INTRODUCTION

Shelter is a basic necessity for every Filipino. It is an inherent societal part which help
every person to be productive and stable. The establishment of adequate housing will
uplift and support nationwide economic and social development. But despite the
persistence of different public and private groups to provide sufficient housing needs, it
would still be lacking.

The rapid growth of population has continuously influenced the increasing number of
families who suffer from poverty. Such condition creates numbers of marginalized
housing problems and the presence of slum areas. These extents are disadvantageous
to both the family and its surrounding environment. With this prevailing condition, it is
difficult to enhance and improve the livability of a city. Thus, provision of low-cost housing
project is one way to contribute and construct tangible abodes for every concerned
families.

The study would now concentrate on designing a community housing which involves
the creation of houses for every class of society with inclusions of recreational parks,
public service facilities and other community structures that will satisfy every needs and
wants of its beneficiaries.

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 CHAPTER 1
BRIEF BACKGROUND OF CANDON CITY

I. BRIEF HISTORY
A. Etymology

The word “CANDON” comes from “Kandong,” the name given by the natives to a big tree
in the village around which life, culture and beauty centered. This village, so the legend says,
was ruled by three local chieftains: ABAY-A, MADALANG and KALINIO. Madalang chose as
his abode the shade of this gargantuan tree and lived there with his only daughter, the
beautiful Ineng. Abay-a and Kalinio for their part lived with their tribes in caves somewhere in
Kadanglaan and Kauplasan, respectively.

B. Creation of the Municipality

The municipality was created in 1780 upon the installation of the first civil government
under the Cabeza de Barangay, Don Juan P. Madarang by His Eminence, D. Mariano de
Conquera, an Agustinian Friar.

C. R.A. 9018: The City of Candon

In a plebiscite conducted on March 18, 2001, RA 9018 was ratified overwhelmingly by the
people of Candon, only a month after Vigan became a city in February 2001. On May 5, 2001,
R.A. 9018 was signed by Her Excellency President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and House
Speaker Sonny Belmonte at the Malacañang Palace.
To this day, the City of Candon maintains a steady course of progress and development as
the recognized leader in the 2nd District of Ilocos Sur. Banking on a well-educated, highly-
competitive and hardworking citizenry, under the leadership of efficient and honorable city
officials, Candon has earned its titles as the “Premier City in Southern Ilocos” and the
uncontested “Tobacco Capital of the Philippines.”

II. EXISTING LAND USE

Table 1. Existing Land Uses and Areas (General)

EXISTING
LAND USE
Hectares %
Built-up 756.25 7.32%

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 Residential 559.93 5.42%
Commercial 38.12 0.37%
Industrial 0.82 0.01%
Agro-industrial 7.81 0.08%
Institutional 30.19 0.29%
Parks/Playground 8.90 0.09%
Cemetery 7.60 0.07%
Dumpsite 7.70 0.07%
Tourism ( CBR,Church,Spanish houses ) 1.69 0.02%
Infra-Roads/Utilities 93.49 0.91%
Rivers/Creeks/Easement 316.00 3.06%
Agricultural 6,719.76 65.06%
CWMA 2,212.76 21.42%
Watershed 217.00 2.10%
Aquaculture (Fishpond/Fishcages ) 51.33 0.50%
Other Uses ( Sand dunes, Swampy Areas ) 55.11 0.53%
TOTAL 10,328.21 100.00%

Table 2. Existing Land Uses and Areas (Urban)

EXISTING
LAND USE
Hectares %
Residential 31.09 41.2%
Commercial 14.9 19.8%
Institutional 5.7 7.6%
Parks /Playground 0.6 0.8%
Infra-Roads/Utilities 13.85 18.4%
Swampy Areas 1.78 2.4%
Rivers/creeks 0.39 0.5%
Agricultural 7.12 9.4%
TOTAL 75.43 100.0%

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 CHAPTER 2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF CANDON CITY

I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
A. Population Growth Rate

Table 3. Historical Growth Population

Population Size and Average Annual Growth Rate (NSO)
Census Population AGR
Year
1995 45,128 2.47
2000 50,564 1.87
2005 No census
2006 55,413
2007 56,270 1.49
2010 58,816 1.49 projected
2020 68,286 1.49 projected
Sources: 1980-1995 -NSO Report 1997
*2000 data from MBN Census
**2006 – CBMS Survey

B. Number of Informal Settler by Household

Table 4. Households who are Informal Settlers by Barangay

No. of Households who are Squatters
Barangay
Households Magnitude Proportion
Allangigan Primero 256 2 0.78
Allangigan Segundo 200 10 5
Amguid 145 2 1.38
Ayudante 226 1 0.44
Bagani Camposanto 356 8 2.25
Bagani Gabor 120 7 5.83
Bagani Tocgo 100 1 1
Bagani Ubbog 276 3 1.09

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Bagar 252 3 1.19
Balingaoan 309 3 0.97
Bugnay 162 1 0.62
Calaoaan 519 2 0.39
Calongbuyan 470 26 5.53
Caterman 459 38 8.28
Cubcubboot 96 1 1.04
Darapidap 626 94 15.02
Langlangca Primero 133 1 0.75
Langlangca Segundo 254 2 0.79
Oaig-Daya 404 22 5.45
Palacapac 162 0 0
Paras 227 37 16.3
Parioc Primero 298 2 0.67
Parioc Segundo 364 2 0.55
Patpata Primero 204 10 4.9
Patpata Segundo 340 8 2.35
Paypayad 443 15 3.39
Salvador Primero 181 5 2.76
Salvador Segundo 147 1 0.68
San Agustin 277 19 6.86
San Andres 147 2 1.36
San Antonio (Pob.) 204 0 0
San Isidro (Pob.) 373 46 12.33
San Jose (Pob.) 303 6 1.98
San Juan (Pob.) 190 0 0
San Nicolas 426 4 0.94
San Pedro 141 0 0
Santo Tomas 151 1 0.66
Tablac 642 29 4.52
Talogtog 379 3 0.79
Tamurong Primero 303 3 0.99
Tamurong Segundo 191 3 1.57

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 Villarica 85 0 0
TOTAL 11,541 423 3.67

Source: CBMS Survey 2006

II. ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE CITY

A. Income Sources of Candon City

Table 5. Employment Distribution by Sector, 2006

No. of
Rank Sector Person Percentage
Employed
1 Agriculture 5,706 27.13%
2 Community/Social & Personal Services 4,444 21.13%
3 OFW 3,426 16.29%
4 Wholesale/Retail Trade 2,436 11.58%
5 Construction 1,772 8.42%
6 Transportation, Storage & Communication 1,758 8.36%
7 Finance Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services 450 2.14%
8 Fishing 443 2.11%
9 Others (NEC) 299 1.42%
10 Manufacturing 133 0.63%
11 Electricity/Gas & Water 107 0.51%
12 Mining & Quarrying 59 0.28%
TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYED PERSON 21,033 100.00%

B. Average Family Income and Poverty Level of Households

The Table below shows the poverty incidence in the city based on the CBMS survey
in 2006. It appears that the barangays that has the most households living below the poverty
line are found in Barangays Amguid, Bagani-Tocgo, Balingaoan, Calongbuyan, Paras, Parioc
I, Parioc II, Patpata II, Paypayad, Salvador I, Salvador II and Villarica.

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 Table 6. Households with Income below Poverty Threshold

Barangay Number of Households With Income Below

Households Poverty Threshold
Magnitude Proportion
Allangigan Primero 256 118 46.09
Allangigan Segundo 200 97 48.50
Amguid 145 90 62.10
Ayudante 226 96 42.48
Bagani Camposanto 356 128 35.96
Bagani Gabor 120 36 30.00
Bagani Tocgo 100 72 72.00
Bagani Ubbog 276 119 43.12
Bagar 252 123 48.81
Balingaoan 309 170 55.02
Bugnay 162 67 41.36
Calaoaan 519 165 31.79
Calongbuyan 470 271 57.66
Caterman 459 210 45.75
Cubcubboot 96 38 39.58
Darapidap 626 243 38.82
Langlangca Primero 133 29 21.80
Langlangca Segundo 254 68 26.77
Oaig-Daya 404 150 37.13
Palacapac 162 34 20.99
Paras 227 141 62.11
Parioc Primero 298 176 59.06
Parioc Segundo 364 242 66.48
Patpata Primero 204 124 60.78
Patpata Segundo 340 176 51.76
Paypayad 443 260 58.69
Salvador Primero 181 133 73.48
Salvador Segundo 147 92 62.59

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 San Agustin 277 69 24.91
San Andres 147 82 55.78
San Antonio (Pob.) 204 22 10.78
San Isidro (Pob.) 373 117 31.37
San Jose (Pob.) 303 91 30.03
San Juan (Pob.) 190 92 48.42
San Nicolas 426 146 34.27
San Pedro 141 48 34.04
Santo Tomas 151 44 29.14
Tablac 642 230 35.83
Talogtog 379 202 53.30
Tamurong Primero 303 114 37.62
Tamurong Segundo 191 66 34.56
Villarica 85 63 74.12
TOTAL 11,541 5,054 43.79

*Households with income below poverty threshold. Current thresholds are estimated, when the
official is not applicable to the reference period, by projecting the official NSCB thresholds using
prevailing prices. The currently used poverty thresholds are: 14538 (Rural) and 14940 (Urban).
**Number of households with income below poverty threshold over total number of households
Source: CBMS Survey 2006

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 CHAPTER 3
RELEVANT LAWS

I. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7279

“AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AND CONTINUING URBAN

DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING PROGRAM, ESTABLISH THE MECHANISM FOR ITS
IMPLEMENTATION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

Sec. 4. Coverage. — The Program shall cover all lands in urban and urbanizable areas, including
existing areas for priority development sites, and in other areas that may be identified by the local
government units as suitable for socialized housing.

Sec. 5. Exemptions. — The following lands shall be exempt from the coverage of this Act:
(a) Those included in the coverage of Republic Act No. 6657, otherwise known as the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law;
(b) Those actually used for national defense and security of the State;
(c) Those used, reserved or otherwise set aside for government offices, facilities and other
installations.
(d) Those used or set aside for parks, reserves for flora and fauna, forests and watersheds,
and other areas necessary to maintain ecological balance or environmental protection, as
determined and certified to by the proper government agency; and
(e) Those actually and primarily used for religious, charitable, or educational purposes,
cultural and historical sites, hospitals and health centers, and cemeteries or memorial
parks.

Sec. 7. Inventory of Lands. — Within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, all city and
municipal governments shall conduct an inventory of all kinds and improvements thereon within
their respective localities. The inventory shall include the following:
(a) Residential lands; (b) Government-owned lands, whether owned by the National
Government or any of its subdivisions, instrumentalities, or agencies, including
government-owned or-controlled corporations and their subsidiaries;
(c) Unregistered or abandoned and idle lands; and (d)Other lands.

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Sec. 8. Identification of Sites for Socialized Housing. —The Housing and Land Use
Regulatory Board, the National Mapping Resource Information Authority, and the Land
Management Bureau shall identify lands for socialized housing and resettlement areas for the
immediate and future needs of the underprivileged and homeless in the urban areas, taking into
consideration and degree of availability of basic services and facilities, their accessibility and
proximity of jobs sites and other economic opportunities, and the actual number of registered
beneficiaries.

Sec. 9. Priorities in the Acquisition of Land. — Lands for socialized housing shall be acquired
in the following order:
(a) Those owned by the Government or any of its subdivisions, instrumentalities, or
agencies, including government-owned or controlled corporations and their subsidiaries;
(b) Alienable lands of the public domain;
(c) Unregistered or abandoned and idle lands;
(d) Those within the declared Areas for Priority Development, Zonal Improvement
Program sites, and Slum Improvement and Resettlement Program sites which have not
yet been acquired;
(e) Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services or BLISS sites which have not yet
been acquired; and
(f) Privately-owned lands.
Where open-site development is found more practicable and advantageous to the
beneficiaries, the priorities mentioned in this section shall not apply. The local government
units shall give budgetary priority to on-site development of government lands.

Sec. 10 Modes of Land Acquisition — The modes of acquiring lands for the purposes of this
Act shall include, among others, community mortgage, land swapping, land assembly or
consolidation, land banking donation to the Government, joint-venture agreement, negotiated
purchase and expropriation: Provided, however, That expropriation shall be resorted to only when
other modes of acquisition have been exhausted.

Sec. 18. Balanced Housing Development – The Program shall include a system to be specified
in the Framework plan whereby developers of proposed subdivision projects shall be required to
develop an area for socialized housing equivalent to at least twenty percent (20%) of the total
subdivision area or total subdivision project cost, at the option of the developer, within the same

10
city or municipality, whenever feasible, and in accordance with the standards set by the Housing
and Land Use Regulatory Board and other existing laws. The balanced housing development as
herein required may also be complied with by the developers concerned in any of the following
manner:
a. Development of new settlement;
b. Slum upgrading or renewal of areas for priority development either through zonal improvement
programs or slum improvement and resettlement programs;
c. Joint-venture projects with either the local government units or any of the housing agencies; or
d. Participation in the community mortgage program.

Sec. 21. Basic Services. — Socialized housing or resettlement areas shall be provided by the
local government unit or the National Housing Authority in cooperation with the private developers
and concerned agencies with the following basic services and facilities:
(a) Potable water;
(b) Power and electricity and an adequate power distribution system;
(c) Sewerage facilities and an efficient and adequate solid waste disposal system; and
(d)Access to primary roads and transportation facilities.

Sec. 22. Livelihood Component. — To extent feasible, socialized housing and resettlement
projects shall be located near areas where employment opportunities are accessible. The
government agencies dealing with the development of livelihood programs and grant of livelihood
loans shall give priority to the beneficiaries of the Program.

Sec. 23. Participation of Beneficiaries. — The local government units, in coordination with the
Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor and concerned government agencies, shall afford
Program beneficiaries or their duly designated representatives an opportunity to be heard and to
participate in the decision-making process over matters involving the protection and promotion of
their legitimate collective interest which shall include appropriate documentation and feedback
mechanisms.

Sec. 42. Funding. — Funds for the urban development and housing program shall come from
the following sources:

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 (a) A minimum of fifty percent (50%) from the annual net income of the Public Estate
Authority, to be used by the National Housing Authority to carry out its programs of land
acquisition for resettlement purposes under this Act;
(b) Proceeds from the disposition of ill-gotten wealth, not otherwise previously set aside
for any other purpose, shall be applied to the implementation of this Act shall be
administered by the National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation;
(c) Loans, grants, bequests and donations, whether from local or foreign sources;
(d) Flotation of bonds, subject to the guidelines to be set by the Monetary Board;
(e) Proceeds from the social housing tax and, subject to the concurrence of the local
government units concerned, idle lands tax as provided in Section 236 of the Local
Government Code of 1991 and other existing laws;
(f) Proceeds from the date or disposition of alienable public lands in urban areas; and
(g) Domestic and foreign investment or financing through appropriate arrangements like
the build-operate-and-transfer scheme.

Sec. 43. Socialized Housing Tax. — Consistent with the constitutional principle that the
ownership and enjoyment of property bear a social function and to raise funds for the Program,
all local government units are hereby authorized to impose an additional one-half percent (0.5%)
tax on the assessed value of all lands in urban areas in excess of Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000).

II. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (PD 1096)

Minimum Requirements for Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL)

a. Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL) are portions of the Total Lot Area (TLA) not
occupied by the Maximum Allowable PSO. The TOSL may consist of either the Maximum
Allowable ISA (hardscaped areas) or the USA (exposed and planted/softscaped soil) or
may also be the combination of both types of open spaces.

Table 7. Setbacks for Commercial*, Industrial, Institutional and Recreational Buildings

Road Right-of-Way
Front Side Rear
(RROW) Width
(meters) (meters) (meters)
(meters)

30.00 & above 8.00 5.00 5.00

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 25.00 to 29.00 6.00 3.00 3.00
20.00 to 24.00 5.00 3.00 3.00
10.00 to 19.00 5.00 2.00 2.00
Below 10.00 5.00 2.00 2.00

Note:
* Mixed-Use Buildings/Structures in R-5 lots may be considered a commercial development
if a substantial percentage of the GFA is commercial.

Table 8. Suggested Median and Lane Widths Within Alleys/Roadways/Carriageways by

Minimum RROW Width and by Suggested Vehicle Speeds
Suggested
Range of
Range Minimum
Suggested Suggested
of Total Required Suggested
Minimum to Minimum to
Alley or Width of Minimum to
Maximum Maximum
RROW Alley or Maximum
Vehicle Speeds Median
Width Roadway/ Lane Widths
Along Alley or Widths
(meters) Carriageway (meters)
Roadway (meters)
(meters)
(kilometers/hour)

2.00 2.00
(for 3.00 meters None one way
Alley ROW) 1.00 car passage
3.00 to 6.00
4.00 to
2.10
(for 6.00 meters 15.00 None
each way
RROW)
4.81
2.40
(for 6.01 meters None
each way
RROW) 16.00
6.10 to 20.00
13.40 to
(for 20.00 30.00 1.20 to 2.00 2.80 to 3.00
meters RROW)

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 13.50
(for 20.10 1.20 to 4.50 3.00 to 3.30
meters RROW) 31.00
20.10 to 40.00
26.80 to
(for 40.00 60.00 1.20 to 4.80 3.3 to 3.50
meters RROW)
26.90
(for 40.10 1.50 to 5.00 3.50 to 3.80
40.10 to
meters RROW) 61.00
60.00 and
40.00 and
above
(for 60.00 above 1.50 to 5.50 3.80 to 4.00
meters RROW)

Table 9. Minimum Road Right-of-Way (RROW) Provisions for Developments with

Multiple Dwelling Units

Minimum Minimum Minimum

Width of Width of Total Width of
Number of
Carriageway/ Sidewalk the
Dwelling Units
Roadway on each side RROW
(meters) (meters) (meters)
Up to six (6) units 3.00 0.60 4.20
Seven (7) up to fifteen (15) units 4.00 1.00 6.00
Sixteen (16) up to
5.00 1.00 7.00
Twenty-five (25) units
Twenty-six (26) up to
6.00 1.00 8.00
Thirty-five (35) units
More than thirty-five (35) units 6.70 1.00 8.70

III. FRAMEWORK FOR LAND USE PLANNING

SEC 29. Conversion of Agricultural Lands- Agricultural lands are deemed converted to non-
agricultural uses upon approval by the DLR of the application for conversion. Prime agricultural

14
lands and specific types of lands to the extent necessary for attaining food self-sufficiency in rice
and corn and food security in other basic commodities, as determined by the DA, subject to
mandatory consultation: with the LGUs, the private sector, the NGOs, and POs, shall be protected
from conversion, which shall include but not limited to areas under the NPAAAD.
SEC. 44. Designation and Zoning of Socialized Housing Zones- The designated sites for
socialized housing shall be located in residential zones, and shall be zoned as socialized housing
zones that are integrated in the city or municipality's zoning ordinance, pursuant to existing laws
and regulations.
Fisher folk settlements and housing in coastal municipalities shall be zoned near the sea
for easy access to their livelihood.

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 CHAPTER 4
DESIGN GUIDELINES AND CONSIDERATIONS
I. SOCIALIZED HOUSING

Shelter Component
a. Floor Area Requirement
The minimum floor area requirement for single-family dwelling shall be 22 square meters for
economic housing and 18 square meters for socialized housing.
b. Minimum Level of Completion
The minimum level of completion for economic housing shall be complete house based on the
submitted specifications. For socialized housing project, it shall be shell house with doors and
windows to enclose the unit.
Provision of firewall shall be mandatory for duplex and single-attached units and at every unit for
row houses.
Maximum block length is 400 meters. However, block length exceeding 250 meters shall already
be provided with a 2-meter alley approximately at mid-length.
Setback/Yard

Water Supply
Water supply provided by the local water district shall be potable and adequate. It shall be
complemented/ supplemented by other sources, when necessary, such as communal well, which
may be located strategically for ease and convenience in fetching water by residents and at the
same time not closer than 300 meters from each other.
For elevated reservoir, structural design shall comply with accepted structural standards
or the National Building Code of the Philippines. The elevated reservoir or water tank capacity
must be 20% average daily demand plus fire reserve.

Electrical Power Supply

When power is available within the locality of the project site, its connection to the
subdivision is required. Actual connection, however, may depend on the minimum number of
users as required by the power supplier.

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Provision of street lighting per pole shall be mandatory if poles are 50-meter distance and at every
other pole if the distance is less than 50 meters.

Sewage Disposal System

a. Septic Tank
The sewage disposal system shall be communal or individual septic tank conforming to the design
standard of the Sanitation Code of the Philippines.
b. Connection to Community Sewer System
Whenever applicable, connections shall be made to an approved public or community sewer
system, subject to the requirements and provisions of the Sanitation Code of the Philippines and
other applicable rules and regulations with regard to materials and installation practices.

Drainage System
The design of the drainage system of the subdivision shall take into consideration existing
development of adjacent areas relative to their impact/effect on its drainage system, if any.
Further, it shall conform to the natural drainage pattern of the subdivision site, and shall drain into
appropriate water bodies or public drainage system or natural outfalls. In no case shall drainage
outfalls drain into a private lot. Its layout shall conform to sound engineering design principles
certified by a duly licensed civil/sanitary engineer.

Garbage Disposal System

Garbage disposal shall be undertaken by the local government or in the absence thereof,
by individual lot owners or homeowners association, with proper observance of sanitary practices
and methods.

Fire Firefighting
The Homeowners Association shall form fire brigade in collaboration with the barangay fire
brigade. Water for fire-fighting shall be part of the water supply requirements and shall comply
with the requirements of the local/district fire unit of the Philippine National Police.

17
Table 10. Design Parameters for Socialized and Economic Housing

18
 Table 11. Private Open Space
Requirements

Ceiling Heights
1) Minimum ceiling height for habitable rooms shall be measured from the finished floor line to
the ceiling line. Where ceilings are not provided, a minimum headroom clearance of 2.0 meters
shall be provided.
2) Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not less than 1.80 meters above and below
it, provided that it shall not cover 50% of the floor area below it.

Figure 1. Stairway Design Figure 2. Winding and Circular Stairways

Firewall
Whenever a dwelling abuts on a property line, a firewall shall be required. The firewall shall be
of masonry construction, at least 150 millimeters or 6 inches thick and extend vertically from the
lowest portion of the wall adjoining the living units up to a minimum height of 0.30 meter above
the highest point of the roof attached to it. The firewall shall also extend horizontally up to a
minimum distance of 0.30 meter beyond the outermost edge of the abutting living units.
Multi-Family Dwellings and Condominiums
1. Lot Planning
a. Access to the property. Direct vehicular access to the property shall be provided by means of
an abutting improved public street.

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 Figure 3. Firewall for Dwelling
Units on Property Line
b. Access to the dwelling. An independent
means of access shall be provided to each
dwelling, or group of dwellings in a single
plot, without trespassing adjoining
properties. Each dwelling must be capable
of maintenance without trespassing
adjoining units. Utilities and service facilities
must be independent for each dwelling unit.
c. Access to living units. An independent
means of access to each living units shall be
provided without passing through any yard
of a living unit or any other yard.
d. Non-residential use. Portions of the
property may be designed for nonresidential
use provided the type of non-residential use
is harmonious or compatible with the
residential character of the property. e.
Cooperative store, and structures for the
homeowners’ association.

Any non-residential use of any portion of the property shall be subordinate to the residential use
and character of the property. The floor area authorized for non-residential use, whether in the
principal dwelling structure or in any accessory building, shall not exceed 25% of the total
residential area.
f. Open Space Requirements. Portions of the property shall be devoted to open space to provide
adequate light, ventilation and fire safety.
1) Setbacks from the property line shall be maintained, the minimum of which shall be the
following:
Table 12. Minimum Setbacks per Storey

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2) Distance between buildings shall also be adequately maintained to ensure light and ventilation.
In general, the minimum distance between 2 buildings in which the taller buildings does not
exceed 2 storeys shall be 4.0 meters. And the minimum horizontal clearance between the two
roof eaves shall be 1.50 meters. The minimum distance between two buildings wherein the taller
building has 3 or 4 storeys, shall be 6.0 meters. And the minimum horizontal clearance between
the two roof eaves shall be 2.0 meters. The minimum distance between buildings with more than
4 storeys shall be 10 meters. The minimum horizontal clearance shall be 6.0 meters. Except,
however, in cases when the two sides of the buildings facing each other are blank walls, i.e.,
either there are no openings or only minimal openings for comfort rooms, the minimum distance
between the buildings shall be 2.0 meters. And the horizontal clearance between the roof eaves
shall be 1.0 meter.

Parking Requirements
For multi-family dwellings and condominiums, the parking requirement shall be one (1) parking
slot per eight (8) living units. The size of an average automobile (car) parking slot must be
computed at 2.5 meters by 5.0 meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters
by 6.0 meters for parallel parking.
The driveway may be used as parking area provided that the minimum right-of-way shall be
maintained.

Building Design Standards

a. Living Units
In general, all building design standards for the single-family dwelling shall apply to all living units
of multi-family dwellings, except that, the minimum floor area of a living unit in multi-family
dwellings shall be 22 square meters for economic housing and 18 square meters for socialized
housing. For BP 220 condominium projects, the minimum floor area shall be 18 square meters.
b. Exits, Corridors, Exterior Exit Balconies and Common Stairways
Automatic fire alarm suppression system should be provided for structure more than 15 meters in
height.
c. Utilities and Services
To ensure healthful and livable conditions in the project, basic utilities and services shall be
provided, the minimum requirements of which shall be:
1) Water Supply

21
Water supply shall be potable and adequate in amount; a main service connection and a piping
system with communal faucets to serve the common areas like the garden, driveways, etc. shall
be provided. Pipes branching out from the main water line shall service the individual units which
shall be provided with individual water meters.
2) Power Supply/Electrical Service
If available in the vicinity, a main power service shall be provided with a main circuit to service
common lighting as well as common power needs of the dwellings. Like the water system,
however, branch circuits with separate meters shall service the individual living units.
3) Drainage System
Surface run-offs shall be channeled to appropriate repositories.
4) Sewage Disposal System
Sewage disposal may be accomplished by any of the following means:
a) Discharge to an existing public sewerage system
b) Treatment in a community disposal plant or communal septic tank
c) Treatment in individual septic tanks with disposal by absorption field or leaching pit
5) Garbage Disposal System
Adequate services for the regular collection and disposal of garbage and rubbish shall be in
compliance with applicable local ordinances.

6) Elevator Requirements
Provision of elevators shall be required for buildings 6 storeys and beyond. The same shall
conform to the plans and specifications of the duly licensed design architect/engineer who shall
determine the requirement for elevators including the number of cars, capacity, safety features
and standards, elevator type, speed and location in relation to the overall design and use of the
building.
Compliance to the provisions of the Fire Code of the Philippines shall be mandatory.

General Construction Requirements

a. Structural Requirements
All construction shall conform to the provisions of the latest edition of the Philippine Structural
Code.
b. Electrical Requirements
All electric systems, equipment and installation shall conform to the provisions of the latest edition
of the Philippine Electrical Code and the requirements of the electric utility that serves the locality.

22
c. Sanitary Requirements
All sanitary systems, equipment and installation shall conform to the provisions of the latest edition
of Sanitation Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and Regulations and National
Plumbing Code.

Figure 4. Curb Radii Dimension

Figure 5. Branch Dimension
II. DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR DAYCARE CENTER

Figure 7. Setback Requirement along

Main Public Road
Figure 6. T Dimension

A. Criteria for Day Care Center Location

The location of the child care center is critical to a child’s safety, well-being, and quality
of care. Location requirements can be grouped according to the following broad
categories of mandatory and recommended criteria: enrollment, space, environment,
safety, security, accessibility, and historic preservation.

B. Child Care Center Enrollment Capacity

For programming purposes, a typical center should be designed to serve no fewer than
74 children because fewer than that may be financially difficult for commercial providers

23
to sustain, and may hasten future turnover of providers. Though the typical center is
approximately 74 children, there are several existing centers in the GSA system which
are substantially smaller or larger than this standard. At the same time, centers should
not exceed 150 children, unless they are designed as “pods” that can avoid the feeling
of an overwhelming institutional impression for small children.

C. Overall Space Requirements

Interior:
Provide approximately 8.4 m2 OFA of interior space per child for the licensed capacity of
the center.
Provide 2.2 m2-5 m2 AFA of unrestricted space per child in the classroom depending on
age (see chart 5.1). This space is exclusive of corridors, administrative space, built-in
casework storage, toilets, kitchen and laundry space, and building service and support
areas.
Exterior:
Provide a minimum of 7 m2 of outdoor play yard per child for 50 percent of the licensed
capacity of the center. The play yard space should be divided, with each outdoor area
having a minimum dimension of no less than 2440 mm, and a minimum size not less than
112 m2. At least 50 percent of the play yard area should be exposed to sunlight at any
given time during hours of operation.

D. Children’s Spaces
Classrooms:
A classroom is the architecturally defined area that contains each group of
children and their teacher(s). Classrooms may be separated by full partitions or
partial barriers that allow controlled visual or acoustical connections to other
groups. However, at least one interior viewing panel, at children’s height, is
required both adjacent to corridors and between classrooms where possible. The
classrooms themselves should be as open as possible, allowing supervision and
the penetration of natural light.

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 Common Spaces:
Spaces shared by more than one group are included in this category. The
designer needs to be cognizant that the child may spend very few hours of the day
in his or her home. The center becomes the “home away from home” for the child
. The design should convey this impression. A common area that “feels” like the
core of the center is an excellent organizing concept and one which will dispel an
institutional feeling, especially if it is treated in a “home-like” way. This may be
simply an area of the circulation that provides a stopping place that allows social
interaction. However, it should not be the multi-purpose room. Circulation through
the multi-purpose room has proved to be an undesirable design feature.
Play Yards:
Play yards are outdoor extensions of the classrooms, providing many of the
same opportunities as indoor spaces. Play yards should provide for a variety of
developmentally appropriate activities and include storage for curriculum
equipment as well as wheeled toys, trikes and wagons. Spending time on the
playground is undoubtedly the preferred activity of children. Therefore, to the
greatest extent possible, the designer should arrange ease of access to the play
yard from the classroom and maximum adult supervision.
E. Adult Spaces
Parent Spaces:
Spaces within the center that are used by parents include the entry,
reception/”living room” area, conference room, and the classroom (for observing,
visiting, conferring with teachers, and feeding infants). Parents should have direct
access to a staff toilet room. A lactation area should offer privacy for nursing
mothers, preferably near the nap area. This need not be an enclosed room, or
even a partitioned area.

Staff Spaces:
The spaces used by teachers and directors are the staff resource room, the
classroom and play yard areas, the entry and reception areas, offices, conference
and lounge, resource storage, and adult toilets.

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F. Example Space Programs
The combination of groups for an actual project may vary from those used
in these examples, depending upon the needs of the proposed center. No
classroom should provide less than 4.5 sq. meters per child of activity space within
the classroom, with the exception of infants, which should not be less then 4.875
sq. meters because much of their “Activity” time is spent sleeping. At more then
148 children, consider making a two pod arrangement so the center maintains its
small scale feeling for the child.

III. DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR RETAIL SHOPS

 A workroom for marking merchandise, making small repairs, and preparing articles
for display is needed. A hanging pole, some shelving, and space ironing board use
are required.
 The minimum area can be 4 by 6 ft. larger shops may have a complete alteration
department Sales and display Areas Departmentalizing is necessary, due to the
varied kinds of merchandise sold.
 One or more fitting rooms are necessary in clothing departments; a small fitting
platform, one step high and approximately 4 ft by 4 ft, is sometimes needed.
 All shelving should be within normal reaching distance; the maximum height to
which the average adult can reach is from 6 ft 3 in. to 6 ft 6 in.
 Display and stock tables may be introduced in wider alcoves. Aisles not less than
3 ft wide are preferred; main circulation aisles are not usually greater in width than
6 ft or 6 ft 6 in., for large shops.

Sales and Display Areas

 These are divided into a general salesroom for ordinary customers, and one or
more private rooms for customers who wish to buy expensive items, usually
precious stones.
 Both sit at tables, 2 ft by 3 ft in size, which are spaced at 9 to 10 ft intervals for
privacy. A few display cases are used and stock drawers to hold jewelry trays.

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  Display tables for stationery and watches are sometimes fitted with display
drawers, the full size of the table, and visible through a glass top. Wall cases are
often recessed in salesroom walls. Private sales cubicles may be from 6 to 7
ft by fl to 10 ft. Furniture should include 3 or 4 chairs and a sales table.

Beauty Shop
 The typical small beauty shop has to contain at least six to eight booths in order fo
doenough business to be successful. If manicuring is to be done in booths, 20%
of the shop's total area is devoted to waiting room. If manicure tables (15 by 30 in.,
with 5 ft. between tables) have to be placed in waiting space, the 20% proportion
may have to be enlarged.

IV. DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR PLAY COURTS

A. BASKETBALL
 All dimensions are to inside edge of lines except as noted. All lines to be .05 m
(2") wide. Backboard shall be of any rigid weather-resistant material .
 The front shall be flat and painted white unless it is transparent. If the backboard
is transparent, It shall be marked with a .OS-m-wide white line around the
border and a .45 X .59-m target area bounded with a .OS-m-wide white line.
 Recommended Area Ground space is 448 m2 minimum to 540 m2
recommended, including clear space.
 Size and Dimension Playing court is 14 X 26 m with an unobstructed space of
1 m minimum to 2 m recommended on all sides.
 Orientation Preferred orientation is for the long axis to be north-south.
B. VOLLEYBALL
 All court markings to be 2 in wide except as noted . For surfacing details see
Figs . 58 to 61 . Net height at center to be: men 8'-0", women 7'-41/4", high
school 7'-0", elementary school 6'-6" . For net and post details see Fig . 53.
 Recommended Area Ground space is 4000 sq ft .

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  Size and Dimension Playing court is 30 X 60 ft plus 6 ft minimum, 10 ft preferred
unobstructed space on all sides.

V. DESIGN GUIDELINES OF OPEN COURTS

A. Public parks must be accessible and equitable for the entire community
 Create multiple access/egress points along the park perimeter.
 Create designated maintenance vehicle access to the park.
 Designate a main entry point into the park.
 Locate signage at the frontages of the park for good visibility.
 Locate bollards, barriers and/or fencing to prevent unauthorized vehicular
access into the park.
 Provide a hard surfaced pathway that traverses the park and links into
embellishments such as shelters, seats, bobs, playgrounds etc.
 Maintain clear sight lines across passive and active use areas.
 Maintain clear sight lines to potential hazards such as water bodies, open drains,
car parks and roads.
 Use low shrubs and groundcover planting that do not interrupt sight lines or
create possible ‘hiding’ spots.
 Do not use shrubs that require pruning to achieve this.
 Trees are to have clear trunks for a minimum height of 2 meters.
 Utilize existing trees or plant new trees to create shade to passive and active
activity areas.
B. Public parks must be cost effective
 Plan and design parks so that cost effective maintenance programs can be
established.
 Plan and design parks and facilities for energy and water conservation, optimized
life cycle and selection of materials with low embodied energy.
 Select materials and furniture items that are easily maintained easily cleaned and
easily replaced if damaged.
 Plan and design embellishments within parks so that they can be easily and
safely maintained.

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  Do not over design or over embellish parks.

C. Public parks must be socially and environmentally sustainable

 Plan and design parks and facilities for energy and water conservation, optimised
lifecycle and selection of materials with low embodied energy.
 Incorporate Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) into the design of parks.
 Create spaces that are multi-functional and flexible and facilitate and provide
opportunities for social interaction.
 Use materials and designs that are local and particular to the place wherever
practical.
 Plan and design parks so that it does not adversely impact natural, cultural or
heritage features and values.
 Provide opportunities, where feasible, for the environmental and cultural values
of the place to be interpreted and used as an educational resource.

VI. DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNITY CENTER

A. Administration
Administration areas include the concierge station, administrator’s office, copy
room, nursing office, and activities director’s office. The administration area is adjacent
to the activity areas and the building entrance and has a presence in the community
center.A concierge station is provided adjacent to the entry in an open and welcoming
space allowing staff members to greet visitors and perform routine office duties.Other
administrative spaces are proximate to one another.

B. Support Space
The community center also provides support spaces for the neighborhood.
The support spaces include:

 Staff lounge with lockers

 Staff bathroom General storage
 Housekeeping aides closet Central telephone and communications
 Central kitchen and food storage

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  Central dry storage Laundry
 Receiving/loading Monitoring station
 Maintenance office
 Maintenance storage Central plant

C. Common Activity Areas

 Public entrance
 Great Room (with hearth and TV)
 Bistro
 Media center
 Multipurpose Room
 Conference room (multipurpose)
 Chapel or Meditation (optional)

D. Multipurpose Room
Regular large groups of residents for social events such as:

 Wet and dry craft activities Bingo Card and board games
 Fitness activities
 Viewing sporting events or special entertainment programs

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 CHAPTER 5

PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF GATHERED DATA

I. DATA FROM INDIGENT RESPONDENTS

House
Figure and Lot
8. House andProprietorship
Lot Proprietorship Figure 8 shows the number of house
100% 68% and lot owners, 32 percent, none-
50% 32%
owners which has the greatest
0% percentage at 68.
OWNER NONE-OWNER/RENTER

Interpretation: From the result, it implies that most indigent respondents are none-
owners/renters of the house and lot they are settling in. Thus, there is a need to provide low-cost
housing projects to complement with the housing needs of the city. Houses must be affordable
yet accessible to community facilities such as hospitals, retails, parks, schools, and more.

Figure 9. House Classification Most of the respondents, 91 percent,

House Classification
91% were living in a bungalow house. Nine
100%
(9) percent of them were in a two-
50%
storey house but none were staying
9%
0%
0% in a house of three stories and above.
BUNGALOW 2-STOREY 3-STOREY & UP

53 percent of the respondents said

House
Figure Structural
10. House Composition
Structural Composition
53%
that wood/bamboo is the main
60%
material used in their house
40% 35%
construction. 12 percent and 35
20% 12% percent of them have concrete and
0% mix materials for their houses
WOOD/ BAMBOO CONCRETE MIX
respectively.

31
Interpretation: Based from the result, it showed that most houses of the respondents are made
of merely wood or bamboo. Thus, houses were not structurally stable when strong winds and
heavy rainfall prevails in their place. Housing projects must consider materials which are durable
and resilient to flood and typhoon.

Figure 11. Numbers of Family Members The figure shows that in a single
Number of Family Members in a in a
Single
SingleHousehold
Household household, 57 percent of the

60%
57% respondents belonged to a four (4)
50% to six (6) family members. 24
40%
percent were have seven (7) to nine
30% 24%
20% 16% (9) members, 16 percent and 3
10% 3% percent have one (1) to three (3)
0%
and ten (10) and above family
1 TO 3 4 TO 6 7 TO 9 10 & UP
members respectively.

Interpretation: Since most of the respondents belong to a family of four to six members, there
must be enough space to house them all. Planners of the housing project must consider the size
of the average household to provide comfortable living space for each family member.

Figure 12. Number of Bedrooms in Each Figure 12 presents that 49 percent

Number of Bedrooms in Each
Household
Household of the respondents have two (2)

60% 49% bedrooms, 43 percent have one (1)

43%
40% bedroom, nine (9) percent have
20% 9% three (3) bedrooms, and none have
0%
0% four (4) bedrooms and above.
1 BEDROOM 2 BEDROOMS 3 BEDROOMS 4 BEDROOMS
AND UP

Interpretation: With the four to six family members living in a single house, its ratio with the
number of existing bedrooms is inappropriate. Thus bedroom space is not enough to
accommodate all household members which might provide poor ventilation and deprived
movement and circulation for each family member.

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 From the respondents, 100 percent
Financial
Figure Cost of
13. Financial House
Cost Construction
of House Construction
of them have spent less than
150% 100%
100% 200,000 pesos in putting up their
50% 0% 0% houses. None of them have
0%
LESS 200, 000 200,000-500,000 MORE THAN expended an amount greater than
500,000
200,000 pesos.
Interpretation: Most of the houses of the respondents cost less than 200,000 pesos, thus,
developers of the housing project must consider the capabilities of each beneficiary to pay for
proposed houses. Also, planners must choose materials which are low-costing yet provides
durability and strength.

87 percent of the respondents are

Susceptibility
Figure to Flood
14. Susceptibility to Flood
living in areas that are highly
UNSURE 0% susceptible to flood while 13 percent
LOW SUSCEPTIBLE 13% of are located within the zones with
HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE 87%
low susceptibility to flood. None has
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% responded unsure.

Interpretation: From the gathered data, most residents are within the flooded zone areas. Thus,
planners and developers must agree with a housing site that is not susceptible to flood. The site
must be ideal as not to disrupt the activities of possible beneficiaries of the housing project.

The Figure 15 shows that 50

Willingness
Figure of theofRespondents
15. Willingness to beto be
the Respondents
Relocated percent of the respondents are
Relocated
willing to be relocated, 16 percent
UNSURE 34%
are unwilling, and 34 percent are still
UNWILLING 16%
WILLING 50% unsure of their response.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Interpretation: The willingness of the respondents to be relocated is an indication for the

provision of housing projects. But, parties involved with the project must further encourage those
unwilling and unsure residents to invest and take part in creating a livable community.

33
 Figure 16. Number of Expected One (1) bedroom is required by 3
Bedrooms percent of the respondents, two (2)
60% 43% bedrooms by 24 percent, three (3)
Percentage

40% 24% 19%

20% 3%
11% bedrooms by 43 percent, four (4)
0% bedrooms by 19 percent, and five
1 2 3 4 5 OR
MORE (5) or more bedrooms by 11 percent
Number of Bedrooms of the respondents.

Interpretation: Expected number of bedrooms must be met to allow relevant spaces to live and
recreate.

In terms of the mode of

Figure
MODES 17.OF
Modes of Availing
AVAILING HOUSE House
ANDand Lot
LOT availing house and lot,
most of the respondents,
DON'T KNOW 3%
76 percent, preferred to
HOUSING LOAN 10%
build their own house. The
BUILD OWN HOUSE 76% remaining will buy on open
RENT IT FROM A LOCAL AUTHORITY market housing projects,
0%
OR HOUSING ASSOCIATION
loan house, and some
RENT FROM A PRIVATE SECTOR 0%
respondents does not
BUY ON OPEN MARKET HOUSING
10%
PROJECTS know on which form to
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% adapt.

Interpretation: Most of the respondents preferred to just build their own house rather buy on
open market housing projects. This suggests that efforts must be exerted in the promotion and
advertising of the benefits of houses from housing projects. Facilities to improve living must be
included such as community facilities and recreational parks.

Table 13 presents the rankings of the

Table 13. Ranking of Housing Constraints
different housing constraints encountered by
HOUSING CONSTRAINTS RANK
the respondents. House which needs major
Needs Major Repair 1
repairs ranked as first. It is consecutively
Too Small 2
followed by concerns such as too small,
Temporary Accommodation 3 temporary accommodation, unsuitable for
physical needs, and distant from work place.

34
 Unsuitable for Physical Needs 4
Distant from Work Place 5

Interpretation: With the obtained data about the housing constraints of the respondents, housing
facilities must be durable and flexible to diversified weather conditions to avoid high maintenance
and frequent repairs.

From the eight identified reasons in choosing

Table 14. Reasons in Choosing
a site for house construction, price/market
A Site for House Construction Ranking
value of lot ranked as the first. Second was
REASONS IN CHOOSING A
the closeness to friends/families. Third,
SITE FOR HOUSE RANK
closeness to public transportation. Fourth,
CONSTRUCTION
safe from hazards. Fifth, convenient to
Price/Market Value of Lot 1
workplace. Sixth, convenient to retail.
Closeness to Friends/ Families 2
Seventh, convenient to school. Eight,
Closeness to Public
3 closeness to scenic location.
Transportation
Safe From Hazards 4
Interpretation: The price or market value of
Convenient to Workplace 5
land must be one of the concerns of a
Convenient to Retail 6
housing developer. Thus, consideration in
Convenient to School 7 the ability of the end-user to avail house and
Closeness to Scenic Location 8 lot must prevail.

Table 15. Reasons in Settling in the Current

House Location Ranking
The Table 15 shows the reasons of the
REASONS IN SETTLING IN
respondents in settling/staying in their
THE CURRENT HOUSE RANK
current house location. Convenient to school
LOCATION
ranked number one in the list. It is
Convenient to School 1
consecutively followed by closeness to
Closeness to Friends/ Families 2
friends/ families, convenient to work,
Convenient to Work 3
convenient to retail, closeness to public
Convenient to Retail 4
transportation, market value of house & lot,
Closeness to Public
5 quality of home, no choice, and distant from
Transportation
hazards.

35
 Market Value Of House & Lot 6
Quality of Home 7
No Choice 8
Distant from Hazards 9

Interpretation: Based from the result, residents settle in their respective houses because of its
accessibility to community facilities such as schools, retails, and transportation terminals. In
developing new housing projects, accessibility to facilities which provide varied needs and wants
of people is a factor to consider.

II. OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRESENT HOUSING CONDITIONS OF THE INDIGENT

RESPONDENTS

The following are the observed situations of the indigent respondents which were divided into:

A. House Functionality
1. Some houses serve as both shelter and storage for wood which are being sold in the
market
2. Most of the houses functions inefficiently as to the relation of its space and the number
of family members living in the house
B. Structural Condition of Houses
1. Dilapidating
2. Small- lack spaces to recreate and perform activities
3. Poorly constructed
4. Poorly ventilated- low ceiling and lack ventilation systems
C. Sanitation and Drainage System
1. Some residents have no fix toilet and bath
2. Drainage systems were exposed which causes unpleasant odor to saunter
3. Pig pens and chicken coops were incorporated in the main house which might
contaminate water, air, and soil quality
D. Backyard
1. Plants are grown for shades and as source of foods
E. Water Resource
1. Group or compound of houses have common water pump
2. Lack of potable water resource

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III. DATA FROM RESPONDENTS BELONGING TO AVERAGE AND ABOVE
AVERAGE CLASS

FigureHouse
18. House 68 percent of the respondents are
and and
Lot Lot Proprietorship for
Proprietorship
AAAC owner of their house and lot. None-
NONE-OWNER/RENTER 24% owners and renters comprised the 21
OWNER 76% percent and 11 percent respectively.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Interpretation: Based from the result, residents belonging to average and above average class
own the house and lot in which they are living in. The remaining percentage describes those who
rent houses or apartments with reasons related to the accessibility to work, school, hospital, and
commercial establishments.

Most of the respondents, 86

Figure 19.House
HouseClassification
Classification of AAAC
percent, are living in a single-
CONDOMINIUM 0%
detached house. Eight (8) percent
APARTMENT 8%
MOBILE 3% are in apartments, three (3) percent
SINGLE-DETACHED 86%
are in duplexes and mobile homes
DUPLEX 3%
and none have been living in
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
condominiums.

Interpretation: Single-detached is the most common house type of the respondents. This form
of house can be bungalow or multi-storey. In putting up houses, developers and planners must
deliberate as to what form of house must suit average and above average class people in order
for them to live privately and comfortably.

Figure 20 presents that 51 percent

of the respondents have two (2)
FigureNUMBER OFofBEDROOMS
20. Number Bedrooms (AAAC)
bedrooms, three (3) percent have
5 OR MORE BEDROOMS 0% one (1) bedroom, 36 percent have
4 BEDROOMS 10%
three (3) bedrooms, ten percent
3 BEDROOMS 36%
2 BEDROOMS 51% have three (3) bedrooms and none
1 BEDROOMS 3% have five (5) or more bedrooms.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

*AAAC-Average and Above Average Class

37
Interpretation: The number of bedrooms suggests that average and above average class
respondents have small family members living in a single household. Thus, it must be taken
advantage to save space and financial cost.

Figure 21. Expected Number of Bedrooms

EXPECTED NUMBER OF ROOMS One (1) bedroom and two (2)
(AAAC) bedrooms are required by none of
60%
49%
50% the respondents, three (3)
39%
40%
bedrooms by 49 percent, four (4)
30%
20% bedrooms by 39 percent, and five
12%
10%
0% 0%
(5) or more bedrooms by 12 percent
0% of the respondents.
1 2 3 4 5 OR MORE

Interpretation: The number of bedrooms suggests that average and above average class
respondents have small family members living in a single household. Thus, it must be taken
advantage to save space and financial cost.

In terms of the mode of

MODES
Figure OF AVAILING
22. Modes of AvailingHOUSE ANDLot
House and LOT(AAAC) availing house and lot, most
of the respondents, 73
OTHERS 2%
percent, preferred to build
HOUSING LOAN 12% their own house. The

BUILD OWN HOUSE

remaining will buy on open
73%
market housing projects,
RENT IT FROM A LOCAL AUTHORITY
0%
OR HOUSING ASSOCIATION loan house, and some
RENT FROM A PRIVATE SECTOR 0% respondents does not know
on which form to adapt.
BUY ON OPEN MARKET 12%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

*AAAC-Average and Above Average Class

Interpretation: A greater number of the respondents favored to just build their own house rather
buy on open market housing projects or depend on housing loan. This recommends the promotion
and advertising of the benefits of houses from housing projects even further. Community facilities

38
and recreational parks must be included in the housing project to improve livability, as well as to
arouse people to be relocated and buy units of houses.

Table 16 presents the rankings of the different

Table 16. Ranking of Housing housing constraints encountered by the
Constraints respondents. House which needs major repairs
HOUSING CONSTRAINTS RANK ranked as first. It is consecutively followed by

Needs Major Repairs 1 concerns such as distant from workplace,

Distant from Workplace 2 distant from families/friends, temporary

Distant from Families/Friends 3 accommodation, too small, distant from health

Temporary Accommodation 4 facilities, distant from school, distant from retail,

and too large.
Too Small 5
Distant from Health Facilities 6
Interpretation: Housing facilities should be
Distant from School 7
resilient and flexible to different weather
Distant from Retail 8
conditions to avoid high maintenance and
Too large 9
frequent repairs.

Table 17. Reasons in Choosing

A Site for House Construction Ranking With the eight identified reasons in choosing a

REASONS IN CHOOSING A site for house construction, price/market value

SITE FOR HOUSE RANK of lot ranked as the first. Second was the

CONTRUCTION closeness to workplace. Third, convenient to

Price/Market Value of Lot 1 school. Fourth, safe from hazards. Fifth,

Convenient to Workplace 2 closeness to public transportation. Sixth,

Convenient to School 3 closeness to friend/families. Seventh,

convenient to retail. Eight, closeness to scenic
Safe from Hazards 4
location.
Closeness to Public
5
Transportation
Interpretation: Consideration in the ability of
Closeness to Friends/ Families 6
the respondents to avail house and lot must
Convenient to Retail 7
prevail. The lower the price, yet still accessible
Closeness to Scenic Location 8
and location-wise, the more people would likely
to invest and purchase.

39
Table 18. Reasons in Settling in the Current Presented in Table 18 are the reasons of the
House Location Ranking respondents in settling/staying in their
REASONS IN SETTLING IN current house location. Convenient to
THE CURRENT HOUSE RANK workplace ranked number one in the list. It is
LOCATION consecutively followed by close to friends/
Convenient to Workplace 1 families, convenient to school, quality of
Close to Friends/ Families 2 home, close to public transportation, safe
Convenient To School 3 from hazards, price of house, convenient to
Quality of Home 4 retail, and no choice.
Close to Public Transportation 5
Interpretation: Residents stay in their
Safe from Hazards 6
respective houses because of its access to
Price of House 7
community facilities such as schools, retails,
Convenient to Retail 8
and transportation terminals.
No Choice 9

Family relations are also given importance by people. With these data, it indicates that
accessibility to facilities which provide varied needs and wants of people is a factor to consider.
Also, places to gather family members from inside or outside of the community housing should also
be given importance in the master plan and design of the project.

IV. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF GATHERED DATA FROM CONDUCTED

INTERVIEWS

Based from interviews with different parties involved in the projects, the following are helpful
insights in discerning for an efficient design of a community housing project:

 In selecting a site for a housing project, the most important factor to consider would be its
accessibility to transportation, to public utilities such as drainage system, power, and
communication, and to public firms or facilities such as schools, hospitals, markets, banks,
and government centers.
 In acquiring land, the market value would now affect the cost of development, thus
influences the salability of every housing unit. The lower market value of land would mean a
more affordable price for those families belonging to low and middle classes of society.

40
 Bestseller models of houses are those cheap in price but still function and satisfy every
dwellers’ needs and wants.
 Proper and intelligent choice of building materials for house construction would help
promote the abode itself in terms of aesthetics, durability, and functionality.
 In choosing building materials, consider alternatives and cost-effective products such as
prefabricated concrete walls, floors, and slabs. Prefabricated building components are durable
and termite-resistant in nature. These are five times stronger than those conventionally made
building parts.
 Low-cost building materials characteristics include:
a. Easy to manufacture
b. Affordable
c. Cheaper construction
d. Shortened construction period
e. Energy efficient
 The arrangement of housing units depend on the shape and orientation of the selected
housing site.
 To a developer, his/her main goal in putting up housing project would be the profit that
he/she may gain. But aside from that, these housing projects can also contribute in solving
the inadequacy of housing for people, especially those belonged in the poverty threshold.
 The inclusion of public recreation parks and open space will help in uniting different
classes of society.
 The best features of an efficient housing project would be its location and affordability.
 Beneficiaries of socialized housing project must be near to their main workplace and
livelihood. Their economic activities must not be disrupted but should be enhanced and
supported.
 Availability of housing assistance is necessary in the construction of a more tangible
abode for every family concerned. An assistance which could manipulate a give and take
relationship, letting them works for their own houses.

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 CHAPTER 6
FINANCIAL COST ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT

I. LAND COST

Table 19. Land Cost of the Housing Project

* The market value of the developed
LAND AREA COST PER TOTAL COST land is around 1,019 pesos, while the
(sq.m.) SQUARE METER raw land has a price that ranges from
500-700 pesos.
57,585.62 1,019.00 58,679,746.78

II. PROJECT BUDGETARY COST

A. OPEN MARKET

Table 20. Project Budgetary Cost of the Open Market Housing Units

NO. OF AVERAGE TOTAL AVERAGE COST PER TOTAL PROJECT

DWELLING LOT AREA LOT FLOOR PCF DWELLING COST
UNITS AREA AREA (Php) (Php)
(sq.m.)
210 120 25,200 72 25,000 1,800,000.00 378,000,000.00

B. SOCIALIZED HOUSING

Table 21. Project Budgetary Cost of the Socialized Housing

TYPICAL
NO. OF PRICE TYPICAL TOTAL FLOOR PCF COST PER TOTAL
DWELLING CEILING LOT LOT AREA (Php) DWELLING PROJECT
UNITS AREA AREA (sq.m.) (Php) COST
168 450,000 48 8,064 30 5,681 170,454.30 28,636,322.40

*The number of socialized housing units is derived from the twenty percent (20%) of the
total subdivision area or total subdivision project cost divide by the price ceiling, Php 450,000,
as set in RA 7292.

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 C. TOTAL PROJECT BUDGETARY COST

Table 22. Total Project Budgetary Cost of the Housing Project

CATEGORY TOTAL COST
OPEN MARKET 378,000,000.00
SOCIALIZED HOUSING 28,636,322.40
GRAND TOTAL 406,636,322.40

III. ENGINEERING COST ANALYSIS

Table 23. Engineering Cost Analysis of the Housing Project

DESCRIPTION PERCENTAGE (%)/ PRICE PER
SQUARE METER ESTIMATED
COST (Php)
LAND (57,585.62 sq.m.) COST 1019.00 58,679,746.78
RIGHT OF WAY COST 0 0.00
EASEMENT COST 0 0.00
LEGAL EXPENSE 2.5% OF A 10,165,908.06
BOND EXPENSE 1.5% OF A 6,099,544.84
ENGINEER/ARCHITECT'S FEE 10% OF A 40,663,632.24
A. PROJECT BUDGETARY COST 406,636,322.40
CONTIGENCY COST 10% OF A 40,663,632.24
LANDSCAPING 5% OF A 20,331,816.12
INTEREST DURING 5% OF A 20,331,816.12
CONSTRUCTION
TOTAL 603,572,418.80

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IV. SELLING PRICES OF HOUSES
A. PRICE OF A 2-STOREY SINGLE-DETACHED HOUSE FOR OPEN MARKET

Table 24. Selling Price of an Open Market Housing Unit

DESCRIPTION AMOUNT
ENGINEERING COST PER DWELLING UNIT 2,534,280.00
DEVELOPER'S PROFIT PERCENTAGE 30%
DEVELOPER'S PROFIT 760,284.00
SELLING PRICE 3,294,564.00

B. PRICE OF 1-STOREY ROW HOUSE (1 DWELLING UNIT) FOR SOCIALIZED

HOUSING

Table 25. Selling Price of a Single-unit Socialized House

DESCRIPTION AMOUNT
ENGINEERING COST/DWELLING UNIT 277,320.76
DEVELOPER'S PROFIT PERCENTAGE 10%
DEVELOPER'S PROFIT 27,732.08
SELLING PRICE 305,052.84

V. LAND USE ALLOCATION

Table 26. Land Use Allocation

DESCRIPTION AREA PERCENTAGE
SALEABLE LOT 33,264.00 58%
NON-SALEABLE LOT 24,321.62 42%
TOTAL 57,585.62 100%

*58% of the lot area would be allotted for saleable lands which comprises the residential
housing development. The remaining 42%, non-saleable lots, will be allocated for circulation/ road
networks, parks and playgrounds, and community facilities such as day care center, multi-purpose
hall, livelihood center, and health facilities.

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 CHAPTER 7
CONCEPTUALIZATION, SITE ANALYSIS AND LAND AREA

I. CONCEPTUALIZATION
The foremost goal of the proposed community housing, livelihood, and recreation
project was to promote sustainability within a community of people belonging to
different status of society.
The main concept of the project was to design and allocate amenities wherein all
dwellers can be benefitted and avoid any forms of discrimination. Housing units will
be arrange into series of blocks which surround a central recreational park for all the
dwellers. Each block will be having a block leader whom will be monitoring the
conditions and dilemmas of each housing unit.
Also, included in the scheme was the provision of recreational parks cluttered
within the vicinity. But, a main open park will be located at the center which will offer
playing, picnic, and recreation ground for all the dwellers, sharing values of
stewardship, accountability, and community spirit in daily life. This space will enhance
familial and societal relations all throughout the community. Basketball, volleyball, and
other playing courts can also be found within the area, alleviating physical and mental
health.
Another principal concept of the community housing project is the inclusion of a
livelihood center. Provision of such establishment will help the dwellers intensify their
income as it will offer varied livelihood programs. The center has facilities to
accommodate innovators as to how are the by-products of different agricultural
produce can be turned into a new usable forms. Production areas, display area,
storage rooms, selling area and pick-up platform for future buyers and retailers must
be provided in the center.
Along with the community housing project was a Community Center which
functions as the hub for a life-filled neighborhoods. The Center will provide
opportunities for pre-school education, medical care, dental care and livelihood
training that will break the cycle of poverty, not only for individual families, but for the
entire community.

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 Other establishments include commercial shops and a public market. There will
also be vegetable and fruit gardens, as well as vermicomposting and material recovery
facilities.
The housing project has its main concept of improved community in terms housing
units’ ownership, security of tenure, peaceful, cleaner & greener environment,
enhanced leadership & entrepreneurial skills, and alleviated familial & community
relationships through community facilities and components. The proposed project will
encourage dwellers to learn the art of working together towards a common goal of a
strong, healthy, productive future for themselves, their families and each other.

II. SITE ANALYSIS

The site is located at San Juan, Darius street, Candon City. It is 0.60km away
from the National road, 3.80 km away from the sea, 1.60km away from Candon
national High School, 1.32km away from Four Brother’s Grocery, 702.32m from
Bagani Ubbog Elementary School, 733.24m away from San Juan De Sahagun Parish,
994.49m from the Central Business District, 21.30km away from North Luzon
Philippines State College, 1.82km away from Candon City Hospital, and 3.96km away
from the Candon City Hall. The site has an area of 57,585.62 sqm. It is 9m above sea-
level. The wind has an average speed of 0-7km/h of southwest during daytime and 0-
4km/h of north east during night time since it is an open field. The climate is generally
dry that usually occurs from the months of October to May. The southernmost portion
of Candon City is observed to be humid and rain is evenly distributed throughout the
year while the eastern part is dry with rain not sufficiently distributed. August has the
most rainfall while January and February have the least.
San Juan's climate where the Site is located classified as tropical. This climate
is considered to be Aw according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. In San
Juan, the average annual temperature is 27.0 °C. The rainfall has an average of 2323
mm. The site has a moderate seasonal flooding and has 0-3% level to gently sloping.
The soil type of the site was identified as loam soil, a mixture of soil that is the ideal
plant-growing medium. It is actually a combination soil, normally equal parts of clay,
silt, and sand.

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 Figure 23. Average Humidity Over the Year

Figure 24. Average Monthly Rainy Days Over the Year

AVERAGE WIIND
Figure 25. SPEEDWind
Average OVERSpeed
THE YEAR
Over the Year

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III. LAND AREA
The total land area of the proposed community housing project is 57,585.62 square
meters. Originally, the existing land area for the city’s housing plan is only 6,487.278
square meters which is divided into 70 saleable lots. The minimum lot area is 84 sq.
m. and the maximum is 140 sq. m.
To address the increasing needs for shelter and accommodate some of those
informal settlers mostly in slum areas, the researchers planned to expand the existing
land area. The proposed lot could now cater 378 housing units, as well as community
facilities and recreational parks. 58% of the lot area would be allotted for saleable
lands which comprises the residential housing development. The remaining 42%, non-
saleable lots, will be allocated for circulation/ road networks, parks and playgrounds,
and community facilities such as day care center, multi-purpose hall, livelihood center,
and health facilities.

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