Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
despite of repeated alcohol-related problems. The signs of alcoholism and alcohol abuse
are as very similar and are often just a question of degree or intensity. Typically the last
person to be aware that he/she has serious drinking problems is the alcoholic
himself/herself – they are in denial. Some sign and symptoms of alcoholism as well as
alcoholic abuse include, drinking alone, not being able to limit how much alcohol
consumed, dropping hobbies and activities of the person used to enjoy; losing interest in
them, feeling an urge to drink, having relationship problems with the law, having money
problems, and requiring a large quantity of alcohol to feel its effect (videbeck, 2007).
Alcohol is one of the most widely used drug substances in the world. Mostly
people drink a small or moderate amount of alcohol to make them relax and enhance their
social activities. Using alcohol in this way is not harmful for most adult. However,
people, whose use of alcohol has negative effects on any aspects of their lives, including
health, relationship, work, study are considered to have an alcohol problem. This problem
can range from mild to severe. The severity of an alcohol problem defends on the factors
including the type of alcohol you drink, how much you drink and how long you have
in fermented or distilled liquor. Alcohol is one of the large groups of sedatives, drugs
which include barbiturates, bromides and chloroform. A seductive drug is one that causes
sleep when used in large enough quantities. Alcohol was one of the earliest sedative
drugs used.
Doctors are not sure why people become alcoholism. These do not seem to be
particular type of personality likely to become an alcohol. Alcoholism may affect men
and women, the old and young, the rich and the poor (Grolier, 2000).
Alcohol use and binge among our nation’s youth is a major public problem.
Nowadays, college students are consuming alcohol at increasing rates where the college
students who appear to be a particularly high risk is one of the public health concern in
terms of their alcohol consumption and its associated risk behaviors. Studies from
different parts of the world have shown that college students have a high prevalence of
alcohol drinking and alcohol-use disorders, than the college youth. This could be
which they are away from home, family and longstanding friendship, in addition to the
college setting being a unique environment to with a large proportion of young people are
exposed. Aside from health risk, college students who drink too much alcohol may also
be damaging their academic performance. There are already many lifestyle and other
variables which may related to academic performance. Alcohol use is only part of the
picture. Interestingly, estimates of hours spent in private study were only marginally
composition of alcohol affects almost all body cells, and in high concentrations can lead
to coma or death. Among the most common effects, often stated are: impairments of the
immune system, frequent infections, high blood pressure, heart rhythm disorders,
cirrhosis and other impairments of the liver, and malnutrition (5). Alcoholism is also
shown to be related to increased mortality, and the most frequently stated causes are acci-
dents, injuries, poisonings, and diseases of the cardiovascular system, lung tuberculosis,
liver cirrhosis, malignant diseases and suicide (6). Alcohol consumption in pregnant
women may cause severe impairments in children, the most severe being fetal alcohol
most cause of severe disorders, is characterized by behavioral and other responses that
experience its psychic effect, and sometimes avoid discomfort of its absence. Alcohol
awareness that drinking creating problems in the person’s life and rapid return to
It is essential that research into a better treatments methods and more significance,
into method of prevention be continued. Only in this way can progress be made in
dealing with vices. It is significant to learn more about why people drinking, what effect
of drinking to the health of a person, the most effective ways to prevent youth from
starting and how to health adult to stop and to avoid the above mentioned disadvantages
This study aimed to determine the extent to which alcoholism can affect the
2.3 How much do you typically pay for one alcoholic drink?
2.7 How would you best describe yourself in terms of your current use of
alcohol?
2. What is the level of academic performance as determined by the General Weight
4. Is there a significant relationship between the drinking habits and their profile
varieties?
5. Is there a significant difference in profile varieties with the extent of drinking alcohol?
Hypothesis
2. There is no significant relationship between the drinking habits and their profile.
Theoretical Framework
The researchers will use the Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura (1993:66
– 70) stating “that people learned through observing other’s behavior and most human
behavior is learned observationally through modeling from observing others, from forms
of an ideas how new behavior are performed and from this coded information serves as
guides for action”. This social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of
influences (1993:69).
Bandura further believes in reciprocal determinism, that, it isthe world and the
person’s behavior cause each other, while behaviorism essentially states that one’s
three (3) components: the environment, the behavior and one’s psychological process
(1993:70)
In this theory, it is assumed that the students’ cognitive development results from
a behavioral process (Eynsenk; 120-122) whereby a student learns how to drink alcohol
through the influences with someone else usually the parents, friends, neighborhood
and peers.
Finally, this study shows that actions of the community level to change these
constructs results in less drinking among teens. The community level appears to have
success in changing the environment and expectances to alcohol use by reducing teen’s
access to alcohol.
gained and maintained by the use of alcohol. The “alcohol” meaning the people, place,
and things associated with using alcohol-promote continued used; because they are
associated with the feelings that produced by the alcohol use (Skinner et al., 2003).
Classic theory states that if substance use disorders could be definitely explained
by one compact theory; effective prevention and treatment efforts would be much
easier to develop and implement. Until recently, most research have centered
When individuals have disease, they are not blamed for having it; they are however,
held responsible for participating in the management of their disease for optimum
The advances gained in neurobiology and genetics over the past decade in no way
diminish the interactive nature of social environmental factors in the genesis and
expand knowledge of the relationship between human organisms, social systems, and
environmental influences. Although factors such as prior arrest, school expulsion and
drunkenness predicted drug use. The risk for relapse and thus dependence was most
associated with being older with alcohol parents who had been involved in criminal
Young people came to campus with demographic, family and drinking histories
that influence their drinking in college. For example, one out of every ten college
students reports growing up with a problem drinking parental once in college this
young people either abstain from alcohol or greater than expected rates or
disproportionately engage I binge drinking and abuse alcohol (Weitzman and Wechsler,
2000).
Teen’s brains and bodies are still developing; alcohol use can cause learning
problem and can lead to adult alcoholism. People who begin drinking alcohol by age 15
are five times likely to abuse and become dependent on alcohol than those who begin
Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. As what can be seen, at the base
of the diagram or Para diagram, it is in the first box, the location of the study, which is
Samar State University, Catbalogan City, respondents of the study. The box of the right
part of the paradigm contains the drinking habits of the respondents. The other box at the
left side also contains of the students profile in terms of their sex and age, year level, and
family monthly income. The next box contains the academic performance of the
respondents towards their study in terms of their general weight average for the first
semester. The next upper box contains the analysis, interpretation and the
recommendation of the study and lastly, the box on top is the improved academic
performance.
Students. The result of the study would aide them to increase their awareness
about alcohol drinking and alcohol-related issues so that at the early stage of life they
would develop desirable habit and value toward a better and quality of life.
Parents. This study would serve as an “eye-opener” to them, enabling there to see
the real scenario of the health nutrition factor of their students. They should know
important factors that will help their students towards the effect of the alcoholism in the
academic performance of the students. In order for them to realize the important facts that
may help their children abstain from such activities. Moreover, this will encourage them
to work hand in hand with their children to enhance harmonious relationship between
Teachers. They would be guided to know their student better with this study.
relation to their effort to establish their capacity to become good contributors of society’s
development.
alcoholic drinking. Such information would help them to make action that will best
increase awareness of the students to such activities and address this action to
adolescents, and work toward a common good for the improvement of the living
Community. This study would enjoin everybody to minimize, if not, stop the
occurrence of alcohol drinking. The result would help the community to establish (non-
discriminatory) the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages, so that the latter can be
assisted and properly evaluated themselves and look at other productive physically
Future researchers. The findings of this study would prove other researchers
The focus of this study is the relationship between the alcoholism and effect of the
This study involved the college students included the age, sex, year level and
Samar State University, Catbalogan City year 2014-2015, because the researchers wanted
to find out what is the effect of alcoholism towards the academic performance of the
respondents and how to prevent from it, and the researchers also wanted to find out the
Definition of Terms
In order to give a common definition, the following terms were defined. To provide
in which student, teacher or institution has achieved their education goal and it is
element in fermented or distilled liquor. This study, the term alcohol refers to the
beverages which can alter the mood and attitudes of the respondents (Grolier, 2000).
Alcoholism. Is a broad terms for public with alcohol, and is generally used in mean
considered a disease, especially and addictive illness (the new international Webster
consume alcohol repeatedly that interferes with their behavior and academic
performance.
Performance. This term refers to the acts of taking action in a accordance with the
requirements of the job. In this study it refers to the performance of the respondents in
Engineering Students. This term refers to the person engage in the study and who
attends a school. In this study, the term is used to address the respondents.
Chapter 2
Related Literature
childhood and teen years. It is impacted by the parent’s attitude and behavior towards
Experimentation with alcohol during the teen years is common. Some reason that
teen used alcohol are curiosity, to feel good, reduce stress, and relax and to fit in from a
very young age, Kids see advertising messages showing beautiful people enjoying life
and alcohol. And because many parent and other adults use alcohol socially-having beer
or wine with dinner, for example, alcohol seems harmless to many teens (Mosky and
Hobey, 2008).
The world health organization (2011) estimates that approximately four and a half
percent of the global burden of disease and injury is attributes to alcohol.” Alcohol
consumption is estimated to cause from 20% to 50% of cirrhosis of the liver, epilepsy,
Moreover, college is often seen as time for individual to find out their identity as a
person. For many people, its chance to truly explore their surrounding without the
constricting binds they may feel from their caregivers during this period, people try to
new things and exhibits behavior that would most likely not occur under other
circumstances. For instance many people will never again get the chance to live in a
residence hall setting, where they are such proximity to other people. But with the
atmosphere of college being so unlike any other, it is easy to get carried away (Pledger
There are several factors that contribute to alcoholism. The primary psychosocial
factors liked to college drinking in the literature, beginning with internal factors, leading
variables,
which are parental lifestyles, peer influence, parental attachment, and commitment to
conventional activities among others. Indeed, each of these factors exerts tremendous
influence on students’ frequency of substance use and abuse. Families in which children
have a cordial relationship with their parents, parental control efforts are effective means
relationship goes hand in hand with parenting Parents who adequately control and
supervise their adolescents may prevent them from starting to drink early in life. When
children are also highly attached to their parents, the attachment relationship might
assumed that the expected association between parental control and an early development
Male students spent more hours during the last (most recent) drinking occasion than
females, and consumed more alcoholic drinks at that occasion [Table 1]. Most students
(74%) consumed alcohol at least once week, and only 3% reported no alcohol
consumption. Males consumed alcohol more often than females (P < 0.04). Half the
sample (54%) testified heavy episodic drinking (≥5 drinks in a row) at least three times
during the last month, and only 20% of respondents reported no heavy episodic drinking.
The frequency of heavy episodic drinking was significantly higher among males than
females (P < 0.001). About 31% of the sample reported two or three affirmative answers
in CAGE suggesting problem drinking, while 2.4% indicated four positive responses
(serious suspicion of alcohol dependence). Again, males had more positive answers in
The positive relationship between income and alcohol use has been explained by
the availability of different levels of disposable income to purchase alcohol used across
income groups. An alternate explanation for this finding is that among higher income
individual, job and socially related networking may be more likely to involve social
drinking. The negative relationship between income and alcohol used, in contrast, may be
stressors (as would expected at lower levels of income) use alcohol as a ways to relieve
Related Study
According to studies in the USA, men drink twice as much (21%) as women
(10%) (16)Dawson and Archer (17) found a ten-fold difference between men (13.63%)
and women (1.33%) and in a study by Emslie et al. (18) a significantly higher prevalence
of alcohol drinking was observed in men than in women. In Croatia, 81.3% of men and
51.2% of women are the drinking population (19). Alcoholism is somewhat more
frequent in those of middle age, lower income and lower education. As to educational
level, a great difference has been observed between rural and urban areas: in urban areas,
alcoholism is more prevalent in persons with higher educational level, whereas in rural
areas it is associated with those with lower education (20). The drinking image has been
changing worldwide – with growing numbers of women and younger people as drinkers
nowadays.
According to the NIH Senior Health Alcohol affects men and women differently.
In general, older men are more likely to drink alcohol compared with older women. But
women of all ages are often more sensitive than men to the effects of alcohol. Women's
bodies tend to break alcohol down more slowly. Also, women have less water in their
bodies than men, so alcohol becomes more concentrated. As a result, women may
become more impaired than men after drinking the same amount. That is why the
Drinking for a long time is more likely to damage a woman's health than a man's
health. Research suggests that as little as one drink per day can slightly raise the risk of
breast cancers in some women, especially those who have been through menopause or
have a family history of cancer. But it is not possible to predict how alcohol will affect
Many people enjoy a drink without any problems, but binge drinking or drinking
heavily over longer periods of time can have very serious consequences. Alcohol misuse
not only harms the individual, but damages relationships and society in general in terms
since 1994. The most recent figures show: there were 270 deaths recorded as alcohol-
related in 2012. There were more than 11,500 alcohol-related admissions to hospitals in
2009/10.
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
correlation analysis among variants. In particular, the research examined the correlation
Engineering. The main instrument used in gathering pertinent data is the questionnaire
and supplemented observation to verify and clarify information that had been given by
The data will be gathered through questionnaire that will be formulated by the
interview being ask to the students’ – respondents. It will also be supplemented with
documentary analysis, and direct observations to crosscheck and verify the information.
students in Samar State University, Catbalogan City, and School Year 2014-2015.
The statistical measures that were used in this study were the frequency counts,
The principal instrument that will use in this study is the questionnaire.
elicited information on the profile of college student-respondents such as age and sex,
year level, and family monthly income. Part II is pertaining to the drinking habits of the
respondents such as Kinds of liquors; Number of bottles consumed (per week); How
much do you typically pay for one alcoholic drink?; Where do you usually drink?; What
time do you usually drink?; What is the reason why are you drinking?; How would you
best describe yourself in terms of your current use of alcohol? Part III is pertaining to the
investigate the total enumeration of the Bachelor of Science of Civil Engineering students
in Samar State University. The documents that the researchers will go to analyze are the
official list of the Bachelor of Science of Civil Engineering students of Samar State
University.
After the approval of the final draft of the interview guide questionnaire, and after
seeking the permission of the Dean of the College of Engineering, the researchers then
will administer the questionnaire to the respondents for the collection of the data.
Statistical tools used
The data that will gathered from the respondents will be tallied, analyzed,
interpreted, tabulated, and subjected to descriptive statistics. The statistical tools that will
use in this study are the frequency counts, mean, weighted mean, Fishers’t – test, t- test
and ANOVA.
To describe the data on the profile of the Students’ – respondents and their
drinking habits that can be found in question number one (1) and question number three
To answer the question number two, four and five (2,4,5) the researchers will be
using the weighted mean. For the computation of weighted mean, the formula that was
found in the book of fegerson and Takane (1989:54) will be use. The formula is:
X = Σf1x1
Where:
For the interpretation of the weighted mean, the information below was adopted:
To answer the question number Six (6) the researchers will utilize the F – test or
the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The researchers use the Two – way ANOVA
because this is use when comparing the mean of two or more independent groups or
Finally, the 0.05 level of significance will be used as alpha (a) error in all cases of
hypothesis.
THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOLISM TOWARDS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS OF SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
________________________________________________
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The faculty of the College of Education
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY
Catbalogan City
________________________________________________
In partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
__________________________________________________
March 2014
A. BOOKS
Becker, M.H. The health Belief Model and Personal Health Behavior.Health
Education Monographs.Vol. 2 No. 4.
George, Boeree C. Social Learning Theory, 1st edition; 998, Kansas USA
Rotter, J.B. (1954).Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. New York: Prentice-
Hall.
Wohlfarth T, Van den Brink W. Social class and substance use disorder: the value of
class as distinct from socioeconomic status. Soc Sci. Med 1998:47:51-8.
B. JOURNAL / PERIODICALS
Caron, S., Moskey, E., & Hovey, C. (2004).Journal of alcohol and Drug Education,
47, 51-66. Retrieved September 16, 2008
Downs, W.R. (1995). A Panel Study of Normative Structure, Adolescent Alcohol Use
and Peer Alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, pp. 167-174.
Der Vorst, H. V., et al.,(2006) Parental Attachment, Parental Control, and Early
Development of Alcohol Use: A Longitudinal Study. Psychology of Addictive
C. UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS
Strecker, G. (1991). Factors Associated with attitude towards alcohol use among
students.Unpublished master’s thesis. Fort Hays state university. Hays, KS.
D. ELECTRONICS SOURCE
nihseniorhealth.gov/alcoholuse/howalcoholaffectsthebody/01.html
http://www.knowyourlimits.info/know%E2%80%A6-effects-
alcohol#sthash.c8Zqo06b.dpuf
The Effect of Alcoholism towards Academic Performance of Civil
Direction: The following questionnaire asks you about your personal information. Please
answer the following questions by putting a check (/) mark in the parenthesis or
8. How would you best describe yourself in terms of your current use of alcohol?
( ) Non-drinker
( ) Abstainer
( ) Abstainer — former problem drinker in recovery
( ) infrequent drinker
( ) Light drinker
( ) Moderate drinker
( ) Heavy drinker
( ) Problem drinker
( ) 0thers, please specify_________________________________