fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 

 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
22 jk m˙Éf√oh
ldìhqfr®gr Ndú;h
bj;a ùu
fudagr® r: ksIamdokh wdrïN jQ wjêfha isg fï olajd
ishjilg;a jeä ld,hla tl †.gu ldìhqfr®gr l%uh tka‚ka
i|yd fhdod .;a kuq;a tys ms<shï fkdue;s fodaI .Kkdjlau úh'
ta w;=˙ka fudagr® r: msgdr jdhqj iuÛ m˙irhg msgfjk úI
≥u iïmQr®Kfhkau wju ls¯ug fkdyels ùu m%Odk;u fodaIh úh'
tfy;a 60 oYlfha° muK we;eï iqms˙ fudagr® r: i|yd muKla
fhdod .;a fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u ;=,ska m˙irhg msgfjk úI
≥u iïmQr®Kfhkau mdfya wju lr .ekqug yels úh' tfukau
fyd| bkaOk ms˙ueiaula hgf;a jeä cjhla ,nd .ekqugo yelsúh'
f,dj fudagr® r: m˙yrKh jeäj;au bka m˙irhg
msgfjk úI ≥uo †fkka †ku jeäjQ neúka c.;a m˙ir fõ°kaf.a
wjOdkho fï ms<sn|j jeä jYfhka fhduq jqks' fï hgf;a ;u
rgj,g wdkhkh lrkq ,nk fudagr® r: i|yd msgdr úI jdhq
md,k m%ñ;s ta ta rgj,a u.skau ilia lr .ekqkq w;r tys° we;eï
rgj,a i|yd ldnka fudfkdlaihsâ jeks úI jdhq iïmQr®Kfhkau
msgdr jdhqfjka bj;aúh hq;= úh' tfy;a fuu ;;ajh ldìhqfr®gr
iys; fmg%,a tka‚ka j,ska ,nd.; fkdyels jQ w;r th ch .ekqug
ldìhqfr®gr l%uh iïmQr®Kfhkau bj;a lr fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u
wksjdr®hfhkau fhdod .ekqug fudagr® r: ksIamdolhska yg is≥úh'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
80 oYlfha° muK we;eï rgj,a i|yd ldìhqfr®gr iys; r:
wdkhkh iïmQr®Kfhkau ;ykï ùu ksid iqms˙ r: i|yd muKla
fjkaj ;snQ fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u tu wjêfhau idudkH r:
i|ydo nyq,j fhdod .ekqks'
by; wdldrhg ldìhqfr®gr l%uh fudagr® r:j,ska
bj;aj hk wjêfha° th /l .ekqug tys .eíj ;snQ fodaI bj;a
ls¯ug ksIamdolhska úiska ;j ≥rg;a kùlrK fhdod .kakd ,°'
fï hgf;a bf,lafg%dksla md,k ldìhqfr®gr úYd, jYfhka ìysùu
wdrïN jQ w;r ta iEu l%uhlau mdfya wms fuu .%ka:h ;=,ska
wOHhkh lf<uq' fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u i|yd jeä úhoula
orkakg is≥ùu iy fï jkúg ksr®udKhj ;snQ bkafclaIka l%u
;u ksIamdok i|yd ,nd .ekqfï° tajdfha fmagkaÜ whs;sh
fjkqfjka f.ùug is≥ùu jeks lreKq u; fuf,i ldìhqfr®grh
;j ≥rg;a fudagr® r: iuÛ r|jd .ekqug ksIamdolhska W;aidy
f.k we;' tfy;a miq ld,fha° y∫kajd ≥ka isx.,a fmdhskaÜ
bkafclaIka l%uh fuu bf,lafg%dksla ldìhqfr®gr j,g jvd
,dNodhS fukau idr®:l ùu ksid bf,lafg%dksla ldìhqfr®gr l%uho
tu wjêfhau k;r jqks'
■ ldìhqfr®gr ;=, ieÛjqkq fodaI
jd;h whsâ,ska moaO;sh ➧
➥
➥
wvq fõ. moaO;sh
jeä fõ. moaO;sh
fpdala moaO;sh
mjr® jE,aõ moaO;sh
fmg%,a y†is ;ajrK moaO;sh
ldìhqfr®grh
tka‚u
ldìhqfr®grhl moaO;s lsysmhlska ñY%Kh ielfik
whqre
idudkH ldìhqfr®grhla u.ska tka‚ulg fmg%,a jd;
ñY%Kh imhk udr®. lsysmhlau we;s w;r by; igyfka leg
igykla whq˙ka tu udr®. olajd we;' flfia kuq≥ fï w;=˙ka
tka‚ug imhk fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh úI jdhq we;s fkdjk f,i
ndysrj iSreudre l, yelafla whsâ, fõ. moaO;sfha° mu◊' fï
w;r by; igyk whqre ldìhqfr®gr l%ufha° moaO;s .Kkdjlska
fmg%,a ,nd°u ksid ñY%Kh ireùu iy nd, ùu j˙ka jr wkjYH
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
f,i is≥ùfuka ñY%Kh jvd;a irejk úg fukau nd,jk úgo
msgdr jdhqj úI jdhQkaf.ka wvql, yels fkdfõ'
fõ˙hn,a fcÜ ldìhqfr®grhl fuu iemhqï udr®.
ish,a,u fjkqfjka we;af;a tla iemhqï udr®.hla neúka th wmg
wjYH m˙† iSreudre ls¯ug ñY%Kh ielish yels úh' ta wkqj
fuu fodaI .ek is;k úg fõ˙hn,a fcÜ ldìhqfr®grh b;d
b†˙fhka isà' tfy;a tla tla fõ. iSud wkqj wjYH úúO ñY%K
wkqmd; ieliSu wmyiq ksid th r:hg wjYH cjh ,nd .ekqfï°
t;rï idr®:l fkdùu;a" th idr®:l lr .ekqug l< kùlrK
fya;=fjka tu ldìhqfr®grhg;a by; olajd we;s whqre w;sfr®l
moaO;s tlajQ neúkq;a tho idr®:l úl,amhla f,i ie<lsh
fkdyel' flfia kuq≥ fmd≥fõ .;a l, fuu iEu ldìhqfr®gr
l%uhl°u isis,a jk bka,Ü ueksf*da,avfhka my; ±lafjk fodaI
/ilau u;= jQ w;r thg úl,am ms<shu jQfha ldìhqfr®gr l%uh
iïmQr®Kfhkau bj;a lr fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%uh f;dard .ekSuhs'
ldìhqfr®gr l%uh fhdod .ekqfï° bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ksr®udKh
wmyiq jQ whqreo fuys° wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
øjhla jdIam njg m;aùfï° msg;ska ;dmh Wrd .ekqu
idudkH fN!;Sl .=Khls' ldìhqfr®grh ;=,o is≥jkafka fmg%,a øjh
fmg%,a jdIam njg yerùu neúka thg wjYH ;dmh jeä jYfhka
Wrd.kq ,nkafka bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ì;a;sfhks' tka‚ula mk .ekajQ
ú.i fuf,i isis,aj mj;sk bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh yryd yudhk
ñY%Kfha fmg%,a >kSNjkh (condensed) ù ;ekam;ajk w;r
tu wvqj jeiSug ldìhqfr®gr fpdala moaO;sfhka ire ñY%Khla
,ndfoa' we;eï úg tka‚u jvd;a isis,a kï tu wkqmd; w.h 1:1
la f,i b;d ire úh yelsh' flfia fyda tka‚u mk.kajd WKqiqï
jQ miq fpdala jE,ajh jeiSfuka ñY%K wkqmd;h kshu w.hg
f.fkkq ,enQj;a ueksf*da,avfha fmr ;ekam;a jQ fmg%,a kej;
jdIam ùfuka ñY%Kh wkjYH f,i ireùu is≥fõ' tu.ska msgdr
úI jdhQ we;s fjkjd fiau th bkaOk kdia;shlao fõ'
miq ld,fha° ldìhqfr®gr r: i|ydo leg,sála lkajr®gr
fhdod .ekqkq w;r tajd ñf,ka b;d wêl úh' fkdoejqkq fmg%,a
iy b;d ire ñY%K fhdod .ekqfuka fïjdg ydks is≥jqkq w;r fï
hgf;ao ldìhqfr®grh bj;a ls¯ug is≥úh' fuu fodaI bj;a ls¯u
i|yd bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ksr®udKfha l< fjkia lï lsysmhlao
we;s w;r tajdo fuys° wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
msgdr ueksf*da,avh bka,Ü ueksf*da,v
a h
msgdr
ueksf*da,avh
bka,Ü ueksf*da,v
a h (A) (B)
bka,Ü iy tlaiafydaiaÜ ueksf*da,aâ iújk l%u
tka‚ka ksr®udKfha° fuu A igyfkka olajd we;s whqre
bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh iy msgdr ueksf*da,avh is,skavr fyâ tl
fomiska iú ùu idudkH l%uhhs' tfy;a isis,a bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ
läkñka WKqiqï lr .ekqu i|yd úl,am ms<shula f,i by; B
igyk whqre fuu bka,Ü ueksf*da,avho msgdr ueksf*da,avh iuÛZ
tlu me;af;ka iú ls¯u we;eï r:j, is≥fjhs' túg tka‚u mk
.ekaùu;a iuÛ CI◊lj bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh WKqiqï jk w;r
tu.ska tka‚u isis,a úg ñY%Kh jdIam lr .ekqu fyd|ska is≥fjhs'
tfy;a fuh t;rï idr®:l fkdjkafka tka‚u WKqiqï jQ miq msgdr
ueksf*da,aâ WIaK;ajfhka bka,Ü ueksf*da,avho wkjYH whq˙ka
b;d by< w.hlg WKqiqïj fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh jeä jYfhka
m%idrKh ls¯uhs' jd;h m%idrKh ùfuka tys >k;ajh wvqjk
w;r túg tys wvx.= Tlaiscka m%udKho wvq ù oykh iïmQr®K
fkdùu" ñY%Kh wkjYH f,i ireùu" tka‚ka cjh wvqùu jeks
fodaI we;sfjhs'
fmg%,a tka‚ka ;=, is≥jk widudkH oykhla b.aksIka
fkdlaùu tfia;a ke;akï b.aksIka .eiSu hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs'
fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh jvd;a WKqqiqï ùu fuf,i b.aksIka fkdlaùu
we;s ùug tla fya;=jls' ta wkqj by; wdldrhg bka,Ü iy msgdr
ueksf*da,aâ fol tl me;a;lg .ekSu ;j;a fodaIhlg fya;=jla
úh' ;jo fuf,i ueksf*da,aâ folu tlu me;a;lg .ekSu tka‚ka
ksr®udKho wmyiq lrjhs' fujka lrekq /ila hgf;a by;
wdldrhg ueksf*da,aâ folu tlu me;a;lg .ekqu r: jr®.
lsysmhl muKla is≥jqks'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

■ ñY%Kh tl iudk f,iska fn°hdu wmyiqùu

➧
jd;h
fmg%,a ➜

ldìhqfr®grh
bka,Ü ueksf*da,v
a h

fjdagr® celÜ

bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh l+,kaÜ u.ska WKqqiqï ls¯u ➊ ❷ ❸ ❹

fuys olajd we;af;a bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh WKqqiqï ls¯ug
lr we;s ;j;a úl,am ms<shuls' fuys° tka‚fï WKqiqï l+,kaÜ
ødjkh bka,Ü ueksf*da,avfha we;s l=yr tkï fjdagr® celÜ yryd ldìhqfr®gr l%ufha° ishΩ is,skavr i|yd ñY%Kh
iudk f,iska fkd,efnk whqre
ixirKh lrkq ,nhs' l+,kaÜ WIaK;ajh idudkHfhka fi' 1000 ldìhqfr®gr tka‚ul is,skavr i|yd fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh
l muK w.hl ksh;j mj;sk neúka fuu.ska bka,Ü iemfhk whqre fuys olajd ;sfnhs' fuys fomi we;s is,skavr fol
ueksf*da,avh jvd;a WKqiqï ùu is≥ fkdfõ' tfy;a tka‚u mk.kajd msysgd we;af;a ldìhqfr®grfhka jvd;a wE;aj ksid ueo is,skavr
l+,kaÜ WIaK;ajh by< k.sk ;=re ld,h ;=, ñY%%Kh jdIam lr folg ;rï fyd¢ka fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh wE; is,skavr j,g
.ekqfï wmyiq;djh fuys° we;sfjhs' fkd,efí' fï ksid is,skavr y;r fjka fjka jYfhka .;a úg
tka‚ka ´jr® ySÜ wΩ;ajeähdjka j,° fkdoekqj;alu u; Wm†k n,h tlsfklg fjkiah' fuu fodaIh msgq oelSu i|ydo
we;eï ldr®ñlhska fr®äfhagr ;r®uiageÜ bj;a ls¯u" *Eka Wm¯u úl,am ms<shï ldìhqfr®gr tka‚ka j, fhdod .ekqkq w;r ta
fõ.fhka tl †.gu ls%hdlrùug ie,eiaùu" ;r®fuda lma,ska iys; fudkjdoehs fidhd n,uq'
*Eka f,dla lr *Eka fõ.h jeä ls¯u iy th tl†.gu
ls%hdlrùug ie,eiaùu jeks úl,am wΩ;ajeähd l%u Ndú;d lrk fuys olajd we;af;a
w;r ta ieulskau is≥ jkafka tka‚ka WIaK;ajh my< w.hl ;nd ldìhqfr®gr tka‚ka j,
.ekquhs' by; i|yka wdldrfha bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ iys; r:hl is,skavr msrùu iu ls¯ug
tjka wΩ;ajeähdjla l,fyd;a l+,kaÜ WIaK;ajh by< fkdhdfuka lrk ,o úl,am ms<shuls'
bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh jvd;a isis,aj wkjYH fodaI we;súh yelsh' fuys° bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh
uQ,sl f,i fldgia follg
fnod tajd kej; w;= follg
fn°fuka ldìhqfr®grh isg
iEu is,skavrhlgu we;s
bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ kùlrK ≥r tl iudk lr ;sfnhs' ta
wkqj fuys is,skavr msrùu iudk jqj;a fjk;a fodaIhla u;=j we;'
tkï fuf,i bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh w;= j,g fn°fuka tys
ldìhqfr®grh isg is,skavr fmdar®Ü j,g we;s ≥r jeä ùuhs' fuf,i
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04     fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

ñY%Kh jeä ≥rla bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh yryd .uka ls¯fï° tka‚u ■ fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u fhdod .ekqu
isis,a úg fodaI we;s fjhs' fuhg fya;=j ñY%Kh jeä ≥rla isis,a jd;h bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ
f,day l=yr ;=, .uka ls¯fï° tys fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kfhka fmg%,a
fldgia >kSNjkh ù f,day ì;a;s u; /£ ñY%Kh nd, ùuhs' tys°
is≥jk ñY%K nd,ùu je<elaùug ñY%Kh b;d irel, hq;= jk
w;r tu.skao ;j;a fodaIhla we;s fjhs' tkï tka‚u mk.kajd
uo fõ,djlska bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh WKqiqï jQ miq tys /∫kq fmg%,a bkafclagr
wxY= ish,a, jdIam ù ñY%Kh ;†ka ire ù msgdr jdhqj úI ls¯uhs'
ta iuÛu tka‚ka ls%hdld˙;ajho úlD;s lrhs'
■ vn,a ldìhqfr®gr l%uh
fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh
ldìhqfr®grh tka‚ug wh;a iEu
is,skavrhlgu tl f,i fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%uhl ksr®udKh
iudk whq˙ka fnod °u fuys olajd we;af;a fmg%,a bkafclaIka moaO;shl
i|yd lrk ,o ;j;a ksr®udKhhs' fuys° bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh yryd jd;h muKla .uka
kùlrKhla kï fuu lrk w;r is,skavr fmdar®Ü wi,° bkafclagr u.ska fmg%,a
igyk u.ska olajd we;s ñY%Khg tl;= lrkq ,nhs' fuh u.ska ldìhqfr®gr l%ufha ;snQ
wdldrhg ldìhqfr®gr fodaI /ila bj;aj we;s whqre my; igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs'
folla ;ks tka‚ulg jd;h
ldìhqfr®gr-1 fh°uhs' fuys by<
ldìhqfr®gr-2
igyfkka olajd we;af;a
is,skavr 4 tka‚ulg
;ks ldìhq f r® g rhla
fh°fï° fomi is,k s va r
fol ldìhqfr®grfhka
jvd;a wE;ajk wdldrhhs' fmg%,a
my< igyfkka th bkafclagr
ldìhqfr®gr folla i|yd
kùlrKh lrf.k we;s
w;r tys° fuu tka‚fï
vn,a ldìhqfr®gr l%uh iEu is,skavrhlau
ldìhqfr®grhg tl iudk ≥˙ka msysghs' tfy;a fuu.skao tla
fodaIhla we;sfjhs' tkï ldìhqfr®gr folla fhdod .ekqu ksid bkafclaIka l%ufha° iudk f,iska ñY%Kh is,skavr
j,g ,efnk whqre
bkaOk CIhùu b;d jeä ùuhs' tfy;a bkaOk wrms˙ueiau t;rï fmg%,a bkafclaIka r:hl ñY%K iemhqu fuu igyfkka
fkdi,lk iqfLdamfNda.S fudagr® r:j, iy fr®iska ldr®j, fuu olajd we;' tys° tla is,skavrhla i|yd wjYH fmg%,a m%udKh
l%uh nyq,j fhdod .kakd ,°' .Kkh lr bka,Ü lg wi,g fjk fjku bkafclagr® jE,aõ
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04     fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

u.ska iafm%a lrkq ,nhs' fuu wdldrhg fmg%,a ú°u fcfg%dksla

l%uhla f,i ye¢kafjhs' fuh hdka;S%l iy bf,lafg%dksla hk
wdldr folgu is≥fjhs' fuys° bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh ;=,ska fmg%,a
rys; jd;h muKla .uka lrk neúka ishΩu is,skavr i|yd
taldld¯ f,i jd;h ,efnk f,ig tys l=yr úYd,j fukau †.ska
jeä ls¯uo l< yelsfjhs'
fudagr® r:
fuu bkafclaIka l%ufha° is,skavr i|yd taldld¯ f,i
jd;h iemhqfukq;a fjk fjku fmg%,a iemhSfukq;a is,skavr ldìhqfr®gr
ish,a,f.au ,efnk n,h taldld¯j Wm¯u w.fhka ,efí' bka
ldìhqfr®gr l%ufha ;snQ m%Odk;u fodaIh u. yefr®' fmg%,a ú°u fudagr® r: ±kqu-04
is≥ jkafka bka,Ü fmdar®Ü tl wi,gu neúka bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh
fld;rï isis,a jqj;a th ñY%K wkqmd;h fjkia ls¯ug fya;=
fkdfõ' ukao fuys° bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh yryd .uka lrkafka
jd;h muKla neúks' fï ksid fpdala moaO;sfhka we;s jQ fodaI u.
ye¯ hhs' ;jo y†is ;ajrKh i|yd wu;r fmg%,a fmdïmhla
fh°u wkjYHh' ukao h;a fuys° fjkapQ¯ l%uhla fhdod fkd.kakd
neúks' fï wkqj fcfg%dksla moaO;shla ldìhqfr®grhg jvd fld;rï
jeo.;a hhs wmg is;d.; yel' kùk fudagr® r: ;=,ska ldìhqfr®gr
l%u bj;a ls¯ug;a ta fjkqjg fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u wdfoaY
ls¯ug;a uQ,sl fya;=j ±ka wmg jgyd .; yelsh'
ldìhqfr®gr l%uh kùk fudagr® r: j,ska bj;aj we;akï
ta ms<sn|j fuf,i .%ka:hla ilia lrkq ,enqfõ ukaoehs Tn is;kq
we;' wo ksmofjk iEu fudagr® r:hlu fhdod .kq ,nkafka fmg%,a
bkafclaIka l%uh nj i;Hhls' tfy;a tu ixlSr®K ú≥ï l%u ìysj Carburetor with Electronic Idler control
we;af;a ldìhqfr®gr l%ufha ;snQ ms<shï fkdue;s fodaI j,g ,nd≥ka
ms<shï ksidfjks' ta wkqj fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u idr®:lj
wOHhkh i|yd ldìhqfr®gr l%u ms<sn|j wOHhkh lr tys
we;=,;a fodaI wjfndaO lr isáh hq;=fjhs' fuu .%ka:fha tla ã'tï'tï'oikdhl
wruqKla th fõ' ó<Ûg fuu ldìhqfr®gr ;=, we;af;a Wiia
;dCIKhla neúka ;dCIK úIhla f,i ye≤¯ug fuu lreKq b†˙
mrïmrdj i|yd .%ka: lr ;sìh hq;=fjhs' tfukau fudagr® r:
;=,ska ldìhqfr®grh bj;a jqj;a fudagr® ihsl,a ;S% ù,r iy l=vd
tka‚ka j, fuh b†˙hg;a fhdod .kq we;' tfukau oekg ksmojd fuu fjí msgqj ilid we;af;a by; olajd we;s
we;s ldìhqfr®gr r:o ;j;a oYl .Kkdjla mj;skq we;' fuu ldìhqfr®gr .%ka:fha 22jk m˙Éf√ofhka Wmqgd .kakd
lreKq ish,a, i<ld ne¨úg ldìhqfr®gr ms<sn|j ,shjqkq fuu ,o lreKq weiq˙ks'
.%ka:h isxyf,ka fuu úIh yodrK ieugu b;d jeo.;a jkq we;'
✪✪✪✪✪
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk