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How to get high quality stainless steel pipes?

2018-01-07

 Industry News
 News

What is a stainless steel pipe?

Stainless steel pipe is one of the more standardized materials in the building and
engineering industries. Stainless steel pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually
but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can
flow — liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids. It can also
be used for structural applications; hollow pipe is far stiffer per unit weight than solid
members.

In addition, engaging in bending, torsional strength of the same, lighter, and they are also
widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts and engineering structures.

Also used in producing all kinds of conventional weapons, the barrel, artillery shells and
so on…

WHAT IS STAINLESS STEEL?

This crystal structure makes such steels non-magnetic and less brittle at low temperatures.
For higher hardness and strength, carbon is added. When subjected to adequate heat
treatment these steels are used as razor blades, cutlery, tools etc.

Significant quantities of manganese have been used in many stainless steel compositions.
Manganese preserves an austenitic structure in the steel as does nickel, but at a lower
cost.

THE AISI DEFINES THE FOLLOWING GRADES AMONG OTHERS:

Also known as ―marine grade‖ stainless steel due to its increased ability to resist saltwater
corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing
plants.

304/304L STAINLESS STEEL

Type 304 has slightly lower strength than 302 due to its lower carbon content.

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316/316L STAINLESS STEEL

Type 316/316L Stainless Steel is a molybdenum steel possessing improved resistance to

pitting by solutions containing chlorides and other halides.

310S STAINLESS STEEL

310S Stainless Steel has excellent resistance to oxidation under constant temperatures to
2000°F.

317L STAINLESS STEEL

317L is a molybdenum bearing austenitic chromium nickel steel similar to type 316,
except the alloy content in 317L is somewhat higher.

321/321H STAINLESS STEEL

Type 321 is basic type 304 modified by adding titanium in an amount at least 5 times the
carbon plus nitrogen contents.

410 STAINLESS STEEL

Type 410 is a martensitic stainless steel which is magnetic, resists corrosion in mild
environents and has fairly good ductility.

DUPLEX 2205 (UNS S31803)

Duplex 2205 (UNS S31803), or Avesta Sheffield 2205 is a ferritic-austenitic stainless

steel.

What are Duplex Pipes?

Duplex pipes are stainless pipes containing the high amount of chromium and minimum
amount of nickel.

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We can produce and deliver nearly any duplex material requirement in pipe, tube or
fittings.

While Duplex 2205 is the most common duplex product we supply, we can also deliver
Duplex 2304 and Duplex 2207 with reduced lead times as these alloys are
stocked. Duplex 2205 (UNS S32305/S31803) is a 22% chromium, 3% molybdenum, 5-6%
nickel, nitrogen alloyed duplex stainless steel pipe with high general, localized, and stress
corrosion resistance properties in addition to high strength and excellent impact
toughness.

Alloy 2205 provides pitting and crevice corrosion resistance superior to 316L or 317L
austenitic stainless steel tube in almost all corrosive media. It also has high corrosion and
erosion fatigue properties as well as lower thermal expansion and higher thermal
conductivity than austenitic.

Standard: ASTM/ASME A789/SA789, A790/SA790

Steel Grade: UNS S32750, S31803, S32760 etc.

APPLICATIONS:

Duplex pipes are stainless pipes containing the high amount of chromium and minimum
amount of nickel. Duplex pipes provide great strength and resistance to corrosive
environments. Duplex pipes are used in desalination plants, heat exchangers, and marine
processes.
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 Duplex stainless steel 2205 has below capability:

 High intensity and good impact toughness
 It can bear stress corrosion well
 Good ability to avoid patch and crack
 Low heat expand modulus and better heat transmit
 High pressure work
 Weldable

STAINLESS STEELS ARE ALSO CLASSIFIED BY THEIR CRYSTALLINE

STRUCTURE:

 Austenitic stainless steels comprise over 70% of total stainless steel production.
They contain a maximum of 0.15% carbon, a minimum of 16% chromium and
sufficient nickel and/or manganese to retain an austenitic structure at all
temperatures from the cryogenic region to the melting point of the alloy. A typical
composition is 18% chromium and 10% nickel, commonly known as 18/10
stainless is often used in flatware. Similarly 18/0 and 18/8 is also
available. ¨Superaustenitic〃 stainless steels, such as alloy AL-6XN and 254SMO,
exhibit great resistance to chloride pitting and crevice corrosion due to high
Molybdenum contents (>6%) and nitrogen additions and the higher nickel content
ensures better resistance to stress-corrosion cracking over the 300 series. The
higher alloy content of ―Superaustenitic‖ steels means they are fearsomely
expensive and similar performance can usually be achieved using duplex steels at
much lower cost.
 Ferritic stainless steels are highly corrosion resistant, but far lessdurable than
austenitic grades and cannot be hardened by heat treatment. They contain
between 10.5% and 27% chromium and very little nickel, if any. Most
compositions include molybdenum; some, aluminium or titanium. Common ferritic
grades include 18Cr-2Mo, 26Cr-1Mo, 29Cr-4Mo, and 29Cr-4Mo-2Ni.
 Martensitic stainless steels are not as corrosion resistant as the other two classes,
but are extremely strong and tough as well as highly machineable, and can be
hardened by heat treatment. Martensitic stainless steel contains chromium
(12-14%), molybdenum (0.2-1%), no nickel, and about 0.1-1% carbon (giving it
more hardness but making the material a bit more brittle). It is quenched and
magnetic. It is also known as ―series-00‖ steel.
 Duplex stainless steels have a mixed microstructure of austenite and ferrite, the
aim being to produce a 50:50 mix although in commercial alloys the mix may be
60:40. Duplex steel have improved strength over austenitic stainless steels and
also improved resistance to localised corrosion particularly pitting, crevice
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corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. They are characterised by high chromium
and lower nickel contents than austenitic stainless steels.

The main elements in stainless steel

Stainless steel or corrosion-resistant steel is a kind of metallic alloy that is found in a

variety of forms. It serves our practical needs so well that it is difficult to find any sphere of
our life, where we do not use this type of steel. The major components of stainless steel
are: iron, chromium, carbon, nickel, molybdenum and small quantities of other metals.

Chromium and Nickel:

Chromium is the element that makes stainless steel stainless. It is essential in forming the
passive film. Other elements can influence the effectiveness of chromium in forming or
maintaining the film, but no other element by itself can create the properties of stainless
steel.

At about 10.5% chromium, a weak film is formed and will provide mild atmospheric
protection. By increasing the chromium to 17-20%, which is typical in the type-300 series
of austenitic stainless steels, the stability of the passive film is increased. Further
increases in the chromium content will provide additional protection.

Nickel will stabilize the austenitic structure (the grain or crystal Symbol Element
structure) of the stainless steel and enhance the mechanical
properties and fabrication characteristics. A nickel content of 8-10% Al Aluminum
C Carbon
and above will decrease the tendency of the metal to crack due to
Cr Chromium
stress corrosion. Nickel also promotes repassivation in case the
Cu Copper
film is damaged.
Fe Iron
Manganese:
Mo Molybdenum
Manganese, in association with nickel, performs many of the Mn Manganese
functions attributed to nickel. It will also interact with the sulfur in N Nitrogen
stainless steel to form manganese sulfites, which increases the Ni Nickel
resistance to pitting corrosion. By substituting manganese for nickel, P Phosphorous
and then combining it with nitrogen, strength is also increased. S Sulfur
Se Selenium
Ta Tantalum
Molybdenum: Ti Titanium
Molybdenum, in combination with chromium, is very effective in stabilizing the passive film
in the presence of chlorides. It is effective in preventing crevice or pitting corrosion.
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Molybdenum, next to chromium, provides the largest increase in corrosion resistance in

stainless steel. Edstrom Industries uses 316 stainless because it contains 2-3%
molybdenum, which gives protection when chlorine is added to the water.

Carbon:
Carbon is used to increase strength. In the martensitic grade, the addition of carbon
facilitates hardening through heat-treating.

Nitrogen:
Nitrogen is used to stabilize the austenitic structure of stainless steel, which enhances its
resistance to pitting corrosion and strengthens the steel. Using nitrogen makes it possible
to increase the molybdenum content up to 6%, which improves corrosion resistance in
chloride environments.

Titanium and Miobium:

Titanium and Miobium are used to reduce the sensitization of stainless steel. When
stainless steel is sensitized, intergranular corrosion can occur. This is caused by the
precipitation of chrome carbides during the cooling phase when parts are welded. This
depletes the weld area of chromium. Without the chromium, the passive film cannot form.
Titanium and Niobium interact with carbon to form carbides, leaving the chromium in
solution so a passive film can form.

Copper and Aluminum:

Copper and Aluminum, along with Titanium, can be added to stainless steel to precipitate

These elements form a hard intermetallic microstructure during the soaking process at the
elevated temperature.

Sulfur and Selenium:

Sulfur and Selenium are added to 304 stainless to make it machine freely. This becomes
303 or 303SE stainless steel, which is used by Edstrom Industries to make hog valves,
nuts, and parts that are not exposed to drinking water.

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How to get high quality stainless steel pipes?

STANDARD (NORM)

 Pipe Dimension
 Pipe Material(Grade)
 Chemical Composition
 Mechanical Properties
 Technology Flow chart
 Range of Applications

DELIVERY REQUIRMENT:

 Marking: Yaang, material grade, standard, specification, heat no.

 Surface Treatment: Bright annealed, polished outside and inside surface.
 Package: knitting strip bundle, wooden box or steel box
 Mill test certificate: according to EN 10204 3.2
 Inspection: Third party inspection, or by clints

PIPE SIZE RANGE:

 Outside diameter: range from 6mm to 530mm.

 Wall thickness: SCH5S, SCH10S, SCH40S, SCH80S, SCH 120S
 Legnth: unbending length or fix length

Stainless Steel Pipe Weights and Dimensions

WALL THICKNESS

Stainless steel pipe categorized by the American National Standards Institute uses the
term schedule in reference to the pipe’s wall thickness. Despite this standardization, the
wall thickness is not the same for every diameter of pipe. Instead, the schedule refers to
the general strength of the pipe. Therefore, a schedule 40S stainless pipe has a wall
thickness of approximately 1.73mm for a pipe with outside diameter of 10.3mm but
increases to 9.53mm for a pipe of the same schedule but 323.9mm in diameter. There are
four general schedules for stainless pipe; 5S, 10S, 40S and 80S.

DIAMETER

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Within each schedule of pipe there are multiple diameters of stainless steel pipe
standardized by ANSI. These diameters range from 10.3mm (or .405 inches) to 323.9mm
(or 12.75 inches). It is important to note that some diameters are not available in every
schedule. For instance, the smallest diameters are not available in schedule 5S and many
diameters are very difficult to find in some schedules, or very expensive if they are
available.

MATERIALS

Though ANSI standardizes stainless steel pipe, there are multiple formulas of stainless
steel available. The two primary steels used in the manufacture of stainless steel pipe are
ANSI 304 stainless steel and ANSI 316. Both steels have similar chemistry and differ only
slightly in the amount of chromium in the steel.

Stainless Steel Pipe Weights and Dimensions

Black – Indicates wall thickness in inches.

Red – Indicates weight per foot in pounds.

PIP O.D. 5s True 10s True 20 30 True STD. 60 True XH 100 120 140 True XXH
E 5 10 40 80 160
SIZ
E
1/8 0.40 .035 .049 .049 .068 .0668 .095 .095
5 .138 .186 .1863 .2447 .3145 .3145
3 3 .2447
1/4 0.54 .049 .065 .065 .088 .088 .119 .119
0 .257 . .3297 .4248 .4248 .5351 .5351
0 3297
3/8 0.67 .049 .065 .065 .091 .091 .126 .126
5 .327 .423 .4235 .5676 .5676 .7388 .7388
6 5
1/2 0.84 .065 .065 .083 .083 .109 .109 .147 .147 .187 .294
0 .538 .538 .671 .6710 .8510 .8510 1.088 1.088 1.304 1.71
3 0 0 4
3/4 1.05 .065 .065 .083 .083 .113 .113 .154 .154 .218 .308
0 .683 .683 .857 .8572 1.131 1.131 1.474 1.474 1.937 2.44
8 8 2 1
1 1.31 .065 .065 .109 .109 .133 .133 .179 .179 .250 .382
5 .867 .867 1.40 1.404 1.679 1.679 2.172 2.172 3.765 5.21
8 8 4 4
1 1.66 .065 .065 .109 .109 .140 .140 .191 .191 .250 .382
1/4 0 1.10 1.10 1.80 1.806 2.273 2.273 2.997 2.997 3.765 5.21
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7 7 6 4
1 1.90 .065 .065 .109 .109 .145 .145 .200 .200 .281 .400
1/2 0 1.27 1.27 2.08 2.085 2.718 2.718 3.631 3.631 4.859 6.40
4 4 5 8
2 2.37 .065 .065 .109 .109 .154 .154 .218 .218 .343 .436
5 1.60 1.60 2.63 2.638 3.653 3.653 5.022 5.022 7.444 9.02
4 4 8 9
2 2.87 .083 .083 .120 .120 .203 .203 .276 .276 .375 .552
1/2 5 2.47 2.47 3.53 3.531 5.793 5.793 7.661 7.661 10.01 13.7
5 5 1 0
3 3.5 .083 .083 .120 .120 .216 .216 .300 .300 .438 .600
3.02 3.02 4.33 4.332 7.576 7.576 10.25 10.25 14.32 18.5
9 9 2 8
3 4.0 .083 .083 .120 .120 .226 .226 .318 .318 .636
1/2 3.47 3.47 4.97 4.973 9.109 9.109 12.51 12.51 22.8
2 2 3 5
4 4.5 .083 .083 .120 .120 .237 .237 .281 .337 .337 .438 .531 .674
3.91 3.91 5.61 5.613 10.79 10.79 12.66 14.98 14.98 19.00 22.51 27.5
5 5 3 4
4 5.0 .247 .355 .710
1/2 12.53 17.61 32.5
3
5 5.56 .109 .109 .134 .134 .258 .258 .375 .375 .500 .625 .750
3 6.34 6.34 7.77 7.770 14.62 14.62 20.78 20.78 27.04 32.96 38.5
9 9 0 5
6 6.62 .109 .109 .134 .134 .280 .280 .432 .432 .562 .719 .864
5 7.58 7.58 9.29 9.289 18.97 18.97 28.57 28.57 36.39 45.30 53.1
5 5 0 6
7 7.62 .301 .500 .875
5 23.57 38.05 63.0
8
8 8.62 .109 .109 .148 .148 .250 .277 .322 .322 .406 .500 .500 .594 .719 .812 .906 .875
5 9.91 9.91 13.4 13.40 22.3 24.70 28.55 28.55 35.64 43.39 43.39 50.87 60.63 67.76 74.69 72.4
4 4 0 6 2
9 9.62 .342 .500
5 33.90 48.72
10 10.7 .134 .134 .165 .165 .250 .307 .365 .365 .500 .594 .500 .719 .844 1.000 1.125
5 15.1 15.1 18.6 18.70 28.0 34.24 40.48 40.48 54.74 64.33 54.74 76.93 89.20
9 9 5 4 104.1 115.6
11 11.7 .375 .500
5 45.55 60.07
12 12.7 .156 .165 .180 .180 .250 .330 .406 .375 .562 .688 .500 .844 1.000 1.125 1.312
5 21.0 22.1 24.1 24.20 33.3 43.77 53.53 49.56 73.16 88.51 65.42 107.2
7 8 6 8 125.5 139.7 160.3

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14 14.0 .156 .188 .250 .312 .375 .437 .375 .594 .750 .500 .938 1.094 1.250 1.406
23.0 27.7 36.71 45.6 54.57 63.37 54.57 84.91 106.1 72.09 130.7
7 3 8 150.7 170.2 189.1
16 16.0 .165 .188 .250 .312 .375 .500 .375 .656 .844 .500 1.031 1.219 1.438 1.593
27.9 31.7 42.05 52.3 62.58 82.77 62.58 107.5 136.5 82.77
0 5 6 164.8 192.3 223.5 245.1
18 18.0 .165 .188 .250 .312 .437 .562 .375 .750 .938 .500 1.156 1.375 1.562 1.781
31.4 35.7 47.39 59.0 82.06 104.8 70.59 138.2 170.8 93.45
3 6 3 208.0 244.1 274.2 308.5
20 20.0 .188 .218 .250 .375 .500 .594 .375 .812 1.031 .500 1.281 1.500 1.750 1.968
39.7 46.0 52.73 78.6 104.1 122.9 78.60 166.4 104.1
8 5 0 208.9 256.1 296.4 341.1 379.0
22 22.0 .250 .375 .500 .375 .875 1.125 .500 1.357 1.625 1.875 2.125
58.07 86.6 114.8 86.61 197.4 114.8
1 1 2 250.8 1 302.8 353.6 403.0 451.0
2 8 1 1 7
24 24.0 .218 .250 .250 .375 .562 .687 .375 .969 1.219 .500 1.531 1.812 2.062 2.343
55.3 63.4 63.41 94.6 140.8 171.2 94.62 238.1 125.5
7 1 2 296.4 367.4 429.4 483.1 541.9
26 26.0 .312 .375 .500
85.73 102.6 136.1
3 7
30 30.0 .250 .312 .312 .625 .375 .500
79.4 98.9 99.08 196.0 118.6 157.5
3 3 8 5 3
34 34.0 .312 .625 .688 .375 .500
112.4 222.7 244.6 134.6 178.8
3 8 0 7 9
36 36.0 .312 .625 .688 .375 .500
119.1 236.1 282.3 142.6 189.5
1 3 6 8 7
42 42.0 .625 .688 .375 .500
276.1 330.4 166.7 221.6
7 1 1 1
PIP O.D. 5s True 10s True 20 30 True STD. 60 True XH 100 120 140 True XXH
E 5 10 40 80 160
SIZ
E

HOW STAINLESS STEEL PIPE IS MADE?

pipe mill Process description:

 Rolling and welding

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Firstly, the stainless steel strips are made to gone through various quality checks and are
trimmed at edges. They are then fed to the tubes mill by stainless steel pipe
manufacturers in china. The strips pass through the number of rollers as per the required
size. In the tubes-mill, the strip is gradually converted into the tubular shape. The fitted
welding machine is then used to weld trim edges of the strip using TIG welding process.
The scraps and inside weld bead are removed instantaneously by the Tibo machine. In
this way, rolled pipes and tubes are formed.

 The cleaning and heating phase

The rolled stainless steel pipes thus manufactured are cut to the required lengths
depending upon the industrial demand. These stainless pipes and tubes are then
subjected to cleaning to remove the dirt. Further, a heat treatment is given to these rolled
pipes and tubes to remove the stresses that may occur due to welding and formation
processes. Heat treatment is given on the continuously rolling hearth furnace. The furnace
is fitted with temperature recorders and controllers. After the heat treatment process, the
SS tubes and pipes are straightened and subjected to pickling for removing scales from
the surface.

 Cold- drawing process

In some cases, the required size may not be obtained from the mill directly. Then, the cold
operation process can be used to obtain the desired size. In cold drawing process, the
tubes or pipes are coated with oxalic and soap solution. This solution acts as a lubricant to
reduce friction while cold drawing operation. In the cold drawing process, the tube or pipe
is drawn over the bench using Die plugs.

 Finishing process

The drawn-out tube or ss pipe is then subjected to cleaning, heat treatment, pickling and
straightening. The computerized ink jet marking machine is used to do the marking on the
finished pipes or tubes. The pipe or tube is marked with grade of material, size, heat
number and the stamp of third party inspection before passing on tostainless steel pipe
exporters. The stainless tubes or pipes thus produced will undergo certain testing and
quality checks. This process is followed by proper packing and dispatch. There are
numerous numbers of stainless steel pipe applications, these pipes and tubes are used
thereafter for.

Pearlite steel is one of the leading Stainless Steel Pipe manufacturer in India. We provide
services to oil and gas, pipeline, food processing, automobile and other manufacturing
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industries worldwide Our state of art manufacturing unit is capable of producing wide
range and dimensions of stainless steel pipe and tube. We supply our customers with the
highest level of stainless steel products. We are Stainless steel pipe and tube
manufacturer from India.

Here’s a video of Stainless Steel pipe Manufacturing process:

Stainless Steel Seamless Pipes packing

Capped end stainless steel tube

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Tubes putted in wooden boxes

the wooden boxes packing for stainless products

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Warehouse
Source: China Stainless Steel Pipes Manufacturer – Yaang pipe fitting Industry Co.,
Limited (www.steeljrv.com)

(Yaang Pipe Industry is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless
steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges,
Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe. Yaang products are widely used in
Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage
treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries.)

If you want to have more information about the article or you want to share your opinion
with us, contact us at sales@steeljrv.com

Please notice that you might be interested in the other technical articles we’ve published:

• Tips for selecting expansion joints

• What is the difference between a steel pipe and a steel tube?

• Engineering Specification for Pressure Test of Piping System

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• How to choose a valve and valve end connection type

• How to test pipe fitting?

• Manufacturing process of cold rolled steel pipe

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• HOW TO GET HIGH QUALITY STEEL PIPES

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• WHEN TO USE LAP JOINT FLANGE

• How To Distinguish Inferior Steel Pipe

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• How to get high quality carbon steel pipes

References:

 http://americanstainlessandsupply.com/pvf_reference_table_details.php?Stainles
s-Steel-Pipe-Weights-and-Dimensions-4
 http://pearlitesteel.com/stainless-steel-pipe-and-tube-manufacturing-process/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)
 https://www.yaang.com

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