Exam hints

(This was for first years in 2014, but still applies to you lovely first years in 2015)

Hello my little Medlets! I want everyone to study hard this week, but make sure you take the time to
chill before bed and sleep properly. It’s better to study of a night time and sleep, then to wake up
early and study as sleep helps the brain process and organise memories better.

The purpose of these questions is to help you extract the relevant information into an answer. It’s no
use studying lots and cramming a lot of information into your head if you are unable to retrieve it.

This exam is only 5% and there is no minimum to pass, so don’t fret if you come out on Friday and
don’t feel like you’ve gone as well as you would have done in college.

I know themes 2-4 suck but you have to make sure that you leave yourself enough time to answer
those questions, because if you have done the study they are easy marks and can help boost your
result.

Good luck and if you have any questions just email Heni or Bronte 

P.s. sorry for any spelling or grammar errors :P

MCQ questions for CAM101 Midsemester exam

Which of these descriptions is incorrect? Intermediate filaments include proteins such as:

a) Keratin
b) Actin
c) Vimentin
d) Neurofilament
e) Lamin

Which plane divides the body into an anterior and a posterior part?

a) Coronal
b) Horizontal
c) Sagittal
d) Transverse
e) None of the above

Enzymes:

a) Work best at temperatures below 20o

b) Are branched polymers of amino acids
c) Are unbranched polymers of amino acids
d) Operate equally well at pH 2, pH 7, and pH 12
e) Contain only essential amino acids
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

a) Have their first C-C double bond at the 3rd C atom from the –COOH end
b) Reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease
c) In nature, normally have a trans configuration
d) Are not essential in the diet
e) Can be converted to carbohydrates in the liver

Dietary fibre:

a) Is only found in bran

b) Is synthesised in both plants and animals
c) Consists of cellulose only
d) Passes through our gut and emerges completely unchanged in our faeces
e) Consists mainly of polysaccharide(s)

Liver glycogen:

a) Is an unbranched polymer of glucose

b) Is a branched polymer of glucose
c) During extended fasting, is synthesised from plasma glucose
d) During extended fasting, is used to ‘top up’ plasma glucose levels
e) Is secreted into the blood by the liver

Water-soluble vitamins:

a) Includes vitamins A, D, E and K

b) Include niacin, riboflavin and thiamine
c) Are not extracted from foods by boiling
d) Are likely to be deficient in diets that are very low in fat
e) Are not likely to appear in the urine

Insulin:

a) Promotes synthesis of triglycerides in adipose cells after a meal

b) Raises plasma glucose levels by enhancing glucose movement across cell membranes of the
muscle
c) Is secreted by the pancreas during starvation
d) Promotes entry of glucose into brain cells
e) Promotes conversion of amino acids to glucose in liver

Ketone bodies:

a) Are polyunsaturated fatty acids

b) Are formed in the liver, but only in the first few hours after a meal
c) Are a by-product of beta oxidation of fatty acids
d) Are a useless waster product that has to be excreted in urine
e) Are essential amino acids
All of the following features of transitional epithelium are correct EXCEPT:

a) Its surface cells are dome-shaped and actively secrete fluid

b) Its cell have structural adaptations to allow a large amount of expansion
c) It appears to have many cell layers in its relaxed form
d) Its cell have many tight junctions to ensure it is leak-proof
e) It lines the renal calyces and ureters

Which of the following statements about the basement membrane is correct?

a) The basement membrane is exclusively produced by the overlying epithelial cells

b) The basement membrane is exclusively produced by the underlying connective tissues
c) The basement membrane is partly composed of a basal lamina
d) The basement membrane is entirely composed of a basal lamina
e) The basement membrane is anchored to the overlying epithelial cells by tight junctions

Which of following cell membrane junctions is found on the basal surface of epithelial cells?

a) Zonula occludens
b) Zonula adherens
c) Macular adherens
d) Gap junctions
e) Hemidesmosomes

Which of the following functions of basal laminae is incorrect?

a) Filtration
b) Compartmentalisation
c) Polarity induction
d) Nutritional support
e) Structural attachment

Which of the following cell junctions is responsible for the prevention of material moving between
epithelial cells?

a) Zonula occludens
b) Zonula adherens
c) Macular adherens
d) Gap junctions
e) Hemidesmosomes

Which of the following cell junctions is also known as a spot desmosome?

a) Zonula occludens
b) Zonula adherens
c) Macular adherens
d) Gap junctions
e) Hemidesmosomes
Which of the following cell junctions are found to be composed of structure called connexions?

a) Zonula occludens
b) Zonula adherens
c) Macular adherens
d) Gap junctions
e) Hemidesmosomes

Which of the following bones is not part of the axial skeleton?

a) Pelvic girdle
b) Rib
c) Skull
d) Sternum
e) Vertebra

The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is

a) K+
b) Na+
c) Cl-
d) Mg2+
e) HCO3-

Which of the following hormones regulates water loss from the collecting ducts of the kidney?

a) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

b) Aldosterone
c) Cortisol
d) Thyroxine
e) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

SAQ questions for CAM101 Midsemester exam

1. (5 marks) Describe the structural composition and functions of three of the following five cellular
features:
a. Mitochondria
b. Nuclear membrane
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Ribosomes
e. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. (5 marks) Describe the composition of the plasma membrane, including the functional roles of
cholesterol and proteins.
3. (5 marks) Describe the membrane transport processes that may be used to transport protein
across the cell membrane to the site of action. Include in your answer whether or not these
processes require energy.
4. (5 marks) Compare and contrast dense connective tissue with smooth muscle.
5. (5 marks) Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the main series of events that occur in normal cell
mitosis.
6. (5 marks) After injuries such as burns, local tissues must produce many proteins during scar
formation and skin repair. Briefly outline the major steps in protein synthesis of keratin in the
skin.
7. (2 marks) Comment on blood levels of the hormones insulin, adrenalin and glucagon in
starvation.
8. (3 marks) In starvation, a key priority is to provide glucose to keep the brain functioning. Outline
how the body draws on its reserves to obtain the glucose required (Hint: gluconeogenesis).
9. (2 marks) In starvation, intra-cellular levels of water soluble vitamins (e.g. niacin, riboflavin) fall.
Briefly comment on the role of the coenzymes NAD+ (from niacin) and FAD (formed from
riboflavin) in fuel catabolism.
10. (5 marks) Discuss lipid metabolism, transport and storage
11. (5 marks) Compare and contrast the cellular changes associated with cell necrosis and apoptosis.
12. (5 marks) Describe the macroscopic and microscopic features of coagulative necrosis.
13. (5 marks) Describe and explain atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia and involution,
giving two examples of each.
14. (5 marks) Discuss the function of ubiquitin in cell stress response
15. (5 marks) Compare and contrast the structure and function of cilia and microvilli.
16. (5 marks) Briefly discuss how the innate immune system response protects us from viral
infections (e.g. chickenpox) and bacterial infections (e.g. clostridium tetani).
17. (4 marks) Describe the role of different antibody isotypes in immunity, giving examples of three
different isotypes.
18. (5 marks) Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani¸ a gram positive bacterium. What is a gram
positive bacterium?
19. (5 marks) Briefly describe five functions of the musculoskeletal system. For each, give an
example of how another organ system of the body contributes to this function.
Theme 2

Discuss verbal and non-verbal factors that make a good patient consultation. (10 marks)

Theme 3

List the various health determinants and talk about one in detail with respect to the refugees. (10
marks)

Theme 4

Discuss the goals of medicine and professionalism. (10 marks)

What is academic integrity? (10 marks)