Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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1.0 Introduction
Existence of matter in three states results in three types of
waste generation; gaseous, liquid, and solid. The gas that is wasted
is gas waste, which is generally a resultant of Industrial activities and
automobile exhaust. The fluid that is wasted is a liquid waste, which
is generally the outcome of Industrial and Domestic activities. Finally,
the solid that is wasted, thrown away, refused or not in further use is
a solid waste. This solid waste may be categorized as (Gerard keily-
2007)-;
1. Agriculture and forest waste
2. Industrial Solid Waste
3. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
4. Bio-medical or Hospital Waste (BMW)
5. e-waste
6. Nuclear and Radioactive Waste
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overloaded. Due to unscientific landfilling, the problems of
groundwater and air pollution are of serious concern. Good municipal
solid waste management practices requires collection of critical
information which is not just for keeping the records up to date but
used effectively for taking corrective measures as well as proper
planning for the future.” (T. V. Ramachandra & V. K. Saira., 2003).
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this, there are about 20 large and medium gardens, 32 small and
tiny gardens. There are also 2 number of lakes which enhances the
beauty of city.
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and final disposal system. The development process is the backbone
of the city, but at the same time, the principles of sustainability
should not be sidelined in utilizing the resources of future generation.
The salient data of Aurangabad city is given in the table 1.1
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1.3 Using GIS in solid waste management
Geographical Information System is an information system
designed to work with data referenced by spatial geographical
system. In other words, GIS is both a database system with specific
capabilities for spatially referenced data as well as a set of operation
for working with the data(Jeffrey star et.al -1990). It may also be
considered as higher order map data management system.
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disposal. Although municipal refuse is much less dangerous than
hazardous chemicals waste, it still poses some hazards due to direct
disposal of house hold hazardous materials such as paints, varnishes,
cleaners etc along with the other refuse(Balakrishnamoorthy-2006).
The past two decades have witnessed the sea change in the attitudes
of the waste generation. On one hand, society recognizes the need
for safe and responsible management of the waste, while on other it
opposes to host such facilities (Judith Pett-1999). This is because the
overridden perception that the waste treatment and disposal pose
unacceptable health risk. Increasing public and policy attention has
thus focused on concept of sustainable waste management theories.
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needs a cushion of age and sex. Therefore, the research in the field
of municipal solid waste generation has a great potential.
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night soil (Abbasi 1996). With the rapid urbanization , the quantity
and the variety of the solid waste grew. The solid waste contains
paper, glass, metal, etc in such a large quantity that if the principals
of reduction, reuse and recycle are applied in waste management,
than there will not much portion be left for composting process.
Solid waste contain significant amount of valuable materials
like steel, aluminium, copper, which if recovered and reused, would
reduce the volume of the wastes to be collected, transported , and
disposed off. In addition, it would add to the economy. Some
important solid wastes that have been reclaimed are paper, glass,
metals and plastics.
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needs to be collected and transported to the disposal site at the
earliest. (C.S.Rao 2006)
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1.8 Waste treatment
The things which are not in use are thrown away by us. That is
what we discard from our end goes to nature. In early age, with
lesser population and slower technological and scientific progress,
the quantities of the waste generated were very less. The natural
process of recycling and regeneration was sufficient to take care of
this disposed waste. On the contrary, in civilized world, the quantities
of the waste produced are so high that, nature cannot accommodate
and recycle such huge quantities(Abbasi-1999). Hence the need for
artificial treatment of the waste. The concept of treatment of
municipal solid waste routed in to system way back in 1960. Today
there are many methods available for the treatment of the municipal
solid waste. The selection of the best method depends on quality and
quantity of the waste to be treated and impact assessment studies.
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their use in the developing countries (Gerard Keily-2007).
Alternatively, sanitary landfilling is good option for MSW disposal in
the economically backwards and developing countries. In India, the
basic disposal method of municipal solid waste is open dumping. The
urban local bodies such as Brihan Mumbai Municipal corporation,
Thane Municipal Corporation, semi Urban bodies such as Kalyan,
Ulhasnagar, Ambarnath, Badlapur, of Maharashtra all together
produces about 10 % of the total municipal solid waste generated in
India. All the wastes generated are disposed off in the form of open
dumping methods.
Land filling is traditional means of disposal of MSW and is
considered to be the most economical and fastest method of
disposal(Judith Pett-1999). But due to unscientific dumping, it results
in environmental pollution. Modern landfill practice includes
monitoring programmes for incoming waste, for gas, for leachate,
etc. to control pollution of surrounding environment. The concept of
secure landfill with respect to hazardous waste management is
widely used for disposal of hazardous waste. In India, though the
household hazardous waste is dumped with MSW, the principles of
secure landfilling of MSW are still to route into the system. Instead of
sanitary landfillings the waste is simply dumped on the sites and in
very few case the site is closed with the soil. Thus there is no control
on leachates, landfill gases etc.
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The Stockholm conference of June 1972, the world
conservation strategy launched in 1980, the UN environment
conference on environment and development, 1992, and recently the
Kyoto protocol on global warming (feb-2005) are few of the
important steps taken in research of sustainable development
technologies. Use of Plasma arc technology is one such step in
disposals of MSW.
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