Monitoring of

the Global Surface Climate

Ayako Takeuchi
Climate Prediction Division, JMA
 Outline

1. Introduction

2. Data Source

3. Monthly Products

4. Weekly Products
INTRODUCTION
 Products of CPD/JMA

Climate Information

Prediction Monitoring

Impacts Surface Climate

Climate System
Disasters
 Needs for Global Climate Information

Climate Change
• Increase of climate extremes

Globalization of socio-economical activities

• Foods security
• International disaster relief
Contents of CPD Global Climate Information
MONTHLY PROCUCTS
Figures ・Temperature anomaly
・Normalized temperature anomaly
・Precipitation ratio
・Precipitation quintile
・Extreme climate
Comments (Highlight, Extreme climate)
Data Lists
WEEKLY PRODUCTS
Figures ・Extreme climate and weather disaster
・Reference data
(Temperature and its anomaly
Precipitation and its ratio
Atmospheric circulation and convection)
Comment ・Name of extreme climate and area
・Damage from disaster
DATA SOURCE
Process of making Global Climate Information
CLIMAT messages (1500)
SYNOP messages (4000-5000)
Objective Analysis
Data of Meteorological Satellites
Database of weather disasters
・Collection and quality check of
meteorological data
・Identification of extreme climate events
・Analysis of the relations with general
circulation
・Weather disaster information
Reports
（temperature, precipitation, extreme climate events）
Monthly Weekly
TCC Home Page
 CLIMAT and SYNOP
Main Source of Products
CLIMAT messages
reporting monthly value
(Surface Pressure,
CLIMAT and SYNOP messages Temperature,
are exchanged via the GTS Precipitation, etc.)

SYNOP messages
reporting present value
4 times a day
MONTHLY PRODUCTS
Quality Check of CLIMAT Temperature
 JMA’s Definition of Extreme Climate
The Criteria for Monthly Data
EXTREME CLIMATE
The phenomenon that would occur once in about 30 years
EXTREME MONTHLY CLIMATE
Temperature : the normalized anomaly ≧2
the normalized anomaly≦-2
the normalized anomaly = anomaly / standard deviation

Precipitation : Quintile = 6 or 0
Quintile 6 : the precipitation is greater than any value in 1971 - 2000
0 : the precipitation is less than any value in 1971 - 2000

Climatological normals are calculated from the statistics of 1971 - 2000 data.
 Where can you get
CPD Global Climate Information?

TCC Homepage (URL)

for Meteorological Services

http://cpd2.kishou.go.jp/tcc/
Monthly Climate Information
Products of monitoring of surface climate

Monthly Mean Temperature Anomaly

Products of monitoring of surface climate

Monthly Mean Temperature Anomaly (normalized) Category

Products of monitoring of surface climate

Monthly Precipitation Category

Products of monitoring of surface climate

Monthly Precipitation Ratio Category

Products of monitoring of surface climate

Monthly Precipitation Quintle

Products of monitoring of surface climate
Monthly Extreme Climate (October 2003)
1. Heavy precipitation in central Siberia
2. Heavy precipitation in northern China
3. Heavy precipitation in Southeast Asia
4. Heavy precipitation from southwestern Russia
to northwestern Africa
•Products 5.for Lowmonthly
temperatureclimate
in central Europe
6. High temperature in western Africa
•Using CLIMAT message
7. High temperature in southeastern Africa
8. High temperature and heavy precipitation
from Greenland to northeastern Canada
9. High temperature from middle-western to
western USA
10. Heavy precipitation in Mexico
11. High temperature around the Caribbean Sea
12. High temperature in northern Argentina
Distribution of13. Light precipitation
Extreme MonthlyinClimate
central Argentina
14. Low temperature in southeastern Australia
WEEKLY PRODUCTS
 Quality Check for SYNOP data

•Products for weekly climate

•Using SYNOP messages

Example of quality check

for SYNOP data
Daily precipitation estimated from SYNOP
Monthly precipitation
estimated from SYNOP 0mm
CLIMAT precipitation 15mm

We use this observatory’s data carefully.

 Weekly Extreme Climate
EXTREME CLIMATE
The phenomenon that would occur once in about 30 years
The criteria are decided from research for Japanese observatories.
Temperature :
EXTREME MONTHLY CLIMATE
the normalized anomaly ≧3 : WARM
the normalized
Temperature anomaly≦-3
: the : COLD
normalized anomaly ≧2
the normalized anomaly = anomaly / 30-day standard deviation
the normalized anomaly≦-2
anomaly = weekly mean temperature - weekly normal
the normalized anomaly = anomaly / standard deviation
Precipitation :
precipitation: in
Precipitation Quintile = 6 or the
a week exceeds 0 30-day normal : WET
precipitation
Quintile 6in: the last 30-day is greater than any value in 1971 - 2000
precipitation
is less than
0 :the
thethreshold of quintile
precipitation is less 1than
for any
the 30-day
value in:1971
DRY- 2000
Weekly normal, 30-day normal, 30-day standard deviation and 30-day quintile are calculated
by interpolating monthly values of the previous (or following) and the current month.
Monthly normals are calculated from the statistics of 1971 - 2000 data.
 1 October, 2003
Japan Meteorological Agency
Products of monitoring of surface climate
Weekly Report on Global Extreme Climate Events
( 24 September, 2003 - 30 September, 2003 )

Extreme weather and climate events and/or weather disasters in this period
are as follows ;

1. Wet : northern China

2. Warm : central China

3. Cold : northwestern China to eastern Kazakhstan

4. Wet : northern and central India

5. Wet : northern Algeria, Tunisia and northern Italy

6. Warm : northeastern USA and eastern Canada to southern Greenland

7. Hurricane : eastern Canada

Hurricane “Juan” made landfall on eastern Canada on 29 September.
In eastern Canada, fatalities caused by Hurricane were reported.

8. Warm : western USA

9. Dry : eastern Australia

Distribution 10.
ofWet
Extreme Weekly Climate
: southwestern Australia
Weekly Climate Information
Reference figure for weekly climate
500hPa height and anomaly(m)

850hPa wind vector, OLR and its anomaly(W/m2)

 Reference figure for weekly climate

Weekly temperature anomaly(℃)

Weekly precipitation ratio(%)

Weekly Climate Information
Thank you!
 Reference ： Quintile
A m ount of U pper and Low er
Q uintile
precipitaion lim it of Q uintile
0.0-4.9 0
5
18 The 30 monthly values of precipitation, the
38
48 5.0-62.5 1 statistical period of calculation for climatological
56
61 normals, are listed in ascending order.
64
69
86
62.6-121.5 2
The list is then divided into five groups of
104
105 quintiles of six values each.
119
124
155 The first quintile contains the lowest 6 values and
163
164 121.6-213.5 3 the fifth quintile contains the highest 6 values.
175
203
224
236
236
213.6-255.5 4
239
249
Example
254
257
293
60.0mm => quintile 1
335
344 255.6-411.0 5
349 220.0mm => quintile 4
411
>=411.1 6 420.0mm => quintile 6