Annotations

Primary Sources

CIA. Airgram. October 28, 1976. https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-

RDP08C01297R000700120008-6.pdf.

This source talks about the history of territorial dispute between Ecuador and Peru. This
source is useful because it gives insight on the events that led up to the Ecuadorian-
Peruvian war. This source is very credible because it's from a government website. This
source helped me understand the war by showing the events that led up to the war. I
categorized this as a primary source because it's a government paper from the past that
talks about the war.

"Ecuador Blames Peru in Fight; Peru Insists Ecuador Began It." In Ecuador Blames Peru in
Fight; Peru Insists Ecuador Began It. Boston, US: The Christian Science Publishing
Society, 1941. Previously published in Ecuador Blames Peru in Fight; Peru Insists
Ecuador Began It (Boston, US), July 7, 1941. https://search-proquest-
com.mutex.gmu.edu/cv_786252/docview/513638587/abstract/73DD5C24B784517PQ/9?
accountid=14541.

This newspaper talks about the heated conflict between Ecuador and Peru and how their
governments are handling the conflict. This source is useful because it contains
information some useful information on my topic that I can use. This source is very
credible because it comes from a credible database. This helped me understand my topic
because it stated places that that conflict happened and was able to give me detailed
information on when the conflict happened. I put this as a primary source because it is an
old newspaper made during the time of the Ecuadorian-Peruvian War.

Ecuadorian-Peruvian War. Photograph.

https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&biw=1920&bih=949&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=
46EIWoOgCczijwOzp4O4BA&q=ecuadorian+peruvian+war&oq=ecuadorian+peruvian+
war&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..0j0i24k1.13147.13147.0.13467.1.1.0.0.0.0.132.132.0j1.1.0....0...1.1.64.psy-
ab..0.1.132....0.y13Bs0Y-3og#imgrc=4nwAkzb-x4YSlM:.

This picture shows the kind of machines that were used in the Ecuadorian-Peruvian War.
This source is credible because it is a real photograph of the war. This helped me
understand the topic because it painted a picture of how the Ecuadorian-Peruvian war
was. I categorized this as a primary source because it is an old photograph which has to
do with my topic.

"Good Neighbors: Ecuadorian Revolt." In Good Neighbors: Ecuadorian Revolt. Washington,

D.C, US: The Washington Post, 1944. Previously published in Good Neighbors:
 Ecuadorian Revolt. https://search-proquest-
com.mutex.gmu.edu/cv_786252/docview/151703057/7A4808F56B974A08PQ/1?account
id=14541.

This newspaper snippet talks about Ecuador and Peru two years after the Rio Protocol
and how they are finally at peace with one another. This newspaper snippet is useful
because I can use this as a way to show how Peru and Ecuador were able to hold on to
the solution they created two years ago until it ultimately failed. This source is very
credible because it is from an official database. This helped me understand my topic
because it showed how Peru and Ecuador maintained stability for some time. I
categorized this as a primary source because it is an old newspaper from the past that was
made two years after the end of the war.

Peru-Ecuador Border Clash Erupts Again: Lima Government Calls Protest Futile--Orders
Forces To Repel "Attack" (Baltimore, US). "Peru-Ecuador Border Clash Erupts Again:
Lima Government Calls Protest Futile--Orders Forces To Repel 'Attack'" [Peru-Ecuador
Border Clash Erupts Again: Lima Government Calls Protest Futile--Orders Forces To
Repel "Attack"]. July 12, 1941. https://search-proquest-
com.mutex.gmu.edu/cv_786252/docview/539041522/2B2C56F2096645ECPQ/71?accou
ntid=14541.

This newspaper snippet talks about a border clash between Peru and Ecuador that is
beginning to happen again. This source is useful because it briefly mentions specific
places that the Ecuadorians and Peruvians were clashing with each other. This source is
very credible because it is from an official database. This helped me understand my topic
by talking about the how other countries were trying to help them find a resolution
instead of just going straight to war. I put this as a primary source because it is an old
newspaper from the past which was made during the time of the Ecuadorian-Peruvian
War.

"Peru Partly Accepts Joint Peace Parley: Peru--Ecuador Dispute." In Peru Partly Accepts Joint
Peace Parley: Peru--Ecuador Dispute. Boston, US: The Christian Science Monitor,
1941. Previously published in Peru Partly Accepts Joint Peace Parley: Peru--Ecuador
Dispute, July 12, 1941. https://search-proquest-
com.mutex.gmu.edu/cv_786252/docview/513582808/7859F4BEFC824EE4PQ/6?accoun
tid=14541.

This source talks about the ongoing struggle to find a compromise between Peru and
Ecuador. This source is useful because it gives information on what happened during July
12th, 1941 between Peru and Ecuador and how Peru no longer wants to try and negotiate.
This source is very credible because it comes from an official database. I put this as a
primary source because it is an old newspaper from the past that has to do with the war.
Rio Protocol. February 26, 1942.
http://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/Rio%20Protocol%20English%20
1942.pdf.

This source is the Rio Protocol and talks about the agreements between Ecuador and Peru
about the territory of land that they both share. This source is useful because it is the
compromise for my project itself and it is a primary source. This source is very credible
because it comes from a government website. This source helped me understand my topic
because it showed me specifically what Ecuador and Peru both agreed on. I categorized
this as a primary source because it is a government document from the 1942 that has to
do with the compromise in my topic.

Secondary Sources

Manrique, Nelson. 1999. "Perils of Nationalism: The Peru-Ecuador Conflict." NACLA Report on the
Americas 32 (4): 6-10. https://search.proquest.com/docview/202672795?accountid=1860.

This article talks about the Rio Protocol and how it failed to solve the territorial issue between
Peru and Ecuador. From this source I used the information of the philosophies of both Peruvians
and Ecuadorians and why the Rio Protocol failed. This source is from a database so it must be
credible. This article helped me understand the lies that were spread by Ecuador's government
to their people and why they Rio Protocol couldn't fix anything. I categorized this as a secondary
source because it's an article on the topic.

Pineo, Ronn F. "Ecuador–Peru Boundary Disputes." In Encyclopedia of Latin American History

and Culture, 2nd ed., edited by Jay Kinsbruner and Erick D. Langer, 55-56. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles
Scribner's Sons, 2008. World History in Context (accessed September 21, 2017).
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3078902016/WHIC?u=chan65444&xid=cb05a5e5.

This encyclopedia talks about the long going feud between Ecuador and Peru of Territory in the
amazons.This article talks about how far this feud goes back and explains how the tensions grow
after the compromise between the two countries made back in the 19th century starts to
diminish. This source is credible because it is from a database and the source talks about real
world events that happened long ago. This source helped me understand the topic more
because it showed me how far back the feud between Ecuador and Peru went and that war was
inevitable. I categorized this as a secondary source because it's an encyclopedia which contains
information on my topic.

St. John, Ronald Bruce. "The Ecuador-Peru Boundary Dispute: The Road to Settlement." In The
Ecuador-Peru Boundary Dispute: The Road to Settlement. Previously published in The Ecuador-
Peru Boundary Dispute: The Road to Settlement. Edited by Rachel Bradley and Clive H.
Schlofield. IBRU, 1999. 1-66.

This book talks about the specific land that the Ecuadorians and Peruvians were arguing over
and goes into detail about the disagreements that both countries had in the past. I used this
source to find more information the specific territories that Peru and Ecuador were arguing
over. This book is credible because of how detailed it goes into this topic. This book further
shows the disagreements between Peru and Ecuador in the past. I put this down as a secondary
source because it's not from a database or peer- reviewed.