HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS

PUMPS

Gear pump
A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement.

External gear pump design for hydraulic power applications.

Internal gear pump design for automotive oil pumps

Internal gear pump design for high viscosity fluids.

Rotary vane pump
A rotary vane pump is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that
rotates inside of a cavity.
The simplest vane pump has a circular rotor rotating inside a larger circular cavity. The centers of these
two circles are offset, causing eccentricity. Vanes are allowed to slide into and out of the rotor and seal
on all edges, creating vane chambers that do the pumping work.

Axial piston pump

An axial piston pump is a positive displacement pump that has a number of pistons in a circular array
within a cylinder block. It can be used as a stand-alone pump, a hydraulic motor or an automotive air
conditioning compressor.
Radial piston pump
A radial piston pump is a form of hydraulic pump. The working pistons extend in a radial direction
symmetrically around the drive shaft, in contrast to the axial piston pump.
 ACTUATORS
The actuators convert hydraulic energy to mechanical energy and are grouped as follows.

HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

Double Acting Cylinders

Piston Rod

Cylinder Housing

Fluid Ports

Piston

Differential Cylinder Non - differential Cylinder

Single acting cylinder

Load
Port Piston Rod
Piston
Rod
Rod End
Cylinder
Housing
Air Vents Air Vents

Fluid Port
Piston
HYDRAULIC MOTORS
Gear Motor

Piston Motor

Vane Motor

Valves
Pressure control valves
Valves control pressure in a hydraulic circuit

Pressure-relief valve.
It is for limiting the pressure in a hydraulic system or in a part of the system. Pressure-relief valves limit
the maximum pressure in a hydraulic circuit by providing an alternate path for fluid flow when the
pressure reaches a preset level.

Pressure-reducing valve.
This type of valve (which is normally open) is used to maintain reduced pressures in specified locations
of hydraulic systems. It is actuated by downstream pressure and tends to close as this pressure reaches
the valve setting.

Unloading valve.
Unloading valves are pressure-control devices that are used to dump excess fluid to the tank at little or
no pressure.

Counterbalance valve.
These normally closed valves are primarily used to maintain a back pressure on a vertical cylinder to
prevent it from falling due to gravity

Pressure-sequence valve.
A sequence valve is a pressure-control valve that is used to force two actuators to operate in sequence.

Brake valve.
Directional Control Valves
Directional control valves control start/stop, directions, and acceleration/deceleration of hydraulic
cylinders and motors. They can be used in various application

Designated by the number of service ports (control ports not included) and number of switching
positions

A valve with m service ports and n switching positions is thus designated as m/n way valve

Solenoid Operated Directional Valves

These valves control the flow direction in hydraulic circuits, electrically operated with manual switches,
limit switches, or pressure switches.
Solenoid Controlled Pilot Operated Directional Valves
These valves are a combination of a small solenoid operated directional valve and a large pilot operated
directional valve. The small four-way solenoid valve issued for directional control of the pilot line.

Check Valves
These valves allow free flow in one direction, while preventing flow in the
reverse direction.

Pilot Operated Check Valves

These check valves have a pilot piston, which works with remote pressure to open the closed check
valve.
FLOW CONTROL VALVES

These valves control flow rates in hydraulic circuits and are grouped as follows according to the control
to be achieved in respective circuits

Restrictors/One Way Restrictors

These valves regulate flow rates in hydraulic circuits. They have the advantages of plain structure, simple
operation, and wide range of adjustment. On the other hand, they cannot accurately control the flow

Flow Control Valves/Flow Control and Check Valves

These valves consist of a pressure compensator (pressure reducing valve that keeps the pressure
difference constant) and a restrictor. They maintain a constant flow rate, independent of the inlet-outlet
differential pressure.
Pilot Operated Flow Control and Check Valve
These valves are pilot-operated. They control the flow with a hydraulic cylinder to accelerate or
decelerate the actuator without shock.

MODULAR VALVES

These valves, including the pressure control, flow control, and directional control types, have
standardized mounting surfaces that conform to the ISO standards for solenoid operated directional
valves. They are stacked on a base plate and referred to as sandwich valves or stack valves.
PROPORTIONAL ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVES
These valves and related devices work with electrical settings to provide continuous remote control of
the pressure and flow in hydraulic circuits.

Accumulators
Accumulators are a common part of hydraulic machinery. Their function is to store energy by using
pressurized gas.

Filters
Hydraulic systems may malfunction due to clogging and internal wear. With hydraulic fluids
contaminated, hydraulic systems are damaged and fail to provide optimal performance. Therefore, they
require filtration to remove contaminants from the working fluids.