Contents

Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4
Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................... 5
Task 1 .................................................................................................................................... 6
LO1. Understand the function of computer system ........................................................ 6
Task 1.1 ................................................................................................................................. 6
Computer types and computer Environment ....................................................................... 6
Super Computer ............................................................................................................... 6
Mainframe Computers ..................................................................................................... 7
Mini Computers ................................................................................................................ 8
Micro Computers .............................................................................................................. 9
Computer Environments ................................................................................................... 10
Computers at home ........................................................................................................ 10
Computers at Network ................................................................................................... 11
Computers at Gaming .................................................................................................... 11
Computers at Business ................................................................................................. 12
Suitable Decision ............................................................................................................... 12
Task 1.2 ............................................................................................................................... 13
Hardware Components ......................................................................................................... 13
Input Devices .......................................................................................................................... 14
Mouse ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Keyboard ................................................................................................................................. 15
Scanners ................................................................................................................................. 16
Webcam .................................................................................................................................. 17
Output devices ....................................................................................................................... 18
Monitors .................................................................................................................................. 18
Printers .................................................................................................................................... 20
Speakers ................................................................................................................................. 21
Video card ............................................................................................................................... 22
Motherboard ........................................................................................................................... 23
CPU .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Memory ................................................................................................................................... 25
Hard disk drive ....................................................................................................................... 27
UPS (Uninterruptible Power supply) ................................................................................... 27
Computer Trouble Shooting ................................................................................................. 29
How to solve the Hardware Problem ................................................................................... 29
Hardware Tools ...................................................................................................................... 29
Task 2 .................................................................................................................................. 30
LO2. Be able to design computer system ....................................................................... 30
Task 2.1 ............................................................................................................................... 30
Requirement analysis document ..................................................................................... 30
Purpose............................................................................................................................ 30
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 30
Current System ............................................................................................................... 30
Overview .......................................................................................................................... 30
Functional Requirements .............................................................................................. 30
Non-functional Requirements ....................................................................................... 31
Task 2.2 ............................................................................................................................... 32
The Best System for the Access Lab .............................................................................. 32
Task 3 .................................................................................................................................. 33
LO3. Be able to build and configure computer system ................................................. 33
Task 3.1 ............................................................................................................................... 33
Generated Report ............................................................................................................... 33
Assembling a desktop computer ......................................................................................... 33
Dis-Assembling a desktop computer .................................................................................. 34
Password Policies .......................................................................................................... 35
Basic Steps of Password Requirements ..................................................................... 35
Basic Password Protections ......................................................................................... 36
Health & Safety policy ........................................................................................................... 37
Electric shock......................................................................................................................... 37
Sharp Edges ........................................................................................................................... 37
Connections ........................................................................................................................... 38
Cleaning .................................................................................................................................. 38
Anti – Static ............................................................................................................................ 38
Task 3.2 ............................................................................................................................... 39
Test report for the lab ........................................................................................................ 39
Task 4 .................................................................................................................................. 40
LO4. Be able to undertake routine maintenance on computer system ....................... 40
Task 4.1 ............................................................................................................................... 40
Task 4.2 ............................................................................................................................... 41

C.I.M.ASWEER 2
 Upgrade Hardware and Software ..................................................................................... 41
Step 1 ............................................................................................................................... 41
Step 2 ............................................................................................................................... 41
Step 3 ............................................................................................................................... 42
Justification of Upgrading OS ...................................................................................... 42
Use of Upgrading Hardware.............................................................................................. 42
Justification of upgrading hardware ................................................................................... 43
Adobe software updates ................................................................................................... 43
Justification of software upgrade................................................................................. 43
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................. 44
Figure of Pictures .................................................................................................................. 45
Table ........................................................................................................................................ 46

C.I.M.ASWEER 3
 Introduction
This is my official Computer System Development (CSD) assignment. This is include
my Hardware and software Skills details. All the tasks which is in this assignment it’s
include my skills.
This assignment has given me the best understanding. How to use my skills in my
career. CSD subject is the important subject to the IT students and Non IT students.
This assignment will show my skills how I used them in it.
TO become a world wanted engineer we must gain a very best knowledge from this
subject, and this assignment contains much useful this and what the best tools,
methods, ways and ideas that we should follow and gain much.
A computer system is made up of both hardware and software. Software is another
term for computer program. Software controls the computer and makes it do useful
work. Without software a computer is useless, akin to a car without someone to drive
it. Hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system.
These include the computer's processor, memory, monitor, keyboard, mouse, disk
drive, and printer and so on. In these notes we take a brief look at the functions of the
different hardware components. In addition we describe the some of the essential
software required for the operation of a computer system.

C.I.M.ASWEER 4
 Acknowledgement
In performing my assignment, it's a successful one I had to take the help and guideline
of some respected persons. First of all I am grateful to Allah who gives me sound,
mind & health to accomplish my assignment and my parents. The completion of the
report gives me much Pleasure. But it is not my credit in this attempt. I would like to
thank my Assessor: Mr. Tharshananth K for offering his precious time, continuous
help and support regarding this assignment for its success. My heartfelt of gratitude
goes to you for helping me at every step with necessary guidance and giving me a
good guideline for my assignment.

I would like to thank my friends. Lastly I would like to deliver my whole hearted thanks
to all the CSD BATCH students, BCAS for their friendly cooperation. Actually it was
not possible for me to complete this several task without such help. So I pray the long
life and good health for all the persons who have helped and co-operated me in my
assignment.

C.I.M.ASWEER 5
Task 1
LO1. Understand the function of computer system
Task 1.1

Computer types and computer Environment

There are many different types of computers available today. Since the advent of the first
computer different types and sizes of computers are offering different services. Computers
can be as big as occupying a large building and as small as a laptop or a microcontroller in
mobile & embedded systems. The four basic types of computers are.

1. SUPER COMPUTER
2. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
3. MINI COMPUTER
4. MICRO COMPUTER

Super Computer

Supercomputers are one of the most powerful computers in terms of performance and data
processing. Super computers has the capable of giving very speedy calculations. it is because
of that high speed processing ability. These are specialized and task specific computers used
by large organizations. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like
NASA uses supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space
exploration purpose.

Figure 1 Super Computer

C.I.M.ASWEER 6
Mainframe Computers

Mainframes are computers that are the most bulky types and with the advancement of
technology. Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers, but certainly they are quite
expensive nonetheless. Mainframe computer systems can be called the predecessor of
servers because they could actually support multi users though as efficiently as the servers.
The Mainframe computers can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms because of
its size.
Super-computers are the fastest computers with large data storage capacity, Mainframes can
also process & store large amount of data. Banks educational institutions & insurance
companies use mainframe computers to store data about their customers, students &
insurance policy holders.

Figure 2Mainframe Computer

C.I.M.ASWEER 7
Mini Computers

Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called as
“Midrange Computers”. Mini computers like the mainframe computers are used by business
organization. The difference being that it can support the simultaneous working of up to 100
users and is usually maintained in business organizations for the maintenance of accounts
and finances.
These are small machines and can be accommodated on a disk with not as processing and
data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes. These computers are not
designed for a single user. Individual departments of a large company or organizations use
Mini-computers for specific purposes.

Figure 3 Mini Computer

C.I.M.ASWEER 8
Micro Computers

These are the most frequently used computers better known by the name of "Personal
computers". Laptops, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablets & smartphones are all types of
microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely used & the fastest growing computers.
These computers are the cheapest among the other three types of computers. The Micro-
computers are specially designed for general usage like entertainment, education and work
purposes.

Figure 4 Micro Computers

C.I.M.ASWEER 9
Computer Environments
Computer environments is the place where we are using the computers. This places based
on your needs of computer using. In this task I have to find an environment related to Access
workers. I have found some of the environments below.
1. Computers at Home
2. Computers at Network
3. Computers at Games
4. Computers at Business

Computers at home
Since the use of home computers have adapted so much to our everyday lives, there are just
too many uses to adequately list all of them. People can use computers to learn, to complete
their work at home, to brows internet and do many more rather than at the office or other
places.

Figure 5 Computers at Home

C.I.M.ASWEER 10
Computers at Network
Computers at network is basically uses in office. Because they want to sharing files between
computers. Not only the file they will share photos, music files, and documents and many
more.

Figure 6 Computers at Network

Computers at Gaming
Nowadays the next generation games are releasing. These type of games attracting child to
adult people. If we want to play games we definitely need a high performance computers.

Figure 7 Computers at Gaming

C.I.M.ASWEER 11
Computers at Business
Businesses use a variety of different types of computers such as desktops, laptops, servers,
smartphones and tablets, depending on their needs. With computers, employees are able to
work anytime, anywhere.

Figure 8 Computers at Business

Suitable Decision
Computer type
I recommend micro computers for the Access lab. Because The Microcomputers provide a
quick, easy and convenient way for members/students of the campus community to access
computer and Internet services and we can buy the computers at lower prices than other
computer types.
Computer Environment
I recommend home environment for the Access lab. Because usually gaming and home
computers having high performance system. For the editing of video and games we need high
performance computers. So the Access students can easily develop games, edit videos and
can do whatever they want.

C.I.M.ASWEER 12
Task 1.2
Computer Hardware

C
omputer hardware is all about physical components that are needed to make a
computer. This includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Figure 9# Computer
Hardware Components
1. Input Devices
A keyboard and mouse are the standard way to interact with the computer. Other
devices include joysticks and game pads.

2. Output Devices
The monitor is how the computer sends information back to you. A printer is also an
output device

C.I.M.ASWEER 13
Input Devices
Mouse
 Used to ‘Drive’ Microsoft Windows
 A mouse is the most widely used pointing device with a GUI environment on personal
computers. A mechanical mouse has a rubber ball on its underside to detect movement
of the mouse. An optical mouse uses devices that emit and sense light to detect the
mouse's movement. A cordless mouse (either mechanical or optical) transmits data using
wireless technology such as radio waves or infrared light waves.

Figure 12# Mechanical Mouse Figure 11# Optical Mouse Figure 10# Wireless Mouse

Advantages of using a mouse include

 A mouse is user-friendly for computer beginners.
 A mouse is easy and convenient to use with a graphical user interface.
 Using a mouse to select items or move to a particular position on the
 Screen is faster than using a keyboard.

Disadvantages of using a mouse include

 It is not easy and convenient to input text with a mouse.
 Issuing commands by using a mouse is slower than by using a keyboard.
 A mouse is not accurate enough for drawings that require high precision.
 A mouse usually requires a flat surface to operate.

Problems and Solution

 Problem with Double Click.
 Going to Control Panel > Mouse > Buttons tab. Change the double click speed

 Mouse Pointer Too Slow or Too Fast.

 Control Panel > Mouse > Pointer Options Tab. Change the pointer speed

 The mouse is not clean

 An optical-mechanical mouse (mouse with a ball) may not work well because the inside of
the mouse is not clean. See our computer cleaning page for steps to remedy this problem.

C.I.M.ASWEER 14
Keyboard
 The keyboard is still the commonest way of entering information into a computer. A
standard computer keyboard is called a QWERTY keyboard because of the layout of its
typing area which is similar to that of
a typewriter.

Figure 13# Keyboard

Advantages of using keyboards for data input include

 It is not necessary to buy additional equipment because most computer systems are
normally supplied with keyboards.
 Entering data and instructions with keyboards is generally faster than with pointing
devices.

Disadvantages of using keyboards for data input include

 It takes a lot of time to practice in order to type quickly and accurately.
 Typing speeds are still very slow when compared with computer speeds.

Problems and Solution

 My Shift, Control, Alter is not working as excepted.
 You might have activated the Sticky Keys accessibility feature. To learn how to disable
Sticky Keys, see Make the keyboard easier to use.
 Some Keys Sticks properly.
 Turn your keyboard upside down and gently shake it.

C.I.M.ASWEER 15
Scanners
 A scanner allows you to scan printed material and convert it into a file format that may be
used within the PC.

Figure 14# Scanner

There are Three Types of Scanners:

 Sheet-fed Scanner
 Photo Scanner
 Handheld Scanner

 Sheet-fed Scanner
 A scanner that allows only paper to be scanned rather than books or other thick objects. It
moves the paper across a stationary scan head.
Figure 15# Sheet-fed Scanner

 Photo Scanner
 An image scanner is a device used to transfer images or text into a computer. There are
special models for scanning photo negatives, or to scan books. In
the computer, the signal from the scanner is transferred to a
digital image.

Figure 16# Photo Scanner

C.I.M.ASWEER 16
 Handheld Scanner
 A scanner that is moved by hand over the material being captured. Handheld scanners
are small and less expensive than their desktop counterparts
but partially rely on the user's dexterity to move the unit across
the paper. Trays are available that keep the scanner moving in
a straight line.

Figure 17# Handheld Scanner

Problems and Solution

 You cannot scan multiple images
 Make sure your application is available to scan multiple images

 The Start button light does not come on

 Make sure the AC adapter is connected to the scanner and the power cord is plugged into
an electrical outlet.

 You cannot scan multiple images

 Position each photo at least an inch (20 mm) apart from adjacent photos.
 Make sure your application is available to scan multiple images.

 You cannot scan from the Automatic Document Feeder

 Make sure either the Office Mode or the Professional Mode is selected in EPSON Scan.
 Make sure ADF is selected as the Document Source in EPSON Scan.
 If the Automatic Document Feeder is open, close it and then try again. If the Automatic
Document Feeder is already open while you are scanning, remove any jammed paper;
reload any document not yet scanned and then restart EPSON Scan.
 Remove the jammed paper. Then reload the document and restart EPSON Scan.

Webcam
 Connected to the Internet to view either still pictures or motion video of a user or other
object. A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in real time to or
through a computer to computer network.

Figure 18# Webcam

Problems and Solution

 USB it’s not reading the webcam, it comes up as, you had a problem with your download
your webcam might not work properly.
 You have to install what is driver for your webcam device.

C.I.M.ASWEER 17
 The software which enables your Webcam to run may not be running properly for some
reason or may have become corrupt. If you still have the software disk you can try to
reinstall from that.

Output devices
Monitors
 A device used for observing, checking, or keeping a continuous record of something. The
monitor comprises the display device, circuitry and an enclosure. Computer monitors were
used for data processing while television receivers were used for entertainment.

 There are three types of monitors:

1. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube )

2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
3. LED (Light Emitting Diode)

1. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

 A CRT monitor is an old style of TV set or computer monitor. Set with large, deep casing.
This type of monitor uses streams of electrons that activate dots or pixels on the screen to
create a full image.

Figure 19# Cathode Ray Tube Monitors

Problems and Solution

 black screen after changing resolution
 Some programs are open that are blocking the desktop you will have to close them from
memory or force a re-boot. When the Desktop is ready.
 Low Screen Resolution
 Upgrading you PC to at least Windows Vista. This is a graphics card issue though.
 No Sound
 Check if the supply voltage for audio amplifier is present, if not check the line.
 If the supply voltage is present, try doing a hum test by touching the input of the audio IC,
refer to the datasheet to find the input pin of the IC. Replace the audio IC if everything is
done.

C.I.M.ASWEER 18
2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
 A monitor that uses LCD technologies rather than the conventional CRT technologies
used by most desktop monitors. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the
crystals to align so that light cannot pass through
them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either
allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.

Figure 20# Liquid Crystal Display

3. LED (Light emitting Diode)

 An LED display is a flat panel display, which uses an array of light-emitting diodes as
a video display. An electronic device that lights up
when electricity is passed through it. LEDs are usually
red. They are good for displaying images because
they can be relatively small, and they do not burn out.
However, they require more power than LCDs.

Figure 21# Light Emitting Diode

Problem and Solutions

 No picture on screen but LED TV still has sound.
 The problem is cause by defective inverter. Replacing inverter will solve the problem.
 Screen flash on and off between 1/2 to a few seconds, but power indicate light stays on
and TV still has sound.
 The problem is cause by defective inverter.
 Power light stays on but no display and sound
 Solutions: The problem is cause by defective Main Board (AD Board) or Power supply
board.
 Screen is half dim and half bright.
 Solutions: The problem is cause by defective LED Panel. It needs to be replace.

C.I.M.ASWEER 19
Printers
 Printer is an output device, which is used to print information on paper.

 There are Two Types of Printers:

1. Impact Printers
2. Non-impact Printers

1. Impact Printers
 A printer is an output device that takes data from a computer and transfers it in the form of
graphics and text on a paper. An impact printer is a type of
printer that operates by striking a metal or plastic head
against an ink ribbon. The ink ribbon is pressed against
the paper, marking the page with the appropriate
character, dot, line, or symbol.

Figure 22# Impact Printer

 Advantages
 Inexpensive
 Widely Used
 Other language characters can be printed

 Disadvantages
 Slow Speed
 Poor Quality

 Non-impact Printers
 A printer that prints without banging a ribbon onto paper. Laser, LED, inkjet, solid ink,
thermal wax transfer and dye sublimation printers are examples of non-impact printers.

Figure 23# Non-impact Printer

C.I.M.ASWEER 20
Problems and solutions
 Printing is too slow
 Add RAM to your printer, if possible. Read "Speed up everything".
 Paper tray is flimsy.
 Sideswipe, it's probably wise to get another model. If the tray is too small for your printing
needs, see if there's a higher-capacity option.
 You get a perfect Finish Empty message, even though you just installed a new cartridge.
 The cartridge is not installed correctly. Remove it and re-install it, making sure it is under
the latches. Press Go to clear the message.
 Printer test page is not work.
 Do a Long Clean on all four color bars to clean both print heads.
 When you remove a tray to add paper while the printer is printing.
 Refill the tray, reinsert it and press go.

Speakers
 A speaker is a term used to describe the user who is giving vocal commands to a
software program. An electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into
sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance.
Synonymous with loudspeaker.

Figure 24# Speakers

Problems and solutions

 The left and right speaker sounds are reversed.
 Check the left speaker is connected to the left speaker output, and the right speaker is
connected to the right speaker output.
 The sound cuts out while the music is playing.
 Use speakers with the correct impedance rating.
 There is a low bass response.
 Check all of the speaker connections for correct polarity.
 The driver isn’t install it.
 We have to install the proper driver pack for sounds.
 Mute is on.
 The lower right-hand side of your desktop screen for a symbol resembling a speaker.

C.I.M.ASWEER 21
Video card
 The video card is the device in a computer that outputs visual information to the monitor.
A video card is an internal circuit board that allows a display device such as a monitor to
display images from the computer.

Figure 25# Video Card

Advantage of using video card include

 Small slim line case Lightweight Various colors available Good design, matches DVD
player many riser cards for AGP and PCI included in package.

Disadvantage of using video card include

 Minimal expandability needs special hardware Sharp case edges Open power supply
some power cables too short No remote control.

Problems and solutions

 The driver isn’t install it.
 We have to install the proper driver pack for VGA.
 The video card is dust.
 We have to clean the video card.
 Reports have large black bands or blacked out pictures
 Un-check Enable Puffers in Application Button>Options>Graphics>OpenGL. Changing
the setting will require re-starting the Germanic product.

C.I.M.ASWEER 22
Motherboard
 A motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computer's
basic circuitry and components. The main circuit board of a microcomputer. The
motherboard contains the
CPU, BIOS, memory, mass
storage interfaces, serial
and parallel ports,
expansion slots collectively,
all these chips that reside on
the motherboard are known
as the motherboard's
chipset.

Figure 26# Motherboard

 ATX Motherboard (NOW)

 Upgradable version of earlier AT motherboard. It’s Like Videos, Sounds and Land area
Network.
 ATX motherboard (OLD)
 Upgrade the motherboard by adding components to the motherboard when need.

Problems and Solution of Motherboard

 Defective power cable.
 Replace cable.
 Defective expansion card.
 Make sure expansion card is secure in expansion socket.
 Memory problem, display card jumpers not set correctly.
 Reboot computer. Re-install memory; make sure that all memory modules are installed in
correct sockets.
 CMOS battery is end up the power.
 We have to replace the CMOS battery.

Advantage of using motherboard card include

 That it provides us with a platform on which we can attach everything we need to make a
computer.
 Easily replace the motherboard.
 Computer needs it to work.
 Cheaper than full ATX board equivalent.
 coming with Bus Master Drivers on floppy disk
Disadvantage of using motherboard card include
 A Windows 8 certified computer that has UEFI and Secure Boot enabled which in turn
makes it hard.
 Would be if you had no motherboard the computer would not work.
 Crowded, lacks some hardcore features like tri-slip or tri-fire.
 No SDRAM support due to HX chipset.

C.I.M.ASWEER 23
CPU
 The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of your computer. It handles all the
instructions you give your computer. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most
important element of a computer system.

Figure 27# CPU

The Main Function of Processor

 Input
 Data Processing
 Data Relocating
 Output

Figure 28# The main function of processor

Problems and Solutions
 System is Dead, no beeps or locks up before POST begins.
 Check all peripheral especially memory and graphics adapter, reseat all boards and
socketed components.
 Improper voltage settings.
 Set motherboard for proper core processor
voltage.
 Wrong CPU clock Multiplier
 Proper jumper setting on motherboard for proper
clock multiplier
 Old Bios and the board is not configured properly.
 Update Bios from the manufacturer. Check manual
and jumper board accordingly to proper bus and
multiplier settings.
 Poor heat dissipation.
 Check CPU fan and replace if necessary with a
higher capacity heat sink. Figure 29# Repairing the CPU problem

C.I.M.ASWEER 24
 Memory
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or
permanently.
 RAM (Random Access Memory)
 ROM (Read Only Memory)

 RAM (Random Access Memory)

 Random access memory is a form of computer data storage.

 Different Memory types and pins

Memory Types Pins

DDR1 184
DDR2 240
DDR3 240
Table 1# Different memory types and pins

 DDR1 (Dial-on-Demand Routing)

 DDR is a routing technique developed by Cisco that allows a user to utilize existing
telephone lines, or public circuit-switched networks, to form a WAN instead of lines that
are dedicated specifically to the WAN.

Figure 30# DDR1 Ram

 DDR2(Double Data rate 2)

 DDR2 SDRAM is a double data rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory
interface.

Figure 31# Double Data Rate 2 Ram

 DDR3(Double Data Rate 3)

 An abbreviation for double data rate type three synchronous dynamic random-access
memory.

Figure 32# Double Data Rate 3 Ram

C.I.M.ASWEER 25
 Advantage of using memory card include
 Very easily allows you to transport documents from one computer to another.
 Small, therefore easy to carry around with you.
 It is a USB drive so it can be used on any computer system.

Disadvantage of using memory card include

 small so easy to lose
 And they can take viruses from one computer to another

Problem and Troubleshooting for Ram

 3 Short Beeps.
 Try replacing them with new RAM
 Computer Boots Up With a Blank Screen.
 You need to check you VGA card as well if you see this type of problem.
 Computer Fails To Boot.
 Check your RAM chips when you have installed them for the first time.
 All Memory not recognized
 Need to get support by your vendor to get it rectified. For other systems you might have
used wrong memory type or your slots are faulty.

 ROM (Read Only Memory)

 ROM: class of storage medium used in
computers and other electronic devices.
 PROM: programmable read-only memory
 EPROM: erasable programmable read-only
memory
 EEPROM: electrically erasable programmable
read-only memory
 Flash Memory: electronic non-volatile
computer storage medium that can be
electrically erased and reprogrammed.

Figure 33# Rom

C.I.M.ASWEER 26
Hard disk drive
 Hard Disk Drive is Storage device in the computer system. It’s a magnetic device.

Figure 34# Hard Disk

Problem and Troubleshooting for Hard Disk Drive

 Heat and dust
 Use of SMART tools that notify them about the condition of the hard disk
 Unexpected computer crashes
 Update their system on a regular basis by using a reliable software program.
 Virus threat
 Updating the system on a regular basis with the help of a reliable anti-virus program.

UPS (Uninterruptible Power supply)

 UPS consists usually bank of batteries and power sensing and conditioning circuitry.

Problems and solutions

 Battery is not getting charged.
 Battery connection is loose. Check battery terminals for
corrosion. Clean them and clamp them
Figure 35#firmly.
UPS
 UPS / Power Inverter works only in inverter mode.
 Input protector is effective. Reset input protector.
 Alarm buzzer beeps continuously.
 Battery terminals are wrongly connected. Refer to user’s
manual for details.
 Hears noise coming out of UPS / Power Inverter.
 Humming noise produced by non-pure sine wave UPS or
Inverter. It is normal.

C.I.M.ASWEER 27
 UPS and PC connection Diagram

Figure 36# UPS and PC Connection

Diagram

Advantage of using UPS card include

 Maintenance of power
 Line interactive UPS
 Surge protection
 Continuity of operation
 More Rack space available for IT equipment

Disadvantage of using UPS card include

 Maintenance Cost
 Infrastructure
 Startup cost
 Energy use
 Single point of failure
 Capital budget expenditures vas operating budget expenditures for purchases

C.I.M.ASWEER 28
Computer Trouble Shooting
 Trouble shooting means that you have to attend and solve problem when the problem
occurs in the computer, According to type of problem, the solution will vary.

Most Common Causes

 Human error: Data deletion or overwriting due to
accident or rename it or copy to another location
 Corrupt file system: Operating System or Software
crash or virus infected
 Hardware failure: HDD failure or CPU failure or
RAM failure
 Natural Disaster: fire, flood, and electricity outage

Figure 37# Troubleshooting the Computer

How to solve the Hardware Problem

 Check whether device or devices are connecting correctly and firmly.
 Remove one by one and clean it and Re-connect and check.
 Change Power cables or Data cables and check.
 Update the driver software or remove the driver software and re-install it again and check.

Hardware Tools
 When you want to do hardware trouble shooting you needed following tools.

Figure 38# Hardware Tools

C.I.M.ASWEER 29
Task 2
LO2. Be able to design computer system
Task 2.1
Requirement analysis document

Prepared By C.I.M.Asweer Version 1.0

Client BCAS Date 27/12/2015

Purpose
BCAS campus Computing unit plans to upgrade their Access lab. Though they have the lab
with computers but the requirements of the machines are low. So we produced a RAD
document for the BCAS Access unit to upgrade their computers.

Introduction
BCAS Campus Access students are the main purpose of this systems requirement. Because
they are the one who will be following gaming development, video editing web designing and
etc... This system requirement should be upgraded for the future benefits of Access students
so that they will feel comfortable by using the upgraded system.

Current System
BCAS city campus currently having a Access lab with 25 individual computers and they have
necessary software and tools.

Overview
Nowadays the performance of the games and videos are high. In this case at least we have
to be in line with the current requirements so we need to have a good capacity of RAM so that
we can run high capacitor programs at a time, we need to have a good graphics card (VGA)
as well. If we upgrade our VGA the students can develop or edit high performance games and
videos, and the processor of the machine should be at least i5 processor

Functional Requirements

Processor: - The Processor is the most visible component in the specifications. This would
lead you to believe that the processor is the most important component in a Access computer.
And we have to consider about the clock speed, number of cores, it is better to have high
numbers in both, but the number of cores is slightly more important than the clock speed.
VGA: - Choosing a great video card for our Access department is very important. Video cards
are the only component in a computer that is specifically designed to display high-resolution,
high-detailed graphics. So that developing or editing games, video will be an easy task for our
Access students
RAM: - Computer ram is a common bottleneck that prevented Access computers from
reaching their maximum potential. Upgrading our system to high capacity of RAM will be more
effectiveness to the Access department.
HDD: - we have to consider about the Hard Disk Drive because for the editing purpose of
Access students we need to have at least 500 GB.

C.I.M.ASWEER 30
Monitor: - when we talking about the monitors we should go with led and bigger. Because the
visual output is the most important to the Access. So the students can experience with it.
Speakers/headphones: - speaker/headphones high quality speakers and headphone with
built-in microphones.

Non-functional Requirements
 Headphone
 Consoles
 Screens
 Sound system
From above non-functional requirements a higher performance is expected from the
students and it’s expected that the lecturers can work with more easily in the computer lab.

C.I.M.ASWEER 31
Task 2.2
The below specifications were collected on the 8th of April 2015. By studying the functional
and non-functional requirements of the Access lab. We have got the requirements for the
Access lab computers from the local vendors. We have compared and selected the best
specification below.

The Best System for the Access Lab

We have chosen the best requirements for the BCAS Access lab from BARCLAYS computers (Pvt) ltd.
Yes we have chosen the specs from BARCLAYS because the reasons are given below

Warranty - Warranty is the most important thing that we have to consider because if there any
damage happened in future we can reclaim it. When we were comparing other two Barclays has the
long warrant terms.

Cost – when we were talk about cost the Barclays has the low cost effective and they promised that
they will give us the special discounts if we purchased more than 8 PC’s

Establishment – since they have been providing services from 1994 we can trust them dealing with
business as they exist in the market for last 20 years.

We have given the system specification table below.

NO System Specification

01 Processor Core i5
02 Motherboard Gigabyte H81M-SPV
03 HDD Toshiba 500 GB SATA
04 Monitor Samsung 22” LED
05 RAM 4 GB
06 DVD Writer Samsung SATA Black
07 Keyboard IBM
08 Mouse Mega box-USB
09 VGA ASUS GeForce (2GB)
10 Headphone A4tech HS-28
Table 2 System Speciation System

C.I.M.ASWEER 32
Task 3
LO3. Be able to build and configure computer system
Task 3.1
Generated Report

Assembling a desktop computer

To assemble to particular homemade Computer you too need all the accessories as well as
the resources to do it perfectly and accurately like the anti-static cable and anti-static mat

 Put the CPU into the socket in the motherboard very carefully, You must be sure
when your installing because if you falsely state the CPU in a different motherboard it
might damage the CPU
 Connect the Cooler
 Plug the ram memory to its respective slot where ram memory has three types you
should looking into the mother board and buy what type of ram it is.
 Open the case and mount the power supply
 Attach the Mainboard back plate to the case and check the Mainboard mounting
positions.
 Connect the Cooler
 Plug the ram memory to its respective slot where ram memory hs three types you
should looking into the mother board and buy what type of ram it is.
 Suitably position the Mainboard in the case.
 Mount the Hard disk and connect it to the power supply and the motherboard.
 Connect the SATA connectors to the drives and the USB connectors and the case
switches to the motherboard.
 Mount the Hard disk and connect it to the power supply and the motherboard.

C.I.M.ASWEER 33
Dis-Assembling a desktop computer
When you need to just disassemble the computer you need to follow some steps n order to
prevent all the damages

 First of everything Turn off the computer including the all power
 Then just Unplug all the wires that are connected to the computer
 If you needed you can just tape the wires that you have been unplugged
 Then remove the casing of your respected machine
 Then remove the CPU fan
 Then unscrew the power supply
 Unplug the wires if the DVD drive
 Remove the HDD
 Remove the RAM
 Remove the connectivity center
 And finally the motherboard

C.I.M.ASWEER 34
Password Policies
Computer passwords are used to help identify and distinguish users and their access or
capabilities on a computer or computer network. Passwords can also help restrict and prevent
users from accessing confidential data or accessing programs they should not have access
to.

Basic Steps of Password Requirements


Minimum Length - 8 characters recommended

 Maximum Length - 14 characters

 Minimum complexity - No dictionary words included. Passwords should use four of the
following types of characters: Lowercase, Uppercase, Numbers, Special characters
such as!@#$ %^&*(){} []

 Passwords are case sensitive and the user name or login ID is not case sensitive.

 Require a number of unique passwords before an old password may be reused. This
number should be no less than 24.

 Maximum password age - 60 days

 Minimum password age - 2 days

 Account lockout threshold - 4 failed login attempts

 Reset account lockout after - The time it takes between bad login attempts before the
count of bad login attempts is cleared. The recommended value as of the date of writing
this article is 20 minutes. This means if there are three bad attempts in 20 minutes, the
account would be locked.

 Account lockout duration - Some experts recommend that the administrator reset the
account lockout so they are aware of possible break in attempts on the network.
However this will cause a great deal of additional help desk calls. Therefore depending
on the situation, the account lockout should be between 30 minutes and 2 hours.

 Password protected screen savers should be enabled and should protect the computer
within 5 minutes of user inactivity. Computers should not be unattended with the user
logged on and no password protected screen saver active. Users should be in the habit
of not leaving their computers unlocked. They can press the CTRL-ALT-DEL keys and
select "Lock Computer".

 Rules that apply to passwords apply to passphrases which are used for public/private
key authentication

C.I.M.ASWEER 35
Basic Password Protections

 Never write passwords down.

 Never send a password through email.
 Never include a password in a non-encrypted stored document.
 Never tell anyone your password.
 Never reveal your password over the telephone.
 Never hint at the format of your password.
 Never reveal or hint at your password on a form on the internet.
 Never use the "Remember Password" feature of application programs such as
Internet Explorer, your email program, or any other program.
 Never use your corporate or network password on an account over the internet which
does not have a secure login where the web browser address starts with https://
rather than http://
 Report any suspicion of your password being broken to your IT computer security
office.
 If anyone asks for your password, refer them to your IT computer security office.
 Don't use common acronyms as part of your password.
 Don't use common words or reverse spelling of words in part of your password.
 Don't use names of people or places as part of your password.
 Don't use part of your login name in your password.
 Don't use parts of numbers easily remembered such as phone numbers, social
security numbers, or street addresses.
 Be careful about letting someone see you type your password.

C.I.M.ASWEER 36
Health & Safety policy
Electric shock –
 When working on our p or any main powered equipment, always disconnect it
completely from the mail wall socket
Never dismantle the actual Power Supply Unit (PSU) in our pc this unit ally
lethal main voltage, even when it is disconnected from the supply they are not
user-Repairable. If it fails, replace it with a new one.

Figure 39 Do not Remove PSU

Sharp Edges –
 Beware of sharp edge in CPU Case and the small solder pins on boards. A
harmless-looking case edge can be as sharp as a razor, and remove large
chunks of flesh if accidentally nudged with a slipping hand.

Figure 40_Sharp Edges

C.I.M.ASWEER 37
 Connections –
 Always remember to completely disconnect the power cables before
connecting/disconnecting components or cable.

When making cabling connection of any kind, use firm, even pressures but
never excessive forces. Small single pins will easily damage if connected
incorrectly. If it just won’t fit, try to establish a reason rather than giving it a
“hopeful” shove. Most connector have some kind of alignment system prevent
incorrect connection.

Figure 41_Connecting the processor correctly

Cleaning –
 If you find a build-up of dust in the machine after some days, disconnect the
unit completely, remove case sides and use an Air Duster to blow out the dust
from the case and inside the cleaning parts
 Don’t use Air blower because Air blower will damage the entire machine.

Figure 42_AIr blowing in the CPU

Anti – Static
 Try to avoid working in carpeted areas. Carpeting extremely increase static
build up within your body.
 Always use Anti – Static wrist strap while working on computer
 Always hold a metal part of the computer with your uncover hand before you
touch anything inside. Do it even if you are wearing an anti-static wrist band.
 Always handle electronic components by non-metallic edge. Don’t touch the
pins or other connectors.
 Never eat, drink, or smoke while working on a computer.

C.I.M.ASWEER 38
Task 3.2
Test report for the lab
 Diagnose and troubleshoot student software problems; repair and modify damaged
software configurations; reinstall software that cannot be repaired.

 Replace or repair damaged or malfunctioning computer hardware including disk

drivers, memory chips, other boards, modems, network cards, monitors, keyboards,
CD-ROMs, printers and other peripherals.

 Work with students and instructional staff to assure lab systems are maintained in
working order; provide technical support for instructors; demonstrate various software
configurations and installations; provide information on hardware and software error
resolution.
 Evaluate, install, configure, troubleshoot and document new instructional applications
and software systems.
 Develop and implement procedures for such tasks as virus protection, software
security, software loading and copying, video drivers, printer drivers and configuration
control.

 Prepare reports on software or hardware help desk requests; provide reports to

assigned supervisors; evaluate reports for preventive maintenance trends.
 Install and upgrade new hardware and software.

 Evaluate and test new software; identify potential conflicts with existing systems;
consult with vendors and manufacturers to resolve issues before instituting new
software.

 Define instructional server needs; research available options and recommend choice;
install, configure and test instructional server hardware and software; maintain server
hardware; install new versions of server software.

 Maintain hardware and software inventory; according to established guidelines and

procedures.

 Recommend new physical configuration and implement strategies for instructional

labs; attend technical seminars and workshops to remain current concerning
instructional labs.

 Develop and maintain instructional lab procedures in areas such as problem reporting
and tracking, lab set-up, student usage tracking and inventory control and security.
 Develop Internet policies and standards for instructional labs.

 Confer with appropriate District offices to research and make recommendations for
purchase of computer lab supplies, hardware, software and equipment; coordinate the
purchase and repair of computer lab equipment, tracking status of vendor activity;
submit return material authorizations for defective equipment; coordinate campus
instructional lab network and telecommunications needs; track software licenses and
hardware warranties.

C.I.M.ASWEER 39
Task 4
LO4. Be able to undertake routine maintenance on computer system
Task 4.1

C.I.M.ASWEER 40
Task 4.2

Upgrade Hardware and Software

In order to design a Access lab the company needed to upgrade new versions of hardware
and software. Our BCAS campus have decided to build a Access lab so they really wanted to
upgrade their workstation. First we have to upgrade the OS system of the Computer.
BCAS Workstation has already Windows 7 Operating System. So now they wanted to upgrade
Windows 8 so the steps they have to follow is here...

Step 1
 Please run Windows Update first before install the upgrade. (This step will require a
connection to the Internet)

 Press Start → All Programs. When the program list shows, find “Windows Update” And
click to execute.

 Click “Check for updates” to download the necessary updates.

 Windows Update is checking updates…

 Install updates for your system

Step 2
 Upgrade option only works by Microsoft Windows 8 upgrade plan. Please confirm your
current Microsoft Windows 7 version. If you are not sure, you can click “Start → Control
→ Panel → System” to see your current Microsoft Windows system. Besides that, you
will also need a DVD or BD reading device.

 Insert the Windows 8 Installation Disc* in your DVD or BD reading device. Wait for the
AutoPlay windows to pop up. Click “Run setup.exe” to continue

 Windows 8 Installation will be prepared

 Before the installation, Windows will require you to type in the product Key. You should
find your product key in your disc package.

 Check the “I accept the license terms” to continue.

 Choose what kind of upgrade you want and click “Next”. Please plug your AC adaptor
to proceed. Please DO NOT take out the disc from DVD player before the installation
is completed

 Windows will check if your system is ready to upgrade.

 Windows will notice if any Microsoft program is not yet compatible with Windows 8.

 Uninstall the program and follow instruction by Windows 8 setup.

C.I.M.ASWEER 41
Step 3
 According the upgrade type you choose at step 2.6, windows may (not) direct you to
personalize setup.

 Once the Windows 8 desktop shows, your upgrade is complete.

Justification of Upgrading OS

Better performance: Windows 8 uses less RAM and fewer CPU resources than Windows 7
and therefore runs faster.
Works well on older machines: Windows 8 will not only work on your older IT equipment, but
it runs faster than Windows 7.
Windows 8 saves battery life by dropping to a low-power state when you're not doing
anything power-intensive.
Windows 8 comes with Windows Defender, which protects against malware and spyware.
For more on Windows Defender and other security enhancements, read Windows 8
Security: What's New, What's Different.
Windows 8's Storage Spaces employs a software-based RAID system to protect data and
ensure that it remains available in the event of a computer crash.
Microsoft's cloud storage program is built into just about every application in Windows 8. You
can even sync your PCs settings to One Drive and save files for offline use.
You can more easily switch between display languages, and additional display languages
are available in Windows 8, which is of value to multilingual organizations.

Use of Upgrading Hardware

RAM
To see the biggest increase in performance, increase the amount of RAM in an older or new
computer. A good sign you could benefit from more RAM is if your computer slows down a lot
when you try to use several programs simultaneously.

VGA
Because graphics processing uses RAM, a graphics card upgrade may improve overall
performance. If you work with a lot of digital video, you can probably benefit from adding RAM
and/or changing from an integrated or "on-board" graphics card to a dedicated graphics card.
Apart from that if you upgrade VGA it will be more perfect for the Access Computers.

Processor
A faster processor can help your computer run faster, but this is not an easy upgrade and
should be approached with caution. Keep in mind that performance improvements with a faster
processor may be negligible without sufficient RAM

C.I.M.ASWEER 42
Justification of upgrading hardware

Performance increase, which make the overall computer run faster and more smoothly and it
is necessary to upgrade the computer to meet the system requirements.

Adobe software updates

Adobe recommends that update to the latest version to take advantage of security and stability
improvements. For the Access purpose most of the softwares are related to the adobe for an
example adobe Photoshop, adobe Dreamweaver, adobe flash so we want to upgrade adobe.
Updating automatically from the product

 To install Adobe Reader and Acrobat updates from Adobe Updater, do the following:
 Launch Adobe Reader or Acrobat.
 Choose Help > Check for Updates.
 Follow the steps in the Updater window to download and install the latest updates.
Updating adobe reader on the web

 Open Reader and choose Help > About Adobe Reader. Note your product version.
 Go to http://get.adobe.com/reader/. The web page automatically detects your OS and
Reader version.
 If the web page indicates that a newer version is available, choose Install Now.
 Click the downloaded file and follow the instructions.

Justification of software upgrade

New features not available or found in previous versions.

Often, the new version of a program has better stability and increased performance.
After so long an older software program will be discontinued and often no longer supported.

C.I.M.ASWEER 43
Conclusion
I tried my best to get understanding of computing systems. It taught me about hardware,
software, health and safety, RAD, and team work. As a result my confidence and my
knowledge has been increased and I feel the level of my knowledge has developed to
certain level about Computing System. I really enjoyed throughout the lesson.

C.I.M.ASWEER 44
Figure of Pictures
Figure 1 Super Computer ...................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2 Mainframe Computer .............................................................................................. 7
Figure 3 Mini Computer......................................................................................................... 8
Figure 4 Micro Computers ..................................................................................................... 9
Figure 5 Computers at Home .............................................................................................. 10
Figure 6 Computers at Network .......................................................................................... 11
Figure 7 Computers at Gaming ........................................................................................... 11
Figure 8 Computers at Business ......................................................................................... 12
Figure 9 Computer .............................................................................................................. 13
Figure 10 Wireless Mouse .................................................................................................. 14
Figure 11 Optical Mouse ..................................................................................................... 14
Figure 12 Mechanical Mouse .............................................................................................. 14
Figure 13 Keyboard ............................................................................................................ 15
Figure 14 Scanner .............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 15 Sheet-fed Scanner .............................................................................................. 16
Figure 16 Photo Scanner .................................................................................................... 16
Figure 17 Handheld Scanner .............................................................................................. 17
Figure 18 Webcam .............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 19 Cathode Ray Tube Monitors ............................................................................... 18
Figure 20 Liquid Crystal Display .......................................................................................... 19
Figure 21 Light Emitting Diode ............................................................................................ 19
Figure 22 Impact Printer ...................................................................................................... 20
Figure 23 Non-impact Printer .............................................................................................. 20
Figure 24 Speakers ............................................................................................................. 21
Figure 25 Video Card .......................................................................................................... 22
Figure 26 Motherboard........................................................................................................ 23
Figure 27 CPU .................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 28 The main function of processor ........................................................................... 24
Figure 29 Repairing the CPU problem ................................................................................ 24
Figure 30 DDR1 Ram.......................................................................................................... 25
Figure 31 Double Data Rate 2 Ram .................................................................................... 25
Figure 32 Double Data Rate 3 Ram .................................................................................... 25
Figure 33 Rom .................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 34 Hard Disk ............................................................................................................ 27
Figure 35 UPS .................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 36 UPS and PC Connection Diagram ...................................................................... 28
Figure 37 Troubleshooting the Computer ............................................................................ 29
Figure 38 Hardware Tools ................................................................................................... 29
Figure 39 Do not Remove PSU ........................................................................................... 37
Figure 40 Sharp Edges ....................................................................................................... 37
Figure 41 Connecting the processor correctly ..................................................................... 38
Figure 42 AIr blowing in the CPU ........................................................................................ 38

C.I.M.ASWEER 45
Table
Table 1 Different memory types and pins ............................................................................................ 25
Table 2 System Speciation System ........................................................................................................ 32

C.I.M.ASWEER 46