Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PSE
DESIGN/SIZING OF HEAT
EXCHANGERS
PSE
Design of Heat Exchangers
What to design ??
Consider the following block diagram.
PSE
Minimum Temp. Approach, ΔTmin
PSE
PSE
Pressure drop due to friction
PSE
PSE
Heuristic 54
For shell
shell-and-tube
and tube heat exchangers,
exchangers tubes
are typically ¾-in. O.D., 16 ft long, and on 1-
in. triangular spacing. A 1-ft I.D. shell can
accommodate 300 ft2 tubes outside area, 2-
ft: 1330 ft2, 3-ft: 3200 ft2.
PSE
PSE
PSE
Heuristic 55
R 2 + 1 ln[(1 − S ) / (1 − RS )]
FT =
⎡[ (
(R − 1) ln ⎢ 2 − S R + 1 − R 2 + 1 ⎥
2
)]⎤
[ (
⎢⎣ 2 − S R + 1 + R + 1 ⎥⎦ )]
Th ,i − Th ,o Tc ,o − Tc ,i
R=
Tc ,o − Tc ,i
S=
Th ,i − Tc ,i
Q = U ⋅ A ⋅ FT ⋅ ΔTLM
1
Ui =
⎛ D ⎞ ⎛ 1 Di ⎞ ⎛ t w Di ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
R f ,o ⎜⎜ i ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + R f ,i
⎝ o ⎠ ⎝ o o ⎠ ⎝ w m ⎠ ⎝ hi ⎠
D h D k D
1 1 1
= =
UA U o Ao U i Ai
PSE
PSE
PSE
DESIGN/SIZING OF PUMP,
COMPRESSOR, EXPANDER
PSE PUMP
⎛V 2
P ⎞ ⎛V P ⎞ 2
H =⎜ +z +
d
⎟ −⎜
d
+z + s
⎟
s
⎝ 2g ρ g ⎠ ⎝ 2g
d
d
ρ g⎠ s
PSE
Heuristic 37
9 For heads up to 3200 ft (multiple stages) and flow rates in
the range 10 to 5000 gpm
gpm, use centrifugal pump
pump.
9 For high heads up to 20000 ft and flow rate up to 500 gpm,
use reciprocating pump.
9 Less common are axial pumps for heads up to 40 ft for flow
rates in the range of 20 to 100000 gpm and rotary pumps for
heads up to 3000 ft for flow rate in the range 1 to 1500 gpm.
9 For liquid water,
9 Head of 3000 ft correspond to ΔP of 1300 psi,
9 Head of 20000 ft correspond to ΔP of 8680 psi.
PSE
Heuristic 38
For liquid flow, we need to include the following when
determining the required pumping head.
PSE
Heuristic 38
Estimate the theoretical horsepower (THp) for pumping
liquid using,
PSE COMPRESSOR
PSE
Heuristic 34
¾ Use fan to increase the gas P from atmospheric P to as high
as 40 inches of water (10.1 kPa gauge or 1.47 psig).
PSE
Heuristic 35
¾ THp (adiabatic) for compressing a gas from,
⎛ T ⎞ ⎡⎛ P ⎞ ⎤
a
Thp = SCFM −1
⎝ 8130a ⎠ ⎢⎣⎜⎝ P ⎟⎠ ⎥
1 2
⎦ 1
⎛P⎞
a
¾ T2 is estimated as,
T =T ⎜ ⎟ 2
⎝ P⎠
2 1
PSE EXPANDER
Known as turbo
turbo-expander
expander or expansion turbine.
Used in place of valve to recover power as pressure is
decreased.
Also the gas T is reduced, check for possible condensation.
Often chilling of gas is more important than the power
recovery.
Widely used at cryogenic conditions.
If there is condensation, the design should avoid impeller
erosion.
For high P liquid, the power recovery through turbine is not
economical.
Pump Compressor,
Pump, Compressor Expander: Head (for pump),
pump) Thp.
Thp
Alternatives, E.P
Novelty and sustainability of the project
Process Flowsheet and simulation (Run)
M&E balances: Manual and simulation (% error)
Heat integration- PTA, Grid matching, T-profile
Equipment sizing & costing (Summarize in Table)
Optimization
PSE