SECTION 3A

CONCRETE

1. SCOPE

a. This Section sets forth the materials and workmanship for the concrete for building work, and
related works required under the Contract.

b. Other Section in the Specification listed below shall apply to this Section to the extent applicable
except unless otherwise specified hereunder.

SECTION 2C, EARTH WORK

SECTION 2D, PILING

SECTION 2E, CONCRETE

2. GENERAL

a. Requirements for concrete work prescribed in this Section shall apply for the concrete work of
Civil Works SECTION 2E, CONCRETE to the extent applicable.

b. Submittal

1) Refer to SECTION 1H, SUBMITTALS.

2) The Contractor shall prepare and submit all the detailed calculation, bending schedules and
shop drawings necessary for the execution of the concrete work to the Engineer for approval.

3) As soon as practicable after signing of the Contract and before commencing the work at site,
the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval a complete list of all items of
equipment and materials he proposes to use in the work, giving the name and address of the
manufacturer, trade names and full descriptions required to identify the item. Consideration
will not be given to partial lists submitted from time to time.

4) No order shall be placed by the Contractor for major materials or equipment unless written
approval of the Engineer has been obtained.

5) Where due to non availability of any materials or for any other reason, the Contractor desires
to substitute another brand or type of material for the one approved, the Contractor shall submit
his application to the Engineer accompanied with the followings.

a. Samples of the proposed materials with all necessary technical information

b. Detailed comparison of the properties of both items
c. Detailed price analysis of both items
d. Explicit reasons for desiring the change
c. Confer with Other Related Works

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 Before commencing any concrete work, the Contractor shall confer with other related works to
ensure that all piping, conduits, drains, sleeves, bolts, hangers, fixing lugs, timber fillets or any
other materials necessary to be installed or embedded in the concrete have been fixed.

3. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL

a. Aggregates

The fine aggregate shall be of pit sand and the coarse aggregate shall be of crushed durable stone
or gravel of 20 mm maximum size both approved by the Engineer. All aggregate shall be clean,
free from chalk, organic matters, or other harmful matters to the concrete in conformance to the
requirements of NI-2.

b. Anchorage Items

Slots and insert for anchoring masonry and mechanical items of concrete shall be of standard
products to and of types required to engage with the anchors to be provided and installed therein
under other Sections of these Specifications, and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.

1) Slots shall be dovetail of not lighter than 24 gage zinc-coated steel with filler that prevents
concrete or water from entering and that can be easily removed or punctured for installing
anchors.

2) Wire inserts for attachment of wire hangers for suspended ceiling shall not be lighter than 7
gage. Zinc-coated inserts of the same section shall be set in the concrete.

3) Inserts for bolt hangers shall be of malleable iron or of cast or wrought steel. Inserts for bolt
hangers shall be either threaded or slotted as required by the type of hanger to be used.

These inserts shall have integral lugs to prevent turning.

4. CLASSES OF CONCRETE AND USAGE

a. Concrete of the various classes indicated and required under other Sections shall be proportioned
and mixed as specified in Clause 9, SECTION 2E.

Water-proof concrete shall be as structural concrete with the addition of an approved water proofing
admixture.

b. All concrete mix proportions shall be designed by the Contractor in accordance with the applicable
requirements of NI-2 comprising of cement, water, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate in
proportion to achieve the specified strength. The water cement ratio, the proportion of fine
aggregate, coarse aggregate and of cement to aggregate shall be such that the mixed concrete is
homogeneous, free from voids, weather tight and of maximum density consistent with proper
workability. Notwithstanding the requirements of NI- 2, the maximum slump shall not exceed 100
mm. Both the water and sand content shall be kept as low as possible to minimize shrinkage.

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5. MIXING CONCRETE

a. The cement, water and all aggregate shall be measured separately and accurately in weighing
machines approved by the Engineer.

b. Concrete shall be mixed in power or portable mixers of minimum capacity 0.2 m3, types and
capacities shall be approved by the Engineer.
c. In measuring the water for each batch of concrete, allowance shall be established and approved for
the content of the aggregates. The water content of the aggregate shall be measured before the day's
placing concrete and when they are to be placed immediately after delivery.

d. Each batch shall contain the minimum amount of water consistent with a concrete of adequate
workability for proper compaction by vibrator. The water-cement ratio shall be approved by the
Engineer and varied only with his approval. Any concrete containing too much water shall be
removed from the site and wasted as directed by the Engineer. Mixing shall continue until concrete
is uniform in color and consistency and the entire contents of the drums shall be discharged before
the materials of the succeeding batch are fed into drum.

e. The mixer shall be thoroughly cleaned at the end of each shift or any time when it has been out of
use for more than 30 minutes before any fresh concrete is mixed.

6. FORMS

a. All form works shall be sufficiently strong enough to resist the dead weight of concrete, any
temporary loads during construction and the effect of vibration during placing concrete without
bulginess or undue deflection.

b. Forms shall be constructed to keep the finished concrete surfaces within the specified tolerances.
Forms for beams and slabs shall be laid with an upward camber to ensure a level soffit. For beams
and slabs over 6 m span, the upward camber of the forms shall be 5 mm for every 3 m of span. For
cantilevered members, the forms at the free end shall be elevated by 5 mm for every 1.5 m of
projection.

7. REINFORCEMENT

a. Bars in contact shall be firmly secured to each other with binding wires or crisp. The Contractor
shall ensure that all reinforcement is in the correct relation to the framework to keep the specified
concrete cover by use of spacing blocks, rings or other means approved by the Engineer, and also
that the reinforcement will not be moved during the placing concrete or under the effect of
vibration.

b. The top reinforcement in slabs shall be rigidly supported from the bottom reinforcement at 1.5 m
intervals in each direction. Sheets of mesh fabric shall be flat unless specified to be bent, and any
tendency to curl or twist shall be corrected before fixing.
c. Spacing blocks and rings shall be composed of fine aggregate and cement of the same type and
color, and mixed in the same proportion as that of the concrete to be placed. Hairpins of 18 swg
soft iron wire shall be left projected from the spacing blocks to fasten them to the reinforcement.
Plastic or other proprietary spacers may be used subject to the prior approval of the Engineer. Rings

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 and blocks shall be the thickness of concrete cover shown on the Drawings and must be matured in
damp condition for at least 2 days before use.

d. Starter bars to columns and walls, etc., shall be fixed securely to the reinforcement in the concrete
and shall not pushed into the wet concrete after placing.

8. OPENING AND FIXTURES IN CONCRETE

a. The contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval detailed shop drawings of any fixings to
be permanently embedded in the concrete. Fixings which are likely to weaken the structure will not
be permitted.

b. Adequate slots or inserts shall be provided for anchoring members at openings. Slots and dowels
shall be provided for anchoring ends and tops of masonry partitions.

c. Inserts for hanger for piping and mechanical fixtures and their installation shall be as shown on the
approved shop drawings.

9. TOLERANCES

a. The surfaces of all concrete members after the forms have been opened shall not vary from the
dimensions shown on the Drawings with the tolerance given below.

1. The distance between the axis of two adjacent columns shall not exceed + 10 mm.
2. No column face shall exceed + 5 mm in relation to the corresponding faces of the two adjacent
columns in the same vertical plane.
3. Vertical concrete members shall not exceed + 10 mm from plumb in a height not exceeding 4.5
m, + 12 mm in a height over 4.5 m to 6.0 m, and + 15 mm in a height over 6.0 m.
4. The horizontal elevations of concrete members shall not exceed + 10 mm. The sum in absolute
value of the height differences of three points on any successive supports shall not exceed 5
mm. Wall and slab surface shall not exceed 3 mm from the true plane under a 1.0 m straight
edge and 10 mm under a 3.0 m straight edge.
5. The cross sectional dimension of all concrete members to be covered shall not exceed + 6 mm,
and for all exposed members + 3mm. No minus tolerance is permitted.
6. Special care shall be taken by the Contractor to obtain accurate cross sections and thicknesses
where members are in or about the same plane.

b. The dimensions of all members shall be checked at removing the forms and the Engineer shall be
informed immediately of any discrepancies. The Engineer may order the Contractor to cut back,
make good or cut out/or pour the concrete where the finished concrete does not comply with the
above tolerances.

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