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PROGRAM
/2 /2
K = 45 [kN]
L = 3,8 [m]
b/h = 0,35 / 0,55 [m] ·ℎ
⟹ = · = 145578,125 [kNm²]
E = 3 · 10⁷ [kN/m²] 12
1) ANALITIČKI POSTUPAK
/2 /2
· = ( )
0 ∈ 0, /2
· = 0 ∈ /2,
0 ∈ ,2
1 ∈ 0, /2
· = 2 ∈ /2,
3 ∈ ,2
1· + 1 ∈ 0, /2
· = 2· + 2 ∈ /2,
3· + 3 ∈ ,2
1· + 1· + 1 ∈ 0, /2
2
· = 2· + 2· + 2 ∈ /2,
2
3· + 3· + 3 ∈ ,2
2
1· + 1· + 1· + 1 ∈ 0, /2
6 2
· = 2· + 2· + 2· + 2 ∈ /2,
6 2
3· + 3· + 3· + 3 ∈ ,2
6 2
Rubni uvjeti ;
0 =0 ( /2) = ( /2)
( ) =0 ( /2) = ( /2)
( ) =0 ( ) = ( )
2 =0 ( /2) = ( /2)
0 =0 ( ) = ( )
2 =0 ( /2) − /2 =
( /2) − /2 = ⟹ 2− 1=
( ) = ( ) ⟹ 2· + 2− 3· − 3=0
0 =0 0
⟹ 1· + 1·0+ 1=0
2
( ) = ( ) ⟹ 2· + 2· + 2− 3· − 3· − 3=0
2 2
0 0
0 =0 ⟹ 1· + 1· + 1·0+ 1=0
6 2
( ) =0 ⟹ 2· + 2· + 2· + 2=0
6 2
( ) =0 ⟹ 3· + 3· + 3· + 3=0
6 2
4
2 =0 ⟹ 3· + 3·2 + 3·2 + 3=0
3
( /2) = ( /2)
⟹ 1· + 1· + 1· + 1− 2· − 2· − 2· − 2=0
48 8 2 48 8 2
1=0 2= 3=−
8 8
1=0 2=− 3=
48 16
1
19 5
− + ∈ 0, /2
192 64
1 13 11
= − + − ∈ /2,
192 64 8 48
1 3 5
− + − + ∈ ,2
192 64 8 16
19 5
− ∈ 0, /2
32 32
13 11
=− · = − + ∈ /2,
32 32
3 5 ∈
− ,2
32 32
=− = -10,69 kNm
16
3 /2 = − = -2,67 kNm
64
2 = = 5,34 kNm
32
Momentni dijagram ;
26,72
10,69
2,67
5,34
24,05
/2 /2
Nepoznanice ;
č ;
č ; − č
Pridržani sustav ;
1 2 3
Krutosti štapova ;
·ℎ
= · = 145578,125 [kNm²]
12
·
= ⟹ = = = 38310 [kNm]
Momenti upetosti ;
= = 21,38 kNm
8
=− = -21,38 kNm
8
2
= · + = +
8
4
= · + = −
8
4
= · + =
2
= · + =
( ) =0 + =0
( )
4 4
+ − =0
8
·
= = 6,9743 · 10¯⁵ [rad]
64
=− = -10,69 kNm
16
= = 10,69 kNm
16
= = 5,34 kNm
32
= − + = 24,05 kNm
2 2 4
3) CROSSOVA METODA
/2 /2
Nepoznanice ;
č ;
č ; − č
Pridržani sustav ;
1 2 3
Krutosti štapova ;
·ℎ
= · = 145578,125 [kNm²]
12
·
= ⟹ = = = 38310 [kNm]
Momenti upetosti ;
= = 21,38 kNm
8
=− = -21,38 kNm
8
Razdjelni faktori ;
= = 8EI/L = -1,0
Raspodjela momenata ;
1 3
- 1/2 - 1/2
=− = -10,69 kNm
16
= = 10,69 kNm
16
= = 5,34 kNm
32
= − + = 24,05 kNm
2 2 4
4) RITZOVA METODA
a) 2 KOORDINATNE FUNKCIJE
= − −2
= − −2 −3
=5 − 20 + 24 −8
=6 − 40 + 92 − 84 + 24
= 20 − 60 + 48 −8
= 30 − 160 + 276 − 168 + 24
128
= =
7
256
= = =−
7
2944
= =
35
9
= · ⁄2 = −
32
45
= · ⁄2 =
64
K₁₁ K₁₂ a₁ q₁
=
K₂₁ K₂₂ a₂ q₂
= +
21 − −2 105 − −2 −3
= +
2048 8192
3213
/2 = = 1,0395 · 10¯⁴ [m]
524288
1323
3 /2 = − = -4,2801 · 10¯⁵ [m]
524288
() − Δ(L/2) = 14,4%
∆( ) = · 100% ⟹
() Δ(3L/2) = 29,2%
=− · =− · +
b) 4 KOORDINATNE FUNKCIJE
= − −2
= − −2 −3
= − −2 −3
= − −2 −3
=5 − 20 + 24 −8
=6 − 40 + 92 − 84 + 24
=7 − 66 + 235 − 388 + 288 − 72
=8 − 98 + 480 − 1190 + 1548 − 972 + 216
= 20 − 60 + 48 −8
= 30 − 160 + 276 − 168 + 24
= 42 − 330 + 940 − 1164 + 576 − 72
= 56 − 588 + 2400 − 4760 + 4644 − 1944 + 216
128
= =
7
256
= = =−
7
1664
= = =
21
1280
= = =−
7
2944
= =
35
21248
= = =−
105
1675132077
= = =
3328661
179113131
= =
341767
351444822
= = =−
255869
1548476915
= =
413911
9
= · ⁄2 = −
32
45
= · ⁄2 =
64
225
= · ⁄2 = −
128
1125
= · ⁄2 =
256
= + + +
76407 − −2 79573 − −2 −3
=− −
829522 479614
88139 − −2 −3 1402 − −2 −3
− −
894885 81651
283
/2 = = 1,1743 · 10¯⁴ [m]
40875
10
3 /2 = − = -3,2916 · 10¯⁵ [m]
5153
() − Δ(L/2) = 3,3%
∆( ) = · 100% ⟹
() Δ(3L/2) = 0,6%
=− · =− · + + +
76407 20 − 60 + 48 −8
=
894885
79573 30 − 160 + 276 − 168 + 24
+
479614
88139 42 − 330 + 940 − 1164 + 576 − 72
+
894885
1402 56 − 588 + 2400 − 4760 + 4644 − 1944 + 216
+
81651
a) 9 ČVOROVA
0 2 4 6 8
/2 /2
⟹ Sustav jednadžbi ;
wˍ₂ 0
wˍ₁ 0
1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₀ 0
1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 w₁ 0
1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 w₂ 1
0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 w₃ 0
ℎ
0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 w₄ = 0
0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 w₅ 0
0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 w₆ 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 w₇ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 w₈ 0
w₉ 0
w₁₀ 0
= ( = 2) ; =0( ≠ 2)
ℎ
Rubni uvjeti ;
=0 ; =0 ; =0
−
=0 ′ =0 ′ = ⟹ =
2ℎ
−
=0 ′ =0 ′ = ⟹ =
2ℎ
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₀ 0
0 7 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 w₁ 0
0 -4 6 -4 0 0 0 0 0 w₂ 1
0 1 -4 6 0 1 0 0 0 w₃ 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 w₄ = 0
0 0 0 1 0 6 -4 1 0 w₅ 64 0
0 0 0 0 0 -4 6 -4 0 w₆ 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 7 0 w₇ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 w₈ 0
Usporedimo li progibe u polovini prvog i drugog polja dobivene metodom konačnih razlika
sa istim progibima dobivenim analitičkim postupkom, relativne pogreške iznose ;
Δ(L/2) = 38,8% ; Δ(3L/2) = 9,1%
−2 +
=− = – 27/176 · K L = -26,23 [kNm] Δ = 1,8%
ℎ
−2 +
=− = 25/176 · K L = 24,29 [kNm] Δ = 1%
ℎ
−2 +
=− = – 1/16 · K L = -10,69 [kNm] Δ = 0%
ℎ
−2 +
=− = – 3/176 · K L = -2,91 [kNm] Δ = 9,1%
ℎ
−2 +
=− = 5/176 · K L = 4,86 [kNm] Δ = 9,1%
ℎ
MIRTA MIHALJEVIC� 16/20
NMK - 4. PROGRAM
b) 17 ČVOROVA
0 4 8 12 16
/2 /2
1
= −4 +6 −4 + =
ℎ
Rubni uvjeti ;
=0 ; =0 ; =0
−
=0 ′ =0 ′ = ⟹ =
2ℎ
−
=0 ′ =0 ′ = ⟹ =
2ℎ
= ( = 4) ; =0( ≠ 4)
ℎ
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₀ 0
0 7 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁ 0
0 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₂ 0
0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₃ 0
0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₄ 1
0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₅ 0
0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₆ 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₇ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₈ = 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 w₉ 512 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 w₁₀ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 w₁₁ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 w₁₂ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 w₁₃ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 0 w₁₄ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 7 0 w₁₅ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 w₁₆ 0
Usporedimo li progibe u polovini prvog i drugog polja dobivene metodom konačnih razlika
sa istim progibima dobivenim analitičkim postupkom, relativne pogreške iznose ;
Δ(L/2) = 9,7% ; Δ(3L/2) = 2,3%
−2 +
=− = – 107/688 · K L = -26,59 [kNm] Δ = 0,5%
ℎ
−2 +
=− = 97/688 · K L = 24,11 [kNm] Δ = 0,3%
ℎ
−2 +
=− = – 1/16 · K L = -10,69 [kNm] Δ = 0%
ℎ
−2 +
=− = – 11/688 · K L = -2,73 [kNm] Δ = 2,3%
ℎ
−2 +
=− = 21/688 · K L = 5,22 [kNm] Δ = 2,3%
ℎ
MIRTA MIHALJEVIC� 18/20
NMK - 4. PROGRAM
c) 33 ČVORA
0 8 16 24 32
/2 /2
2 2
ℎ= = =
(33 − 1) 16
1
= −4 +6 −4 + =
ℎ
Rubni uvjeti ;
=0 =0 =0
−
=0 ′ =0 ′ = ⟹ =
2ℎ
−
=0 ′ =0 ′ = ⟹ =
2ℎ
= ( = 8) ; =0( ≠ 8)
ℎ
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₀ 0
0 7 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁ 0
0 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₂ 0
0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₃ 0
0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₄ 0
0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₅ 0
0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₆ 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₇ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₈ 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₉ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₀ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₁ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₂ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₃ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₄ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₅ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₆ = 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₇ 4096 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₈ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₁₉ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₂₀ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₂₁ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₂₂ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₂₃ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 w₂₄ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 0 w₂₅ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 0 w₂₆ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 0 w₂₇ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 0 w₂₈ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 1 0 w₂₉ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 6 -4 0 w₃₀ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -4 7 0 w₃₁ 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 w₃₂ 0
Usporedimo li progibe u polovini prvog i drugog polja dobivene metodom konačnih razlika
sa istim progibima dobivenim analitičkim postupkom, relativne pogreške iznose ;
Δ(L/2) = 2,4% ; Δ(3L/2) = 0,6%