Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SIVAPIRAKASAM
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Trichy
LOOK AT THE MAN CROSSING THE ROAD!
ACCIDENT
AS PER IS 3786/1966
UNSAFE CONDITION-10%
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT-2%
Unsafe condition
Unsafe condition is one in which the tools,
work environment and machine is in full of
hazards leading to accidents .
Example
•Oily floor
•work platform without hand rail
•Unguarded machinery
UNSAFE ACT
Unsafe act is the violation to commonly
accepted safe work practices i.e breaking
of safety rules.
Example
•Smoking in flammable area,
•Over speed - rash driving?
•Tampering with safety device
•Not using PPE
•Unauthorized working
It is comparatively easy to eliminate unsafe conditions. But it
is difficult to control unsafe acts, for, this involves people. A
large number of unsafe acts are due to:
1. Ignorance of a hazard
4. Wrong attitudes
Safety Education
These include:
Case study
A man walking under a suspended load. No Safety
device can stop him from doing it. He must stop
himself. This is true also about reaching into a
running machine. No written Rule or Safety Switch
can prevent a person from putting his hand into the
machine before it has come to a standstill.
Foundation of a major injury:
In the year 1939, Heinrich analysis proves that, in the average case,
for every mishap resulting in an injury, there are many other similar
accidents that cause no injuries whatsoever.
- H. W. Heinrich (1928)
Foundation of a major injury:
Then, Frank Bird, in the year 1966, and James Tye & Peterson, in
the Year 1974, analysed the accidents. Their findings are given
below:
MINOR ACCIDENTS:
MAJOR ACCIDENT
- H. W. Heinrich
Philosophy of Accident Prevention (Contd…)
medical expenses
compensation to the worker
time lost by employees
reduction in productivity
TO THE MANAGEMENT
Indirect cost
production delay
loss of morale
cost of training another employee
repair cost
loss of prestige
Accident Causation Models
1. Domino Theory
2. Revised Domino Theory
3. Energy Release Model
4. Accident Proneness
5. Epidemiological Model
6. Multilinear Sequencing
7. Ergonomic Models
8. Swiss Cheese Model
9. Universal Model
Domino
Theory
Revised Domino
Theory
Energy Release Model
1. Informally devised and used by the
Engineering Profession
2. Identified the Loss Incident as the
point where energy was released or
transformed.
3. Failed to address health hazard
exposures
4. Valid but incomplete
5. Limited applicability
for management
Accident Proneness Model
1.Devised and kept alive by Psychologists
2.PART OF BODY
HEAD,EYES,BODY,HANDS,LEGS,ETC
3.TYPE OF ACCIDENT
STRUCKBY, STRUCK WITH, FALL OF PERSON, FALL OF OBJECT, CONTACT
WITH ,ETC
4.AGENCY OF ACCIDENT
CHEMICALS,MACHINES, TOOLS,EQMTS, FLOOR,AREA ETC
ACCIDENT REPORTING
SN TYPE OF FORM USED PERIOD SEND
O ACCIDENT TO
•EDUCATION &TRAINING
• 1.BASIC TRAINING
• 2.SPECIAL TRAINING
• 3.REFRESHER TRAINING
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
METHODS- 4 ES
•ENTHUSIASM&ENCOURAGEME
NT
• 1.SAFETY AWARD SCHEME
• 2.SAFETY INCENTIVE
• 3.SAFETY COMPETITION
• 4.RISK ALLOWANCES
•ENFORCEMENT & DISCIPLINE
• 1.PUNISHMENT
• 2.MEMO & CHARGE SHEET
• 3.WARNING LETTERS
FACTORS INFLUENCING
SAFETY AT WORK-PLACES
– Material Factors
– Policies & Practices
– Safety Related Conditions
– Behavioural & Attitudinal
– Level of Concern for Safety & Welfare
– Others
FACTORS INFLUENCING SAFETY AT WORK-PLACES
• Material Factors:
•Plant Design
•Production Equipment
•PPE
• Others
• Age
• Experience
• Qualification
• Job Category
Measures for Safety in an Organization
• Management Commitment To Safety
• Safety Communication
• Safety Training
• Safety Promotion Policies
• Safety Rules & Procedures
• Workers’ Involvement
• Work Environment
• Safety Knowledge
• Safety Attitude
• Safety Priority Over Production
• Safety Compliance
• Safety Participation
• Emergency Preparedness
HOUSE KEEPING
• A place for everything and everything in
its proper place
• House keeping day
• Daily cleaning after the work
• Protruding nails
• obstruction,
• Lighting
• approaches
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
• Safety belt
• Hard hat
• Safety shoes
• Gum boots
• Goggles and gloves
• Ear protection
And
• Respiratory protective equipment
RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
• SCBA
• Dust mask
• Canister mask
• Air line apparatus
Successful accident
prevention program
• Depends on
– Leadership by the employer
– Safe and healthy working conditions
– Safe work practices by employees - sop
Thank you