Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Sanjay A Patil
+91 96044 92023
SAPatil.PGA@ARAIINDIA.COM
Agenda
• Need for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• What is Hybrid, after all?
• Components of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Architectures/Configurations of HEV
• Dissecting Each Component and Development
• Motor
• Battery
• Power Electronics
• General Comments / Conclusion
Questions to Engine Experts – are your
days numbered? – Not Yet
Global Trend – although old predictions…
Typical Road Map
Why Hybrids? What is Degree of
Hybridization?
• More than one power source (prime mover) on the vehicle
• Search online the different sources that have been used widely
(let us list them out)
HEV – one of the prime source is going to be __________?

• Degree of Hybridization : Contribution amongst two power

sources towards vehicle propulsion
• Will it remain constant?
• Why will the degree of hybridization vary?
• Will the designer consider DoH during the vehicle design – initial
stage? How?
Different Vehicles in the Market (are there any
more??)
 Main Components of Hybrid Electric
Vehicle

Ref: Sab Safi, SDT Drive Technology, Alternative Motor Technologies for Traction Drives of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
Configurations in HEV
Series Hybrid Vehicle
Configuration - Parallel
Battery Model for HEV
Comparison on Battery Technologies
Impact of Temperature (Battery
Technologies)
major requirements of HEVs electric
propulsion,
1. a high instant power and a high power density;
2. a high torque at low speeds for starting and climbing, as well as a
high power at high speed for cruising;
3. a very wide speed range, including constant-torque and constant-
power regions;
4. a fast torque response;
5. a high efficiency over the wide speed and torque ranges;
6. a high efficiency for regenerative braking;
7. a high reliability and robustness for various vehicle operating
conditions; and,
8. a reasonable cost.
Motor Characteristics – Parallel Motors
Typical Characteristics of PM Brushless Drive
Synchronous Motors

Typical With Conduction Angle Control

BLDC Motors
Power Electronics – Converter
Architecture
References
1. Gheorghe Livinţ, Vasile Horga, Marcel Răţoi and Mihai Albu,
Control of Hybrid Electrical Vehicles, Chapter 3 of Electric
Vehicles - Modelling and Simulations, 2010
The three main Traction-Motor topologies
• Permanent Magnet
• AC Induction
• Switched Reluctance
Permanent Magnet
• Internal v. External rotor,
• Radial v Axial Flux.
• Highest specific torque and power
• Cost, RE materials
• Careful system design required for safety and smooth torque
delivery
• Adopted by Toyota and Honda
AC Induction
• Slightly lower efficiency, specific torque & power than PM, =
Usually larger and heavier per unit torque than PM
• Simpler design, cheaper materials = Generally lower cost than
PM
• Fewer safety considerations than PM
• Inherently smooth torque delivery
Switched Reluctance
• Similar efficiency, specific torque and power, to ACI
• Lower cost
• Careful design required to minimise operational noise
• Inherently robust with smooth torque delivery
Comparing BEV and Fuel Cell V
Conclusion
 Thank you
Questions?

SAPatil.PGA@ARAIINDIA.COM
+9196044 92023