Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119

Computer program for determination of geometrical properties of

thin-walled beams with open pro®le
A. ProkicÂ
University of Subotica, KozaracÏka 2a, Yugoslavia
Received 23 December 1996; accepted 9 January 1998

Abstract
This article presents a computer program for the determination of the torsional and ¯exural properties of thin-walled beams with arbitrary
open cross-section. The program is written in FORTRAN 77. Some numerical examples are given, with complete information about input
and output. q 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Thin-walled beam; Torsional; Flexural

1. Introduction thickness and Saint Venant shear stresses t s are given by

N M My M
It is often necessary in structural analysis to determine the sz ˆ 1 x xp 1 y 1 w wp
geometrical properties of thin-walled beams, with open F Ixx Iyy p Iww
cross-section, as de®ned by Vlasov. The hand calculation …1†
Q S^ Qy S^y T S^ T
used to determine them, although mostly elementary, is tw ˆ 2 x x 2 2 w w ts ˆ 2 s e
tedious, time consuming and numerical errors are easily Ixx t Iyy t Iww t KT
introduced.
Although many papers have been written on behavior of in which N ˆ normal force, Mx, My ˆ bending moment with
thin-walled beams no general computer program for the respect to the x and y axes, Mw ˆ bimoment, Qx, Qy ˆ shear
determination of the torsional and ¯exural properties of force in the x and y direction, Tw ˆ warping torsion moment,
thin sections is available. A computer program for thin- and Ts ˆ Saint Venant torsion moment.
walled frame analysis has been given by Gurujee and To obtain normal and shear stresses from Eq. (1) the
Shah [1], but the calculation of section properties must be following parameters, that depend on geometrical properties
prepared by the user. Paz et al. [2] developed a computer of cross-section, must be precalculated:
program only for the determination of centroid and shear F area of cross section,
R 2
center of thin sections. Yoo and Acra [3] presented numer- Ixx F xp dF moment of inertia about
ical procedures for computation of cross-sectional proper- principal centroidal x-axis,
ties of thin-walled multi-cellular sections, however without R 2
Iyy F yp dF moment of inertia about
presenting the listing of the source program.
principal centroidal y-axis,
The computer program presented here is fairly common.
The number of input data is minimized and there are no set w* generalized warping function,
rules to follow in the joint and element numbering, which R 2
Iww F wp dF principal sectorial moment of
makes the program application easy even by a practicing
inertia (warping constant),
engineer who cannot go into detail of thin-walled theory. Rs Rs
S^x ˆ 0 xp dF ˆ 0 xdF statical function moment of
area about principal centroidal
x-axis,
2. Theoretical background Rs Rs
S^y ˆ 0 yp dF ˆ 0 ydF statical function moment of
It is well known from Vlasov's theory that normal stres- area about principal centroidal
ses s z, shear stresses t w uniformly distributed over the wall y-axis,
0965-9978/99/$ - see front matter q 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
PII: S 0965-997 8(98)00062-3
110 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119

In evaluating integrals S^ x , S^ y and S^ w the next rule is

generated internally by the computer program; for both
bending shear ¯ows and warping shear ¯ows the sum of
all input ¯ows must be equal to the sum of all output
¯ows at a node. At free edges the following must hold:
S^ x ˆ S^ y ˆ S^w ˆ 0.
The standard procedure for evaluating the cross-section
properties of open pro®le was described by Murray [5].
Only a brief recapitulation of procedure will be given at
this point.
1. In the ®rst step we ®nd all the section properties starting
with an arbitrary set of axes xO y,
 with pole P located at
Fig. 1. Section geometry. the origin and starting point O1 located at the ®rst joint of
pro®le. The determination of the geometrical properties
of sections composed of rectangular segments will be
Rs Rs given later.
S^w ˆ 0 wp dF ˆ 0 wdF statical warping function 2. A parallel shift of reference axes to the centroid C, whose
moment, and coordinates are de®ned as
R R R
KT ˆ 1=3 t3 ds torsion (Saint Venant) constant x^ dF y dF
F xc ˆ F p yc ˆ F p …4†
F F
Besides a Cartesian coordinate system xOy we introduce The location of P is retained but the coordinates of the
a curvilinear coordinate system whose coordinates e and s starting point are chosen in a way which makes
are measured normal and along to the middle line of cross- Z
section (Fig. 1). For an arbitrarily taken point P, called the Sw ˆ wp dF ˆ 0 …5†
pole, and starting point O1 on pro®le line, the generalized F

warping function is de®ned as The new reference coordinate system is now xC ~ y.

~
Zs 3. The axes x~ and y~ should be rotated in the direction of the
wp ˆ hp ds 1 hnp e ˆ w 1 hnp e …2† principal axes x and y, the angle of rotation C being
0 given by
where hp and hnp (perpendicular distance from tangent and 2Ix~y~
tg2c ˆ …6†
normal at point S* to the point P) are positive when normal n~ Ix~x~ 2 Iy~y~
and tangent ~t, respectively, are rotating counterclockwise
about the pole P, when observed from the positive z direc- The pole is moved to the shear center which is chosen so
tion. that
The second term on the right-hand side of Eq. (2) deter- Z Z
Ixw ˆ xp wp dF ˆ 0 Iyw ˆ yp wp dF ˆ 0 …7†
mines the relative warping in relation to the midline of F F
cross-section. This term has little effect on the torsional
properties of a thin pro®le and most frequently is neglected
in the technical theory of thin-walled beams. However, its
inclusion does not present additional dif®culties, and there-
fore this term has been included in the computer program. 3. Numerical procedure
The warping by de®nition must be the same at a node where
The determination of cross-sectional properties can read-
a number of members are joined together.
ily be obtained if the arbitrary midline of cross-section is
Taking into account Eq. (2) we obtain the following
approximated by a polygonal one. In this case the section is
expression for warping constant and sectorial product of
composed of a series of mutually connected prismatic thin-
area
walled segments (elements). The number of elements
Z 1 Z 3 2 adopted depends on the desired accuracy. Points at which
Iww ˆ w2 dF 1 t h ds two or more elements are connected will be indicated as
F 12 s np
joints of cross-section.
Z 1 Z 3 Marking the joints of a segment with i and j (Fig. 2), we
Ixw ˆ xwdF 1 t h cos a ds …3†
F 12 s np may write
Z 1 Z 3 xp ˆ xi 2 s sin a 1 e cos a yp ˆ yi 1 s cos a 1 e sin a
Iyw ˆ ywdF 1 t h sin a ds
F 12 s np …8†
 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119 111

and further, supposing that the pole P is located at the origin

hp ˆ xi cos a 1 yi sin a 1 e

…9†
hnp ˆ xi sin a 2 yi cos a 2 s

Now, all integrals can easily be derived explicitly in the

form convenient for programming [6]

" #
X  xi 1 xj 2 1  3 2 3 2

Ixx ˆ lt 1 lt cos a 1 l t sin a
2 12
" #
X  y i 1 y j 2 1  3 2 3 2

Iy y ˆ lt 1 lt sin a 1 l t cos a
2 12
Fig. 2. Polygonal segment of cross-section.
"
X  xi 1 xj  yi 1 yj 
Ixy ˆ lt
2 2
#
1  3 
1 lt 2 l3 t sin a cos a
12
X 1

Sx ˆ x i lt 2 l2 t sin a
2
X  
1
Sy ˆ y i lt 2 l2 t cos a
2
1X 3
KT ˆ lt
3
"
X 1 
Ixw
 ˆ 2xi wi 1 2xj wj 1 xi wj 1 xj wi lt
6
  #
1 1
Fig. 3. Cross-section geometry. 1 x sin a cos a 2 yi cos a 2 l cos a lt3
2
12 i 2
"
X 1 
 ˆ
Iyw 2yi wi 1 2yj wj 1 yi wj 1 yj wi lt
6
Table 1
Input data
  #
1 2 1
1 x sin a 2 yi sin a cos a 2 l sin a lt3
8 7 2 12 i 12
(
15. 0. X 1 2 
0. 0. Iww ˆ wi 1 w2j 1 wi wj lt
0. 30. 3
60. 30. "
70. 30. 1 ÿ

60. 2 30. 1 xi sin a 2 yi cos a 2
45. 2 30. 12
75 2 30. )
1 2 2. ÿ 1

2 3 1. 1 yi cos a 2 xi sin a l 1 l2 Šlt3
3
3 4 1.5
4 5 1.5 …10†
4 6 1.
6 7 2. where S represents the sum of each segment of the cross-
6 8 2.
section.
112 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119

4. Computer program

This computer application is based on the computer

language FORTRAN 77 and as such is suitable for analyz-
ing geometrical properties of thin-walled beams with arbi-
trary open cross-section. The following data should be
prepared according to their respective format, and in the
order in which they should be entered.
SET 1 (A20)
UFILE ˆ name of ®le with input data
SET 2 (3I5)
NUMJ ˆ number of joints
NUME ˆ number of elements Fig. 5. Warping shear ¯ows: statical warping function moment S^ w .
NUMIJ ˆ number of internal nodes per element (only for
output data)
SET 3 (2F10.0)
X(I) ˆ x-coordinate of joint `I', with reference to arbi-
trarily chosen set of axes
Y(I) ˆ y-coordinate of joint `I', with reference to arbi-
trarily chosen set of axes
SET 4 (2I5,F10.0)
N1(I) ˆ ®rst joint of element `I'
N2(I) ˆ second joint of element `I'
TT(I) ˆ thickness of element `I'
Note: joints and elements may be marked arbitrary, and
any of the end joints of an element may be chosen as the ®rst
joint.
A listing of the program is given in Appendix 1.
Fig. 6. Bending shear ¯ows: statical function moment of area S^x .

5. Illustrative examples

5.1. Example 1

The asymmetrical open section shown in Fig. 3 is used as

a ®rst example [4]. The coordinate system is established
arbitrary and the elements and joints are numbered as
shown. The description of input data and computer output
is shown in Table 1.
Figs. 4±7 show the plots of the warping function w,

Fig. 7. Bending shear ¯ows: statical function moment of area S^y .

statical warping function moment S^w , statical function

moment of area S^ x , and statical function moment of area
S^ y , respectively.

5.2. Example 2

This example has been taken from Murray.[5] The

elements and joints are marked quite arbitrarily, as shown
in Fig. 8.
Fig. 4. Warping function w. A listing of the input data and the corresponding output is
 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119 113

Table 2
Output data

NUMBER OF JOINTS ˆ 8
NUMBER OF ELEMENTS ˆ 7

JOINT ORIGINAL AXES PRINCIPAL AXES

X-COORDINATE Y-COORDINATE X-COORDINATE Y-COORDINATE

1 0.15000E 1 02 0.00000E 1 00 2 0.13532E 1 02 2 0.20742E 1 02

2 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00 2 0.24661E 1 02 2 0.30800E 1 02
3 0.00000E 1 00 0.30000E 1 02 2 0.44776E 1 02 2 0.85422E 1 01
4 0.60000E 1 02 0.30000E 1 02 2 0.26082E 1 00 0.31687E 1 02
5 0.70000E 1 02 0.30000E 1 02 0.71583E 1 01 0.38392E 1 02
6 0.60000E 1 02 2 0.30000E 1 02 0.39969E 1 02 2 0.12828E 1 02
7 0.45000E 1 02 2 0.30000E 1 02 0.28840E 1 02 2 0.22885E 1 02
8 0.75000E 1 02 2 0.30000E 1 02 0.51098E 1 02 2 0.27702E 1 01
CENTROID 0.38947E 1 02 0.63158E 1 01 0.000OOE 1 00 0.00000E 1 00
SHEAR CENTER 0.50562E 1 02 0.48632E 1 02 2 0.19755E 1 02 0.39183E 1 02

ELEMENT JOINT-I JOINT-J LENGTH THICKNESS

1 1 2 0.150E 1 02 0.200E 1 01
2 2 3 0.300E 1 02 0.100E 1 01
3 3 4 0.600E 1 02 0.150E 1 01
4 4 5 0.100E 1 02 0.150E 1 01
5 4 6 0.600E 1 02 0.100E 1 01
6 6 7 0.150E 1 02 0.200E 1 01
7 6 8 0.150E 1 02 0.200E 1 01
TOTAL CROSS SECTIONAL AREA ˆ 0.285000E 1 03
MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT X-AXIS ˆ 0.175550E 1 06
MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT Y-AXIS ˆ 0.610257E 1 06
PRODUCT OF INERTIA ˆ 0.225000E 1 04
ANGLE IN RADIANS TO PRINCIPAL COORDINATES ˆ 2 0.734873E 1 00
MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT PRINCIPAL X-AXIS ˆ 0.239265E 1 06
MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT PRINCIPAL Y-AXIS ˆ 0.102858E 1 06
TORSION CONSTANT ˆ 0.228750E 1 03
WARPING CONSTANT ˆ 0.926333E 1 08

JOINT WARPING FUNCTION

1 0.14363E 1 04
2 0.70685E 1 03
3 2 0.81002E 1 03
4 0.30787E 1 03
5 0.49419E 1 03
6 2 0.25839E 1 03
7 2 0.14379E 1 04
8 0.92109E 1 03

WARPINGSTATICAL BENDINGSHEAR BENDINGSHEAR FLOW

MOMENT SW FLOW SX SY

* ELEMENT 1 *
JOINT 1 ˆ 1 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00
2 0.13147E 1 05 2 0.15387E 1 03 2 0.22419E 1 03
3 0.23863E 1 05 2 0.34484E 1 03 2 0.48190E 1 03
JOINT 2 ˆ 4 0.32148E 1 05 2 0.57290E 1 03 2 0.77313E 1 03
* ELEMENT 2 *
JOINT 2 ˆ 1 0.32148E 1 05 2 0.57290E 1 03 2 0.77313E 1 03
2 0.36688E 1 05 2 0.85303E 1 03 2 0.10440E 1 04
3 0.36172E 1 05 2 0.12002E 1 04 2 0.12407E 1 04
JOINT 3 ˆ 4 0.30600E 1 05 2 0.16144E 1 04 2 0.13633E 1 04
* ELEMENT 3 *
JOINT 3 ˆ 1 0.30600E 1 05 2 0.16144E 1 04 2 0.13633E 1 04
2 0.11889E 1 05 2 0.27351E 1 04 2 0.14184E 1 04
3 0.43564E 1 04 2 0.34107E 1 04 2 0.10712E 1 04
114 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119

JOINT 4 ˆ 4 0.80031E 1 04 2 0.36411E 1 04 2 0.32173E 1 03

* ELEMENT 4 *
JOINT 4 ˆ 1 2 0.60154E 1 04 2 0.51731E 1 02 2 0.52560E 1 03
2 2 0.43208E 1 04 2 0.46853E 1 02 2 0.36157E 1 03
3 2 0.23157E 1 04 2 0.29609E 1 02 2 0.18637E 1 03
JOINT 5 ˆ 4 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00
* ELEMENT 5 *
JOINT 4 ˆ 1 0.14019E 1 05 2 0.35894E 1 04 0.20387E 1 03
2 0.18288E 1 05 2 0.34605E 1 04 0.68923E 1 03
3 0.18783E 1 05 2 0.30634E 1 04 0.87783E 1 03
JOINT 6 ˆ 4 0.15503E 1 05 2 0.23981E 1 04 0.76966E 1 03
* ELEMENT 6 *
JOINT 6 ˆ 1 0.25444E 1 05 2 0.10321E 1 04 0.53569E 1 03
2 0.20894E 1 05 2 0.65099E 1 03 0.39065E 1 03
3 0.12413E 1 05 2 0.30695E 1 03 0.21209E 1 03
JOINT 7 ˆ 4 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00
* ELEMENT 7 *
JOINT 6 ˆ 1 2 0.99406E 1 04 2 0.13660E 1 04 0.23397E 1 03
2 2 0.10559E 1 05 2 0.94776E 1 03 0.12245E 1 03
3 2 0.72451E 1 04 2 0.49243E 1 03 0.44465E 1 02
JOINT 8 ˆ 4 0.92768E 2 10 0.90949E 2 12 2 0.85265E 2 13

Fig. 9. Warping function w.

Fig. 8. Cross-section geometry.

Fig. 10. Warping shear ¯ows: statical warping function moment S^ w .

Table 3
Input data

5 4 3

0. 40.
20. 0.
20. 40.
2 20. 40.
0. 0.
5 2 2.
3 1 3.
1 5 2.
4 1 3.
Fig. 11. Bending shear ¯ows: statical function moment of area S^x .
 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119 115

Table 4
Output data

NUMBER OF JOINTS ˆ 5

NUMBER OF ELEMENTS ˆ 4

JOINT ORIGINAL AXES PRINCIPAL AXES

X-COORDINATE Y-COORDINATE X-COORDINATE Y-COORDINATE

1 0.00000E 1 00 0.40000E 1 02 0.13954E 1 01 0.13364E 1 02

2 0.20000E 1 02 0.00000E 1 00 0.11820E 1 02 2 0.30125E 1 02
3 0.20000E 1 02 0.40000E 1 02 0.20876E 1 02 0.88363E 1 01
4 2 0.20000E 1 02 0.40000E 1 02 2 0.18085E 1 02 0.17893E 1 02
5 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00 2 0.76609E 1 01 2 0.25597E 1 02
CENTROID 0.16667E 1 01 0.26667E 1 02 0.000OOE 1 00 0.00000E 1 00
SHEAR CENTER 2 0.56316E 1 01 0.33856E 1 02 2 0.54809E 1 01 0.86555E 1 01

ELEMENT JOINT-I JOINT-J LENGTH THICKNESS

1 2 5 0.200E 1 02 0.200E 1 01
2 1 3 0.200E 1 02 0.300E 1 01
3 5 1 0.400E 1 02 0.200E 1 01
4 1 4 0.200E 1 02 0.300E 1 01
TOTAL CROSS SECTIONAL AREA ˆ 0.240000E 1 03
MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT X-AXIS ˆ 0.234770E 1 06
MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT Y-AXIS ˆ 0.213600E 1 05
PRODUCT OF INERTIA ˆ 0.000000E 1 00
ANGLE IN RADIANS TO PRINCIPAL COORDINATES ˆ 0.228387E 1 00
MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT PRINCIPAL X-AXIS ˆ 0.665827E 1 05
MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT PRINCIPAL Y-AXIS ˆ 0.182139E 1 05
TORSION CONSTANT ˆ 0.520000E 1 03
WARPING CONSTANT ˆ 0.394255E 1 07
JOINT WARPING FUNCTION
1 0.18660E 1 02
2 0.47053E 1 03
3 2 0.10421E 1 03
4 0.14153E 1 03
5 2 0.20660E 1 03

WARPINGSTATICAL BENDINGSHEAR FLOW BENDINGSHEAR FLOW

MOMENT SW SX SY

* ELEMENT 1 *
JOINT 2 ˆ 1 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00
2 0.38589E 1 04 0.93847E 1 02 2 0.29559E 1 03
3 0.60249E 1 04 0.13899E 1 03 2 0.57986E 1 03
4 0.64981E 1 04 0.13543E 1 03 2 0.85281E 1 03
JOINT 5 ˆ 5 0.52785E 1 04 0.83177E 1 02 2 0.11144E 1 04
* ELEMENT 2 *
JOINT 1 ˆ 1 0.25665E 1 04 2 0.66814E 1 03 2 0.66602E 1 03
2 0.26160E 1 04 2 0.61069E 1 03 2 0.47405E 1 03
3 0.22048E 1 04 2 0.48018E 1 03 2 0.29905E 1 03
4 0.13328E 1 04 2 0.27661E 1 03 2 0.14103E 1 03
JOINT 3 ˆ 5 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00 0.00000E 1 00
* ELEMENT 3 *
JOINT 5 ˆ 1 0.52785E 1 04 0.83177E 1 02 2 0.11144E 1 04
2 0.17096E 1 04 2 0.47401E 1 02 2 0.15290E 1 04
3 2 0.73299E 1 03 2 0.13270E 1 03 2 0.17487E 1 04
4 2 0.20493E 1 04 2 0.17271E 1 03 2 0.17736E 1 04
JOINT 1 ˆ 5 2 0.22392E 1 04 2 0.16744E 1 03 2 0.16037E 1 04
* ELEMENT 4 *
JOINT 1 ˆ 1 2 0.48057E 1 04 0.50070E 1 03 2 0.93771E 1 03
2 2 0.42954E 1 04 0.48510E 1 03 2 0.72875E 1 03
3 2 0.33244E 1 04 0.39645E 1 03 2 0.50282E 1 03
4 2 0.18926E 1 04 0.23475E 1 03 2 0.25990E 1 03
JOINT 4 ˆ 5 2 0.63665E 2 11 2 0.11369E 2 12 2 0.34106E 2 12
116 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119

REAL*8 IXX,IYY,IXY,IXXC,IYYC,IXYC,IW-
X,IWY,IWXC,IWYC,I1,I2,IWW
DIMENSION XN(20),YN(20),W(20),NU-
MAJ(20),NUMAAJ(20),SSW(20,20)
1,NEJI(5,20),QX(20,20),QY(20,20),IAC-
TE(20),N1(20),N2(20),X(20)
2,Y(20),DD(20),TT(20),NUMAJA(20)
WRITE (*,500)
500 FORMAT (`FILE WITH INPUT DATA ˆ ')
READ (*,510) UFILE
510 FORMAT (A20)
OPEN (2,FILE ˆ UFILE)
Fig. 12. Bending shear ¯ows: statical function moment of area S^ y . OPEN (3,FILE ˆ `PRN:',STATUS ˆ `NEW')
READ (2,520) NUMJ,NUME,NUMIJ
given in Tables 3 and 4, and the results are plotted in Figs. 520 FORMAT (3I5)
9±12. WRITE (3,525) NUMJ,NUME
525 FORMAT (8X,`NUMBER OF JOINTS ˆ ',I3,/
,8X,`NUMBER OF ELEMENTS ˆ ' 1,I3,//)
6. Conclusion DO 10 I ˆ 1,NUMJ
10 READ (2,530) X(I),Y(I)
The hand calculations of geometrical properties of a thin- 530 FORMAT (2F10.0)
walled beam with a complex cross-section are tedious and DO 20 I ˆ 1,NUME
dif®cult. The presented computer program provides an 20 READ (2,535) N1(I),N2(I),TT(I)
opportunity for an automatic evaluation of open cross- 535 FORMAT (2I5,F10.0)
sectional properties of thin-walled beams. The geometrical DO 30 I ˆ 1,NUME
data which need to be entered to perform the analysis have 30 IACTE(I) ˆ 1
been brought to the minimum: the coordinates of joints, the DO 40 I ˆ 1,NUMJ
elements connecting them and their thickness. The listing of Kˆ0
the computer program is given. DO 50 J ˆ 1,NUME
IF ((N1(J).EQ.I).OR.(N2(J).EQ.I)) THEN
KˆK11
NEJI(K,I) ˆ J
Appendix A. Listing of the source program END IF
50 CONTINUE
NUMAJ(I) ˆ K
PROGRAM TWBOCS NUMAAJ(I) ˆ K
C NUMAJA(I) ˆ K
C UFILE ˆ NAME OF FILE WITH INPUT DATA IF (NUMAJA(I).GT.2) NUMAJA(I) ˆ 2
C JK ˆ DISPLAY OF OUTPUT DATA (3 ˆ 40 CONTINUE
PRINTER, 4 ˆ MONITOR) DO 60 I ˆ 1,NUME
C NUMJ ˆ NUMBER OF JOINTS DD(I) ˆ DSQRT((X(N2(I))-X(N1(I)))**2 1
C NUME ˆ NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN CROSS (Y(N2(I))-Y(N1(I)))**2)
SECTION CALL COM (N1(I),N2(I),X(N2(I)),X(N1(I)),Y(-
C NUMIJ ˆ NUMBER OF INTERNAL NODES N2(I)),Y(N1(I)),DD(I)
PER ELEMENT (ONLY FOR OUTPUT DATA) 1,TT(I))
C X(I) ˆ X-COORDINATE OF JOINT `I' F ˆ F 1 D*T
C Y(I) ˆ Y-COORDINATE OF JOINT `I' IXX ˆ IXX 1 ((X2 1 X1)/2.)**2*D*T 1
C N1(I) ˆ FIRST JOINT NUMBER OF ELEMENT D*T**3/12.*C**2 1 D**3*T/12.*S**2
`I' IYY ˆ IYY 1 ((Y2 1 Y1)/2.)**2*D*T 1
C N2(I) ˆ SECOND JOINT NUMBER OF D*T**3/12.*S**2 1 D**3*T/12.*C**2
ELEMENT `I' IXY ˆ IXY 1 (Y2 1 Y1)*(X2 1 X1)/4.*D*T 1
C TT(I) ˆ WIDTH OF ELEMENT `I' (D*T**3/12.-D**3*T/12.)*S*C
C SX ˆ SX 1 X1*D*T-0.5*D**2*T*S
IMPLICIT REAL*8 (A-H,O-Z) SY ˆ SY 1 Y1*D*T 1 0.5*D**2*T*C
CHARACTER*20 UFILE 60 SV ˆ SV 1 D*T**3/3.
COMMON NI,NJ,X2,X1,Y2,Y1,D,T,S,C Kˆ0
 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119 117

II ˆ 0 XPP ˆ (XP-XC)*COS(PSI) 1 (YP-YC)*SIN(PSI)

90 LL ˆ 0 YPP ˆ -(XP-XC)*SIN(PSI) 1 (YP-
DO 70 I ˆ 1,NUMJ YC)*COS(PSI)
IF (K.NE.0) II ˆ NUMAJ(I) WRITE (3,540)
IF ((NUMAJA(I).EQ.1).AND.(II.NE.1)) THEN 540 FORMAT (/,27X,`ORIGINAL AXES',16X,`-
LL ˆ 1 PRINCIPAL AXES',/, 111X,`JOINT',2(5X,`X-
KˆK11 COORDINATE',1X,`Y-COORDINATE'),/)
DO 80 J ˆ 1,NUMAJ(I) DO 120 I ˆ 1,NUMJ
NN ˆ NEJI(J,I) XIC ˆ X(I)-XC
IF (IACTE(NN).EQ.1) THEN YIC ˆ Y(I)-YC
IF (N2(NN).EQ.I) THEN W(I) ˆ W(I)-WO 1 YP*XIC-XP*YIC
KK ˆ N1(NN) XN(I) ˆ XIC*COS(PSI) 1 YIC*SIN(PSI)
N1(NN) ˆ N2(NN) YN(I) ˆ -XIC*SIN(PSI) 1 YIC*COS(PSI)
N2(NN) ˆ KK 120 WRITE (3,545) I,X(I),Y(I),XN(I),YN(I)
END IF 545 FORMAT (12X,I2,7X,E12.5,1X,E12.5,5X,-
CALL COM E12.5,1X,E12.5)
(N1(NN),N2(NN),X(N2(NN)),X(N1(NN)),Y(N2(- WRITE (3,550) XC,YC
NN)),Y(N1(NN)) 550 FORMAT
1,DD(NN),TT(NN)) (9X,`CENTROID',4X,E12.5,1X,E12.5,6X,`0.000-
W(NJ) ˆ W(NI) 1 (X1*C 1 Y1*S)*D OOE 1 00',2X, 1`0.00000E 1 00')
IACTE(NN) ˆ 0 WRITE (3,555) XP,YP,XPP,YPP
NUMAJA(NI) ˆ NUMAJA(NI)-1 555 FORMAT (7X,`SHEAR CENTER',2-
NUMAJA(NJ) ˆ NUMAJA(NJ)-1 X,E12.5,1X,E12.5,7X,E12.5,1X,E12.5)
END IF WRITE (3,560)
80 CONTINUE 560 FORMAT (//,8X,`ELEMENT',4X,`JOINT-
END IF I',2X,`JOINT-J',4X,`LENGTH',4X, 1`THICK-
70 CONTINUE NESS',/)
IF (LL.EQ.1) GOTO 90 DO 130 I ˆ 1,NUME
DO 110 I ˆ 1,NUME CALL COM (N1(I),N2(I),XN(N2(I)),XN(-
CALL COM (N1(I),N2(I),X(N2(I)),X(N1(I)),Y(- N1(I)),YN(N2(I)),YN(N1(I)) 1,DD(I),TT(I))
N2(I)),Y(N1(I)),DD(I) WRITE (3,565) I,NI,NJ,D,T
1,TT(I)) 565 FORMAT (10X,I2,8X,I3,6X,I3,4X,-
IWX ˆ IWX 1 (2.*X1*W(NI) 1 2.*X2*W(NJ) 1 E10.3,2X,E10.3)
X1*W(NJ) 1 X2*W(NI))/6.*D*T 130 IWW ˆ IWW 1 (W(NI)**2 1 W(NJ)**2 1
1 1 T**3/12.*D*(X1*S*C-Y1*C**2-D/2.*C) W(NI)*W(NJ))/3.*D*T
IWY ˆ IWY 1 (2.*Y1*W(NI) 1 2.*Y2*W(NJ) 1 1 1 T**3/12.*D*(((X1-XPP)*S-(Y1-
Y1*W(NJ) 1 Y2*W(NI))/6.*D*T YPP)*C)**2-D*(X1-XPP)*S
1 1 T**3/12.*D*(X1*S**2-Y1*S*C-D/2.*S) 2 1 D*(Y1-YPP)*C 1 D*D/3.)
110 SW ˆ SW 1 (W(NI) 1 W(NJ))/2.*D*T WRITE (3,570) F,IYY,IXX,IXY,PSI,I2,I1,S-
XC ˆ SX/F V,IWW
YC ˆ SY/F 570 FORMAT (//,8X,`TOTAL CROSS SECTIONAL
IXXC ˆ IXX-XC**2*F AREA ˆ ',E14.6
IYYC ˆ IYY-YC**2*F 1,/,8X,`MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT X-
IXYC ˆ IXY-XC*YC*F AXIS ˆ ',E14.6
PSI ˆ ATAN(2.*IXYC/(IXXC-IYYC))/2. 2,/,8X,`MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT Y-
WO ˆ SW/F AXIS ˆ ',E14.6
IWXC ˆ IWX-XC*SW 3,/,8X,`PRODUCT OF INERTIA ˆ ',E14.6
IWYC ˆ IWY-YC*SW 4,/,8X,`ANGLE IN RADIANS TO PRINCIPAL
I1 ˆ 0.5*(IXXC 1 IYYC)-0.5*DSQRT((IYYC- COORDINATES ˆ ',E14.6
IXXC)**2 1 4.*IXYC**2) 5,/,8X,`MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT PRIN-
I2 ˆ 0.5*(IXXC 1 IYYC) 1 0.5*DSQRT((IYYC- CIPAL X-AXIS ˆ ',E14.6
IXXC)**2 1 4.*IXYC**2) 6,/,8X,`MOMENT OF INERTIA ABOUT PRIN-
XP ˆ (IWYC*IXXC-IWXC*IXYC)/ CIPAL Y-AXIS ˆ ',E14.6
(IXXC*IYYC-IXYC**2) 7,/,8X,`TORSION CONSTANT ˆ ',E14.6
YP ˆ (IWYC*IXYC-IWXC*IYYC)/ 8,/,8X,`WARPING CONSTANT ˆ ',E14.6,/)
(IXXC*IYYC-IXYC**2) WRITE (3,575)
118 A. Prokic / Advances in Engineering Software 30 (1999) 109±119

575 FORMAT (/,8X,`JOINT',5X,`WARPING FUNC- 1L MOMENT SW',3X,`SHEAR FLOW

TION',/) QX',3X,`SHEAR FLOW QY',/)
DO 140 I ˆ 1,NUMJ NUMIJ1 ˆ NUMIJ 1 1
140 WRITE (3,580) I,W(I) NUMIJ2 ˆ NUMIJ 1 2
580 FORMAT (9X,I2,9X,E12.5) DO 190 I ˆ 1,NUME
DO 150 I ˆ 1,NUME NI ˆ N1(I)
150 IACTE(I) ˆ 1 NJ ˆ N2(I)
DO 160 I ˆ 1,NUMJ WRITE (3,590) I,NI,SSW(NI,NJ),QX(NI,NJ),-
II ˆ I QY(NI,NJ)
180 IF (NUMAAJ(II).EQ.1) THEN 590 FORMAT (8X,`* ELEMENT',I3,`*',//
S ˆ 0. ,8X,`JOINT',I3,` ˆ 1',5X,E12.5,
QXX ˆ 0. 16X,E12.5,4X,E12.5)
QYY ˆ 0. DO 200 J ˆ 1,NUMIJ
DO 170 J ˆ 1,NUMAJ(II) WN ˆ W(NI) 1 (W(NJ)-W(NI))*J/NUMIJ1
NN ˆ NEJI(J,II) XNN ˆ XN(NI) 1 (XN(NJ)-XN(NI))*J/NUMIJ1
NI ˆ N1(NN) YNN ˆ YN(NI) 1 (YN(NJ)-YN(NI))*J/NUMIJ1
NJ ˆ N2(NN) SSWN ˆ SSW(NI,NJ) 1 (W(NI) 1 WN)/
IF (NI.EQ.II) THEN 2.*DD(I)*J/NUMIJ1*TT(I)
S ˆ S 1 SSW(NI,NJ) QXN ˆ QX(NI,NJ) 1 (XN(NI) 1 XNN)/
QXX ˆ QXX 1 QX(NI,NJ) 2.*DD(I)*J/NUMIJ1*TT(I)
QYY ˆ QYY 1 QY(NI,NJ) QYN ˆ QY(NI,NJ) 1 (YN(NI) 1 YNN)/
ELSE 2.*DD(I)*J/NUMIJ1*TT(I)
S ˆ S-SSW(NJ,NI) JJ ˆ J 1 1
QXX ˆ QXX-QX(NJ,NI) 200 WRITE (3,595) JJ,SSWN,QXN,QYN
QYY ˆ QYY-QY(NJ,NI) 595 FORMAT (18X,I3,5X,E12.5,6X,E12.5,4X,E12.5)
END IF 190 WRITE (3,600) NJ,NUMIJ2,SSW(NJ,-
IF (IACTE(NN).EQ.1) THEN NI),QX(NJ,NI),QY(NJ,NI)
NUMAAJ(NI) ˆ NUMAAJ(NI)-1 600 FORMAT (8X,`JOINT',I3,` ˆ
NUMAAJ(NJ) ˆ NUMAAJ(NJ)-1 ',I3,5X,E12.5,6X,E12.5,4X,E12.5/)
IACTE(NN) ˆ 0 END
JJ ˆ NJ SUBROUTINE COM (N1,N2,XNJ,XNI,YNJ,Y-
IF (NI.NE.II) JJ ˆ NI NI,DD,TT)
NNS ˆ NN IMPLICIT REAL*8 (A-H,O-Z)
END IF COMMON NI,NJ,X2,X1,Y2,Y1,D,T,S,C
170 CONTINUE NI ˆ N1
ISIGN ˆ 1 NJ ˆ N2
IF (N1(NNS).EQ.II) ISIGN ˆ -1 X2 ˆ XNJ
SSW(II,JJ) ˆ S*ISIGN X1 ˆ XNI
QX(II,JJ) ˆ QXX*ISIGN Y2 ˆ YNJ
QY(II,JJ) ˆ QYY*ISIGN Y1 ˆ YNI
ISIGN ˆ -1 D ˆ DD
IF (N1(NNS).EQ.II) ISIGN ˆ 1 T ˆ TT
SSW(JJ,II) ˆ SSW(II,JJ) 1 (W(II) 1 W(JJ))/ S ˆ (X1-X2)/D
2.*DD(NNS)*TT(NNS)*ISIGN C ˆ (Y2-Y1)/D
QX(JJ,II) ˆ QX(II,JJ) 1 (XN(II) 1 XN(JJ))/ END
2.*DD(NNS)*TT(NNS)*ISIGN
QY(JJ,II) ˆ QY(II,JJ) 1 (YN(II) 1 YN(JJ))/
2.*DD(NNS)*TT(NNS)*ISIGN
II ˆ JJ
GOTO 180
END IF References
160 CONTINUE
[1] Gurujee CS, Shah KR. A computer program for thin walled frame
WRITE (3,585) analysis. Adv Eng Software 1989;11:58±70.
585 FORMAT (//,28X,`WARPING',12X,`BEN- [2] Paz M, Strehl CP, Schrader P. Computer determination of the shear
DING',9X,`BENDING',/,23X,`STATICA center of open and closed sections. Comput Struct 1976;6:117±25.
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[3] Yoo CH, Acra VS. Cross-sectional properties of thin-walled multi- [5] Murray NW. Introduction to the Theory of Thin-walled Structures.
cellular section. Comput Struct 1986;22:53±61. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
[4] Kollbrunner CF, Hajdin N. Dunnwandige stabe. Band 1. Berlin: [6] Prokic A. New warping function for thin-walled beams. II: ®nite
Springer. element method and applications. J Struct Eng 1996;12:1443±53.