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JOÃO F. ALMEIDA
MIGUEL S. LOURENÇO
Novembro 2014
RITTER (1899)
M V z
C cot g N
z 2 zs
M V z zs
T cot g N
z 2 zs
3
“ESFORÇO TRANSVERSO” ↔ “ Ligação alma – banzos ”
4
“ESFORÇO TRANSVERSO” ↔ “ Torção ”
Ak
tef,i
linha média
uk
t
Asw TEdi
fywd cot VEdi =
s 2Ak
T Ed V Ed
+ 1
T Rd,máx V Rd,máx
5
“ESFORÇO TRANSVERSO” ↔ “Região do apoio” – continuidade entre zonas “B” e “D”
z cotg
Tf Va cot 1
d
V
z
Va q0.5 a1 d1 z cot
fsw
Tf T
z cot
fsw
d1
Va
aF d1 cotg
“D” “B”
“D”
Reineck, K.-H., J.; Lourenço, M.; Almeida, J.; Haugerud, S.-A. 2011 : “Gaining experience with strut and tie models for the design of concrete
structures”. in Design Examples for strut and tie models, fib Bulletin 61, Lausanne. 6
“ESFORÇO TRANSVERSO” ↔ Transmissão de cargas “próximas” dos apoios
Modelo STM Modelo de campos de tensões
EUROCÓDIGO 2 §5.6 Plastic Analysis
1
a1 aF x cot g
2
F2 1 2a
1 z / 2 a 2z
F 3 z
FIP/fib Recommendations 1999 : “Practical Design of Structural Concrete”. FIP-Commission 3 "Practical Design", Sept. 1996. Publ.: SETO, London,
7
Sept. 1999. (Distributed by: fib, Lausanne. Web http://www.fib-international.org) 7
EXERCÍCIO : Dimensionar / Verificar a segurança
1200 kN 1200 kN
3.00 3.00
2.00
3.50
1200 kN
"V" [kN]
"M" [kN.m]
3600 kN.m
EST Ø8//0.10 3Ø16 EST Ø8//0.20 EST Ø8//0.20 3Ø16 EST Ø8//0.10
11Ø25 11Ø25
9Ø20 9Ø20
8
9
3Ø16 EST Ø8//0.10 EST Ø8//0.20 EST Ø8//0.20 EST Ø8//0.10 3Ø16
Em diversas regiões do elemento, não é aplicável a teoria das peças lineares
3600 kN.m
-1926.76
-1670.92
-2275.69
-2275.69
-2651.64
-1536.53
-1495.45
-143.56
-33.77
54
-1545.64
-21.30
-1745.48
22.
-102.61
-1562.04
-15.25
-1866.68
-1597.75
-2213.15
-2213.15
-2605.36
-137.52
-1456.92
-1413.97
-35.61
73
-1469.42
-23.23
11.
-1681.53
-106.40
-1488.42
-17.17
-1808.81
-1526.69
-134.52
-2151.41
-2151.41
-2559.22
-1379.22
-1334.43
-37.56
15
-1395.24
-0.
-25.22
-1619.96
-1416.96
-110.24
-133.95
-1457.89
-19.19
-1753.22
-2090.52
-1303.59
-1257.00
-2090.52
-2513.13
-39.61
-1323.27
-13.05
-27.28
-135.31
-1560.91
-1347.81
-114.12
-1391.50
-1699.98
-2030.51
1525. 19 1523. 73
-2030.51
1522. 21 1519. 03
-2467.04
1514. 78
1436. 25
-26.94
1506. 60
1427. 74
1473. 43 1481. 78 1490. 10 1498. 37
1465. 05 1419. 19 1410. 60
-138.17
1456. 64
1401. 97
1448. 20
-29.40
1439. 73
1393. 30
-1504.49
-1281.13
1431. 25
1384. 59
-118.06
-1327.69
1422. 74
1373. 72
-1109.33
53
1414. 23
-1159.25
-23.59
-1649.12
1405. 71
1361. 19
-1971.42
1397. 18
1388. 66 1348. 63 1336. 06
-1971.42
-8.
-2420.86
1380. 14
1362. 97 1323. 48 1310. 87 1298. 25
1343. 16
1285. 61
1323. 51
-44.00
-41.80
-1186.55
1272. 95
1304. 05
1284. 80 1260. 27
-142.18
-31.59
1222. 12
-1450.81
22
-1039.50
1247. 05
-122.04
-1266.61
-1090.87
1209. 36
1228. 59
5.
1196. 57
-25.99
-1600.67
1183. 77
-1913.29
1210. 46
-1913.29
1170. 95
-2374.52
1192. 67
1156. 40
-57.60
1175. 26
1141. 51
-46.31
-1122.11
1126. 57
1158. 25
-147.04
14
1141. 67 1111. 59
1096. 56
-1155.83
-972.61
18.
-33.84
1081. 49
-1025.22
1125. 54
-1399.97
-1208.42
-126.08
1066. 37
-28.54
-1554.66
1109. 89
1051. 21
-1856.16
-1856.16
1036. 01
-2327.96
1094. 76
-74.34
1080. 1020. 76
-1060.48
15
-48.69
29
1005. 46
-152.55
1066.
11 990. 12
-908.86
30.
-1097.51
1047.
974. 74
-962.46
-36.17
83
-1352.05
-1153.28
-130.18
1025. 959. 32
-31.24
-1511.08
92
943. 85
-1800.06
-1800.06
1004.
-92.00
928. 34
-2281.11
73
-1001.82
78
912. 59
-158.54
-51.12
984. 31
-848.44
892. 47
41.
964.
-1042.29
-902.73
74 872. 21
-38.57
-1307.12
-1101.34
946.
-134.33
08 851. 81
-34.12
-1469.90
-110.58
831. 26
-1745.03
928.
-1745.03
-2233.90
40 810. 55
69
-946.25
-164.87
-791.53
911.
-53.57
789. 69
52.
77
-846.15
-990.33
896. 768. 65
1347. 52 1345. 88 1344. 16 1342. 36
-1052.77
28
1340. 49
-41.05
747. 46
-1265.23
1338. 54
1358. 84
1336. 51
-138.55
1346. 89 1352. 90
1334. 41
1340. 82
-130.07
1332. 22
1328. 49 1334. 68
882. 1329. 95 1326. 31
-37.17
-1431.08
-1691.11
00
-1691.11
1303. 27
1303. 16
13
1295. 34
-893.92
1296. 89
-171.47
-738.30
704. 57
-2186.28
1290. 48
869. 1284. 05 1287. 46 1279. 53 1271. 55
63.
1277. 62
-56.04
-792.84
02
1263. 52
1271. 18 682. 89
1255. 43
-941.78
1264. 75
857. 1258. 32 1247. 29 1239. 11 661. 08
1230. 87
41 1251. 92
-1007.71
1222. 58
-43.61
-1226.40
1245. 54
639.
-150.47
-142.82
1214. 25
1232. 21
847. 1205. 87 17
-40.43
1218. 57
-1394.56
-688.89
1197. 44
18
-1638.31
25 1205. 14
617.
-178.27
-844.97
1186. 92
-1638.31
19
-2138.18
1191. 96
1174. 64
73.
-742.90
838.
1162. 32
1179. 05
595.
-58.49
61 1149. 97 20
-896.81
1166. 42
1137. 58
1125. 16 573.
1154. 11
831.
-966.31
28
-171.78
1112. 71
1142. 14
57
-46.24
-1190.64
-147.17
1100. 22
-643.52
551.
1130. 53
86
1087. 70
-43.91
-185.24
-1360.27
-799.54
55
826.
-1586.69
1075. 15
1119. 30
-1586.69
17
-696.44
82.
1062. 58
-2089.55
1108. 48
542.
-60.85
47 1037. 34
536.
-194.00
1088. 16
1024. 68
-928.72
-604.74
1078.
1012. 00 26
-1157.92
-48.96
820. 70
-151.57
-192.40
89
1069.
999. 31
-757.78
-47.62
51 73
531.
-1328.09
-653.51
-1536.27
986. 60
-1536.27
91.
1061.
83
-2038.76
27
820. 1053. 971. 87
-63.13
-818.29
31 34 956. 43 529.
-217.12
-572.34
1045.
97 940. 94 06
-895.07
815.
65
1033. 925. 41
-51.76
-199.77
-1128.17
-156.05
89
527.
76
-719.85
-614.41
99.
909. 83
-51.58
1019.
-1297.92
64
-1487.07
30
-1487.07
806. 894. 22
-1974.30
1005.
878. 55
-65.63
29 74
527.
-785.09
-545.82
-241.13
47
993. 862. 85
797. 13 28
-865.47
-207.42
847. 09
105.
981.
-1101.33
27
-54.64
-160.60
-685.91
-588.00
527.
56
831. 29
-55.82
-1269.62
73
-1439.14
788. 971.
-1439.14
08 815. 45
-1910.32
90
17
-68.35
-524.58
-266.04
-756.16
961. 799. 56
76 528.
109.
-215.43
781. 783. 62 80
-840.01
953.
-567.26
25
-656.18
67
-165.23
-57.61
767. 63
-1077.27
530.
-60.34
946.
-1243.05
90
774. 751. 59
-1392.50
34
86
-1392.50
1136. 71
-507.95
39
1134. 35
-1846.84
-286.48
110.
941.
1126. 69
-731.69
937. 1107. 65
-551.52
1100. 39 698.
1137. 84 1139. 23
-630.85
40 1134. 61
33 1093. 07 66
1131. 30