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3 Dielectrics
1. If the gap between the capacitor plates is filled with a material such as polythene, the capacitance is
increased. Any ___________________ material which has this effect is called a dielectric.
2. Placing the dielectric in between foil have three functions:
(a) to make sure the plate do not actually ___________________ with each other,
even though the gap is very ____________________.
(b) Increasing the potential different between capacitor plates. Insulting material can withstand larger
electric field without experiencing the ____________________.
(c) the ratio of the capacitance with dielectric and capacitance without inserting dielectric is constant, the
constant named as ___________ _____________. dielectric constant
0 A C C0
C
d
3. A capacitor parallel plate with surface area is 0.40 m2 and separated by 0.20 cm
1. Calculate the capacitance if the space between plates is filled with
i. vacuum
ii. insulator with dielectric constant 2.3
(a) When there is insulator (dielectric) inside the plates, the insulation is decrease, electric field become 1.8 x 10 5 V cm
What is the maximum PD can be supplied to the capacitor?
4. Take a parallel plate capacitor whose plates have an area of 2 m2 and are separated by a distance of 1mm.
The capacitor is charged to an initial voltage of 3 kV and then disconnected from the charging source.
An insulating material is placed between the plates, completely filling the space, resulting in a decrease in
the capacitors voltage to 1 kV.
Determine
(a) the original and new capacitance,
(b) the charge on the capacitor, and
(c) the dielectric constant of the material.
Exercise 13.5
1. Calculate the charge and energy stored in a l0 F capacitor charged to a potential difference of:
2. A 50k F capacitor is charged from a 9 V battery then discharged through a light bulb in a flash of light lasting 0.2s.
Calculate:
a) the charge and energy stored in the capacitor before discharge,
b) the average power supplied to the light bulb
2. Discharge of a capacitor:
(a) The current in the circuit, I =
Exercises 13.6
1. A Capacitor 2 F charged with PD 1.5 V , then it is discharge through a resistor 60k .
(a) What is the time constant for the discharge circuit.
(b) Determine time for the charge to decrease into :
1
i. from initial
e
1
ii. from initial
100
2. The circuit shows a 3F charged by a battery of e.m.f 6V with the switch at P. The switch is then connected to Q.
The charge is the shared with 6F capacitor with the switch at Q.
Exercises 13.3
Dielectric breakdown
Solution:
(a) Capacitance of the capacitor when the gap between plates
(b) The maximum PD can be supplied the Electric Field inside the capacitor is
V
E
d
V Ed
1.8 10 5Vcm 1 (0.2cm)
3.6 10 4 V
Exercises 13.4
1a. (easy) C1 = 10 F and C2 = 5 F. Determine the effective capacitance for C1 and C2 connected in series and in
parallel.
In series:
C = 3.3 F
In parallel:
C = C1 + C2
C = 10 + 5 = 15 F
1b(moderate) If the two capacitors in question #1 were connected to a 50 volt battery determine the voltage across
the capacitors for each connection type.
For the series connection:
The charge on each capacitor is the same as the charge on the effective capacitance.
C = Q/V
3.3 = Q/50
Q = 165 C
10 = 165/V
V = 17 volts
5 = 165/V
V = 33 volts
C = Q/V
4 μF = Q/100
Q = 400 μC
2 μF = Q/100
Q = 200 μC
C = Q/V
6 μF = 200 μC/V
V = 33.3 v
The equivalent capacitance is 6 μF. The voltage across the equivalent capacitance is 40 v as is the voltage across the
3 μF capacitors and is
the same as the 1 μF and 2 μF capacitors.
C = Q/V
1 μF = Q/40
Q = 40 μC
C = Q/V
2 μF = Q/40
Q = 80 μC
C = Q/V
3 μF = Q/40
Q = 120 μC
C = Q/V
6 μF = 120 μC/V
V = 20 v
Exe 1.5
1. 45 microJ, 180microJ
2. . a) = .45 C b) = 10 W
1.6
Current
E 1.6
Solution:
RC 60k(2F ) 0.12s
1
i. from initial
e
1
The charge to decrease into from initial would mean :
e
t
Q 1
from the equation Q Q0e RC
we can rearrange the equation into:
Q0 e
t
Q
e RC
Q0
t
1
e
e
t
1
ln e ln( )
e
t 1
ln( )
2.718281828
t [ln(0.367879441)]( 0.12s )
1( 0.12s )
0.12s
1
ii. from initial
100
1
The charge to decrease into from initial would mean :
100
t
Q 1
from the equation Q Q0e RC we can rearrange the equation into:
Q0 100
t
Q
e RC
Q0
t
1
e
100
t
1
ln e
ln( )
100
t
ln( 0.01)
t [ 4.605170186 ](0.12s )
0.553s
Example 18.8
The circuit shows a 3F charged by a battery of e.m.f 6V with the switch at P. The switch is then connected to Q. The charge is the
shared with 6F capacitor with the switch at Q.
1. when P is connected, the 3F is charged by 6V potential different, the charge inside the 3F is Q0.
2. then the switch is connected to Q, the positive charge of Q0 (+Q0) is distributed over the upper plate of both capacitor 3F and
6F, together with the negative charge of Q0 (-Q0) is distributed over a lower plates of both capacitor. This is the chemical process
and it’s known as the Conservation of the charge.
3. In the final state, when the charge are no longer moving, both upper plate are the same potential, because they are connected
with the same wire, so they form a single equipotential surface. Both lower plates are also at the same potential, different from that
of the upper plate. The final potential difference V between the plates is therefore the same for both capacitors. So this is a parallel
connection.
Solution:
Q 0 = Q1 + Q 2
3. Both capacitor will form the same potential different, V (this is the parallel connection)
𝑄1 = 𝐶1 𝑉 And 𝑄2 = 𝐶2 𝑉
𝐶1
𝑄1 = ( )𝑄
𝐶1 + 𝐶2 0
3𝜇𝐹
𝑄1 = ( ) 18𝜇𝐶 = 6𝜇𝐶
3𝜇𝐹 + 6𝜇𝐹