Week 1-AC Systems

Maritime Engineering Design
JEE483
Dr Walid Amin
Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

General
Unit Title: Maritime Engineering Design
Unit Code: JEE483
Semester: 1 Year 2014
Pre-Requisites: JEE 458 Marine Machinery Systems
Prior knowledge
&/or skills: JEE246, JEE458
Courses: Bachelor of Engineering (Marine and Offshore Engineering)
Credit Points: 12.5

National Centre: Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics
Campus: Launceston

Teaching Arrangements
Consultation
Title Name Office Email Phone
Days & Times
Co-ordinator/ 6324 Thursday

Dr Walid Amin G92 Use MyLo pager
Lecturer 9402 12:00 -13:00
Class Day Time Location Group

Tuesday 13:00-14:50 G38 All
Lecture/Tutorial
Thursday 10:00-11:50 G38 All
Lecture/Tutorial
Tuesday (8 April) 13:00-17:00 Towing Tank All
Practical

References
• There are no required text books for this subject.
• Recommended reading
• Blanchard, B.S., 2003, Logistics Engineering and Management, 6ed, Prentice-Hall College Division,
USA. (L)
• Challen, B. and Baranescu, R., 2003, Diesel Engine Reference Book, 2nd Ed, Butterworth Heinemann,
Oxford. (L 1999)
• Knezevic, J., 1997, System Maintainability Analysis, Engineering and Management, Chapman and
Hall, London, UK. (L)
• Kumar, U.D.,Crocker, J., Knezevic, J. and El-Haram, M., 2000, Reliability, Maintenance and Logistic
Support, a life cycle approach, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, USA. (L)
• Meier-Peter, H. and Bernhardt, F., 2009, Compendium Marine Engineering, Seehafen Verlag,
Hamburg. (L)
• McGeorge, H.D., 2000, Marine Auxiliary Machinery, 7th ed., Butterworths-Heinemann, Oxford.(L -e
1998)
• Mc Quiston, F.C., Parker, J.D. and Spitler, J.D., 2000, 5th ed., Heating Ventilating and Air
Conditioning: Analysis and Design, Wiley, New York. (L 20000, 2005)
• Molland, A.F., 2008, The Maritime Engineering Reference Book, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
(L,e)
• Moubray, J. 1997, Reliability-centred Maintenance, 2ed., Industrial Press, New York. (L)
• Woodyard, D. (Ed), 2004, Pounder’s Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines, 8th Ed, Elsevier
Butterworths-Heinemann, Oxford.(L2004, e 2009)
• Woud, H.K. and Stapersma, D., 2003, Design of Propulsion and Electric Power Generation Systems,
IMarEST Publications, London. (L2002)

Access to Unit Materials
• You will need to use the online MyLo platform (supported by Utas):
Log in using your user name and password (contact help desk if you do not
have one)

Attendance Requirements
Attendance at all assigned class times is expected.
You are responsible for all information (both
academic and administrative) presented during
class times. Should you miss a class for whatever
reason it is your responsibility to obtain
information and content that was missed.
Participation at labs, tutorials and practicals is

mandatory.
Addressing eValuate outcomes
• eValuate is online “Student Evaluation of Teaching and
Learning”.
• 2013 students were the reason for the following outcomes, so you need to
take your responsibility for addressing meaningful concerns for next year
students
• 2013 SETL Outcomes:
The unit seems to be a review of what was studied before in
Marine Engineering units JEE246 and JEE458. No thing was
there to reflect the unit title
• Actions:
The unit is refurbished to introduce practical applications
that are very common tasks for Marine and Offshore
Engineers through Project-based learning.

Readings /
Week Date Topic Assessment
Problems
1 25/27Feb HVAC systems
2 4/6 Mar Air distribution and conditioning
3 11/13 Mar Air distribution and conditioning Assignment 1 release
4 18/20 Mar Piping systems
5 25/27 Mar Piping systems Assignment 1 due 30 March
6 1/3 Apr Engine performance maps. Assignment 2 release
7 8/10 April Propulsor theory Towing tank lab
8 15/17 April Engine-Propulsor matching
18-24 Apr Semester Break Assignment 2 due 26 April
9 29 April / 1 May Cargo systems
10 6/8 May Reliability centred maintenance Assignment 3 Release
11 13/15 May Maintenance of marine systems
Building/repair contracts and tendering in the Assignment 3 due 25 May/Assignment 4

12 20/22 May
maritime industry release
Dr 13
Walid Amin 27/29 May Evaluation of technical offers 3/25/2014
Assignment 4 due 8 June
Assessment Schedule
Assessment Task Due Date / Details %
Assignment 1 30/3/2014 25
Total 100%

Lecturetools.com
• Interactive engaging lecturing system
• You can ask anonymous questions and see other students Q &
A
• You can write your notes on each slide
• You can flag slides of confusion
• You can participate in activities using your phone/smartphone
• To access:
https://my.lecturetools.com.au/users/generic_invite/15ae99d53
072430029f1c6b4e6bc2577

HVAC SYSTEMS

HVAC systems
INTRODUCTION

HEATING VENTILLATING AND AIR
CONDITIONING
• The field of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the
science and practice of controlling indoor climate, to provide
healthy and comfortable interior conditions for occupants of a sea
going vessel in a well-designed, energy-efficient, and low- emissions
manner.
• Comfortable conditions depend not only on the temperature and

humidity but also includes sensitivity to air movement, air freshness
and purity.
• Good ventilation is vital to the health and well-being of those on

board ship and a very important factor of any HVAC system lies in
its ability to respond to changing climatic conditions.

MARINE A/C UNIT
Example
HVAC systems have

equipment to:
• Generate heating or
cooling.
• Distribute heat, cooling,

and/or filtered ventilation
air
• Deliver the heat, cooling,

and/or fresh air into the
spaces.

Submarine Ventilation System

COMFORT ZONES

Heating/Cooling Load
, kW

Types of A/C units
Central Units Packaged units

• Air is distributed to a group of spaces • A PU is a self-contained air conditioner that
through ducting from a central does not receive hot or cold water from a
heating/cooling station. central plant.
• Components are fan, filter, cooling, and • It is equipped with its own heating and
heating coils and plenum chamber. Normally cooling sources to condition the air and a
these are all housed within a single casing, fan to move the air. A DX coil is always
with the possible exception of the fan. used in these systems for cooling.
• The AHU cooling and heating coils are • The portion that handles air in a packaged
usually serviced with chilled water at around unit is called the air handler.
6-8oC from a refrigeration source, and hot
water or steam from a heating source. • Indoor Packaged units are freestanding and
can be mounted directly in the conditioned
• In small systems (where chilled water is not space with or without ductwork.
economical) the refrigerant is evaporated
and expanded directly inside the coils (DX: • Split Packaged unit consists of two separate
direct expansion) that are used to cool and pieces of equipment, an indoor air handler
dehumidify the air. and an outdoor condensing unit. Indoor air
handlers can be wall or ceiling mounted.

Activity
Which element represent the evaporator unit?

HVAC systems
CENTRAL UNITS

Central Air Handling Units
The central unit type is the most widely used, in one or

other of a number of alternative systems, characterized by
the means provided to meet the varying requirements of
each of the spaces being conditioned. The systems in
general use are as follows:
• Zone control system;

• Double duct system;
• Multi zone systems

Single Zone Air Distribution Systems
• Single zone system is the most popular because of its basic
simplicity. The accommodation is divided into zones, having
different heating requirements.
• Separate air heating and cooling capabilities for each zone are
provided at the central unit only.
• The main problem is to obtain a typical sample of air for

thermostatic control of the heaters and coolers. Temperature of
the air leaving the heater is varied in accordance with the
outside temperature prevailing.
• Individual control by adjusting air flow to individual spaces.

Reduction in flow may cause noise at other outlets. Pressure
sensing actuator valves in the main ducts can help.

Example: Single Zone Air Conditioning System

DOUBLE DUCT AIR
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• In double duct systems, two
separate delivery ducts are run
from the central unit to each of
the air terminals.
• In winter two warm air streams,

of differing temperatures, are
carried to the air terminals, for
individual mixing. The
temperatures of both air
streams are automatically
controlled.
• In summer the air temperature

leaving the cooler is controlled
by a multi-step thermostat in the
recirculating air stream, which
governs the automatic capacity
control of the refrigerating plant,
as with zone control.
• Less pressure fluctuations

const. air flow in cabins and
open areas, complex
commissioning, noise problem
Multizone Air
Distribution
Systems
Multizone central air handling units
provide a supply duct for each zone
and obtain zone control by mixing
hot and cold air at a central unit in
response to room or zone
thermostats.
For a comparable number of zones,

this system provides greater
flexibility than a single duct and
involves lower cost than a dual duct
system, but it is physically limited
by the number of zones that may
be provided for at each central unit.

HVAC systems
PACKAGED UNITS

Package Units
• Package or self contained units are becoming an important part of

the marine HVAC industry. They offer significant size reductions and
cost savings of the equipment and installation.
• Self-contained unit are ideally suited to the engine control rooms of

automated ships. With the additional heat load coming from the
equipment housed within the room, cooling may be required at the
same time as the accommodation requires heat from the central unit
system.
• Self-contained units may be free standing units or they can be of the

split cycle cassette type used in domestic and industrial
applications.

Split Cycle Air Conditioning Systems
Outdoor condenser and compressor

of an industrial split package
cassette system
Outdoor condenser and

compressor of an industrial split
package cassette system unit used
in a fast ferry application.
HVAC systems
AIR TERMINALS (DIFFUSERS)

Air Terminals
The best designed air conditioning system is only as good as the means of
delivering the air to the spaces.
The main function of the air terminal

is to distribute the air uniformly
throughout the spaces without
draughts.
Generally it is found that the ceiling

is the most convenient location for
their terminal,
In large public spaces extended slot

type outlets on the bulkhead, with
near horizontal discharge, are
satisfactory and blend well with
decorative features.

HVAC systems
FAN SELECTION

FANS
Selection is mutually affected by duct system and design. The two main
types of fans are used in HVAC systems
Centrifugal Axial

Centrifugal fans
Backward curved blades Forward curved blades
• All pressure ranges • Low pressure applications

• Motor can handle overloads if • Operation point should be well
operation point is selected at right of max press
max efficiency.

Centrifugal Fans
• Radial blades are not used due to low
efficiency

Axial Flow Fans
• Vane axial fans usually have
blades of airfoil design, which
permits medium to high-
pressure capability at relatively
high efficiency.
• It is a good choice for all low,

medium, and high-pressure
applications used in HVAC
systems in and is particularly
advantageous where straight-
through flow is required.
• The highest pressure

characteristics of the axial
design occurs at medium
volume flow rate.
• The performance curve includes

a break to the left of peak
pressure, which is caused by
dynamic stall.
• Application on this part of the

curve should be avoided.
Axial flow fan and ducting used to ventilate
Dr Walid Amin the car deck of a fast ferry. 3/25/2014
HVAC Systems
FLOW CONTROL DEVICES

Volume Dampers
• are devices used to control or
restrict the airflow in order to
achieve balance in a system
and to control makeup and
exhaust air.
• Dampers may be hand

operated and locked in
position after adjustment or
they may be motor-operated
and controlled by temperature
sensors or by other remote
signals. The damper may be a
single blade on a shaft, or a
multiple blade arrangement
Fire Dampers
• are devices used to close off
individual sections of a building
during a fire. Fire dampers in
HVAC applications are
generally interlocking blade or
expanding curtain type.
• Located in the system where
the duct penetrates a fire zone
division.
• Need to be fire rated same as
division the duct penetrates
and of class approved type.
• Need to assure structural
integrity

activity
• Video fire damper test
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5Vv0Jwe
zB0

Smoke Dampers
• are used for either smoke containment or for smoke control.
• To be fitted where ducts pass through smoke divisions (ex: evacuation
stations and escape routes).
• Fire/smoke dampers are usually used in most locations.
• They are basically the same as volume dampers except that they are
either open or closed and should have proper sealing fittings.
• The dampers are opened and closed by pneumatic or electric
operation.
• Don’t need to meet structural integrity criteria

activity
• Smoke damper test video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FF9oYwRZ
zi8

HVAC systems
AIR DISTRIBUTION

Duct types
Always a trade off between fixed (duct material, fans &
space) and running costs (fan power cost)
Low velocity (0.65-1.23 Pa/m) High velocity(3.3-5.7 Pa/m)
• Larger duct diameters • High fan powers (expensive
• High initial and installation to operate)
cost • Smaller diameters/cross
• Low fan powers (economic sections for same air
operation) quantity
• Design is difficult to reduce
noise and draughts

Duct Material
Air distribution ducts can be constructed from conventional metallic materials

such as galvanised, steel, stainless, steel copper and aluminium or from non-
metallic materials such as fibre glass, plastic and textiles.
Textile Duct Material
Texvent Air Distribution System used in HMS “Monmouth” Type 23 Frigate

Tutorial

Tutorial
Escort/fire fighting Tug 55 t BP
Read the attached information on the vessel. Then:
1. Discuss briefly the type of HVAC system or systems that you
think would be required for this type of vessel.
2. Identify any special needs that the system might be required
to provide.
3. See if you can determine the duty loads of the vessel.
4. Derive a brief technical specification contract item(s) for the
HVAC system on this vessel.

Questions

Week 1-AC Systems

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Maritime Engineering Design

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Courses: Bachelor of Engineering (Marine and Offshore Engineering)

Credit Points: 12.5

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Co-ordinator/ 6324 Thursday

Class Day Time Location Group

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Participation at labs, tutorials and practicals is

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

1 25/27Feb HVAC systems

2 4/6 Mar Air distribution and conditioning

3 11/13 Mar Air distribution and conditioning Assignment 1 release

4 18/20 Mar Piping systems

5 25/27 Mar Piping systems Assignment 1 due 30 March

6 1/3 Apr Engine performance maps. Assignment 2 release

7 8/10 April Propulsor theory Towing tank lab

8 15/17 April Engine-Propulsor matching

18-24 Apr Semester Break Assignment 2 due 26 April

9 29 April / 1 May Cargo systems

10 6/8 May Reliability centred maintenance Assignment 3 Release

11 13/15 May Maintenance of marine systems

Building/repair contracts and tendering in the Assignment 3 due 25 May/Assignment 4

Assessment Task Due Date / Details %

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

• Comfortable conditions depend not only on the temperature and

• Good ventilation is vital to the health and well-being of those on

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

HVAC systems have

• Distribute heat, cooling,

• Deliver the heat, cooling,

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Central Units Packaged units

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

The central unit type is the most widely used, in one or

• Zone control system;

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

• The main problem is to obtain a typical sample of air for

• Individual control by adjusting air flow to individual spaces.

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

• In winter two warm air streams,

• In summer the air temperature

• Less pressure fluctuations

For a comparable number of zones,

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

• Package or self contained units are becoming an important part of

• Self-contained unit are ideally suited to the engine control rooms of

• Self-contained units may be free standing units or they can be of the

Dr Walid Amin 3/25/2014

Outdoor condenser and compressor

Outdoor condenser and