of people were killed due to the flood.

Erosion

Erosion makes soil useless/unfruitful.

Deforestation

Deforestation is done in order to open space for agriculture.

Subsistence farming will be more common in future.

Absorb

Soil absorbs the water and purify it.

Diversity

Diversity is important for the humanity.

Logging

Logging is one of the major causes of deforestation.

Log

Grazing

Trees are chopped down for more grazing area.

Livestock

Crops

Crops are planted during spring.

Decade = 10 years

Number of forests reduced over last decade.

Annual = yearly

I have already made annual plans.

Issue = problem

We have got an issue.

Challenge = difficulty

Global warming is one of the greatest challenges we face.

Area = land

Place

Zone

Trend = popular

Consequence = result
 Effect

What are the possible consequences of climate change.

Predict = estimate

= forecast

= foresee

= guess

UNIT 6

Generate = supply, provide, produce, manufacture

Human body generates electricity.

Burn calories

Extract files

Pump oil/water/blood

Set a goal

Block = ban

Physical education/activity/disorder

Heart/vote rate

Medical treatment

Self-esteem = self-confidence

Chronic disease

Diabetes

Labor force/union

Strengthen = empower

Leisure/free time activity

Pitch = court

Long Distance

Split into two

Chunking is an important language skill

Benefit = advantage

Profit

Achieve = succeed

Overcome

Tackle

Manage

Cope with

Accomplish

Noun Forms

Success

Accomplishment

Achievement

Leaflet = paper

Dairy products

Average = medium

Maintain = keep

You should maintain your health.

Nutritional = related to food

Value (v) = to be worth

Value (n) importance

Valuable (adj)

Argue = discuss

= debate

Saturated fat

Encourage = stimulate, lead

 Encouragement (n)

Injure = get hurt

Injury (n)

Suffer = I suffer from back pain.

Recognize = realize

Recognition (n)

Expect (v)

Expectation (n)

Expectancy (n) = hope (n)

Life expectancy

In order to = to

I learn English in order to go abroad.

I learn English in order that I can go abroad.

In order that = so that

Disease = illness

Such as = likewise, like

I like outdoor sports such as jogging, hiking, cycling and climbing.

Especially = particularly