Anatomy of CNC Machines BLR-IMTMA Presntation Sep 18, 2014

IMTMA – Effective Maintenance Workshop Anatomy of CNC Machines 1
ANATOMY
of
CNC MACHINES
by Ramadas R. Nambi, Industry Consultant

Email: RAMADAS.NAMBI@GMAIL.COM Mobile: +91-9845071426
It is essential to have anatomy knowledge of

Major Elements of CNC Machines
for Effective Maintenance
1. CNC CONTROL SYSTEM 2. MECHANICAL ELEMENTS
3. ELECTRICAL ELEMENTS 4. HYDRAULIC ELEMENTS
5. PNEUMATIC ELEMENTS 6. LUBRICATION …etc

1. Anatomy of CNC Control System

RELAY-LOGIC M/C
HARD-BOARD WIRED
MACHINE
PLC-BASED M/C
NC M/C
CNC M/C
Concepts of CNC Technology

Computer Numerical Control well known as CNC is a dedicated
COMPUTER-SYSTEM to control Machine Tool’s:-
 INPUT & OUTPUT SIGNAL
 LCD/MDI, MACHINE CONTROL PANEL
 SERVO-MOTORS thro SERVO-CONTROLLER/DRIVE
 SPINDLE MOTOR thro SPINDLE-CONTROLLER/DRIVE
 ATC, APC, TURRET, INDEX TABLE ...etc

Basic Major Functions of any Computer
INPUT
CPU
OUTPUT
INPUT
CPU
OUTPUT
M/C INPUT
INPUT
M/C OUTPUT
CNC
CPU
OUTPUT
AXIS & SPINDLE
MOTORS
FEEDBACK from
AXIS & SP.MOTORS
PLC or PMC
M/C INPUT
M/C INPUT
INPUT
M.O.P or M.C.P.
M/C OUTPUT
OUTPUT
CNC
M/C
CPU
OUTPUT
AXIS & SPINDLE
MOTORS
FEEDBACK from
AXIS & SP.MOTORS
PLC or PMC
M/C INPUT
M/C INPUT
M.O.P or M.C.P.
M/C OUTPUT
OUTPUT
CNC
M/C
AXIS & SPINDLE

MOTORS
FEEDBACK from
AXIS & SP.MOTORS
CNC SYSTEM major MAIN ELEMENTS

MASTER PCB POWER SUPPLY I/O-CARD or
UNIT I/O-Driver Circuits
MOTHER-BOARD
LCD Display UNIT DISPLAY DRIVER GRAPHIC Display

CONTROLLER
PLASMA/LED...etc CONTROLLER
SERVO-AXIS AXIS-Feedback MDI-KEYBOARD

MOTION Control PROCESSING CONTROL
SPINDLE-MOTOR Spindle - Feedback COMMUNICATION

CONTROL
SPEED Control PROCESSING
PLC - CONTROL MEMORY-PCB ANALOG - I/O

MEMORY-BANK DNC, RBU ......etc
SERVO History
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
NC / CNC
Man Relay TTL Micro computer

Machine power sequence
control type DSP
DC servo motor
AC servo motor
Servo motor Electric. Hydraulic
development Linear motor
pulse motor
FANUC’s HISTORY SIEMENS’s HISTORY:

1956: The first NC in the Japanese private sector was As one of Europe's most important electrical
developed successfully. equipment suppliers, Siemens brought the
1958: The first commercial FANUC NC was shipped to first industrial NC onto the market in 1960
Makino Milling Machine Co., Ltd. under the "Sinumerik" brand name. The first
1959: The first continuous path NC in Japan was path control was developed on the basis of
developed.; The first electro-hydraulic pulse motor was separate electronic components.
developed.
PSU
MASTER PCB or MOTHER-BOARD or CPU
MDI
LCD/LED
LCD
DISPLAY Control
MDI-Keyboard
CONTROL
MEMORY MEMORY-BANK
EXE.EPROMs
PLC-EPROM
CMOS-RAM...etc
Communication PC
RS-232-C; RS-422; Tape
MASTER PCB or MOTHER-BOARD or CPU RS485; Ethernet; USB HDD
PEN drive
RBU CNC m/c

DNC Host PC
Ethernet LAN
Integrated PLC
or
External PLC
LADDER DIAGRAM DIPLAY

FOR EASY & QUICK MAINTENANCE
R607.2 D300.2 R705.5 R700.7

CHUCK OPEN
R650.3 D300.7
R650.3 D300.7 D300.1 R700.6

CHUCK CLOSE
R600.2 D444.0 R555.7 R650.3

DOOR CLOSED
What is NO, NC, COIL ?

NO=Normally Open COIL = RELAY ON/OFF NC =Normally Closed
NO
87a NC 87a NC
COMMON COMMON
30 30
87 NO 87 NO
NC 86 +ve DC/AC
86 +ve DC/AC
Coil Supply Coil Supply
85 -ve DC/AC 85 -ve DC/AC

Contactor COIL OFF Coil Supply Contactor COIL ON Coil Supply
COIL
What is NO, NC, COIL ?

NO=Normally Open COIL = RELAY ON/OFF NC =Normally Closed
0 NO 1 Closed
0 1 Closed
NC
Common
0 1 Closed
NO
NC
1 0 Open
COIL
DC voltage
AC voltage
Contactor Contactor
COIL OFF COIL ON
Different types of NO, NC, COIL SYMBOLS

as it appears on LADDER DIAGRAM printout
NO NO NO
NC NC NC
COIL COIL COIL
NO=Normally Open NC =Normally Closed COIL = RELAY ON/OFF

Different types of NO, NC, COIL SYMBOLS

as it appears on LADDER DIAGRAM
CNC PMC MT
PMC to CNC Within PMC MT to PMC
PMC to CNC Within PMC MT to PMC
CNC to PMC Within PMC PMC to MT

FANUC CNC’s different types of ADDRESS

used for CNC, PMC(PLC), MT(Machine Tool) areas
CNC PMC MT
R, C, T, D, K
G X
F Y
R, C, T, D, K

G X
CNC PMC MT
R, C, T, D, K
& other
address
F Y

R, C, T, D, K, E, A, L, P
G X
CNC PMC MT
F Y
Nonvolatile memory
Internal relay (R) (1) Variable timer (T)
(2) Counter (C)
(3) Keep relay (K)
(4) Data table (D)
Extra relay (E)
FANUC LADDER DIAGRAM MONITOR

SIEMENS CNC’s different types of ADDRESS

used for CNC, PLC, MT(Machine Tool) areas
DB or V I
CNC PLC MT
M, C, T, H,
DB
DB or V Q
DB - Even Address (first 2-digits) is from PLC to CNC

DB - Odd address is from CNC to PLC
V - Even Address (first 2-digits) is from PLC to CNC (802)
V - Odd Address is from CNC to PLC
AXIS-CARD X
MOTHER-BOARD or CPU
or
AXIS-motion Y
controller
MASTER PCB or
AXIS-Feedback
CONTROL
MOTHER-BOARD or CPU
SPINDLE SPEED S1
CONTROLLER CARD
S2
MASTER PCB or
POSITION
CODER
POSITION
CODER
SPINDLE Feedback
CONTROL
AXIS-CARD
or
X
MASTER PCB or MOTHER-BOARD or CPU AXIS-motion
controller
Y
B
AXIS-Feedback
CONTROL
DC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR

AXIS COMMAND
ARMATURE VOLTAGE
CONTROLLER UNIT
0~10v (-10v~+10v)
CNC
TACHO FEEDBACK
VELOCITY
POSITION
FEEDBACK
DC MOTOR
ROTARY ENCODER
or
LINEAR SCALE FEEDBACK
DC SERVO MOTOR PARTS - 1/2
DC SERVO MOTOR’s
Resolver &
DC SERVO MOTOR Tacho-generator
DC SERVO MOTOR PARTS - 2/2
Tacho-Generator Brush Arrangement DC MOTOR Armature – Brush 4 Nos.
DC SERVO MOTOR DC MOTOR Armature – Brush Mounting

AC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR

AXIS COMMAND
Stator VOLTAGE
CONTROL UNIT
0~10v (-10v~+10v)
CNC
VELOCITY
VELOCITY FEEDBACK
POSITION FEEDBACK
POSITION
FEEDBACK
AC ANALOG
SERVO
MOTOR
ROTARY ENCODER
or
Servo Motor cross-section

Permanent Copper wire Pulse coder
magnet Rotor (Stator Coil)
Shaft
AC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR PARTS - 1/2
AC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR Permanent Magnet Rotor Pulsecoder

AC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR PARTS - 2/2
DC SERVO MOTOR AC SERVO MOTOR

AC Digital SERVO MOTOR
DIGITAL
Stator
SERVO AMPLIFIER
COMMAND
CNC VOLTAGE
(IGBT)
VELOCITY &
POSITION
FEEDBACK
ADDITIONAL AC DIGITAL
POSITION SERVO
FEEDBACK MOTOR
TYPE-A
AMPLIFIER ROTARY ENCODER
or
AC Digital SERVO MOTOR

DIGITAL
COMMAND
SERVO AMPLIFIER
Stator
VELOCITY &
CNC VOLTAGE
POSITION
(IPM)
FEEDBACK
ADDITIONAL AC DIGITAL
POSITION SERVO
FEEDBACK MOTOR
TYPE-B
AMPLIFIER ROTARY ENCODER
or
AC DIGITAL SERVO MOTOR PARTS

AlPha Series
Servo Motor
PSM
SVM
Beta Series Servo Motor
Pulsecoder
Beta
Amp
FANUC ‘s Different types of Pulse coders
Pulse Coder Type RESOLUTION Absolute/ Applicable Motor

(Division/rev) Incremental
A1000i 1,000,000 Absolute
All Models
I1000i 1,000,000 Incremental
A16000i 16,000,000 Absolute All Models except
Ci Series
SPINDLE
SPEED
S1
MASTER PCB or MOTHER-BOARD or CPU CONTROLLER
CARD
S2
POSITION
CODER
POSITION
CODER
SPINDLE
Feedback
CONTROL
DC Analog Spindle Motor
SPEED COMMAND
CONTROLLER UNIT
0~10v ( or -10v~+10v) ARMATURE VOLTAGE
CNC INPUT SIGNAL
OUTPUT SIGNAL
TACHO FEEDBACK
SPINDLE
to CNC
Speed Feedback
for mm/Rev to Orientation PCB
or Thread Cutting
for TAPPING
DC
SPINDLE
MOTOR
POSITION CODER
1024 PPR
MAG.SENSOR or
BUILT IN SENSOR for ORIENTATION
AC Analog Spindle Motor
SPEED COMMAND Stator VOLTAGE
AMPLIFIER UNIT
0~10v ( or -10v~+10v)
CNC INPUT SIGNAL
OUTPUT SIGNAL
SPINDLE
to CNC VELOCITY FEEDBACK
Speed Feedback
for mm/Rev to Orientation.PCB
or Thread Cutting
for TAPPING
AC
SPINDLE
MOTOR
POSITION CODER
1024 PPR
MAG.SENSOR or
AC Digital Serial Spindle Motor
SP. MOTOR Stator VOLTAGE

SERIAL or OPTICAL
CONTROLLER UNIT
CNC COMMUNICATION
of SPEED
SPEED FEEDBACK
ORIENTATION COMMAND VELOCITY FEEDBACK
SPINDLE
ORIENTATION FEEDBACK
& OTHER SIGNALS
for mm/Rev feed movement

DIGITAL PARAMETERS
SP. SPEED FEEDBACK

TO ORIENTATION PCB
or THREAD CUTTING
AC
SPINDLE
MOTOR
or TAPPING
POSITION CODER
1024 PPR
MAG.SENSOR or
CNC & Axis Motor Drives
Amplifier
CNC
Machine
Pulse Coder
Motor
Servo Motor Application example

Pulse coder Servo motor
Table
Ball nut Ball screw
Command Command Setting

Servo amp. CNC Screen
Feed back
(1)Generally servo motor is applied for machine required precise position control as above example.
(2) As above example, servo motor is combined with ball screw. Rotation movement is converted to
linear movement by ball screw then table moves forward and backward.
43
Servo motor control
Follow pulley Table Lead
Ball screw
Ball nut
Drive pulley
To move table 100mm distance
Gear ration 1:2 1. How many rotation of Ball Screw ?

Requires 5 full rotation of Screw
Ball screw lead/Pitch = 20mm
2. How many rotation of motor shaft ?
Pulse coder resolution 3,000 pulse/rev.
10 full rotation of motor shaft
3. How many Pulses generated ?
3,000x10=30,000 pulses
Servo motor control
Ball screw
Ball nut
Drive pulley

5 full rotation of motor shaft
3,000x5=15,000 pulses
Servo motor control
Ball screw
Ball nut
Drive pulley

2.5 full rotation of motor shaft
3,000x2.5= 7,500 pulses
System configuration
FANUC Series 0i Mate Model-D
Series 0i Mate- Model D AC SPINDLE MOTOR

i
SERVO AMPLIFIER
b series
LCD mounted type CNC
control unit
bi SVSP series
8.4 " LCD /MDI (color)
Memory card
FSSB
AC SERVO MOTOR
FANUC I/O Link
Max. I/O points: input 256 /output 256
i
bS series
SERVO AMPLIFIER bi SV series
(with I/O Link)
AC SERVO MOTOR
Operator’s panel Connection panel biS series (only 1 axis)
I/O module
FANUC Series 0i Model-D

Embedded Ethernet 100 BASE-TX (Standard)
Configuration
Series 0i-MD Internet
8.4 " LCD /MDI (color) PC

LCD mounted type CNC
10.4 " LCD (color) control unit
AC SPINDLE MOTOR
ai series
SERVO AMPLIFIER
ai series
FSSB
FANUC I/O Link AC SERVO MOTOR

DI/DO 1024/1024 (Standard)
2048/2048 (Option)
aiS series
Connection can also be established
i
with b series.
AC SERVO MOTOR
Connection biS series
Operator’s panel panel SERVO AMPLIFIER bi SV series
I/O module I/O unit for 0i
(I/O Link)
FANUC Series 0i-D

Total Connection Drawing
& Parts Removal

FS0i-D Total Connection Drawing

FS0i-D total connection drawing

FS0i-D total connection drawing

FS0i-D total connection Drawing – Option Boards

FS0i Mate-D I/O Link Connection

FS0i-D I/O Link Connection

Major Elements used on CNC Machines

 CNC
 LCD/Touch Screen
 Machine Operator Panel
 Servo Motors & Amplifier
 Spindle Motors & Amplifier
 Electrical Control Panel
 Mechanical Unit & Assembly

 Hydraulic Circuit
 Lubrication Circuit
 Pneumatic Circuit
FS0i-D CNC connector mounting locations



Axis Card & PSU on CNC

AXIS Card Removal

AXIS Card Mounting

FROM / SRAM used on CNC
(DIMM-Dual Inline Memory Module)

FROM/SRAM Module Demounting & Mounting

Details of DATA stored in SRAM 1of2

Details of DATA stored in SRAM 2of2

FS0i-D 2Slots Option PCB mounting locations

Replacing Main Board 1 of 2

Replacing Main Board 2 of 2

FS0i-D CNC Battery Replacement

FS0i-D CNC FANs Replacement

Memory Card Slot in front of CNC

Memory Card Slot in front of CNC

FS0i-D CNC Block Diagram

LED display on CNC Main Board

CNC Main Board LED display - details

CNC Main Board LED display – details 1 of 3

CNC Main Board LED display - details 2 of 3

CNC Main Board LED BLINKING – details 3 of 3

End of
CNC Connection Drawing,
Part Location & Removal,
LED & 7-SEGMENT Indications.
S
FANUC Series 0i–TD (2 Path)

Ethernet 100 BASE-TX (standard)
Series 0i-TD Internet
PC
8.4" LCD /MDI (color)
bi series SERVO
10.4" LCD (color)
1st path
FSSB
bi Spindle motor
biS Servo motor
biSVSP
2nd path
FANUC I/O Link
DI/DO 1024/1024 (Standard)
2048/2048(Option) Also ai series can be used.
Connection
Operator’s panel I/O unit for 0i biS Servo motor
I/O Link bi servo amplifier
panel
I/O module
Graphic overview of 802D sl CNC system



SIEMENS 802D
Quick Anatomic Study &
CNC Connection Drawing

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
of
SINUMERIC 802D sl
solution line Series
with SINAMICS S120
System configuration - SIEMENS 802D sl

System Overview - SIEMENS 802D sl without MCPA Module




System Overview-SIEMENS 802D sl with MCPA Module

Connection overview for SINUMERIK 802D sl - without MCPA Module



Connection overview for SINUMERIK 802D sl - with MCPA Module

Connection overview for SINUMERIK 802D sl - with MCPA Module

Connecting the SINAMICS drive to the DRIVE-CLiQ interface

Connection with ALM (Active Line Module) and DRIVE-CLiQ
ALM (Active Line Module)


Connection with SLM (Smart Line Module) and DRIVE-CLiQ
SLM (Smart Line Module)


Connecting the DRIVE-CLiQ Hub Module DMC20

Connecting the DRIVE-CLiQ Hub Module DMC20
Connection overview for SINUMERIK 802D sl
Connecting digital Inputs and digital Outputs to connectors X20 and X21


SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
of
SINUMERIC 802D bl
base line Series
with SIMODRIVE 611
SINUMERIC 802D bl with SIMODRIVE 611UE

System Configuration - SIEMENS 802D bl with SIMODRIVE 611

System Configuration - SIEMENS 802D bl with SIMODRIVE 611

System configuration - SIEMENS 802D bl with SIMODRIVE 611

System configuration - SIEMENS 802D bl with SIMODRIVE 611
General Design of a Profibus Line

End of
SIEMENS - 802D
CNC Anatomy study &
Connection Drawing
SIEMENS 810D
SIEMENS SINUMERIK-808D
Hand-wheels SINAMICS SINAMICS SINAMICS SINAMICS
G120 V60 V60 V60
Pulse / direction interface CPM60.1 CPM60.1 CPM60.1
digital tool probe*)
PPU141.1
USB stick analogue +/- 10V

& keyboard
TTL Spindle
Ribbon cable encoder
USB
Terminal
strip converter
MCP
RS232C
PLC
process signals
Notebook 1LE1 standard 1FL5 1FL5 1FL5
motor synchronous synchronous synchronous
*) Only for milling version feed motor feed motor feed motor
SINAMICS V60 / 1FL5  Maximum feed dynamics
SINUMERIK 808D - PPU141.1 SINAMICS V60 - CPM60.1 1FL5 feed motors
A perfect team for demanding feed-axis solutions
SINAMICS V60 drive modules and 1FL5 feed motors are the perfect partners in order to
achieve maximum dynamics and accuracy for feed-axes.
SINAMICS G120 / 1LE1  Economic spindle power
SINUMERIK 808D SINAMICS G120 Power Module SIMOTICS 1LE1

PPU141.1 with control unit CU240B-2 standard motor
A perfect team for economic spindle solutions
SINAMICS G120 drive modules and 1LE1 standard motors are the perfect partners in order to
enable economic spindle solutions.
SIEMENS 828D
SIEMENS 828D
SIEMENS 840D
SINUMERIK Current CNC System Range
Smart Class Compact class Premium class

SINUMERIK 808D SINUMERIK 828D SINUMERIK 840D sl
Operative range •CNC system for •CNC system for •Open flexible and
standard machines compact machines strong CNC system
Technology •Turning •Turning •Universal for all

•Milling •Milling Technologies
Configuration •Compact panel- •Compact panel-based •Modular, scalable,
based CNC CNC in hori-zontal and universal CNC with
vertical design high-performance
SINAMICS drives
Degree of •Up to 3 Axes •Up to 8 Axes/Spindles •Up to 93 Axes/Spindles

expansion +1 Spindle in in 1 machining channel in 10 machining
1 machining channel channels from 3 to 5
axes simultaneously
SINUMERIK Current CNC System Range
standard machines premium machines
SINUMERIK 808D SINUMERIK 828D BASIC SINUMERIK 828D SINUMERIK 840D sl

End of
Concept of CNC Technology
and CNC Control Anatomy
2. Anatomy of Mechanical structure

for various type of machines
3
CNC Machining Center

CNC Milling Machine

 A machine capable of simultaneous cutting motion, using
an end mill as the primary cutting tool, along at least 2~3
axes simultaneously
 Basic axes: X, Y, Z
 Additional axes: A, B, C (Rotary/Indexing), ATC …etc
 Basic Spindle Motor is fully controlled AC Digital Spindle

Classification
 By the number of axes - 2, 3 or more
 By the orientation – Vertical, Horizontal
 By presence or absence of Tool changer
 By presence or absence of Pallet changer

CNC Vertical Machining Centre

CNC Horizontal Machining Centre

CNC Horizontal Machining Centre with APC

Features of a Machining Centre
 Automatic tool changer (ATC)
 Automatic pallet changer (APC)
 Multiple operations
 Multi axes facility
 Types : VMC , HMC , UMC

Drum type tool magazine

Oval type tool magazine

Tool Changing Mechanism



Key
YouConcept
must understand the
Number
machineOne
you’ll be working
with!
FANUC 10M
POWER O NG P A 7 8 9 RESET
ON X00.0000 XU YV ZW Q B
I J K RC Sp
4
1
5 6
2 3
START
FE D? H@ L@ #, - 0
OFF Y00.0000 M[ S] T( EOB) / *
PAGE CURSOR
+ = CAN
CALC
INPUT
Z00.0000
SHIFT NC/PC
AUX
CYCLE FEED MDI JOG

START HOLD AUTO ON
HANDLE OFF
DRYSINGLEMACHINEOPTIONALBLOCK
EDIT ZERO RUNBLOCK LOCK STOP DELETE
100%
MODE RETURN OFF ON ORIGIN
25% 50% X Z
X+ 10% 100% MEMORY X1X10X100
Z- Z+ PROTECT X Z
0% 200% RAPID 8 9 10 1112
X- FEEDRATE 67
JOYSTICK
OVERRIDE OVERRIDE 45 0
EMERGENCY 3
STOP ON OFF 2
SPINDLE SLOW FAST 1TURRET INDEX
100% 100%
0% 130% 0% 130%
OD ID
SPINDLE AXIS LOAD
LOAD
X Z CLAMP
DIRECTION
MV 4VA
FANUC 10M
POWER O NG P A 7 89 RESET
ON XU YV ZW Q B 4 5 6 START
X00.0000 I J K RC Sp 1 23
FE D? H@ L@ #, - 0
Y00.0000
CALC
OFF M[ S] T( EOB) /* + = CAN INPUT
PAGE CURSOR
Z00.0000 SHIFT NC/PC
AUX
CYCLE FEED MDI JOG

START HOLD ON
AUTO HANDLE OFF
DRYSINGLE
MACHINE
OPTIONAL
BLOCK
EDIT ZERO RUNBLOCK LOCK STOP DELETE
MODE RETURN OFF ON ORIGIN
100% 25%50%
?
X Z
X+ 10% 100% MEMORY X10
X1 X100
Z- Z+ PROTECT X Z
0% 200% 9 101112
X- RAPID 78
JOYSTICK FEEDRATE 6
OVERRIDE OVERRIDE 5 4 0
EMERGENCY
3
STOP ON OFF 2
SPINDLE SLOW FAST TURRET
1 INDEX
100% 100%
0% 130% 0% 130%
OD ID
SPINDLE LOAD AXIS LOAD
X Z CLAMP
DIRECTION
MV 4VA
What machining operations will

you be performing?
Basic Machining Practice

Hole Machining Tools:
Center Drill
Spot Drill
Twist Drill
Countersink
Tap
Counter Bore
Reamer
Boring Bar
Milling Cutters:
End Mills
Shell Mills
Face Mills
Dovetail Mills
Chamfer Mills
Radius Mills
Slotting Mills
Machine Configurations
 C frame style Vertical Machining Center
 Gantry style Vertical Machining Center
 Horizontal Machining Center

Vertical
Machining Centers
C-Frame Style
147
C-frame style
Y axis Ways
Bed
149
C-frame style
Column
Z axis ways
151
C-frame style
Headstock
Spindle
152
C-frame style
155
C-frame style
X axis ways
Saddle
156
C-frame style
Table
158
C-frame style
Automatic
tool changer
161
C-frame style
Indexer
164
C-frame style
Rotary table
HMC
Horizontal
Machining Centers
183
Horizontal Machining Center
Z axis ways
Bed
185
Column
Y axis ways
187
Spindle
Headstock
189
X axis ways
Saddle
190
Table
191
Automatic
tool changer
192
Automatic
pallet changer
193

Chip guard
system
Directions of motion
 C frame style vertical machining center
 Gantry style vertical machining center
 Horizontal machining center

195
Axis Directions
VMC
196
Axis Directions
X Axis
204
Axis Directions
X Axis
210
Axis Directions
X Axis
226
Axis Directions
X Axis
227
Axis Directions
Y Axis
232
Axis Directions
Y Axis
247
Axis Directions
Z Axis
253
Axis Directions
Z Axis
258
Axis Directions
Z Axis
269
Axis Directions
Z Axis
270
Axis Directions
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
271
Axis Directions
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
275
Axis Directions
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
278
Axis Directions
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
280
Axis Directions
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
285
C-frame style VMC
Parallel
A axis
to X axis
286
C-frame style
Parallel
B axis to Y axis
287
C-frame style
Parallel
C axis to Z axis
288
C-frame style
plus
289
C-frame style
minus
Gantry style
Vertical
Machining Centers
Gantry Style
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
X axis
Gantry Style
Y axis
Gantry Style
Y axis
Gantry Style
Y axis
Gantry Style
Y axis
Gantry Style
Y axis
Gantry Style
Y axis
Gantry Style
Y axis
Gantry Style
Y axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Z axis
Gantry Style
Gantry Style
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
Gantry Style
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
Gantry Style
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
Gantry Style
Z+
Y+
X- X+
Y-
Z-
HMC
Horizontal
Machining Centers
Horizontal Style
Horizontal Style
Horizontal Style
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
X axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Y axis
Horizontal Style
Z axis
Horizontal Style
Z axis
Horizontal Style
Z axis
Horizontal Style
Z axis
Horizontal Style
Z axis
Horizontal Style
Z axis
Horizontal Style
Z axis
Horizontal Style
Horizontal Style
Indexer or B axis
Horizontal Style
Y+
Z+
X+ X-
Z-
Y-
Horizontal Style
Y+
Z+
X+ X-
Z-
Y-
Horizontal Style
Y+
Z+
X+ X-
Z-
Y-
CNC Machining Centre

1. VMC
Crash course Learning – Milling Machines
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 .
2. HMC
3. UMC
Bed type, Travelling-Column, Bridge Type, Gantry, T-Shape
CNC Turning Center

CNC Turning Lathe

 A CNC machine capable of simultaneous cutting motion,
using a tool, which is mounted on Turret (indexing),
along at least 2 axes simultaneously to carry out various
basic lathe operation such as Turning, Facing,
Threading, Grooving,
 Basic axes: X, Z
 Additional axes: C, Live Tool
 Basic Spindle Motor can be simple Induction Motor
with/without inverter Drive; or Fully controlled AC Digital
Spindle Motor
 Additional Spindle or Sub-Spindle
CNC Turning Centre

1. Straight Bed Lathe
2. Slant Bed Lathe
3. VTL (Vertical Turret Lathe)

& VERTICAL TURNING CENTRE
End of CNC Machines Anatomy

Mechanical Elements Study
and VMC crash course learning
3. Effective use of Electrical

Circuit diagram – (Anatomy study)
2
Sample Study-1: AMS MCV-350 (.pdf)
Sample Study-2: BFW BMV45 (.pdf)
Sample Study-3: Jyoti DX-200 (.pdf)
Sample Study-4: Japanese M/C (.pdf) (.pdf) (.pdf)
The above study materials are not distributed in your CD

4. Effective use of Hydraulic

Circuit diagram
Hydraulic Circuit of AMS MCV-350 1 of 3
(.pdf)
401
(.pdf)
402
(.pdf)
(.pdf)
5. Effective use of Pneumatic

Circuit diagram
Pneumatic Circuit of AMS MCV-350 1 of 4
(.pdf)
406
(.pdf)
407
(.pdf)
408
(.pdf)
6. Effective use of Lubrication

Circuit diagram
Lubrication Circuit of AMS MCV-350
(.pdf)
Lubrication Circuit of BFW-BMV45 TC20

2
(.pdf)
IMTMA – Effective Maintenance Workshop Anatomy of CNC Machines
End of
CNC Machine
Brief Anatomy Study

Anatomy of CNC Machines BLR-IMTMA Presntation Sep 18, 2014

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Anatomy of CNC Machines BLR-IMTMA Presntation Sep 18, 2014

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IMTMA – Effective Maintenance Workshop Anatomy of CNC Machines 1

by Ramadas R. Nambi, Industry Consultant

It is essential to have anatomy knowledge of

3. ELECTRICAL ELEMENTS 4. HYDRAULIC ELEMENTS

5. PNEUMATIC ELEMENTS 6. LUBRICATION …etc

1. Anatomy of CNC Control System

Concepts of CNC Technology

 LCD/MDI, MACHINE CONTROL PANEL

 SERVO-MOTORS thro SERVO-CONTROLLER/DRIVE

 SPINDLE MOTOR thro SPINDLE-CONTROLLER/DRIVE

 ATC, APC, TURRET, INDEX TABLE ...etc

Basic Major Functions of any Computer

AXIS & SPINDLE

CNC SYSTEM major MAIN ELEMENTS

LCD Display UNIT DISPLAY DRIVER GRAPHIC Display

SERVO-AXIS AXIS-Feedback MDI-KEYBOARD

SPINDLE-MOTOR Spindle - Feedback COMMUNICATION

PLC - CONTROL MEMORY-PCB ANALOG - I/O

Man Relay TTL Micro computer

FANUC’s HISTORY SIEMENS’s HISTORY:

RBU CNC m/c

LADDER DIAGRAM DIPLAY

R607.2 D300.2 R705.5 R700.7

R650.3 D300.7 D300.1 R700.6

R600.2 D444.0 R555.7 R650.3

What is NO, NC, COIL ?

85 -ve DC/AC 85 -ve DC/AC

What is NO, NC, COIL ?

Different types of NO, NC, COIL SYMBOLS

COIL COIL COIL

NO=Normally Open NC =Normally Closed COIL = RELAY ON/OFF

Different types of NO, NC, COIL SYMBOLS

PMC to CNC Within PMC MT to PMC

CNC to PMC Within PMC PMC to MT

FANUC CNC’s different types of ADDRESS

FANUC CNC’s different types of ADDRESS

FANUC CNC’s different types of ADDRESS

FANUC LADDER DIAGRAM MONITOR

SIEMENS CNC’s different types of ADDRESS

DB - Even Address (first 2-digits) is from PLC to CNC

DC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR

DC SERVO MOTOR PARTS - 1/2

DC SERVO MOTOR PARTS - 2/2

Tacho-Generator Brush Arrangement DC MOTOR Armature – Brush 4 Nos.

DC SERVO MOTOR DC MOTOR Armature – Brush Mounting

AC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR

Servo Motor cross-section

AC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR PARTS - 1/2

AC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR Permanent Magnet Rotor Pulsecoder

AC ANALOG SERVO MOTOR PARTS - 2/2

DC SERVO MOTOR AC SERVO MOTOR

AC Digital SERVO MOTOR

AC Digital SERVO MOTOR

AC DIGITAL SERVO MOTOR PARTS

FANUC ‘s Different types of Pulse coders

Pulse Coder Type RESOLUTION Absolute/ Applicable Motor

DC Analog Spindle Motor

CNC INPUT SIGNAL

AC Analog Spindle Motor

SPEED COMMAND Stator VOLTAGE

AC Digital Serial Spindle Motor

SP. MOTOR Stator VOLTAGE

for mm/Rev feed movement

SP. SPEED FEEDBACK