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CASE ap DY RESEARCS earl aa mW 5S Jee BCR) PRK RF B38 mK BAe Ee atkht ki Si TDG Je Ma Wit AE RRA RG ERT ER ANT EKS BES BERK, WA SRO. AA WE—-KCBRRHHAAER, REM ATI 88 ZH HK HH HEHE. A TS EOS FAD Ms ih Be LE Hee fo) SE, ik AG fn) RE ER A A Et “KPTURGH LHLAEBREE) ZROAR AT. A ati BE mR HS th EWR BHF Da A HE AT BR FS. ISBN 7-5626-3266-X | ISBN 7-5624-3266-X 9978 7562°432661 > = th: 15.007 Authorized translation from the English language edition, entitled CASE STUDY RE SEARCH: DESIGN AND METHODS, 3rd edition by Robert K. Yin, published by Sage Publicetions, Ine. 5 Copyright 2003 by Sage Publications, Ine, Alll rights reserved, No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or micchanical. including photocopying. recording. or by any in- formation storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publish er. CHINESE SIMPLIFIED language edition published by CHONGQING UNIVERSITY PRESS, Copyright 2003 by Chongying University Press. HADES. Beit 5A 1 OS 8 NR PER BNE «K+ OR. EK AR Sage AE ZS oil i. 1G ALATA Sage HARA . AN TBI OAH SCE 2 AF AAR DOT Sage 14 RR AS 7) BEF AL EAC ots RACAL 5 AR A A BF if ARV FE (ELE CSS tt. A HU EE (2003) 13. BB ERR B (CIP) HE ROIS BT DT BS 3 W/E in RK. JAG HE ACHE TREE. —— FB ER A ARAL 2004. 17 TEE) ISBN 7-5624-3266-X 1.8... 1. OM... O8...OF...OK... il. HERE BRA W.-C He Ed AAR AS HS, CUP CHR He (2004) 9% 099701 RAR Ht SAK SG -K-R S Eee 3 8 SRR XB BB KERB ET ARON SER REM RATA AL ERT CHARA: OSE Hit: BRDWAMELG 171 SBRAF(A RA 34m 400030 BIS .(023) 65102878 65105781 4A .(023) 65103686 65105565 Wut http. //www. equp. com. en R48: fxk@coup. com. cn (HEHE) Shee BSS BRABOIS ARAT ia) FIA :890% 1240 1/52 EDK .6.5 FM.1927 2004 FULFIL «= 2004 F 11 AH 1 RED) D3: |—3 G00 ISBN 7-5624-3265-X 41.15.00 FE AD OAMB Ri] FREI AHARAR MRA A BRAD Aa PHSAKMMRREAR SHOR, {EAT teem ST BAK AR (Robert K. Yin) COSMOS AI) i. COS- MOS A] ERA SHAREWARE ILE +, GAA RI EMRT LASKA AM MAPA URBARES SHHTAGA. ROLESTRERSASHAMA, Bie RARAARE MAMA. ARH HANES RARE A, #4 A FCOSMOSA A] Ase RAMA. A al i TRE RAMS MR (MRM IA, BM) , 19804 Fh, — Hise BSR. RRLRRAE RATERS MEK. ths ABR RATRAENS SRA: Bit SAH) HB, BS hats ANAGLAR. BNE COSMOS ABATE. HE FESS ei BH NH ALE. RLU RFRA TRASH SR. KAZE PCL BRET RABLSE, RAM RAS A MLS. EMIT FUME RE RTL A. 20022 RARE ATLA eS BE TAL SPAL, 2002—2004 55 Ae RAE 5 LL a. 199196 LK, BASES PE RR ER. ARG GR FSTRLE, ABE (AAR) SSW RRL ORM, E FRE SHKERLRAS DL, AS BAA SBAS EK. AAKBERSH TAA ERR B HRA UEP RA MER THT ie AL, FR Hoe th ne th 6 IS? EAGLES FRPERRANS RAAT RBA ER? KA-AREEES AAA, te Ay Bs WR HHA Ho RMA, ME SHAR, 42H BH a aA fo RL A, AN apa A E— HF BRS oF! BUTI, 2 BEBE BA i OS EH ET PAI RIBR— ANE PER, Dub Hey BP PBR . URE, CETTAS TTI PERIZ AT, BATT EP HAS} A AM= AH, 1999-2002 + AKER SARA 3 AT BLS CAR HT A ERR RELL SHRAEA BHRMOREZS, BPE DAL BRAT RUE! a -F AMES, FEL, RAY SAGE HAZY FY ERLE EAE Ay YE SPAR, ULSI —BE. SAGE HALAS] 4 Erb ALAA SALE ESE HK FHANPH QAEMID RAWARM, Sh. 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