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Correlation of PFRS’s 9, 10, 11, 12, Second key aspect of joint control is that it exists only
when decisions about the relevant activities require
PAS 28
unanimous consent of parties that control the
arrangement collectively. (PFRS 11, part 9)
Where a joint arrangement exists there is no single
party that has control. (PFRS 11, part 10)
Party with joint control of an arrangement can present
any other parties or a group of parties from
controlling the arrangement. (PFRS 11, part 10)
There can be a joint arrangement even though not all
parties have joint control of the arrangement.
(PFRS 11, part 11)
Judgment is needed to assets whether the parties, or a
group of parties, have joint control of the
arrangement, assessment shall be made by
considering all facts and circumstances. (PFRS 11,
part 12)
If facts and circumstances change, an entity shall
reassess whether I has joint control of the
arrangement.
B5- Asset control
B6- Determine if joint control
B8- When the minimum required proportion of the
voting rights can be achieved by more than one
combination of the parties agreeing together, that
arrangement is not a joint arrangement unless
Principles of Investments in Joint stipulated by contractual arrangements
Arrangement B9- Protective rights only and not relevant activities-
Joint Arrangement ~ is an arrangement of which not a party with joint control
two or more parties have joint control (PFRS 11, B10- Arbitration of disputes does not prevent the
part 4) arrangement from being jointly controlled/joint
Arrangement is described as an ACTIVITY or an arrangement
OPERATION or a specific grouping of asset and B11- If arrangement outside PFRS 11, an entity
liabilities, which may or may not form a legal accounts for its interest in accordance with
entity. relevant PFRS such as PFRS 10, 28 or PFRS 9.
Characteristics: (PFRS 11, part 5) Voting Rights
A. Parties are bound by contractual agreement
B2- Contractual agreements can be evidenced in
several ways. An enforceable contractual
arrangement is often, but, not always in writing.
It may be a contracted or documented
discussion between the parties.
B3- When joint arrangements are structured thru a
separate vehicle, the contractual agreement or
some aspects of contractual arrangement, in
some causes is incorporated in the articles,
charters or by-laws of the separate vehicle. *Joint Control ~ the parties collectively control the
B4- Contractual arrangement sets out the terms upon arrangement because they are the only combination of
which the parties participate in the activity that parties that can control and the parties must unanimously
is the subject of the arrangement. agree. In case 3, there is also a joint control because a
B. Contractual Arrangement gives two or more single combination is sufficient to achieve the minimum
parties joint control of the arrangement. proportion or voting rights. (25%>20%)
Joint Control~ is the contractual agreed sharing of
control of an arrangement, which exists only when **No Joint Control ~ multiple combination of parties
decisions about the relevant activities require the could collectively control the arrangement, the
unanimous consent of the parties sharing contractual agreement does not specify which parties
control.(PFRS 11, part 7) must agree, there is no unanimous consent. The
First key aspect of joint control assess whether the arrangement is treated as an ASSOCIATE. (Case 2,
contractual arrangement gives all the parties or a both 25%, case 4, ONLY 70% and there are other
group of parties control the arrangement collectively. parties)
(PFRS 11, part 8)
Contractual Terms In contributing an asset, the operator is as if selling a
proportion of that asset to the other joint operators and
retaining a proportion for itself.
If CA < FV, operator makes a profit.
Profit = FV- CA, of the proportion of the asset sold.
If joint arrangement is a partnership in nature, separate
accounting records do not need to be kept, each joint
operator records all the joint operation transactions in
their own books, whether he is a party to the
transactions or not, joint operators must inform on time
the other operators the transactions made by him.
An account Investment in operation must be
maintained. The following transactions affect the
account:
Subsidiary Control PAS 27: Investments carried at: PFRS 10: Investment is
(51% or 1. Cost eliminated and net assets of Full Consolidation
more) 2. PFRS 9/PAS39 subsidiary are consolidated with
3. Using Equity Method those of the parent
Associate Significant PAS 27: Investments carried at: PAS 28/PFRS 10: Investment is
Influence 1. Cost accounted for using the equity Equity Accounting
(20%-50%) 2. PFRS 9/PAS39 method
3. Using Equity Method
Joint Venture Joint PAS 27: Investments carried at: PAS 28/PFRS 10/PFRS 11:
Control 1. Cost Investment is accounted for using Equity Accounting
(20%-50%) 2. PFRS 9/PAS39 the equity method
3. Using Equity Method
Other Asset held
Investment for PFRS 9 PFRS 9 As for single
accretion company accounts
of wealth