Writing the Concept Paper

Learning Competencies
The learner…
1. defines what a concept paper is ;
2. determines the ways a writer can elucidate on a concept;
3. identifies situations in which a concept paper may be effectively used to improve our
society;
4. comprehends various kinds of concept papers;
5. explains and clarifies concepts in fields such as:
a. Art
b. Business
c. Law
d. Philosophy
e. Politics
f. Religion
g. Science
h. Sports
i. TechVoc : ICT, Cookery & Tour Guiding
6. presents a novel concept or project with accompanying visuals/ graphic aids

Definition of Concept Paper

A Concept paper is a summary of projects or issues that reflect the interests, experiences,
and expertise of the writer or organization.

It generally aims to provide an in- depth discussion of a topic on which the writer has a
strong position ; it is intended to obtain funding for that project from donors

Characteristics of Concept Papers

1. Concept papers are summaries of projects or issues that reflect the interests, experiences
and expertise of the writer or organization.
2. Concept papers generally serve the purpose of providing in-depth discussion of a topic
that the writer has a strong position on. The terms "concept paper" and "proposal" are
often used interchangeably as they can be used for the same function.
3. The concept paper may also be used as an instructional tool that may have developed
as a result of extensive research, committee input and/or as a result of the outcome of a
current project.
4. In addition to providing guidance for implementation of a program, a concept paper
could also discuss best practices, philosophies and other related issues that the writer
believes action should be taken on in the near future.
Uses of a Concept paper

A concept paper is used as an instructional tool that may have developed as a result of
extensive research, committee input and/ or as a result of an outcome of a current project.

A concept paper is used to provide guidance for the implementation of a program and to
discuss best practices, philosophies, and other related issues that the writer believes action
should be taken on in the near future.

Concept papers are used to clarify or correct misinterpretations or misuse of the

conventional or consensual meaning of a term which is its usual or generally accepted
meaning. Dictionary explanations exemplify this purpose.

Concept papers are used stipulate the meaning of a term by limiting, extending or
redirecting the reference or sense in which the term is commonly understood or to use in a
special way a term borrowed from another field of knowledge to suit the special meaning
intended in the field in which it is made to apply.

Ways of Elucidating a Concept

To explain a concept, a writer can resort to any of the following ways:

a. Definition. He may give the meaning of a certain term or concept.

Poetry according to Matthew Arnold is “the spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from
emotion recollected in tranquility.”

Darwin defined evolution as "descent with

modification," the idea that species change over time,
give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

(The teacher gives more examples of definition of concepts from her/ his
students’ field of specialization)
b. Explication. He may explain the concept by using simple terms.
Financial interest generally refers to any pecuniary
interests gained like salary or other payments for services
or equity interests like stocks, stock options, intellectual
property rights and the like. Financial interest with regard
to gaming law is any pecuniary gain or loss from conducting
and participating gaming activities.
(The teacher gives more examples of explication of concepts from her/ his
students’ field of specialization)
c. Illustration. He may give examples or instances.
Cookery
 Tour guiding
SPORT

Writing a Concept Paper

Many private foundations have always required a concept paper be submitted for
review prior to the submission of a full proposal. In recent years federal and state agencies have
begun to encourage the use of concept papers as a way for applicants to obtain informal
feedback on their ideas and projects prior to preparing a proposal. Some of these agencies now
require a concept paper be submitted as part of the formal submission process.

The purpose of a concept paper, from the funding agency’s point of view, is to help
applicants develop more competitive proposals and to save time by eliminating proposals that
are not likely to be funded. The applicant’s purpose in developing a concept paper is to capture
the interest of the funding agency and demonstrate that the idea they are proposing is worthy
of further consideration. Therefore, the first sentences of a concept paper are very important.
You want the funding agency representatives or board members to continue reading.

Applicants may use concept papers in any of the following ways:

1. to interest potential funders

2. to develop potential solutions or investigations into project ideas
3. to determine whether a project idea is fundable
4. to serve as the foundation of a full proposal

Funders that request concept papers often provide a template or format. If templates or
formats are not provided, the following can serve as a useful concept paper structure.

The Five Elements of a Concept Paper

1. The first section, the Introduction, identifies how and where the applicant’s mission and
the funder’s mission intersect or align. It addresses the reasons why the funder should
support projects in the given general area. It also introduces the applicant’s partners and
shows why the partners want to participate in the project.

2. Second is the Purpose or Need or Rationale, which outlines what others have written
about the general topic and focuses on the gap in knowledge to be filled, the problem
to be solved, or the need to be addressed by the applicant’s proposed project. Similar to
a literature review, this section allows the applicant to state the purpose or need in
such a way that the applicant’s project is the best possible solution to the problem. Also,
it often provides statements addressing the significance of the project (showing why the
project should be supported).

In some cases, these first two sections are merged into a Background section that both
introduces the alignment between the two organizations’ missions and provides the need
statement.
 3. Third is the Project Description, functioning as the solution to the problem, the answer
to the need, or the investigation that will fill the knowledge gap. In this section, the
applicant addresses the unique, unusual, distinctive, innovative, and/or novel aspects of
the approach, showing why the applicant’s team has the best solution and presenting a
compelling case for funding.

The project description includes the project’s Goals and Objectives. A goal is an abstract state of
being, a condition, an end, or an aspiration while objectives are statements of measurable
outcomes that, collectively, will help the applicant measure progress toward accomplishing the
project goal(s).

For example, a goal might be to improve student academic performance via a structured
professional development program for teachers, while an objective might be to offer a specific
kind of workshop or seminar on a particular topic for a defined set of teachers in a K-12 school
district.

The project description also includes an overview of the project’s Methodology (sometimes
called Project Activities or Action Plan or Approach). The goals, objectives, and methods (or
activities) will need to align closely with each other and will need to be accomplished within the
proposed Timeline, expressed in either months or years. The methods or activities will need to be
congruent with or based on what has been tried in the field in the past, they must be based on
empirical evidence, and they will need to be both reasonable in cost and complexity and
accomplishable within the proposed timeline.

The project description typically concludes with a statement of Benefits (or Anticipated
Outcomes) along with a description of who will benefit and how.

4. The fourth section, Support or Budget, contains either (1) an outline of the main
budget categories for the requested project support or (2) a single bottom-line amount
of the request and a brief discussion of how that amount will be used. Some concept
papers may not even include an amount requested.

5. The fifth and final section provides the Contact Information of the applicant
organization’s chief executive or his/her designee authorized to make funding requests.

The above is a suggested general outline for a concept paper. Ultimately, if a given funder
provides a specific template or format, the applicant must use the prescribed structure.

Suggested Format for A Concept Paper

1. Introduction
2. Purpose
3. Project Description
4. Goals and Objectives/ Research Questions
5. Methodology and Timelines
6. Support Needed & Costs (if requested)
7. Contact Information
Guidelines in Writing a Concept Paper.

1. First and probably most important, the writer must know the mission, requirements and
other specific information about the target audience.
2. The second step would be to summarize the paper by stating the problem to be
discussed/solved, the goal of the paper, the objectives, the anticipated outcomes,
procedures for determining whether the goals and objectives have been achieved.
3. Lastly, the writer must develop a list of references that discuss the concept to which the
paper will be directed.

Kinds of Concept Papers

Writing a Concept paper in the Different Fields

1. Business

A business concept paper briefly summarizes the business or organization you'd like to
develop. Not quite as complex as a business plan, a business concept paper is often
requested by local chambers of commerce, potential investors, and college professors
who assign them to their students. Develop a purpose or mission statement before
writing a business concept paper to correctly assess issues or holes in the market that
your company will address.

Reflect Before Writing

1. Consider the company or organization itself. Think about the nature of the company
and whether it will be a typical for-profit company or a private non-profit venture.
Decide on geographic location and type of operation, be it manufacturing,
wholesale, retail or a service provider. Make short-term (two years) and long-term
(ten years) goals.

2. Develop the services and/or products that the business will offer. Think about how
they fit within the community, as well as what local, regional or national needs they
address. Develop a unique selling position (USP), which is what your business has to
offer that no other does, and what makes it different.

3. Analyze the market. Using your USP, think about where your business fits within the
current market and develop a marketing strategy to place your business in it.
Determine the target market of customers and how you can reach them through
advertising.

4. Consider the current and future competition. List your business' strengths and
weaknesses and compare them to the competition's.
 5. Recognize the need for financing. Solicit investors or gather the capital needed to
obtain inventory and secure a business location.

Put the Idea to Paper

1. Begin the paper with an introduction, briefly summarizing the business or

organization and what problem it aims to fix, or how it will fit within the current
market and/or benefit the economy. Though found at the beginning of the paper, it
may be best and easiest to write the introduction once the rest of the paper is
complete.

2. Write a survey of the problem or hole in the current market. Quote studies, if
applicable, and get to the root of the issue. For instance, don't just say your filter
distribution business will provide clean water to homes in the area. Instead, describe
how the distribution may affect the city's infrastructure and problems.

3. Introduce your business and how it will solve the issues addressed above. Contrast it
with competing businesses in the market. Describe a need for a board of directors,
committees and/or volunteers. Specify what sectors of the community they represent.

4. Discuss your company's or organization's goals. State primary and secondary goals
and timelines for each, if known.

5. Write a cover page if presenting the paper to a board or chamber of commerce.

Include the business name, the entrepreneur or team member names, local
affiliations and contact information.

Samples of Concept Papers

Humanities and Social Sciences

‘Humbug’ and ‘Hambog’ are Cousins

BY YEN MAKABENTA

HTTP://WWW.MANILATIMES.NET/HUMBUG-AND-HAMBOG-ARE-COUSINS/230871/

My column on presidential humbug (“Presidential humbug at the APEC CEO summit”,

Manila Times, Nov. 19, 2015) provoked many reactions and comments, some of which
illuminated for me aspects and angles on the subject that I have not explored.

The most intriguing of these were the comments of several readers, who said that “humbug”
is deliciously close in sound and meaning to the Filipino word, “Hambog.” They pointed out to me
that while “Humbug” and “Hambog” have different meanings, they are plainly related. And they
said the two are clearly mixed in the person and presidency of BS Aquino.

Others pointed out to me the spectacle of President Aquino flying to Kuala Lumpur to attend
the Asean summit, and then immediately launching a statement warning China, “The world is
watching you” – this, just a day after hosting the APEC leaders meeting, where Aquino did not
say a word about the South China Sea row.
 And then there was this reader who asked me whether Mayor Rody Duterte’s fresh
announcement of his candidacy for president, after so many denials, and his many statements
about dumping people in Manila Bay are a prime example of humbug. He slyly reminded me that
surely BS Aquino does not have a patent or copyright on humbug in this country.

Hambog and Humbug compared

“Hambog” is part of the vocabulary of nearly all Philippine languages, from Tagalog, to Cebuano,
to Hiligaynon, to Waray, to Bikolano, and who knows what else.

In his authoritative Tagalog-English and English-Tagalog dictionaries, the Redemptorist

lexicographer Fr. Leo James English, C.Ss.R, provides the following revealing definition of
“hambog” and its noun form, kahambugan:

Hambog: 1. Adj (1) boastful, speaking too highly about one self; a boastful fellow: (2) proud, vain;
(3) arrogant, self-opinionated; stuck-up.

Kahambugan, paghahambog. n. (1) boast, boasting, bragging; (2) self-love, conceit; (3)
vainglory; an extreme pride in oneself.

“Humbug” in contrast, connotes misrepresentation, deception or cheating.

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary contains the following entries on humbug: for
the noun’s head sense, “something designed to deceive and mislead” (with cross-references to
quackery, hoax, fraud, and imposture); for the verb, “impose on” (with cross-references to
deceive, cajole, and hoax); for its application to a humbugger, “a person who usually willfully
deceives or misleads others as to his true condition, qualities, or attitudes, one who passes
himself off as something that he is not” (with cross-references to sham, hypocrite, and impostor).”

From years of observing these two words used in literature, journalism, and politics, I can
attest that a humbug can be hambog; and a hambog can be a humbug. They constantly socialize
in public.

The prevalence of Humbug

The concept of humbug is so weighty, the English-American philosopher, Max Black,

devoted years of research to its analysis and explication. He distilled his findings in an
authoritative paper on humbug entitled, “the Prevalence of Humbug” (you will find it online); it
served as the title piece of a book of essays.

Black’s study is authoritative, exhaustive, and witty. No instance of humbug, and no

humbugger can pass through it undetected.

In The Prevalence of Humbug, Professor Black bluntly describes humbug as a form of

mischief.

He sought to (1) provide a satisfying analysis of the concept; (2) identify the mischief that
humbug can cause, (3)consider ways of curbing the production of humbug; and (4) come up with
a reasonable and satisfactory definition of the concept.

The Russian writer and doctor Anton Chekhov said that “humbug” is “a disease; in Latin it is
called morbus fraudulentus.”
 Morbus fraudulentus — literally, “the fraudulent disease” — is not listed in manuals of
pathology, although the disorder is endemic, infectious, and seriously injurious to thought, feeling,
and action. .

Similarly, the great Irish writer George Bernard Shaw dismissed as humbug talks between
the British prime minister and the American President Hoover, designed to bring the two peoples
together.

When asked why, Shaw replied: “Because, generally speaking, Englishmen and Americans
do not like one another. Now they are asked to pretend that they do. And this pretense of being
affectionate cousins is as dangerous as poison.”

Bernard Shaw, says Black, provided one antidote to humbug. He advocated telling the
humbugger immediately after he utters a humbug: “Do you really believe that?” or “Do you really
mean that?”

In one part of his study, Black writes; “What is the prima facie charge against a speaker
accused of humbug? Well, some of the words that immediately suggest themselves are pretense,
pretentiousness, affectation, insincerity, and deception.”

The point that insincerity and deception go together in humbug is telling.

Humbug functionally and effectively implants false belief. The most serious indictment of
humbug is that it tends progressively to adulterate speech and thought. It leads to the “distortion
of values, the insidious numbing of what we once knew without question as true or false.”

The constant practice of self-deception, Black warns, “may produce a character that
cheats as effortlessly as a bird sings: the mask eventually becomes ingrown, fits the face as
closely as a death mask.”

This is the presidential image before us as Aquino winds down his presidency.

Humbug, says Black, is an insidious and detestable evil that should be exposed.

For short-term remedies, Black recommends Shaw’s probe — the deliberately naive and
rather impolite challenges expressed by the questions “Do you really believe that?” and “Do you
really mean that?” Strongly to be recommended also are humor, parody, and satire. Social media
is very effective at this.

At the conclusion of his essay, professor Black offers a concise definition of humbug:

He writes: “HUMBUG: deceptive misrepresentation, short of lying, especially by pretentious

word or deed, of somebody’s own thoughts, feelings, or attitudes.”

“This definition covers only first-degree humbug. For second-degree humbug, produced by
a self-deluded speaker or thinker, the unsatisfactory reference to thoughts and so on would need
to be replaced.”

Political Humbug
Political humbug has become a prime object of study because political leaders are prone to
boast and deceive.
 People expect their leaders to be scrupulous in the truth and faithful to the facts. They do
not need theatrics or hyperbole. They generally do not approve of the stage management of their
public life.

The legitimate achievements of our people do not need to be embellished by the gaudy
excesses of PR. Filipinos deserve to be treated with respect and dignity.

Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Concept Paper

I – Project Title
A Concept Paper for Medical Assistance to Rural Barangays in Pambujan Northern Samar

II – Proponents
Health services are one of the primary needs that the government must provide to its
citizens. Most of the time however, the populace seldom receive the proper service they require
in order to thrive.
The rural areas are one of those key areas where the people need real access to such
services. Rarely do they get proper assistance from the appropriate personnel and mostly, they
have apprehensions on approaching professionals since they do not know what doctors or nurses
are capable of.

A medical mission performed even just for a day would certainly help uplift these people’s
way of life. This concept paper will formulate a plan for an effective medical mission to some of
hard to reach barangays in Pambujan.

This 3-day medical assistance project, called as “project” from here on, will identify the
locations, treat and educate the residents, local health workers and provide these said
communities with adequate resources for a sustainable health center.

a. Target Areas

Determining the targeted barangays is crucial to the success of this project. The
medical team will make use of the local health center, if available, and employ the aid
of local health workers, teachers etc. In order to ensure that the serviced areas are the
ones that really need medical services, we will use the following guidelines
a. Accessibility
1. Location
b. Proximity to the poblacion
a. Health condition
2. Populace b. Health awareness
c. Number of residents
a. Access to medical services
b. Number of barangay health
3. Health Services
workers
c. Availability of medical supplies
 b. Activities

In order to maximize the time, effort and budget, the medical mission will not only treat but
will also educate the residents about basic healthcare and other matters.

Here’s an outline of the proposed activities:

 Consultation/check up/treatment

General health
 
Eye problems

Dental problems
 Distribution 
Relief goods

medicines
 Information/Education

Hygiene 
Herbal remedies available in the area
Importance of proper
waste management and clean surroundings in
preventing ailments

 
Information on the most common ailments  within the community
Dengue awareness
Training/seminar
Barangay health workers skills improvement training
o First aid
Participants
 Local doctors – support from local doctors and other professionals in the medical field (e.g.
nurses) in Pambujan and nearby towns will be needed. The project will work on a premise
that local doctors would create a more “at home” feel to those residents as they may have
some hesitation on approaching such people.

 Local medical/nursing students – assistance from the youth would prove beneficial not only
to the project but also to these students for them to gain experience in their field.

 Local Barangay Health Workers – this project will recognize the significance of the BHWs
in assessing the project’s target areas. They can also be of great help in identifying the
types of services the residents will require

 Local Teachers – this project also recognizes the importance of teachers’ assistance in the
success of the project. Local teachers are more familiar with the proposed locations and
also, they have the trust of the residents.

 Local Police and Tanod – order and security is also necessary for this project to
take place.

III. Project Description

Phase I – Pre-implementation

Week 1  Identify the target location

  Identify the kind of services the target location requires
Week 2  Sending out requests to the local, provincial government,
NGOs, and other people willing to donate materials,
medicines and equipments needed for the project. Sending
out requests to the local, provincial government, NGOs, and
other people willing to donate materials, medicines and
equipments needed for the project.
Week 3  Organizing the medical team, support group and other
personnel needed.
 Information dissemination regarding the project: where and
when.
 Planning of the conduct/activities for the project.
Week 4  Procurement and transport of the materials requested
 Preparation for accommodations, venue and other on-site
matters.
 Final planning, briefing of the participants.

Phase II – Implementation

Day 1 Consultations
Treatment
Education
O Dengue awareness/prevention
O Basic hygiene
Day 2 Consultations
•Treatment
•Education
o Importance of clean surroundings
o Herbal remedies
o Information on common ailments
Day 3 Skills Training
Basic First Aide
Relief Goods Distribution
Medicine distribution
Setting up of a self sufficient health center in the community

Phase III – Post-implementation

After the implementation of the project, the medical team’s job is to monitor and
assess the target area’s progress and ensure the health centre’s operation and
sustainability.

IV – Budgetary Requirements

In as much, this project aims to provide medical assistance to rural communities without
incurring much expenditure. Medicines, relief goods, monetary assistance and other materials will
be solicited from the local and provincial government funds. The project organizers will also seek
the assistance of NGO’s, humanitarian organizations, private enterprises and individuals for
whatever support they can provide to this cause.

Manpower including, the medical team and support groups will be purely voluntary and
free though of course, the transportation and accommodation expenses would be shouldered by
whatever the organizers manage to solicit or acquire.

Overall, if the required assistance is put into monetary value, the required funds for the
project will be:

Medicines, medical equipment (good for P50,000.00

2000 heads)
Relief goods (2000 heads) P 40,000.00
Operation materials/equipment (including P5,000.00
accommodation and transportation)
Miscellaneous P5,000.00
Manpower 0.00
Total P100,000.00

V – Monitoring and Evaluation

The monitoring and evaluation scheme of this project will be based on the data gathered
by the organizers during the early phases of the project. The problems identified before the project
started will be listed and improvements after project’s implementation will be monitored.

The local barangay health workers and teachers will report the on-site improvement and
the barangay health centre’s functionality to the designated local government office. These reports
will be systematically traced for the next few months for evaluation. If proven to be effective, the
project organizers can then aim to extend this project to other rural areas not covered by the original
plans.

VI – Recommendation

Though this project is far from being implemented, this concept paper recommends the
following to the local government:

 Identify health problems of the rural barangays

 Provide adequate medical assistance to rural barangays
 Educate residents on proper healthcare

Further studies to improve this concept and be fit for implementation
Formative Assessments
Exit Slip: Choose your track or strand.
1. Write at least five concepts that can be elucidated under the following fields or
disciplines.
Art:
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Business
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General Academic
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Language/ Literature
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Politics
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Science
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Sports
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ICT/ Computer Science

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Tourism
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Cookery
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Graphic Organizing:
1. Using a graphic organizer, explain the concept of your choice. This could be done
through a.) Definition; b.) Explication, c.) Illustration

2. Small Group Discussion: In groups of 3-4 members, Read the different

examples of concept papers provided by the teacher and fill out the table.
(Examples should be related to the different strands and tracks)

Document Analysis and Generalization Table:

Needs/ Purpose of Aims/ Methodology Target Anticipated

Problem the Project Objectives Population Benefits of
Statement of the the Project
Project
S
 Writing the
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND Concept Paper
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

MINI TASK:
Writing a Concept Essay
If there is one type of English essay that holds virtually limitless opportunities for
exploration, it is the concept essay. By culling your knowledge and personal experience
and combining it with vivid, colorful examples, you can make a concept essay a uniquely
personal and memorable experience -- for both you and the reader.

Step 1
Steer away from concepts that have strictly objective definitions. These are not open to
interpretation and so will give you precious little to write about. If there is a dictionary
definition for your concept, then do not choose it as the subject for your essay.

Step 2
Choose a concept that you feel strongly about and can illustrate with examples. Think in
terms of concepts that are inherently subjective, such as “success,” “courage,” “security”
and “fulfillment.” These concepts are abstract and so will require you to define and
explain your terms.

Step 3
Begin your concept essay with an anecdote that both sets the tone for and captures the
essence of your essay. Like all introductions, it should be engaging and attention-
grabbing.

Step 4
Conclude your introduction with a compelling thesis that is logical and reasoned and also
distinctive and personal. Remember that you are largely defining the concept by your
terms. A thesis statement for an essay on the concept of success might fully engage a
reader if it said, “I've been broke, I've been wealthy and I've been everywhere in
between, so success to me has nothing to do with money and everything to do with
sharing my life with someone truly special.”

Step 5
Keep your essay running on the rails by maintaining your focus. In this example, you
would have to explain how monetary wealth still didn't fill you with a sense of success.
Spend most of your time in this essay developing your point about sharing your life with
someone special. Buttress your point with examples.

Step 6
Conclude your concept essay by restating your premise with a fresh anecdote. Concept
essays often end best when the reader is left with an interesting idea to ponder or reflect
upon.

Source: http://classroom.synonym.com/write-concept-essay-college-english-1204.html

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 Writing the
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND Concept Paper
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name: _______________________________________________ Score: ___________

Grade and Section:______________________ Date: ____________

Directions: Conceptualize a subject for your essay . (Arts, Business, Politics, Literature,
Science, Sports, Tourism, Culinary, Information technology). Please be guided with the
following parts of the paper. The Essay will be 600-800 words.
(Use a separate sheet if needed)

TITLE/ SUBJECT: _____________________________________________________________

A. Introduction
The introductory paragraph announces your subject and gives an indication of the
important points of the essay. Also, the instruction contains the thesis statement. A
Thesis statement is a sentence or two that states the central idea of the paper. The
thesis statement allows the readers to clearly understand the purpose of the essay.

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 Writing the
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND Concept Paper
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

B. Body Paragraphs
Compose body paragraphs that support your thesis. Each paragraph conveys one main
point. That main point is stated in the topic sentence of the paragraph. The rest of the
paragraph should support that topic sentence, and all paragraphs should support the
overall thesis.
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 Writing the
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND Concept Paper
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

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C. Conclusion
Remind the reader of the main idea of your essay. A conclusion summarizes the main
points of the paper.
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 Writing the
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND Concept Paper
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

MINI TASK:
Writing a Concept Paper
Directions: Write a concept paper for one of the concepts listed under your field of
specialization or discipline.

Suggested Format for a Concept Paper

Introduction
Purpose
Project Description Goals and Objectives
Research Questions Methodology Timelines Benefits/Anticipated Outcomes
Support Needed & Costs (if requested)
Contact Information

Arts and Design- Artistic License

ABM- E- Commerce

GAS- Human Trafficking

Humss- Poetic License, Policy Making

STEM- Genetic Adaptation

ICT- Internet Etiquette

SPORTS- Exercise Program

Tour Guiding- Ecotourism, National Heritage sites

Cookery- Food Porn, Food Blogging

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