Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Through a receptive contact with the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology as well as
the inmates of the Tacloban City Jail, the following results were collected to further substantiate
the discussions on the study:

Basic Needs

The following figures illustrates the satisfaction rate of both female and male inmates
towards food and water conducted by the researchers in the two dormitories in the Tacloban City
Jail.

Figure 4. Satisfaction Rate for Food and Water – Male Dorm

Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

The figure shows that majority of the male inmates are not satisfied on the provision of
food in Tacloban City Jail. It was stated in the previous chapters that the national budget for each
prisoner is only ₱60 (sixty pesos). So on the jail administration defense, they admitted that the
provision on food in Tacloban City Jail is not sufficient to provide 800 prisoners when the
capacity of the jail can only provide 200. They also stipulated that they need to make financial
arrangements so that the ₱60 (sixty pesos) budget for each prisoner will suffice every day. The
jail administration said that they provide food and they cooperate with the prisoners when there
is a major celebration or event in Tacloban Jail. Examples of these events are Christmas, New
Year, Jail Anniversary, National Correctional Conscious Week (NACOCOW) etc.
Based on the study, some of the inmates only rely on their “dalaw” or the people who
visit them in prison to provide them adequate food. As a result, the inmates asked for
improvement if the jail can serve them fruits and vegetables and if they can ration their food 3
times a day.

Figure 5. Satisfaction Rate for Food and Water – Female Dorm

Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

On the other hand, majority of the female inmates are satisfied on the provision of food in
Tacloban City Jail. Since the female inmates are only 60, the jail administration can provide
them adequate supply of food. In addition to that, the female dorm has numerous service
providers. Since the service providers can accommodate the needs of the female than male
inmates, mainly because of a lesser population, they tend to prioritize the female dormitory.
 Figure 6. Satisfaction Rate for Water

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Male Female
Satisfied 26.92% 85.71%
Fairly Satisfied 27.69% 14.29%
Neither Dissatisified nor Satisfied 21.54% 0%
Fairly Dissatisfied 11.54% 0%
Dissatisfied 12.31% 0%

Dissatisfied Fairly Dissatisfied Neither Dissatisified nor Satisfied Fairly Satisfied Satisfied

Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

The figure above illustrates the difference of the situation in terms of provision of water
on female and male dormitories. On the male dormitory, though majority of the respondents are
satisfied on the provision of water, the variety of answers shows that there is a need of
improvement in this area. It was evident during the conduct of the study that some of the male
inmate respondents answered that their drinking water is fine because it came from NAWASA
(National Water & Sewerage Authority) but their everyday usage like for taking a bath or for
going to the bathroom is not that adequate. Some of the inmates get the water from the rain that
they store or from a well which they claimed unclean.
The jail administration stated the ration of water from NAWASA is not consistent.
Sometimes there is a strong flow of water in the Tacloban City Jail, sometimes there is none.
Since NAWASA is used by the whole city of Tacloban, they do not have any control on that
factor.
However, on the female dormitory, provision of water is not that problematic. As stated
earlier, the jail for female is not that congested, hence, the female inmates claimed that they have
enough water for everyday use.
On the provision on personal hygiene as part of the basic needs

During conduct of the research, it was found out that inmates only depend on the
“biyaya” or the support given by the service providers in terms of the clothing and on the supply
for personal hygiene. Although on the provision of basic needs of inmates, the personal hygiene
is included, the BJMP Tacloban does not provide any personal hygiene thus, there is no basis on
the satisfaction if there are nothing offered to inmates.
Furthermore, the “biyaya” for the male dormitory that are provided by NGO’s, GO’s and
other agencies are not sufficient for all of them. Some of the male inmates did not receive any
“biyaya” ever since they got convicted and some of them share soap and other hygienic things.
With regards on maintaining their physical appearance, it is in the inmates’ discretion if they
want to cut their hair or shave their beards. The one who cuts inmates hairs are also inmates who
enrolled in a livelihood program that the jail administration provided or an agency who
collaborated with them. On the case of the female inmates, it is not a problem because there are
many benefactors and agencies that are helping or visiting them.
The jail administration claims that the reason why many benefactors are visiting at the
female dormitory than the male dormitory is that some benefactors are actually scared to visit the
male dormitory. Also, some sponsors can only accommodate a few inmates that is why they
prefer and prioritize to go to female dormitory.

On the provision of health care/medicine as a part of basic needs

The current situation in terms of health care of inmates in the Tacloban City Jail is not
that advanced. Even before the operation “TOKHANG” of the currently elected president
Rodrigo Duterte started, the population especially on the male dormitory is already congested. It
is because of the delayed cases of inmates, slow procedure of the justice system of the
Philippines, recidivism of inmates and other factors. Since the jail is congested, 25-40 inmates
are sharing a small space that can only accommodate 8-10 inmates. Hence, if someone got
cough, cold or sick, the disease can easily spread among inmates. Based on the study, skin
diseases like skin rashes are the common disease found in Tacloban City Jail. There is an
infirmary that an inmate can go if someone got sick but based on the researchers’ interview, the
medicines available in the infirmary are limited. There is a nurse that can accommodate inmates
only if the disease is categorized and belonged to minor cases like fever, diarrhea, cough or cold
but if the disease of an inmate gets worse, he/she needs a doctor and proper medication, hence,
the inmate needs to arranged a paper for release to go to the hospital.

On the provision of clothing as a part of basic needs

The yellow shirts that are worn by inmates both in the male and female dormitories serve
as a uniform to straightaway and promptly identify the prisoners. However, there is actually no
provision of yellow shirts coming from the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology to the
inmates. The inmates depend solely on the service providers for “biyaya” or from their visiting
relatives. However, these service providers and visitors cannot The following are the number of
allowable properties that are strictly imposed to the inmates by the BJMP.

Table 3. Allowable Number of Properties

Maximum Allowable Quantity

Items
Male Female
1 Shirt/Blouse (yellow shirt included) /sando 10 10
2 Long pants/skirts 3 3
3 Short pants 4 4
4 Brief/Panty 7 7
5 Brassiere - 7
6 Socks 2 pairs 2 pairs
7 Rubber/leather shoes 1 pair 1 pair
8 Slippers/Sandals 1 pair 1 pair
Source: BJMP Manual 2015

The maximum number of allowable properties is designed in order that the items will not
occupy the entire space of the cell. Given the situation of jail congestion in most corrective
sanctuaries, additional belongings of the inmates will mean a reduction in floor space and resting
area. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology monitors the number of items that inmates
own from the moment it has been handed over by the inmates’ relatives or by the service
providers which donated the same.

Living/Sleeping Quarters

The following figures and tables are substantial information on the satisfaction level of
inmates to their living or sleeping quarters:

Figure 7. Satisfaction Rate for Ventilation

100.000%
90.000%
80.000%
70.000%
60.000%
50.000%
40.000%
30.000%
20.000%
10.000%
0.000%
Male Female
Satisfied 19.231% 71.43%
Fairly Satisfied 14.615% 28.57%
Neither D Nor S 34.615% 0.00%
Fairly Dissatisfied 12.308% 0.00%
Dissatisfied 19.231% 0.00%

Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

So far, the Tacloban City Jail is equipped with exhaust and ceiling fans that help lessen
the level of heat inside the prison cell. Based on the data above, results show that there is an
unsubtle similarity in the number of respondents who declared satisfaction and dissatisfaction on
the ventilation of prison cells in the Tacloban City Jail – Male Dormitory. The main factor that
led to this result was the categorization of inmates into different “pangkat” which resulted to
them being . These pangkat(s) are the neighbourhoods of the incarcerated inside the city jail –
there is Batang Samar-Leyte (BSL) which is located at the lower ground while the Batang City
Jail (BCJ) are located in the upper area of the said jail. Basing on the altitude alone, the air
temperature in the Batang City Jail area is naturally and habitably cooler compared to the
territory of the Batang Samar-Leyte. This is also in unison with existing scientific studies
confirming high altitudes to be cooler than low ones. The data above is also a result of
impartially interrogating inmates from both pangkat(s). While there are inmates who
equivalently acknowledged satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction, there are also those who
objectively spoke about the ventilation being somehow dependent to climate and weather
conditions.

On the other hand, the female inmates show a very overwhelming satisfaction rate for
ventilation compared to the male inmates. First, this is because there are sufficient number of
electric fans that counterbalance the number of inmates that are occupying a single cell. These
fans are provided by the BJMP as well as the service providers which help in the corrective
process of the inmates. Furthermore, the windows in each cell in the female dorm really help
lessen the amount of heat present inside. It is also obvious that the number of inmates living in a
single cell is not as crowded as in the male dormitory. This is an evident result of the
interactional effects of temperature and population density. Further discussion on Tacloban City
Jail’s population of inmates is expounded on page __.

Figure 8. Satisfaction Rate for Beddings

100.000%
90.000%
80.000%
70.000%
60.000%
50.000%
40.000%
30.000%
20.000%
10.000%
0.000%
Male Female
Satisfied 2.679% 71.43%
Fairly Satisfied 2.679% 0.00%
Neither D Nor S 8.929% 28.57%
Fairly Dissatisfied 10.714% 0.00%
Dissatisfied 75.000% 0.00%

Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail

A very indisputable dissatisfaction rate was acquired for the Beddings category in the
living condition area of the study. This boils down to inmates relying only the acquirement of
bedding materials to service providers and their personal visitors. The Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology have no provisions of good bedding materials such as bed, blanket,
mat, pillows, and the like. Most of the inmates already sleep on the ground with plywood as an
understructure while some of them sleep in their individualized and improvised swings. Many
inmates wish that they should have at least bamboo beds to be able to rest peacefully at night.
However, there seemed to have no more space for additional beds as even without the same, they
could hardly even move at night.

The situation is not entirely the same in the female dormitory. Compared to the male
dorm, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology has adapted a homey and more convenient
sleeping bunks for the female incarcerated. Each room in the female dormitory is occupied by
three double decks and inmates can peacefully do their nap or sleep at night. Although there are
still some who are unlucky enough to occupy a deck, somehow they can still be considered
fortunate for even if they sleep on the ground, they are still provided with foam mattresses which
is undeniably more comforting and relaxing compared to a plywood. Also, the reason why there
is a high satisfaction rating for beddings in the female dormitory is because of the service
providers who grant charitable donations or “biyaya” to the inmates. Because of a smaller
population in the said dormitory, service providers are able to reach out to every one of them
compared to the opposite dormitory.

Figure 9. Satisfaction Rate for Cell Population

100.000%
80.000%
60.000%
40.000%
20.000%
0.000%
Male Female
Satisfied 14.729% 28.57%
Fairly Satisfied 9.302% 14.29%
Neither D Nor S 24.031% 28.57%
Fairly Dissatisfied 9.302% 14.29%
Dissatisfied 41.085% 14.29%

Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

Congestion is undeniably a problem in the Tacloban City Jail – Male Dormitory. Based
on the study, the male inmates are dissatisfied with the number of co-prisoners forcibly
compressed in a single cell just to shelter everyone. With an original capacity of only 150
inmates, the male dormitory reaches 800 plus and counting population as of April 2017. This is
an overwhelming increase as the Duterte administration’s “Oplan Tokhang” ultimately
contributed to the sudden increase of inmates’ population. The Tacloban City Jail has the
following data to support this impulsive increase of male inmates:

On the other hand, the female dormitory supposedly can accommodate only thirty (30)
plus inmates. As of April 2017, the female dorm of the Tacloban City Jail reaches to sixty (60)
plus in population. However, this increase is not as problematic compared to the population of
the male inmates. The six (6) available rooms shelter the female inmates well enough. In fact, the
female inmates are living under a humane and hands-on supervision as their number is still very
manageable to administer. The authorities under the female dormitory also want to cultivate and
maintain a perception of jail as more of a home rather than a corrective sanctuary. This is
actually noticeable in how the officers and inmates call their cells as “rooms” and not “selda”.
Furthermore, to add some merriments on their stay, the ladies’ rooms are named after fictional
shows or movies – one apparent sample of which was “Twilight”.

The unfortunate part in the population of inmates is that, overcrowding continues to arise
due to court delays or sluggishness. The civil justice system in the country either takes too long
or costs too much. That is why, the number of inmates being released outside the jail is
absolutely less compared to the number of inmates being sent inside. Thus, a massive upsurge of
inmates is being created.

Livelihood Program

As per the BJMP Program Thrusts for FY 2011, the Bureau is obliged to conduct
development programs for inmates such as livelihood, education and skills training, recreation
and religious activities and health services.1 True to its functions and responsibilities, the IWDP
Officer of the Tacloban City Jail conducted and supported several livelihood projects such as
cookery, origami, fermentation, food processing, handicraft, baking and plumbing. The Bureau

1
Ibid.
also accorded machinery, hair grooming, welding, electrical or wiring, stamp making, key-chain
making, and parol making trainings in partnership with several government organizations (GO)
and non-government organizations (NGO) within the region.2

The livelihood programs accorded by the BJMP to the inmates help the inmates acquire
and develop skills through series of educational trainings in order to prepare them for their
eventual return to their families and society once released. The programs also help the inmates to
earn money that they can use to purchase some of their basic needs. At the same time, it also
helps them to ease the boredom and to avoid vices inside the jail.

Figure 10. Percentage Distribution of Respondents who are Involve in Livelihood Programs

Involved Not Involved

25%

75%

Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

Regardless of the benefits and assistance that an inmate can obtain through the livelihood
programs, a little number of inmates’ population in Tacloban City Jail participated the livelihood
program. It is evident in Figure 1 wherein only 24.66% of the respondents (or 34 out of 138)
participate in livelihood programs while the remaining 75.36% do not partake to any programs
offered by the Bureau due to several underlying reasons. Here are the reasons why the inmates
are not participating the program:3

2
Ibid.
3
Ibid.
 1. Most of the inmates are busy accomplishing their corresponding work assignment
inside the cell such as being the liaison, peacemaker, cook, trustee, and leader.
2. Inmates do not get equal opportunities in availing the program due to the number of
prisoners inhabited in the Tacloban City Jail and limited slots offered by the service
providers.
3. GOs and NGOs offer the same kind of livelihood trainings from time to time that
leads to lack of interest of the inmates.

Table 4. Satisfaction Rate for Livelihood Programs - Male Dormitory

Neither
Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied TOTAL
D Nor S
Usefulness 2.381% 4.762% 14.286% 28.571% 50.000% 100.00%
Income gained 22.500% 15.000% 25.000% 25.000% 10.000% 100.00%
Learning 2.439% 0.000% 19.512% 24.390% 53.659% 100.00%
Enjoyment 2.381% 0.000% 9.524% 26.190% 61.905% 100.00%
Level of
9.524% 2.381% 11.905% 21.429% 54.762% 100.00%
Transformation
Average 7.845% 4.429% 16.045% 25.116% 46.065% 100.00%
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

Nonetheless, 71.181% of the male respondents are satisfied with the livelihood programs
offered by the Bureau since it helps them acquire and develop livelihood skills and at the same
time, it gives them an additional income despite they are behind the bars. However, despite of
the benefits the inmates received from the program there are still 12.274% of inmates who are
dissatisfied with the program. Records show that some of the inmates are dissatisfied with the
program because they cannot perform or execute the skills they have acquired after the training.
The reason behind is that the livelihood program needs to qualify and pass in accordance with
SOP no. 2011-02. In addition, the Tacloban City Jail does not have enough space to execute all
livelihood programs offered by the GOs and NGO s such as electrical or wiring and plumbing.
In line with this, inmates cannot earn money that can help them buy their basic needs inside the
jail and can help them support their family despite they are behind the bars. It is evident in Table
2 where 22.500% are dissatisfied and 15.000% are fairly dissatisfied which leads to a total of
37.500% of dissatisfaction rate under level of income gained by the Tacloban City Jail- male
dormitory.

Table 5. Satisfaction Rate for Livelihood Programs - Female Dormitory

Dissatisfied Fairly Neither Fairly Satisfied TOTAL
Dissatisfied D Nor S Satisfied
Usefulness 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67% 83.33% 100.00%
Income gained 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00% 50.00% 100.00%
Learning 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 33.33% 66.67% 100.00%
Enjoyment 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 66.67% 33.33% 100.00%
Level of 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67% 83.33% 100.00%
Transformation
AVERAGE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 36.67% 63.33% 100.00%
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

Of the 7 respondent from the female dormitory, 83.33% are satisfied and 16.67% are
fairly satisfied with the livelihood programs offered by the Bureau since a lot of private and
public agencies render livelihood programs from time to time which leads to a satisfactory rate
for the livelihood program of the female dormitory.

Implementation of BJMP Standard Operating Procedure under Livelihood Programs

The Philippine Government established standard operating procedures in reviewing the

livelihood program administered by the BJMP. The Bureau is obliged to perform the detailed
and systematic techniques properly in accordance with the standard operating procedure of the
livelihood program.

In its continuing pursuit of providing excellent services, the Tacloban City Jail follows
the prescribe standard operating procedures in the selection, disbursement of funds, monitoring,
and evaluation of livelihood projects. The Tacloban City Jail also meets the basic guidelines of
livelihood programs under the Inmates Pre-reintegration System. Below is the Basic Guidelines
of Livelihood Program.4

4
Ibid.
 Table 6. Do’s and Don’t’s for Livelihood Program
Livelihood and Income Generating Services and Activities

DOs Don’ts

 Identify programs that are productive  Allow activities to overlap.

and doable inside jails
 Screen and classify inmates according
to skills and interest
 Identify market for their products  Jeopardize jail security.
 Ensure quality control over the
products
 Provide compensation for inmates  Allow bladed instruments.
 Provide proper scheduling of livelihood
activities
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

Educational and Vocational Programs

People who are being incarcerated have different educational backgrounds. It is here that
no matter what your educational attainment is, so long as you are an offender of the law, you will
be put behind bars. Through the course of this research, the researchers encountered different
inmates with different educational attainments as presented below.

Table 7. Educational Attainments of Inmates

Highest Educational Attainment

Elementary 50

High-School 51

College Undergraduate 20

College Graduate 15

Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

 For the Tacloban City Jail, out of the 136 inmate respondents, 50 out of the 136 inmates
are elementary graduates, some did not even finish grade six. Fifty-one (51) or 37.5 % of the
respondents are high school graduates and the rest of them are college graduates and/or college
undergraduates. To top it all, a larger number of the inmates are either elementary or high school
graduates.

Looking for a living is a primary need for every bread winner of the family. It is the
parents’ role to provide the needs of their family and looking for a job nowadays is very crucial
especially that the working environment is becoming more and more competitive. So at times,
the only way for you to survive in this kind of environment is to have a college degree or at the
very least have a bit of education.

With this situation, it can be inferred to that this might be the cause of the great
percentage of inmates who are elementary and high school graduates. Practically speaking, it is
hard to find a sustainable and stable job if you are either an elementary or high school graduate.
Given the fact that these incarcerated people have stomachs to feed, some just go with the
shortcut in earning a living. And we all know that nothing comes easy unless it is illegal which is
what happens to these inmates. Most of them relies on drugs which we all know that in one sale
of a small gram of illegal drugs, can give a big amount of money. With this, people who are
struggling in life, especially financially, tends to be attracted with this.

Department of Education Office VIII in coordination with the Tacloban City Jail
implements the Alternative Learning System (ALS). This program focuses more on basic
education for those who were not able to go to school for some reason. So ALS caters those who
were not able to finish elementary and high school education. As presented in Table 7, about
74% of the inmates should really be enrolled in the Alternative Learning System (ALS).

Throughout this research, of the all the respondents asked, only 37% of the inmates
attended or enrolled in the Alternative Learning System (ALS) which only accounts for about
50% of those who should really be enrolled in the program.

When asked why they did not attend or enroll in the said program, some were not
interested or who feels lazy in enrolling or participating in the first place. Some said that they
have a lot of responsibilities (e.g. kitchen staff). Some just feel ashamed in participating in the
said program but some said that they were just new there. That during their stay there, they were
not able to enroll. For others, they did not enroll since they are already college graduates and
makes it unnecessary for them to enroll in the said program.

Aside from the basic education that should be provided to the inmates, it is also
mandatory for the BJMP to provide Vocational Trainings. Our research shows that the Tacloban
City Jail in connection with some government and non-government agencies, mostly TESDA,
that they have offered Vocational courses such as plumbing, cookery, food processing, electrical
and hair cutting.

With this, only about 21% of the total respondents attended or have attended the said
Vocational programs. Being lazy or not being interested at all was one of the main reasons for
not attending. Some were also new and some, again, has responsibilities inside the jail.

Talking about satisfaction level, the inmates were asked if how satisfied or dissatisfied
are the inmates with the educational and vocational programs inside the Tacloban City Jail.

Table 8. Satisfaction Rate for Educational and Vocational Programs – Male Dormitory
Dissatisfied Fairly Neither D Fairly Satisfied
TOTAL
Dissatisfied Nor S Satisfied
Usefulness 4.167% 2.778% 8.333% 23.611% 61.111% 100%
Learning 2.817% 7.042% 14.085% 32.394% 43.662% 100%
Enjoyment 1.408% 5.634% 11.268% 22.535% 59.155% 100%
Level of 6.944% 1.389% 9.722% 18.056% 63.889% 100%
Transformation
Average 3.834% 4.211% 10.852% 24.149% 56.954% 100%
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

With the data presented above, on average, 56.95% of the inmates in the male dormitory
are satisfied with educational and vocational programs in the Tacloban City Jail. This number
might be high but with the remaining percentages, especially the 3.83% that are dissatisfied,
there might be something with the programs that needs improvement. The inmates said that there
are not enough vocational programs inside the jail. Given the population of the inmates, it is hard
to accommodate them all. This may account to the 3% dissatisfaction of the inmates. The only
formal educational program given in the Tacloban City Jail is the ALS and this only caters the
elementary and high school graduates so those who are college undergraduates and graduates
tend not to attend these programs.

Table 9. Satisfaction Rate for Educational and Vocational Programs – Female Dormitory
Dissatisfied Fairly Neither D Fairly Satisfied
TOTAL
Dissatisfied Nor S Satisfied
Usefulness 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Learning 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00% 50.00% 100.00%
Enjoyment 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00% 50.00% 100.00%
Level of 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00% 50.00% 100.00%
Transformation
Average 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 37.50% 62.50% 100.00%
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

On the other hand, it is crystal clear that the execution of educational and vocational
programs in the female dorm provides a very positive impact for the inmates. By looking at the
total satisfaction average alone, a perfect rating of 100% means that the inmates have found
usefulness, learning, joy, and transformation in the said area of the Inmates Welfare and
Development.

Sports and Recreational Activities

The Sports and Recreational program is one of the existing programs of Tacloban City
Jail. This area of the IWDP programs aims to help in decreasing levels of stress and violence
within the jail and which inmates are no longer confined to their cells the whole day. The
following table present the satisfaction level of inmates for the sports and recreational activities
in the Tacloban City Jail.
 Table 10. Satisfaction Rate for Sports and Recreation – Male Dormitory
Dissatisfied Fairly Neither D Fairly Satisfied
TOTAL
Dissatisfied Nor S Satisfied
Usefulness 1.613% 5.645% 22.581% 25.806% 44.355% 100.00%
Learning 3.226% 4.839% 22.581% 29.032% 40.323% 100.00%
Enjoyment 4.839% 5.645% 13.710% 22.581% 53.226% 100.00%
Level of 4.032% 2.419% 14.516% 20.968% 58.065% 100.00%
Transformation
Average 3.427% 4.637% 18.347% 24.597% 48.992% 100.00%
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

Table 11. Satisfaction Rate for Sports and Recreation – Female Dormitory
Dissatisfied Fairly Neither D Fairly Satisfied
TOTAL
Dissatisfied Nor S Satisfied
Usefulness 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 28.57% 71.43% 100.00%
Learning 0.00% 0.00% 14.29% 14.29% 71.43% 100.00%
Enjoyment 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 14.29% 85.71% 100.00%
Level of 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 28.57% 71.43% 100.00%
Transformation
Average 0.00% 0.00% 3.57% 21.43% 75.00% 100.00%
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

The tables above indicate that respondents are satisfied with the sports and recreation
programs given by the Bureau since it helps the inmates maintain and improve their general
wellness and build camaraderie among the other inmates. This is considered as a high rating in
the assessment of the said area in the IWD Program. It appears that the said area really helps the
inmates promote self-confidence, positive use of leisure time both during inside the jail and after
release and improve their social interaction with their co-inmates.

According to the respondents of the study, every 6 a.m. the inmates do their morning
exercises like dancing and running around the corners of the jail’s basketball court. After which,
they do their assigned chores, attend classes and entertain their visitors then at 4p.m. they can
resume to their recreational activities such as reading the bible, novels and newspapers,
watching television, playing guitar, and playing the sport they like. Moreover, the inmates can do
their calisthenics on Mondays since visitors are not allowed to visit the inmates on that day.5

In the Male Dormitory, basketball, volleyball, chess, billiard, table tennis, and dart are the
only allowed and available sports they can play inside the vicinity. Also, every April and
October, as the male inmates celebrates their anniversaries, the inmates initiate to organize
basketball league and other tournaments to make the celebration more exciting and entertaining.
They also held discos and sing-alongs for music lovers and musically-inclined inmates.
Meanwhile, in the female dormitory, they do almost the same of what male inmates do like
dancing Zumba, watching T.V. reading the bible, and the like. However, playing of outdoor
games have been temporarily thrown over due to constitutive security purposes.

Religious or Spiritual Services

The Religious or Spiritual Services that are present in the two dormitories of Tacloban
City Jail may be the least problematic area of the IWDP. The satisfaction of the inmates on the
said area of IWDP is reflected in the following tables:
Table 12. Satisfaction Rate for Religious or Spiritual Services – Male Dormitory
VI. Religious or Dissatisfied Fairly Neither D Fairly Satisfied TOTAL
Spiritual Activity Dissatisfied Nor S Satisfied
Usefulness 2.344% 0.781% 9.375% 15.625% 71.875% 100%
Knowing God deeply 0.781% 1.563% 10.938% 12.500% 74.219% 100%
Enjoyment 0.781% 0.781% 13.281% 14.844% 70.313% 100%
Transformation 1.563% 2.344% 12.500% 10.938% 72.656% 100%
Average 1.37% 1.37% 11.52% 13.48% 72.27% 100%
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.
Table 13. Satisfaction Rate for Religious or Spiritual Services – Male Dormitory
VI. Religious or Dissatisfied Fairly Neither D Fairly Satisfied TOTAL
Spiritual Activity Dissatisfied Nor S Satisfied
Usefulness 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Knowing God deeply 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 14.29% 85.71% 100.00%
Enjoyment 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Transformation 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Average 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.57% 96.43% 100.00%
Source: Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.

5
Personal Interview. (2017). Tacloban City Jail.
 Activities in this area of IWDP include Mass every Friday, confession once a year, Bible
study every 2am & Fridays, and daily rosary. They also conduct a group-discussion called
“Gawain” where they get to talk about life, faith, and God. Inmates are highly encouraged to
attend these kind of activities and for them, the religious services totally helps in achieving
transformation and a changed life. The rationalization as to why inmates are enticed to attend the
religious activities in the Tacloban City Jail is because they have the reward in mind that through
these, they will be able to know God, to hear from God, to acquire a change of life, and to be
able to differentiate right from wrong doings. Also, as a way of encouragement, the religious and
spiritual activities are also being used by the BJMP to lessen the sentences of manifestly
transformed inmates by month/s. Regular and full-time service providers in the said area are
religious congregations from the Catholic Church, Born-again Christian, and Iglesia ni Cristo.
This is in conformance with the Nelson Mandela rules which states that “If the prison contains a
sufficient number of prisoners of the same religion, a qualified representative of that religion
shall be appointed or approved”.6 On the other hand, the inmates demanded certain
developments that they wish to see or experience inside the jail. They mentioned that inmates
should be more encouraged to attend in these activities as it is very helpful in the transformation
process of inmates and testimonies coming from other inmates show that results are very
impressive. Furthermore, they are hoping that there will be more service providers coming in.

6
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules), p.13
www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/TreatmentOfPrisoners.aspx