fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 

   fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

ldìhqfr®grh olajd fmg%,a .uka .kakd udr®.h iy ta w;r ;=r

03 jk m˙Éf√oh
ldìhqfr®gr bkaOk
iemhqï moaO;sh
ldìhqfr®grhl fjkapQ˙ ls%hdld˙;ajh iy whsâ, fõ."
jeä fõ. iy CI◊l ;ajrK hk moaO;s ms<sn|j uQ,sl oekqu
wms fuys uq,a m˙Éf√ofhka wOHhkh lf,uq' fuf,i ie,iqï l,
ldìhqfr®gr b;d ixlSr®K whq˙ka miq ld,fha° kùlrKh jQ w;r
tu kùlrKhka wOHhkhg fmr fuu ldìhqfr®grhg fmg%,a
iemhSug fhdod we;s moaO;sh ms<sn|j fuu m˙Éf√ofhka oekqj;a
fjuq'
iúj we;s fldgia fuys olajd we;' ta w;r fmg%,a gexlsh" fmg%,a
k, udr®." pdflda,a leksiagr®^kùk;u jdyk j, mu◊& fmg%,a
*s,agrh iy fmg%,a fmdïmh m%Odk ;ekla .kS'
by;ska olajd we;s fldgia tlg .;a úg th bkaOk
iemhqï moaO;sh f,i fjkalr ±laúh yels w;r thska uQ,sl
f,i n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka ldìhqfr®gr ls%hdj,shg fkdfjkia
mSvkhlska b;d ms˙is≥ f,i fmg%,a ,nd°uhs' ta iu.u b;d jeo.;a
jkafka wdrCIdjhs' ukao fmg%,a jyd .sks weúf,k bkaOkhla
neúks' fï ksid fmg%,a gexlsh iy tys k, udr®. r:h Odjkfha°
hg je°fuka mΩ≥ fkdjk f,ig wdrCIs; whq˙ka ;ekam;a lr
;sfí' ta jdf.au kùk r:j, fuu moaO;sfhka wjg jd;hg msgúh
yels fmg%,a jdIamh wju lr m˙irh iq/lSugo lghq;= fhdod
;sfí' pdflda,a leksiagrh fhdod we;af;a ta ldhH_h i|ydh'
■ fmg%,a gexlsh (Fuel Tank)
î%or® fydaia
pdflda,a ˙gka ,hska m%Odk k, udr®.h
leksig
a rhg

fmg%,a *s,agrh ˙gka fmg%,a ldìhqfr®grhg

fmg%,a gexlsh
ldìhqfr®grh
fydaia bka,Ü áhqí

fmg%,a jdIamh oaù;Sl gexlsh

fmg%,a fâ%ka ma,.a

fmg%,a ,hska iafÜ%kr®
fimfr®gr®ia *qfj,a f.a–
*qfj,a tñIka ,hska
fmg%,a mïma fmg%,a ˙gka ,hska fmg%,a gexlsfha ksr®udKh
r:fha bkaOk m˙fNdackh wkqj ls'ógr yhishhl
pdflda,a leksiagr® muK ≥rlg wjYH fmg%,a m%udKh mqrjd.; yels Od˙;djlska
hq;=j fmg%,a gexlsh ksr®udKh lrkq ,efí' ;o ;=kS f,dayfhka fuh
ldìhqfr®grhl fmg%,a iemhqï moaO;sh ksr®udKhj we;s whqre
ksujd we;=,; u, fkdn†k wdf,amhla maf,aÜ lr ;sfnhs' fuh
ldìhqfr®gr fmg%,a iemhqï moaO;sh wOHhkh i|yd
r:fha miqmiska iú lrkq ,nkafka fmd<jg yels;dla my;ajk
fuys ksoiqkg f.k we;af;a ldìhqfr®gr iys; uola kùk jQ
f,igh' ta r:fha .=re;aj flakaøh yels;dla my<g f.k r:h
r:hls' ;jo fuh fgdfhdagd jr®.fha r:hls' gexlsfha isg

ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk

 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
md,kh myiq lrùughs' Odjkfha° bkaOk le,e;a;Su wju ls¯ug
fuh fimfr®gr® lsysmhlska hq;=j ksmojkq ,efí' gexlsh m;=f,a
;ekam;a úh yels c,h iy fjk;a wmøjH weo .ekSu je<elaùug
bka,Ü áhqí lg gexlsh m;=f,a isg fi'ó' 3 la muK Wiska
iúlrkq ,efí' túg ta Wig úYd, fmg%,a m%udKhla gexlsh m;=f,a
f,ahrhla f,iska weo .ekSug fkdyelsj b;s˙jk ksid gexlsfha
fldgila muKla my;g fkrd isák f,i ilid th ;=,g bka,Ü
áhqí lg iú lrkq ,efí' tu lgg iafÜkrhla fhdod we;af;a
fmg%,a uQ,sl f,i fmrd .ekqugh'
■ fmg%,a k, udr®. (Fuel line)
fmg%,a fydaia ^rnr®&
fmg%,a gexlsh
ldìhqfr®grh
fmg%,a k,
r:hl fmg%,a k, udr®. iúj we;s whqre
ldìhqfr®gr iys; r:hl jqjo bkaOk moaO;sfha ie,iqu
wkqj miqmi gexlsfha isg fmg%,a k, 2la fyda 3 la ldìhqfr®grh
olajd iïnkaO úh yelsh' me/◊ r:hl kï fï i|yd we;af;a
tla k,hla mu◊' fuys olajd we;s fgdfhdagd r:fha fï i|yd k,
3 la fhdod we;' bka folla ldìhqfr®grhg fmg%,a imhk
fmdïmhg iy tys isg wdmiq gexlshg ˙gka fmg%,a f.khdugh'
b;s˙ k,h fuys fhdod we;af;a gexlsfha we;s fjk fmg%,a jdIamh
tka‚ka ldurfha iúj we;s pdflda,a leksiagrh olajd f.khdugh'
fmg%,a jdIamh (HC) wjg jd;hg ksl=;aj is≥úh yels m˙ir
¥IKh je<elaùug tu jdIamh fuf,i leksiagrhg Wrd .ekSug;a
miqj th tka‚fï is,skavr ;=,gu ,nd° ojd,Sug;a ie,iqï lr
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
;sfí' fuu k, r:fha hg ;Ügqjg há me;af;ka tfy;a
wdrCIdld¯ f,i iúlr ;sfí' fuys° .,aleg úisù je°fuka
is≥úh yels ydks je<elaùug fuu k, jgd wdrCIl wdjrKhla
fndfydaúg fhdod ;sfnhs' tka‚fuka we;sfjk .eiau ksid k, fi,ù
leãhdu fyda tajdfha fidlÜ nqre,aùu je<elaùug rnr® nqIa u.ska
fïjd fndähg iú lrkq ,efnhs'
■ fmg%,a *s,agrh (Fuel Filter )
ldìhqfr®grhg imhk fmg%,a b;d fyd¢ka fmryka úh
hq;=h' tfia fkdjqkfyd;a tu fmg%,a j, wvx.= wmøjH j,ska
ldìhqfr®grh ;=, jQ ishqï kd,sld isrúh yelsh' tjf.au tu
wmøjH ldìhqfr®grh yryd is,skavr ;=,g .uka l,fyd;a tho
tka‚ug ydksodhl fjhs' fï ksid iEu ldìhqfr®gr moaO;shlgu
fmg%,a *s,agrhla fhdokq ,efnhs' th iú jkafka fmg%,a gexlsh
iy fmdïmh w;r jQ k, udr®.fha jk w;r ta yryd
ldìhqfr®grhg fmg%,a weo .ekSu is≥fjhs' tys° fuh ;=, jQ fmamr®
t<sukaÜ tl u.ska fmg%,a j, wvx.= l=vd wmøjH wxY= ish,a,
r|jd f.k ms˙is≥ fmg%,a muKla ldìhqfr®grhg imhkq ,efnhs'
gexlsfha isg
fmg%,a
fmg%,a
fmdïmhg
fmamr® t<sukaÜ
fmg%,a *s,agrh
fuu *s,agrh u.ska fmg%,a j, wvx.= c,h we;akï tho
r|jd .kq ,efnhs' fmamr® t<sukaÜ tl ksid fuh ;=,ska w†k fmg%,a
Odrdfõ fõ.h wvq ls¯ula is≥jk w;r tys° c,h fmg%,a j,g
jvd >k;ajfhka jeä neúka ta ish,a, *s,agrh há fldgfia
;ekam;a lr .efkhs' túg fuu *s,agrh udrel, hq;=fjhs' we;eï
a rj, fuu ;;ajh úksúo fmfkk wdjrKh ;=,k
*s,g s a ±l.;yels
w;r túg .,jd ms˙is≥ ls¯u;a t<sukaÜ tl udre ls¯u;a l,
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
yelsh' tfy;a igyfka olajd we;s *s,agrh iïmQr®Kfhkau
udrel, hq;= jQ tlls'
■ fmg%,a fmdïmh (Fuel Pump )
fudagr® r:hl fmg%,a gexlsh msysgkafka ldìhqfr®grhg
jvd my,ska neúka gexlsfha isg ldìhqfr®grh i|yd fmg%,a .uka
lrùug wksjdr®hfhkau fmg%,a fmdïmhla fhdod .; hq;=fjhs'
uhskr® jeks me/◊ fudagr® r: fndfyduhl fuu fmdïmh
ú≥,sfhka ls%hdl, kuq;a kùk r: ieulu fuh hdka;S%l f,i
tka‚fukau ls%hdlrkq ,nhs' my; olajd we;af;a tu hdka;S%l
fmdïmhls'
wjqÜ,Ü jE,aõ
bka,Ü jE,aõ
vh*%ï
mïma ,Sjr® wdr®ï
^frdlr® ®wdr®ï&
fmg%,a fmdïmhl ksr®udKh
fuys olajd we;s fmg%,a fmdïmh hdka;S%l f,i tka‚fï
lEï Id*aÜ tlg iïnkaO lEï f,daí tlla u.ska ls%hd;aul jkakls'
wo ldìhqfr®gr iys; fudagr® r: fndfyduhl fhdod .kq ,nkafka
fuu l%uhhs' lEï f,daí tl u.ska mïma ,Sjr® wdr®ï tl by< my<
f.k hdfï° vh*%ï tlo by< my< hdfuka bka,Ü jE,ajh yryd
gexlsfhka fmg%,a weo .ekSu;a wjqÜ ,Ü jE,ajh yryd weo.;a
tu fmg%,a ldìhqfr®grhg fhduq ls¯u;a is≥fjhs' tfy;a ldìhqfr®grh
u.ska tka‚ug ,nd°ug wjYH jkafka fuh u.ska imhk fmg%,a
Odrdfjka b;d iqΩ m%udKhla neúka ldìhqfr®gr fÉïnrh ms¯hdu;a
iuÛ fuu fmdïmho wlS%h jk f,ig;a fÉïnr fmg%,a uÜgu
wvqjk úg kej;;a th ls%hdlr msrùu;a fuys° is≥fjhs' tu
ls%hdld˙;ajh is≥jk whqre ó<Ûg wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ hdka;S%l fmg%,a fmdïmhl ksr®udKh
wjqÜ,Ü fpla
bka , Ü fpla
jE,ajh
jE,aõ
l=vd is≥r
*s,agrh isg
˙gka k,h
ldìhqfr®grhg
m%dÖrh
iams%ka
jd; is≥r
Ths,a iS,a
lEï f,daí
frdlr® ®wdr®ï
fmg%,a fmdïmhl uQ,sl ls%hdld˙;ajh
fuys olajd we;af;a hdka;S%l f,i ls%hdlrk fmdïmhl
we;=,; jE,aõ ksr®udKh iy tys ls%hdld˙;ajhhs' fuu fmdïmfha
mïma ,Sjr® wdr®ï tl tka‚fï lEï Id*aÜ tfla úflakaøSh f,daí
tllg iamr®Yj mj;sk fyhska tka‚u ls%hdlrk úg frdlr® wdr®ï
tl b†˙hg iy miqmig .uka lrhs' ,Sjrh miqmig ;,a¨jk
úg m%dÖrh ≥kako yl=Ωjdf.k my;aùfuka m%dÖrhg by<ska we;s
fÉïnrh ;=, m˙udj jeäù we;sjk mSvk wvqùu ksid gexlsfha
isg fmg%,a bka,Ü fpla jE,ajh yryd weo .ekqu is≥fõ' ,Sjr®
wdr®ï tl ksoyiajk úg ≥kak u.ska m%dÖrh tiùfuka weo.;a
fmg%,a mSvkh ù bka,Ü fpla jE,ajh jeiS wjqÜ,Ü fpla jE,ajh
újD; fõ' túg ta yryd fmg%,a ldìhqfr®grhg fhduqfõ'
by; wdldrhg fmg%,a mSvkh ù ldìhqfr®grfha
fÉïnrh msreKq miq fmdïmfha by< fÉïnr mSvkho jeäfjhs'
túg m%dÖrh my;aù tu mSvkh r|d mj;ajd.kS' tys m%;sM,h
m%dÖrh my;aù fmdïmh wlS%h ùfuka mSvkh md,kh ùu;a
fmdïmfha lS%hdld¯ ld,h wju ùu ksid th fndfyda ld,hla
Ndú;dl, yels ùu;ah'
fuu fmdïmfha by<ska fjku k,hla fmg%,a gexlshg
fmg%,a wdmiq yrjd heùug fhdod ;snqk;a iEu hdka;S%l fmdïmhlu
fuh ±lsh yels fkdfõ' fuh fhdod ;sîu ksid fmdïmh fmg%,a
mSvkh lr wlS%hj mj;sk ld,h wju jk w;r ta fya;=fjka
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

fmg%,a jeäfõ,djla r|d fkdisg ixirKh ùulg ,lafõ' fï ksid
fmg%,a isis,ajk w;r th ldìhqfr®grfha ñkqu fkdfjkiaj ;nd
.ekqug Wmld¯fõ' ukao fmg%,a WIaK;ajh fjkiajk úg tys
>k;ajho fjkiajk neúks' ±ka wms rEm igyka weiq˙ka fuys
ls%hdld˙;ajh mshjfrka mshjr wOHhkh lruq'
■ fmdïmh ;=,g fmg%,a weo .ekqu
fuys olajd we;af;a
bka,Ü fpla jE,aõ
gexlsfha isg fmdïmh ;=,g
fmg%,a weo.kakd wdldrhhs'
fuys° lEï f,daí tl
u.ska frdlr® wdr®ï tl
b†˙hg ;,a¨ lrk w;r
tu.ska mïma mq,a frdâ tl
lEï f,daí tys ≥kako yl=Ωjd .ksñka
m%dÖrh my<g weo.kshs'
mq,a frdâ frdlr® ®wdr®ï túg fÉïnrhg by<ska
fmdïmh ;=,g fmg%,a weo .ekqu m˙udj jeäù tys mSvkh
wvqùfuka bka,Ü fpla jE,ajh újD; lr f.k fmg%,a fÉïnrhg
msrfõ'
■ fmg%,a ldìhqfr®grhg msgùu
fuu igyk u.ska
wjqÜ,Ü fpla jE,aõ
olajd we;af;a fmdïmh
isg ldìhqfr®grhg fmg%,a
gexlshg
msgjk wdldrhhs' lEï
ldìhqfr®grhg f,da í tl ;j≥rg;a
lerlSfï° tys ´j,a yevh
ksid b†˙hg .sh frdlr®
wdr®ï tl miqmig .uka
lrhs' fuys mq,a frdâ tlg
mq,a frdâ frdlr® wdr®ï tl iúj
frdlr® ®wdr®ï we;af;a frdlr® wdr®ï tfla
ldìhqfr®grhg fmg%,a fhduq ls¯u we;s is≥rg mq,a frdâ tl
we;=,a ls¯fuks' tkï ta fol ia:sr f,i iúj ke;' fï wkqj fuu
igyk whqre frdlr® wdr®ï tl tiùfï° mq,a frdâ tlo tifjk
kuq;a tfia jkafka mq,a frdâ tl iuÛ we;s iams%ka tl †. ye¯fuks'
fuf,i iams%ka tl u.ska m%dÖrh tiùfï° mïma fÉïnrhg msrjqkq
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
fmg%,a mSvkh ùfuka bka,Ü fpla jE,ajh jeiS hk w;r wjqÜ,Ü
fpla jE,ajh újD; ù mSvkh jqkq fmg%,a ldìhqfr®grhg ksoyia
fjhs' ta iuÛu tu fÉïnrhg iïnkaO l=vd is≥rla ( ) iys;
k,h u.skao iqΩ fmg%,a m%udKhla ldka≥ùula f,iska gexlshg
˙gka fmg%,a f,iska msgj hhs' tys wjYH;djh ó<Û igyfkka
úia;r flfrkq we;'
■ mïma whsâ,ska ls%hdld˙;ajh
bka,Ü fpla jE,aõ
wjqÜ,Ü fpla jE,aõ
mq,a frdâ frdlr® ®wdr®ï
fmdïmh wlS%h jk whqre
ldìhqfr®gr fÉïnrh fmg%,a j,ska ms¯hdu;a iuÛ
fmdïmh wlS%h jk whqre fuys olajd we;' fÉïnrfha fmg%,a ms¯
mSvkh ùu;a iuÛ wjqÜ,Ü fpla jE,ajh újD;ùu wmyiq jk
kuq;a bka,Ü fpla jE,ajh ;j ≥rg;a ls%hdlr m%dÖrh u;=msg
fmg%,a ms¯ f.dia tys mSvkh jeäfõ' tu mSvkh hgf;a iams%ka tl
yl=Ωjd .ksñka m%dÖrh my<g .uka lrhs' fï wkqj igyk whqre
mq,a frdâ tl iy frdlr® wdr®ï tl w;r jdish we;sfjhs' fufia
jkafka mq,a frdâ tl iy frdlr® wdr®ï tl ia:srj iïnkaOj
fkdue;s neúks' ta wkqj frdlr® wdr®ï tl mq,a frdâ tflka ksoyiaj
igyk whqre ksoyfia ls%hdlrñka mj;S' ldìhqfr®gr fÉïnrfha
fmg%,a wvqùu;a iuÛ mq,a frdâ tl m%dÖrh iuÛ fiñka by<
meñK jdish bj;aùfuka kej;;a fmdïmh ls%hd;aulj wvq fmg%,a
msrùfuka miq fmr m˙†u wlS%h fjhs' fuu ls%hdld˙;ajh hgf;a
fmdïmh ls%hdlrk ld,h b;d wvqù hhs' tu.ska fuys l,ameje;auo
b;d jeäfjhs'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
■ fmg%,a ˙gka ,hska
wjqÜ,Ü fpla jE,aõ
gexlshg
ldìhqfr®grhg
(A) (B)
fmg%,a ˙gka ,hska tlla tl;= ls¯u
by; A igyfkka olajd we;s whqre fmg%,a fmdïm
fÉïnrfha isg l=vd is≥rla yryd fmg%,a wdmiq gexlshg msgùug
fhdod we;s kùlrKh fmr fudagr® r:j, fhdod fkd.ekqkq w;r
miq ld,fha° iEu r:hlgu fuu l%uh fhdod .ekqks' fuu.ska
fiajdjka lsysmhlau we;sfjhs' bka tla fiajdjla jkafka fuhg fmr
mejiqj m˙† fmdïmh wlS%hj ;nk ld,h wvqlr kej; kej;;a
fmdïmh ls%hdlrjd fmdïmh ;=, fmg%,a wΩ;a ls¯uhs' tfia
fkdjqkfyd;a tka‚ka nf|a we;s ;dmfhka fuu fmdïmho WKqiqï
jk neúka fuh ;=, we;s fmg%,a m%idrKh ùfuka mSvkh jeäù
B igyfkka olajd we;s whqre jeiS ;sfnk ldìhqfr®gr fÉïnr
*af,dagr® jE,ajh újD; lr ;j≥rg;a fmg%,a we;=,a ù tys fmg%,a
uÜgu jeälr tka‚ka ls%hdld˙;ajh wlS%h ls¯u is≥úh yelsh'
;jo fufia fmg%,a m%idrKh ùu ;=, ñY%K wkqmd;h fjkia
fkdjqk;a tys wvx.= fmg%,a wKq m%udKh wvqùu oyk ls%hdj,shg
ndOdjla fjhs'
by; wdldrhg l=vd is≥rlska fmg%,a ksoyiaùu ;=,ska
fmdïmh ;=, mSvk w.ho ksh;j ;nd .ekqug yelsfjhs'
idudkHfhka yhsfv%d,sla ls%hdld˙;aj ;=, mSvkh ksh;j ;nd .ekqu
is≥ jkafka tla milska ødjkh we;=,a lrk w;r wfkla miska l=vd
is≥rla yryd th ksoyia ùug bv ie,iaùfuks' fuys°o ta
wdldrhgu fmdïmh ;=, mSvkh ksh;j ;nd .efkk w;r tu.ska
fmdïmh iy ldìhqfr®gr *af,daÜ jE,ajh w;r mSvkh ndr® 0'1
isg 0'2 w;r mSvkhla mj;ajd .efka' tu mSvkh hgf;a fmg%,a
*af,daÜ jE,ajh yryd fmg%,a ldka≥ fkdjk w;ru *af,daÜ
fÉïnrfha fmg%,a uÜgu iEu ;;ajhla hgf;au ksh;j mj;shs'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ ldìhqfr®gr *af,dagr® moaO;sh
thdr® la,Skrh
fmg%,a
kSâ,a jE,aõ
*af,dagrh
fïka fcÜ
fÉïnrh
m˙m:h
whsâ, fõ.
m˙m:h
f;%dg,a jE,ajh
fïka fcÜ m˙m: ie,iqu
fuu igyk u.ska ldìhqfr®grhl fïka fcÜ m˙m:hg
iy whsâ, fõ. m˙m:hg fÉïnrh isg fmg%,a iïnkaO jk
udr®.h muKla olajd we;' fuys° ldìhqfr®gr fÉïnrfha fmg%,a
uÜgu u; tka‚u ls%hd fkdlrk wjia:dj, whsâ, iy fïka fcÜ
m˙m: yryd fmg%,a ldka≥ùu is≥ fkdjk whqre meye†<sj olajd
we;' fuu uÜgu by< .sh fyd;a ta yryd fmg%,a ldka≥úh yels
neúka fuu fmg%,a uÜgu ksh;j ;nd .ekqu b;d jeo.;a fjhs'
;jo tka‚u ls%hdlrk úg jqjo fuu uÜgu wvq jqjfyd;a fmg%,a
,nd°u wvqù ñY%Kh nd,ùu;a" uÜgu jeä jQ úg fmg%,a ,nd°u
jeä ù ñY%Kh ireùu;a jeks fodaIo we;súh yelsh' ta wkqj fuys
*af,dagr® moaO;sh u.ska fuu fmg%,a uÜgu ksh;j ;nd .ekqu b;d
ksj/†j is≥úh hq;= w;r ta i|yd fuu moaO;sh ksr®udKh lr
we;s whqre ó<Ûg wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
fÉïnrh ;=, kshñ; uÜgug fmg%,a msrùu;a iuÛ
tifjk *af,dagrh u.ska kSâ,a jE,ajh ;o lr .ekqfuka
fÉïnrhg fmg%,a we;=,ajk u. jid ;nkq ,efnhs' tfy;a
fmdïmh u.ska fuys° jeä mSvkhla we;s l<fyd;a fuu kSâ,a
jE,aõ iSÜ tl yryd fmg%,a ldka≥ù fÉïnrfha fmg%,a uÜgu
jeäúh yels w;r th j<lajk whqre fmg%,a fmdïmh ksr®udKh
lr we;s wdldrh fmr f√ofhka úia;r úh' fuu *af,dagrfha
iy ksâ,a jE,ajfha ksr®udKh ó<Ûg wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
■ *af,dagr® jE,ajfha ksr®udKh
ldìhq f r® g r *a f ,da Ü
fmg%,a we;=Ωùu fÉïnrh ;=, fmg%,a uÜgu
kS â ,a jE,a j h md,kh jk wdldrh fuys olajd
jeiS we;'
we;' fuu A igyk whqre
fÉïnrh ;=, fmg%,a ms¯u;a
iu. tifjk *af,dagrh u.ska
*af,dagrh kSâ,a jE,ajh tiùfuka fmg%,a
jeiSu is≥fjhs' ta w;r ñY%Khg
fmg%,a weo .ekSu;a iu. fmg%,a
uÜgu wvqjk w;r túg my<
hk *af,dagrh B igyk whqre
(A)
kSâ,a jE,ajh újD; ls¯fuka
kS â ,a jE,a j h fmg%,a we;=Ωùu is≥fjhs'
újD;j we;'
fuu fmg%,a uÜgu ksh;j
;nd .ekSu b;d jeo.;ajk
whqre fuhg fmr úia;r úh'
tfy;a ldìhqfr®grhla ;=, fuu
*af,dagrh uÜgu fjkiaùu m¯CId ls¯u
wmyiq fohls' ukao fuu uÜgu
msg;g fkdfmfkk w;r th
m¯CId ls¯ug ldìhqfr®grh
(B) újD;l, úgo *a f ,da g rh
bj;ajk ksid tu uÜgu fjkia
jk neúks' fï ksid we;eï
ksIm
a dolhska úiska ldìhqfr®grh
újD; lr *af,dagrh bj;a jQ
miq ;sìh hq;= ksj/† uÜgu
i|yd i,l=Kq ,nd° ;sfnhs'
(C) ksj/† fmg%,a uÜgu
th wmyiq ksid fndfyda
ldìhqfr®gr j, C igyk whqre
*af,dagrh u.ska fmg%,a uÜgu
ksh;j ;nd .kakd whqre iy th msg;ska m¯CId ls¯ug ù≥re
uÜgu m¯CId lrk whqre ljqΩjla we;=,;alr ;sfnhs'
igyk whqre tu uÜgu tys uOHhg ;sìh hq;=fjhs' *af,dagrfha
iSreudrej u; th fjkiaj we;akï th ksj/† lrk wdldrh
my; olajd we;s w;r kSâ,a jE,ajfha ldka≥jlska uÜgu by< hhs
kï f.ù.sh fldgia udrelr th ilid .; hq;= fjhs'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ *af,dagrhl ksr®udKh fuys jïmiska olajd
we;af;a *af,dagrhls' fuh
*af,dagrh wdldr lsysmhlg ksr®udKh
lr ;sìh yel' me/◊ r:j,
fuh ms;;a f,ka ksujd we;=,;
hï jd; m˙udjla isr lr
;snqks' miqj ta wdldrhgu
th ma,diaála j,ska ksmojqks'
*af,dagr® ,sma
tjf.au ;j;a r:j, fuh
*af,dagrfha ksr®udKh >k;ajh wvq fldala jeks
fohlska ;ks l=Üáhla f,igo
fhdod .ekqks' igyfka olajd we;s *af,dagr® ,sma tl w~qjlska weo
ls¯fuka fÉïnrh ;=, fmg%,a uÜgu wvq fyda jeä l, yelsh'
■ *af,dagr® kSâ,a jE,aõ
fmryka oe,
fmg%,a
jE,aõ iSÜ
kSâ,a jE,ajh
ma,kacr® iams%ka
ma,kacrh
*af,dagrh
*af,dagr® ,sma
kSâ,a jE,ajfha ksr®udKh
by; igyfkkaa olajd we;af;a kSâ,a jE,ajh iy jE,aõ
iSÜ tl ksr®udKh lr we;s wdldrhhs' jE,aõ iSÜ tl by<ska lïì
±,la fmrykla f,iska (Strainer) iúlr we;s w;r th u.ska
fmg%,a ;j ≥rg;a fmryka lr fÉïnrhg we;=,a lrkq ,nhs'
*af,dagr® ,sma tl we, ls¯fuka fmg%,a uÜgu iSreudre l, yels
wdldrh fuu igyk ;=,ska ;j ≥rg;a jgyd.; yelsh'
fuys kSâ,a jE,ajh ;ks fldgila fkdjk w;r th ;=,
ma,kacrhla ;ekam;a lr ma,kacrfha isg iams%ka tlla yryd kSâ,a
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

jE,ajh ls%hd ls¯ug i,iajd we;' kSâ,a jE,ajh ;ks fldgila f,i ■ *af,dagr® fÉïnrh r:fha b†˙ mig yerùug fya;=
ksr®udKh l, fyd;a r:h .eiafik úg fuu kSâ,a jE,ajho idudkHfhka ldìhqfr®grhla ie,iqï lrkq ,nkafka
fi,ùfuka ta yryd fmg%,a ldka¥ù fmg%,a uÜgu by< hdu;a *af,dagr® fÉïnrh r:h b†˙ mig isák f,igh' th miqmig
fmg%,a *a,â ùu;a is≥úh yelsh' tfy;a igyk whqre kSâ,a jE,ajh isák f,i .; fyd;a we;sjk fodaI my; igyfkka olajd we;'
folg fnod iams%ka tlla fhdod ;sîfuka .eiaiSï j,° ma,kacrh r:fha b†˙h
by< my< .uka l,o ksâ,a jE,ajh iSÜ tlg fyd|ska isrù
mj;shs' l,la Ndú;fha° kSâ,a jE,aõ fÜmr® yevfha;a" iSÜ tfla;a
lÜghla tkï fiÜ tlla we;súh yels w;r bkamiq fmg%,a ldka≥ù
*a,â ùu is≥úh yel' fuh je<elaùug fndfyda kSâ,a jE,aõ j,
fÜmr® yev fldgi rnr® ñY%Khlska ;kd ;sfnhs'
(A) l∫ k.sk úg (B) m,a,ula nisk úg

■ *af,dagr® fÉïnrfha ksr®udKh fÉïnrh miqmiska iúl, úg we;sfjk wjdis

ldìhqfr®grhl fmg%,a fÉïmrh miqmig isák f,i
wm is;d isákafka .;fyd;a r:h lkaola ke.Sfï° by; A igyk whqre fïka fcÜ
fjkaáf,aIka áhqí ldìhqfr®gr fjkapQ˙ ˙la;h tl we;s me;af;a fmg%,a uÜgu wvq ùfuka ñY%Kh nd, fjhs' tfy;a
u.ska fïka fcÜ tl yryd fuys° tka‚ug fhfok jeä f,daâ tl hgf;a ñY%Kh ireúh hq;=
fmg%,a weo .kakd njls' kuq;a ta fjkqjg fuf,i ñY%Kh nd, ùu Odjkhg fodaI f.k
tfy;a we;a;jYfhkau tys° fokq ,nhs' tfukau fuys° B igyk whqre r:h m,a,ula neiSfï†
is≥ jkafka fÉïnrh ;=, frdao u.ska tka‚u lrljkq ,nk ksid tys° tka‚ug fmg%,a wjYH
fmg%,a u;=msg ls%hdlrk fkdfjhs' tfy;a tys° fïka fcÜ me;af;a fmg%,a uÜgu by< hdu
jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh u.ska ;=,ska tka‚ug ire ñY%Khla ,eî fmg%,a *a,âùuo is≥úh yelsh'
tys fmg%,a fïka fcÜ udr®.h r:fha b†˙h
yryd wvq mSvkhla we;s
*af,daÜ fÉïnrhg fjkaáf,aIka fjka p Q ˙ h fj; f;rmd
k,h iïnkaO jk whqre ye¯uls' fï i|yd *af,dagr®
fÉïnrh wjg jdhqf.da,hg újD;úh hq;= w;r fuu igyk
whqre fjkaáf,aIka áhqí tl u.ska fjkapQ˙hg by<ska tkï thdr®
la,Skrhg miq thg jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh ,nd° ;sfí' (B) m,a,ula nisk úg
(A) l∫ k.sk úg
fjkaáf,aIka áhqí tl iDcqju wjg jd;hg iïnkaO
fkdlr by; igyk whqre thdr® la,Skrhg miqj iïnkaO fÉïnrh b†˙fhkaa iúl, úg we;sfjk jdis
fuys olajd we;af;a r:hl b†˙ mig isák f,i *af,daÜ
ls¯fuka b;d ksj/†j fmg%,a ñkSu is≥fjhs' ukao thdr® la,Skrh
fÉïnr iúl, úg we;sfjk ;;ajhhs' tys° A igyk whqre r:h
u.ska we;slrk ndOdj hgf;a fjkapQ˙ ˙la;ho fjkiaúh yels
lkaola ke.Sfï° fïka fcÜ tl we;s me;af;a fmg%,a uÜgu jeäù
kuq;a thg idfmaCI f,i fmg%,a fÉïnrfhao mSvkh fjkiaùu
ñY%Kh ire flfrhs' ta wkqj jeäjk tka‚ka f,daâ tl hgf;a
is≥jk neúks' ;jo fuu udr®.h msg;g iïnkaO l,fyd;a tu.ska
tka‚u Wm¯u n,h ,nd fohs' tfukau B igyk whqre r:h
fmg%,a jdIamh wjg jd;hg ksoyiaù m˙irh úIùu is≥úh yelsh'
m,a,ula neiSfï† fïka fcÜ tl we;s me;af;a fmg%,a uÜgu
tfy;a fuu ksr®udKh hgf;a tu jdIamho tka‚fï is,skavr ;=,g
wvqùfuka bkaOk kdia;sh wvqfõ' ukao tys° tka‚ug fmg%,a wjYH
we;=,aù oeù hdfuka m˙irh úkdYùuo je<elaù hhs'
fkdjk neúks'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04     fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

■ *af,dagr® folla fh°u

kSâ,a jE,aõ

04 jk m˙Éf√oh
*af,dagr® *af,dagr®

fmg%,a
ldìhqfr®gr
*af,dagr® folla iys; ldìhqfr®grh whsâ, fõ. m˙m:h
fuu igyk whqre we;eï ldìhqfr®gr j, ;ks
fÉïnrhg *af,dagr folla fhdok wjia:do ±lsh yel' tka‚ul whsâ, fõ.h hkqfjka woyia lrkafka
úfYaIfhkau fmg%,a tka‚ka fhdod .;a ´*a frdaâ jdyk j, fuh welai,fr®grh uqod ye˙ miq tka‚fï mj;sk fõ.hhs' fuh
oelsh yel' r:fha .eiaiSï we,ùï iy CIKsl ;ajrK hgf;a idudkHfhka ú'jg 700 isg 800 olajd muK jq fõ.hla úh hq;=h'
fÉïnr fmg%,a uÜgu ksh;j ;nd .ekqu fuf,i *af,dagr folla Odjkfha° r:fha fõ.h wvq ls¯u i|yd welai,fr®grfhka mh
fhdo .ekqfuka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' we;eï ldìhqfr®gr i|yd bj;a l, úg tka‚u k;r fkdù tys° mj;sk tka‚ka Ndrh
fujeks *af,daÜ fÉïnr folla fhdok wjia:do ±lsh yel' f.khdug iq≥iqu fõ.h f,i fuh ie,fla' ;jo tf,i tka‚u
mk.kajd ksoyiaj mj;sk úg bkaOk jehùu wju lr .ekqug
fukau uekqj,a .shr iys; r:hl kï .shr udre ls¯ug fuu
wvq fõ.h mej;sh hq;=h'
ldíhqfr®grhlg
fjkap˙
Q h iys; fïka fcÜ
thdr® fcÜ m˙m:hla ;sìh°;a whsâ,
fõ. m˙m:hla fjku
fïka fcÜ
iú ls¯ug fya;=j muKla
m˙m:h kej;;a fuys olajd we;'
tkï tka ‚ ka whs â ,
whsâ, fõ. fõ.fha° fjkap˙ Q h yryd
m˙m:h
.,k jd; Odrdj wvqùu;a
iuÛ tys ˙la;ho ke;sj
hdu ksid fïka fcÜ
m˙m:fhka fmg%,a weo
.ekqu k;r ù we;'
f;%dg,a fodr tfy;a fuys° bka,Ü
welai,fr®gr® mev,h ueksf*da,avh ;=, ;o
whsâ, fõ. m˙m: ie,iqu ˙la;hla we;s w;r wjYH
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04     fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

fmg%,a weo .ekqug tu ˙la;h fuys Ndú;d lr we;' ■ ldìhqfr®gr® whsâ, fmdar®Ü ksr®udKh
fuys olajd we;af;a o, ie,iqula neúka fuu whsâ, fõ.
m˙m:hg fhdod .kakd thdr® fcÜ wd†h we;=,;a lr ke;' wm
fuu m˙m:h ksr®udKd;aul f,iska wjfndaO lr.;a kuq;a Ndú;fha iaf,da fmdar®Ü
we;s moaO;sj, th jvd;a ixlSr®K lr we;' thg fya;=j fuu
m˙m:h fh°fï° we;s jQ fodaI /ilg ,nd≥ka ms<shï ksidfjks'
tu wx. iïmQr®K m˙m:hla my;ska olajd we;s w;r tu.ska fuu
fodaI iy tajdg fh¥ ms<shï fjka fjkaj f.k wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
fuu igyfkka olajd whsâ, fmdar®Ü
jd;h (A) (B)
whsâ, thdr® fcÜ
we;a f ;a Ndú;fha we;s
ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ. ldìhqfr®gr whsâ, fmdar®Ü folla fhdod we;s whqre
whsâ, fcÜ
m˙m:h ksr®udKh lr we;s ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ.h i|yd fmg%,a ,ndfok
wdldrhhs' fuys whsâ, újr tkï fmdar®Ü fol msysgd we;s wdldrh;a th ls%hd lrk
fõ.h i|yd ,ndfok fmg%,a wdldrh;a fuys olajd we;' fuu A igyk whqre whsâ,
ñkSsugo fjku fcÜ tlla m˙m:fhka újr folla yryd tka‚ug fmg%,a ,nd°u is≥fjhs'
fhdod we;s w;r tu fcÜ welai,fr®gr mev,h ksoyia l, miq tkï whsâ, wjia:dfõ°
is≥rg miqj thdr® fcÜ fuu újr tlla f;%dg,a jE,ajhg my<skao wfkla újrh f;%dg,a
whsâ, tllao iúlr we;' thdr®
ialDD jE,ajhg by<skao msysghs' fuf,i bka,Ü ueksf*da,avhg újD;
fcÜ tl iú ls¯fuka n,d újrh whsâ, fmdar®Ü ( ) hkqfjkao thg by<ska msysá
whsâ, fõ. m˙m:h fmdfrd;a;= jkafka bka,Ü újrh iaf,da fmdar®Ü ( ) hkqfjkao ye¢kafjhs'
ueksf*da,aâ jeä ˙la;fha° fmg%,a jeä jYfhka weo .ekSu md,kh
tka‚ka whsâ, wjia:dfõ° A igyk whqre bka,Ü
lr ñY%Kh jvd;a ireùu je<elaùuhs'
ueksf*da,avhg újD;j we;s my< újrfhka tka‚ug fmg%,a weo
whsâ, fõ.h i|yd imhk fmg%,a k, udr®.h fÉïnrfhka
.ekqu is≥fjhs' fuys újr folla fh°ug tla fya;=jla by; B
by<g f.k kej; my<g f.k we;af;a tfia fkdjqk fyd;a tka‚u
igyfkka fmkajd ;sfnhs' tkï f;%dg,a jE,ajh hdï;ñka újD;jk
k;rl, wjia:dj, ta yryd fÉïnrfha fmg%,a .,dhdu is≥úh
úg tka‚ug weo.kakd jd; m%udKh jeäjk w;ru bka,Ü
yels neúks' ;jo thg thdr® fcÜ tlla iú l, yelafla fuf,i
ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h wvqù my< bka,Ü újrfhka weo .kakd fmg%,a
fuu k, udr®.h fmg%,a uÜgfuka by<g .; fyd;a mu◊' fuf,i
m%udKh wvqù hhs' tfy;a fuys° tka‚ug weo.kakd jd; m%udKh
thdr® fcÜ tlla fh°ug fya;=j ñY%Kh jvd;a ireùu je<elaùu
jeäù we;s fyhska tys° is≥úh hq;af;a ,ndfok fmg%,a m%udKh
jqjo tu.ska fmg%,a l=vd wxY= j,g lvd .ekquo is≥fjhs'
jeä ls¯uhs' ta wkqj B igyk whqre újr folu bka,Ü
by; wdldrhg fuu moaO;sfha o< ie,iqfuka fldgila
ueksf*da,avhg újD; ùfuka ,ndfok fmg%,a m%udKh jeä flfrhs'
myiqfjka wjfndaO lr.; yels jqj;a fuys fmg%,a ú†k fkdi,h
by;ska úia;r lrk ,oafoa ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ.
f;%dg,a jE,ajh wi, iúlr we;s wdldrh ms<sn|j ixlSr®K .egΩ
m˙m:hg fmg%,a ,nd°ug fmdar®Ü folla fh°ug fya;=j f,i
lsysmhlau we;sfjhs' ukao ta i|yd újr folla fhdod f.k we;s
fndfyda fmd;a m;aj, i|ykajk lreKls' iEu mdGud,djlu fuh
w;r bka tlla f;%dg,a fodrg my<ska iy wfkl by<ska iúlr
b.ekafjkafka;a fï wdldrhguh' tfy;a ;r®ldKql+, f,i is;d
;sîuhs' fuys újr msysgd we;s wdldrh ;=,ska wmg fuys we;sfjk
ne,Sfï° fuu újr fol fh°u ms<sn|j .egΩ lsysmhla u;=fõ'
fodaI /ila iy fuu ie,iqfuka tajd u. ye¯ we;s wdldrh;a
tajd ksrdlrKh lr .ekqug uq,skau wms bka,Ü ueksf*da,avhl
wjfndaO lr.; yelsh'
˙la;h we;sfjk wdldrh fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk