Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PROJECT ON
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SUBMITTED To SUBMITTED BY
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am grateful to those who have helped me in compiling the
matter for this project. While I take this opportunity to thank all
of them-they are too numerous to be mentioned in this brief
preface.
I would like to acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude to
Mrs. R.Hemalatha (Faculty , RBS Delhi) for her valuable help
at all stage.
Lastly no words can adequately express my dept e.g. gratitude to
my all faculty members of RBS DELHI and I also thanks my
friends for their support.
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TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN
I wish him all the very best in all his future endeavors.
Mrs.R.Hemalatha.
FACULTY GUIDE
INDEX
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2. SWOT ANALYSIS OF AIR INDIA
9. BIBLOGRAPHY
AIR INDIA
In 1946, at the conclusion of World War II, the airline became a public company
and was renamed Air-India Limited. In just two years, with the government having
a 49 percent share in the company, the airline was flying further outside of India,
with regular flights to Cairo, Geneva, and London. The line's name changed again
to reflect its new scope of operations, becoming Air-India International Limited.
India enjoyed more success in the airline industry than most other developing
countries for a number of reasons. Whereas others had to rely on foreign pilots to
fly their planes, Air-India used mostly native-born pilots. Similarly, skilled Indians
were plentiful enough to maintain India's fleet as well as to train and supervise its
personnel; many other countries had to go outside for this kind of expertise. Air-
India benefited from these advantages along with its sister carriers.
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Air-India first encountered competition for its routes in the early 1950s. Many new
airlines were forming, propelled into business by the availability of inexpensive,
war-surplus DC-3s. No fewer than 21 airlines had been established, with 11 of
them licensed to fly the skies of India. A 1985 article in the Economist cited Tata's
foresight of what this plethora of airlines could lead to: "The scene was well and
truly set for the ultimate debacle."
To prevent that debacle from occurring, the Indian government in 1953 took
control of all of the airlines within its borders. Along with the nationalization the
government created two corporations. Indian Airlines Corporation, which merged
Air-India Limited with six smaller lines, served the country's domestic travel needs.
Air-India International Corporation flew routes overseas. By 1960 the international
airline had routes to Singapore, Sydney, Moscow, and New York. By 1962, when
the name was shortened to Air-India, it had become the world's first all-jet airline.
Beginning in the 1970s, however, Air-India saw difficult times. It suffered a net
loss in three of the years between 1976 and 1985. The downturn in the world
economy had a significant effect on air travel throughout the world, and India was
no exception. In addition, the government kept a number of unprofitable routes
open simply for prestige purposes--a strictly commercial airline may have closed
those routes. Its flights to New York, for example, resulted in losses for a number
of years, even though many of those flights were full. At one point an airline
official estimated that only about ten percent of Air-India's passengers to New York
were business travelers who would buy the more expensive seats. Flights to Canada
were even less profitable, flying at around 55 percent of capacity. Another factor in
the airline's financial problems was that, to compete for American and European
travelers with American and European airlines, Air-India had to discount many of
its fares. In addition, the airline depended heavily on local citizens--"ethnic
traffic"--which generally meant lower fares.
The routes that had proven to be most profitable for Air-India had been those to the
oil-producing nations. Flights to the Persian Gulf accounted for 35 to 40 percent of
Air-India's traffic in the mid-1980s. Working with Gulf Air, Air-India operated 60
flights each week between the Gulf and India. But even these routes saw profits
fall, as revenue in the gulf states declined. Another problem was the shortage of
tourists traveling to India. Communal violence and the assassination of Indian
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984 kept tourism down. In addition, to combat
the terrorism that was becoming a major problem at many of the world's airports,
the government imposed heavy restrictions at airports, giving tourists another
reason to stay away.
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The darkest note in Air-India's history was the tragedy that took place in June 1985
when one of its 747s, on a flight from Toronto to Bombay, crashed to the sea with
329 passengers aboard. A Canadian Safety Board Report, addressing an inquiry by
Indian High Court Judge Bhupinder Nath Kirpal, concluded that an explosive
device was the probable cause of the crash. The board reported that an X-ray
machine at Pearson International Airport in Toronto broke down before all the
luggage had been checked. Nonetheless, the effect on the reputation of Air-India
was severe.
Air-India lost $171 million in the three years beginning with 1994-95. The airline
gained a reputation for poor service and poor on-time performance. The company
initiated a generous incentive program to motivate employees, which proved
successful. In addition, a computerized flight system and updated lounges and
cabin interiors were added to update the company's image among customers.
Management cut fares drastically and provided two-for-one discounts.
In the summer of 1997 the carrier negotiated code-sharing deals with Air France
and Singapore Airlines. Streamlining the carrier's route network became an
ongoing process. In fact, Air-India was notorious for constantly adding and
dropping routes. Its network dropped Canada, Australia, and South Africa in an
attempt to cut losses.
Air-India sought to offer its $150 million annual North American income streams
as debt securities, pending the approval of a hesitant Indian government. The
company also planned to raise cash (it already had reserves of more than $110
million) by selling its Hotel Corporation of India subsidiary, worth at least $220
million, as well as some older Boeing 747-200s, valued at $60 million.
Still, the company owed $900 million on new aircraft purchases. In spite of this
impressive sum, Air-India found itself chronically short of medium-sized long haul
aircraft, reported Air Transport World. Most of its planes were too large to be
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profitable on their particular routes, a liability previously covered by an especially
profitable Persian Gulf market.
It was later announced that these results had been overly optimistic; the $10 million
profit was in fact a $10 million loss. Managing Director Michael Mascrenhas
announced the news after taking over from Brijesh Kumar, whose two-year term
had just expired. Mascrenhas colored the news in the best possible light, noting in
Air Transport World that Air-India had lost money only "six times in the last 43
years."
A planned merger between Air-India and Indian Airlines was canceled in spring
1998. Nevertheless, closer ties between the two carriers remained after the aborted
deal. As Air-India cut routes, it maintained code-sharing deals with Air France,
SAS, Singapore Airlines, and Austrian Airlines. Still, market share fell from 35
percent to 20 percent in 1997-98.
Reducing its annual payroll costs of $40 million was a top priority for Air-India,
which had not found sufficient productivity increases to match its generous
incentive programs. Air Transport World reported that Mascrenhas trimmed $23
million in other areas.
In spite of these savings, Mascrenhas predicted Air-India would not pull out of the
red for another two years after projecting a 1997-98 loss of $44 million. To raise
desperately needed cash, the airline offered its hotels and two 747 airliners for sale.
As the carrier planned for its $150 US/Canada security issue, the Indian
government also was considering a rescue plan.
Incorporation
Subsidiary Companies
Air India has the following Subsidiary Companies with an Authorized / Paid-up
Capital (in Rs. Crores) as under Authorised Paid-up.
Subsidiary Companies
Under Disinvestment
Aircraft Total
Airbus A 310 8
Airbus A 319 15
Airbus A 320 43
Airbus A 321 12
Airbus A 330 2
Boeing 737-800 22
Boeing 747 6
Boeing 737 5
Boeing 777 14
Airbus A 310 Freighters 4
Boeing 737 Freighters 6
ATR* 7
CRJ 700 3
Total 147
Corporate Vision
Vision
To be among top five Asian airlines in terms of Yield, Profitability,
Productivity, Size and Quality
Mission
Focus on customer satisfaction.
Grow with emphasis on sustained profitability.
Provide exciting and satisfying work environment to retain and develop
employees committed to Corporate Vision.
Focus on social responsibility – environment & community.
Objectives
Achieve unit revenue, unit cost, profitability, productivity and service level
targets, based on benchmarked parameters.
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Swot analysis of Air India.
Strengths of AIR INDIA
Air India has been the largest air carrier in India in terms of traffic volume and
company assets.
• It owns the most updated fleet and competent repairs and maintenance expertise.
• Its information systems are advanced and compatible with its operation and
service.
Air India is operating across broad international and domestic markets competing
with world leading giant airlines as well as local small operators. This lack of
clarity on the strategic direction largely dilutes its capabilities and confuses its
brand within markets.
• The airline’s high-cost structure and the compulsions of being a public sector
unit are the reasons and it had been making a loss and shall continue to make losses
for some more quarters.
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• India airline industry is growing faster and will continue to grow as the GDP
increases, and the trend is predicted to continue once the slowdown recedes.
• Worldwide deregulations make the skies more accessible; the route agreement is
easier to be achieved. The number of foreign visitors and investors to India is
increasing rapidly.
• Complementary industry like tourism will increase demand for airline service.
The Civil Aviation Ministry’s strong regulation and protection provides
opportunities for consolidation and optimization.
• Air India faces imminent aggressive competition from world leading airlines and
price wars triggered by domestic players.
• The Indian Railway Ministry has dramatically improved speed and services in
their medium/long distant routes, attracting passengers away from air service, with
prices almost at par with the low cost carriers
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The losses really began from 2006 onwards when a decision to aggressively lease
aircraft was taken to augment market share without conducting proper route study,
marketing or pricing strategy. The upshot—in the last two years, from 2007 to
2009, AI kept five Boeing 777s and five Boeing 737s on ground at a loss of Rs 840
cr. Luckily for AI, Boeing could not meet the delivery schedules for its new B787
Dreamliners. If these aircraft had arrived on time, all of them would have been on
the ground. Adding to the crisis, the merger between AI and Indian Airlines proved
to be disastrous. Instead of resuscitating AI, the government has diverted funds to
the next-to-impossible task of resolving the staggering mismatch between the two
airlines in respect of the nature of operations, functions, roles, structures, cultures,
pay scales, perks, and so on, with no synergy and economies of scale in sight.
Sadly, even two years after the merger, the two parts of the merged airline do not
have an integrated IT system.
Besides these, the blame for the mess the airline finds itself in also rests squarely
with the government. Constant bureaucratic interference in its functioning, a huge
and unacceptable level of workforce, gross indecision in allowing fleet acquisition,
growing inefficiencies, and competition from domestic private and foreign airlines
ate into AI's market share. Aviation is a capital-intensive and high fixed cost
business, which makes it much more vulnerable to business cycles; and it has also
been severely battered by the current slowdown. The problem is clearly beyond
cosmetic surgery such as forcing government employees to fly AI. AIR INDIA is
now competing against more credible low cost carriers such as Spice jet, Go air,
Indigo Airline, and Jetlite etc. Indigo Airlines remains Air India strongest
competitor because of its competitive cost structure, strong brand name and
ambitious growth plans over the next seven years. Air India also faces increased
competition from Air Deccan low-fares subsidiary, Song. Moreover, major legacy
airlines have been focusing on restructuring costs, which has improved their
competitiveness. With costs restructured, the legacy airlines are becoming more
formidable competitors in terms of increasing capacity, matching prices and
leveraging their frequent flier programs. Increasing competition could adversely
affect the company’s margins.
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Various measures were initiated in order to bring a turn around in the Company's
performance. These measures mainly focussed on a reduction of the cost platform
and the enhancement of revenue The measures were:-
- Secondary market were served by Joint Ventures and Code Share arrangements
on 11 destinations;
- Allocation of Cargo space based on higher revenue cargo uplifts and a preference
for cargo carriage to on-line stations to reduce revenue losses through interlining;
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MARKETING STRATEGIES OF AIR INDIA.
A Multi-pronged approach.
Capacity & Network Expansion – to increase market share & garner competitive
strength.
Achieve dominance in core markets (USA/UK/Gulf/SEA).
Increase market access through strategic alliances.
Product Up gradation:
Product Upgradation.
Other Benefits
Better Aircraft utilization
Lower Fuel Consumption
LowerMaintenance Expenditure.
Operations Improvement
Increased manpower productivity
Ground Handling
– Information Technology
– Security
– Cargo
Technology Upgradation – IT Projects
Revenue Management – PROS implemented
Ticketing Time-Limit software implemented
Direct connect with GDS’s
Integrated computerization system forMMD
Disposal of surplus/redundant inventory
Implementation of Unit Load Device management system
Disaster recovery site at remote location
Air India Express IT Infrastructure
DataMart for CRS sales data
Ramp Assistance Billing System for GSD/Finance
Strategic Relationships
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– Additional frequencies
– AI : 22 (18 via Frankfurt to USA) - LH: 15
• LH to provide AI commercially viable slots at Frankfurt
• 19 slot pairs provided till winter 2004 (in exchange for 4 additional frequencies)
• Reciprocal World-wide Free Flow Code Share & FFP Cooperation under
implementation
• Special Prorate Agreement implemented in November 2003
• Cooperation in IT/MRO/Cargo being pursued
• Air India developing relationship with other Star Alliance partners –
United Airlines & Air Canada.
Joint Marketing
Special Prorate Agreement
Reciprocal code share
FFP cooperation.
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WOMEN'S WELFARE: A Women's Cell has been functioning at Mumbai
and Delhi from September 1, 1993 in accordance with Government
guidelines.
The Government of India, on 1 March 2007, approved the merger of Air India and
Indian Airlines. Consequent to the above, a new Company viz National Aviation
Company of India Limited (NACIL) was incorporated under the Companies Act,
1956 on 30 March 2007 with its Registered Office at Airlines House, 113
Gurudwara Rakabganj Road, New Delhi. The Certificate to Commence Business
was obtained on 14 May 2007. Presently, the Board of NACIL consists of:
Shri Raghu Menon, Addl Secretary & Financial Advisor, Ministry of Civil
Aviation.
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submissions of objections was fixed on 8 August 2007 and the Order Ministry of
Corporate Affairs is awaited.
The Authorized and Paid-Up Share Capital of the merged entity will be
Rs.1500,05,00,000/- and Rs.145,00,00,000/-, respectively. It has been decided that
post merger, the new entity will be known as “Air India” while “Maharaja” will be
retained as its mascot. The logo of the new airline will be a red coloured flying
swan with the “Konark Chakra” in orange placed inside it. The flying swan has
been morphed from Air India’s characteristic logo “The Centaur” whereas the
“Konark Chakra” was reminiscent of Indian’s logo. The Corporate Office of
NACIL will be at Mumbai. The Government has approved the appointment of Shri
V Thulasidas and Dr V Trivedi as Chairman & Managing Director and Joint
Managing Director, respectively, of the merged entity, with effect from the date of
merger..
Awards and Recognitions
• Air India was conferred the ‘Best West Bound Airline from India’ award at
the Galileo Express Travel and Tourism awards 2005 function held in
Mumbai on 7 December 2005.
• ‘Reader’s Digest Trusted Brand Gold’ Award was presented to Air India at a
function held in Mumbai on 18 May 2006.
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1,000 non-operational staff could take a sabbatical of between two and five
years.
• On January 1 this year, Air India had circulated a 25-point circular to senior
officers on various cost-saving measures. They include payment of fuel
reimbursement strictly through vouchers, abolition of children’s education
allowance to officers posted abroad, reducing the cost of residential
furnishing for EDs and GMs, and restricting foreign travel.
BIBLOGRPHY
www.airindia.co.in
www.wikipedia.org
http://search.ebscohost.com
Business India
Economics Times
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