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fudagr® r: fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u muKla jqjo tf;la fhdod .;a ldìhqfr®gr
ms<sn|j oekqu ldr®ñlhska yg ;j;a jir .Kkdjla hk;=re tl
f,i wjYH jkq we;' thg fya;=j oekg Ndú;fha we;s ldìhqfr®gr
iys; r: ;j ≥rg;a jir .Kkdjla Ndú;fha mj;sk neúks' ta
ldìhqfr®gr flfia fj;;a ldìhqfr®gr ms<sn|j wOHhkh ldr®ñlhska yg
yeuodu;a wjYH jkq we;' thg fya;=j ishΩu bkafclaIka l%u
ksr®udKhj we;af;a ldìhqfr®gr l%uh ;=, .eíj ;snQ fodaI j,g fh¥
fudagr® r: ±kqu-04 ms<shï ksidfjka neúka tu wOHhkh fkd,nd fmg%,a bkafclaIka
wOHhkh idr®:lj l< fkdyels neúks'
by; wvqmdvqj msrùu i|ydu fuu lD;sh ìys lrk
,oafoa wog jvd b†˙h .ek is;d ne,Sfuks' ta wkqj fuu lD;sh
úfYaIfhkau iïmdokh lr we;af;a ldìhqfr®gr fiajdjka j,g
jvd ldìhqfr®gr lsh
% dld˙;ajhka iy tu uQ, Or®u wjfndaO lr°ugh'
fï hgf;a f,dj ìysjQ ir,u ldìhqfr®grfha isg th kùk fudagr®
r: ;=,ska bj;a jkf;la fhdod.;a ixlSr®K;u ldìhqfr®gr l%uh
olajd ishΩu ldìhqfr®gr ksr®udK fuhg we;=,;aj ;sfnhs'
f,dj m˙irfõ†ka úiska ldìhqfr®gr r: i|yd ;yxÑ
we;s ls¯u;a iuÛ ksIamdolhska úiska ldìhqfr®grh ;j ≥rg;a /l
.ekqug ,eïvd md,k moaO;s we;=,;a bf,lafg%dksla md,k
ldìhqfr®gro /ila ìyslrk ,°' tys ixlSr®K;u ldìhqfr®gr
l%uh jQ tfldfg%dksla olajd ishΩ ksr®udKo b;d ir, f,iska fuys
b†˙m;a lr ;sfnhs' ta w;ru oekg Ndú;fha we;s ishΩ fmg%,a
bkafclaIka l%u we;=,;a wmf.a ó<Û lD;sh wOHhkhgo fuu
lD;sh u.ska ,ndfok ldìhqfr®gr uQ, Or®u b;d jeo.;a fjhs'
Carburetor with Electronic Idler control m%ldYl
fuu fjí wvúfha ldìhqfr®gr hgf;a b†˙m;a lr we;s ishΩu fjí msgqj, wvx.= ishΩ lreKq fuu
ldìhqfr®gr .%ka:fhka Wmqgd .kakd ,°' fuu ldìhqfr®gr l%shdld˙;ajhka jgyd .ekqu myiq jkafka jr®K mska;+r
igyka u.ska jk w;r oekg ;djld,slj bka fldgila muKla jr®Kfhka b†˙m;a lr we;' b†˙fha° fuu ishΩ
igyka jr®Kfhka hq;=j Tn fj; b†˙m;a flfrkq we;'
01 jk m˙Éf√oh
ldìhqfr®gr
fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚ka i|yd fhdod .;a uq,au ir, ■ isjq myfr® ;ks is,skavr tka‚u
ldìhqfr®grh wOHhkh i|ydo wmg myiq u.la fhdod .;
yelsh' tkï Ndú;fha we;s ldìhqfr®grhl lsis∫ wdNdIhla
fkd,nd wm úiskau fmg%,a tka‚ulg ldìhqfr®grhla ie<iqï
ls¯ug W;aidy .ekquhs' ta wkqj ir, ldìhqfr®grhla ie,iqï lr
tys wvqmdvq i|yd ms<shï fhdod .;a úg wmgo ldìhqfr®grhla msgdr
ksr®udKh lr.; yelsjkq we;' tjf.au th Ndú;fha we;s jE,ajh bka,Ü
ldìhqfr®grhlgo fnfyúka iudk jkq we;' fuh Tng wΩ;a jE,ajh
w;aoelSula jqj;a fuu ksr®udKd;aul wOHhkh ;=,ska w;s ixlSr®K
moaO;s mjd myiqfjka jgyd.; yelsh' ta wkqj fuu uq,a
msiagkh
m˙Éf√ofhka wms ir, ldìhqfr®grhla ksru ® dKh lr th
Ndú;fha we;s ldìhqfr®grhlg fldf;la ≥rg iómoehs fidhd
n,uq' tfy;a ta i|yd tka‚fï hdka;S%l ls%hdld˙;ajh oek isáh
hq;= w;r ta ms<sn|j uq,skau idudkH wjfndaOhla ,nd isáuq'
l%Ekala
fomyr (T o l|
S roke) iy isõ myr (4
s roke) hkqfjka tka‚kaa isjq myr tka‚ul ksr®udKh
m%Odk jYfhka fldgia
tka‚ul uQ,sl ls%hdld˙;ajh fmkajd °u i|yd fuu
follg fjkal, yels
igyfkka olajd we;af;a b;d ir, f,i ksujqkq isjq myr (4
kuq;a wo fudagr® r:
s roke) ;ks is,skavr tka‚ul yria lvls' fuys bkaOk oykfhka
i|yd iïmQ r ® K fhka u
we;s lrk mSvk n,fhka msiagkh my<g ;,a¨ flfrk w;r
mdfya Ndú;d jkafka isõ
tf,i tl t,af,a my<g we;sfjk n,h jD;a;dldr N%uK
myfr® tka‚ka mu◊' tjeks
p,khlg yerùu oÛr l| fyj;a l%Ekala Id*aÜ tl u.ska
isjq myr tka‚ula fuu
is≥fjhs' fï wkqj fuu ksr®udKh foi fyd¢ka neÆ úg wmg
igyfka olajd we;' fï
fmkShk fohla kï oÛr l| lerlSfï° msiagkh by< my< hk
wkq j fuys ° wmf.a
njhs' fï ksidu fuu tka‚ka Reciproca ing pis on Engines
wOHhkh i|yd
kñkao ye¢kafõ'
ldìhqfr®grhla ie,iqï
ls¯ug jvd;a iq≥iq jkafka tka‚ul is,skavrh ;=, fuu msiagkh my< isg by<g
isjq myr is,skavr 4 tka‚ula
fuu isjqmyr tka‚ula fyda by< isg my<g .uka lrk tla jdrhla myrla (S roke)
fhdod .ekquhs' ;jo nyq is,skavr tka‚ka iE° we;af;a fuu ;ks kñka ye|skafjhs' tys° wmg tka‚u lrljd .ekqug m%fhdackj;a
is,skavr tka‚kau tlg tl;=lr ta i|yd fmd≥ oÛr l|la fhdod jkafka bkaOk oykfhka msgfjk Yla;sfhka msiagkh by< isg
.ekSfuka neúka fuys° b;d ir,j wmf.a wOHhkh lr .ekqug my<g .uka .kakd tla jdrhla jk w;r n, myr (Po er
uq,skau f;dard.; hq;af;ao isjqmyfr®u ;ks is,skavr tka‚uls' ta s roke) hkqfjka tu myr ye¢kafjhs' fuu ksr®udKh wkqj tla
wkqj uq,skau wms tjka tka‚ula weiq˙ka isjq myr tka‚ul n, myrla ,efnkqfha ;j;a myr ;=klg miqj neúka fuu tka‚u
ls%hdld˙;ajh wjfndaO lrf.k bkamiq thg ldìhqfr®grhla isõ myfr® tka‚ula f,i ye¢kafjhs' fuu isõ myr pl%h jvd;a
ie,iqï ls¯ug W;aidy .ksuq' meye†<ss igyklska wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
fudagr® r: oekqu-04
fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
■ isjq myr ls%hdld˙;ajh kej;;a by<g tafuks' bkamiq kej;;a pQIK myfrka ó<Û pl%h
fmr igyfkka ir, f,i jgyd.;a isõ myr tka‚ul fmr f,iu kej; kej;;a ls%hd ls¯fuka tka‚u tl †.gu
ls%hdld˙;ajh my; igyka fm< u.ska fjka fjka jYfhka f.k lerlùu is≥fjhs'
by; úia;r flreKq
myiqfjka jgyd .; yelsh' is,skavr ;=,g fmg%,a ñY%s; jd;h
lEï Id*aÜ is j q myr pl%fha° tla n,
we;=Ω ls¯ug bka,Ü jE,ajh fyj;a pQIK jE,ajh kñkao is,skavr
myrla ,nd .ekqug msiagkh
;=, ±jqkq jd;h bj;a ls¯ug msgdr jE,ajh kñka jE,ajhlao fuu
;=ka jrla by< iy my< hd
tka‚ug we;=,;ah' fïjd tka‚fï oÛr l| u.ska 2:1 wkqmd;fhka
jE,aõ hq;= w;r ta i|yd wjYH
lrljkq ,nk leñ oKav (camshaft) u.ska wjYH ms<sfj,g
n,h ,nd .kafkao n, myfrka
we¯u iy jeiSu is≥ fjhs'
,efnk Yla;sfhks' ta i|yd
oÛr l| iu. *a,hsù,hla
bka,Ü jE,ajh msgdr jE,ajh lrljkq ,nk w;r th u.ska
n, myfr®° ,nd .kakd
ghsñka
Yla;sfhka b;s˙ myr ;=k
fmg%,a fn,aÜ
jd; i|yd tka‚u jg tl yudrla
ñY%Kh ;j ≥rg;a lrljkq ,efnhs'
4 jk msgfq õ 01-02 igyfkka
oÛr l| fuu *a , hs ù ,h;a jE,a õ
ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd ghsñka
tka‚ul jE,aõ ls%hdlrk whqre fÉka tlla u.ska ;j;a leñhla
pQIK myr iïmSvk n, myr msgdr myr lrljk wdldrh;a olajd ;sfnhs' th jvd;a myiqfjka jgyd
(D) .ekqug kùk r:hl fuu ls%hdld˙;ajh is≥jk wdldrh fuys
(A) (B) (C)
olajd we;' fuu igyk u.ska oÛr l| u.ska leñh 2:1
tka‚ul isjqmyr ls%hdj,sh wkqmd;hg lerlfjk wdldrh fukau wjYH;djh wkqj jE,aõ
fuu A igyfkka olajd we;s whqre tka‚ul uq,a myr wefrk jefyk wdldrho myiqfjka jgyd.; yelsh'
f,i pQIK (Intake stroke) myr ye¢kaúh yels w;r tys° is≥ isjq myr ;ks is,ks va r
jkafka my;g tk msiagkh u.ska újD;j we;s jQIK jE,ajh fmg%,a tka‚ul lsh % dld˙;ajh
yryd fmg%,a ñY%s; jd;h is,skavrh ;=,g weo .ekSuhs' fuys jgyd.;a miq nyq is,skavr
fojk myr iïmSvk (Compression stroke) kñka ye¢kafjk tka‚ul ksr®udKh jgyd
w;r tys° jE,aú folu jeiS by< tk msiagkh u.ska isr lr.;a .ekq u t;rï wmyiq
ñY%Kh iïmSvkh lrkq ,efnhs' tu iïmSvk myr wjidkfha fkdfjhs' fuu igyfka olajd
iamdr®la ma,.a tl u.ska we;s lrk mq<sÛ=fjka ñY%Kh oefjk w;r we;af;a is,skavr 4 tka‚ula
tys° msgfjk wêl ;dmfhka oykfha° we;s jQ jdhQka ish,a, jk w;r tys° lr we;af;a
m%idrKh lr msiagkh ;†ka my<g ;,a¨ lrhs' th y∫kajkq ;ks is,ks v
a r y;fr®u msig a ka
,nkafka n, myr (Power stroke) kñks' wjidkfha msgdr ;ks oÛr l|lg iïnkaO
(Exhaust stroke) myr u.ska oejqkq jd;h újD; jqkq msgdr nyq is,skavr tka‚ula ksr®udKh ls¯uhs' jE,aõ lsh
% dld˙;ajho
jE,aõ is≥r yryd ihs,kairhg f;rmd y˙kq ,efnhs' ta msiagkh jk whqre tf,i ;ks lEï Id*aÜ tllg
fmg%,a
jd;h
■ fjkapQ˙hl ˙la;h we;sjk whqre
fmg%,a jd;h
fjkap˙
Q h
(A)
fmg%,a fcÜ
C
A B
fjkapQ˙hl ˙la;h we;sfjk wdldrh i|yd ksoiqkla
fjkapQ˙ ˙la;h we;sfjk wdldrh ir, ksoiqkla u.skao
b;d fyd¢ka jgyd.; yelsh' ta i|yd fuu fjkapQ˙ fldgi
ñksiqka .uka lrk hï udr®.hl mgq jQ ia:dkhla f,i wr .ksuq'
fuys jd;h ±laùug olajd we;s tla fr®Ldjla ñksiqka 10
fofkl=hhs is;kak' túg igyk whqre jï miska ñksiqka ye;a;E
fofkl= ^fuys we;af;a fr®Ld 7 ls& we;=Ωjk w;r ol=Kq miskao
tu .Kku msg;g meñfKhs' tfy;a fuu ñksiqka udr®.h ;=,
tlu fõ.fhka weúo f.k ths kï C fldgfia we;s udr®. ndOlh
f;%dg,a jE,ajh u.ska tka‚ka fõ.h md,kh ls¯u
ksid ol=Kq miska ñksiqka 70 la tljr msg;g tkafka ke;' tfia
±ka wms y∫kd.;a fuu fjkapQ˙ uQ, Or®uh hgf;a wm
taug kï C tkï mgq fldgfia° muKla fï ñksiqka weúo f.k
ksr®udKh l, by; ldìhqfr®grfha we;s jQ fodaIh wjfndaO lr
fkdj †jf.k wd hq;=h' tjf.au tu iSudj miq jQ miq kej;;a
.ekqug W;aidy .ksuq' tkï fuu igyk whqre k,h ;=,ska .,d
†ùu k;r lr fmr m˙† weúo wd hq;=h' ±ka wms kej;;a fuh
hkafka l=vd jd; Odrdjla kï thg fjkapQ˙h ;=,skao ndOdjlska
fjkapQ˙hla f,ig .;a úg fï wdldrhgu jd;h tlu m%udKhla
f;drj .,dhd yels ksid tys° .,k fõ.fha jeäùula we;s
we;=Ωù tu m%udKhu tljr msgùug kï fuu fjkapQ˙ fldgi
fkdfjhs' ta wkqj mSvk wvqùula tkï ˙la;hlao we;s fkdfjhs'
;=,° tu jd;fha .uka fõ.h jeä úh hq;=h' fuf,i jd; Odrdfõ
wmf.a ldìhqfr®gr ksr®udKfha° wvq tka‚ka fõ.fha° tka‚u k;r
fõ.h jeä jQ úg tkï th m%fõ.hlg ,la jQ úg ta ;=, we;s
jQfha fuf,i fjkapQ˙ ˙la;h ≥r®j, ùu ksid fmg%,a weo .ekSug
mSvkho wvqùu is≥úh hq;=h' tkï ˙la;h we;súh hq;=h'
wmyiq jQ neúks'
by; ksoiqk ;=,skau fjkapQ˙ ˙la;hl yeis¯u ms<sn|j fjkapQ˙ k,hla yryd .,k jd; Odrdj jeäjk úg thg
ldìhqfr®gr l%uh wOHhkhg jeo.;a jQ hula ;j≥rg;a jgyd.; fjkapQ˙fhka we;slrk ndOdjo b;d jeäfjhs' th uev.ekqug tys
yels fjhs' tkï by; ksoiqfkau ñksiqka 70 laa fjkqjg jï miska .,k fõ.ho iS.%fhka jeäù fjkapQ˙h ;=, mSvkho b;d wvqfjhs'
we;=ΩjQfha ñksiqka oifofkl= hhs is;kak' túg ta oifokd ol=Kq fuf,i we;sjk fnfyúka jeä jQ ˙la;h ksid fmg%,a jeä jYfhka
fl<j˙ka tljr msg;g taug kï C ^fjkapQ˙h& iSudfõ° †úh weo .ekqfuka wmf.a ldìhqfr®gr ksr®udKfha tka‚ka jeä
hq;=o@ ke;' thg fya;=j Tjqka weúo wd fõ.fhkau wmyiqjlska fõ.fha° ñY%Kh b;d irej tka‚u k;rùu mjd is≥jqk's ±ka fuu
f;drj ±ka tu mgq fldgi ;=,skao hd yels neúks' ta wkqj jd;h fodaI fol fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr.;a ksid tajdg ms<shï fh°ug
jqjo fuu fjkapQ˙h yryd .,d hkafka wvq Odrdjla kï th W;aidy .ksuq' fuys° tka‚ka by< fõ.fha° ñY%Kh jvd;a ireùu
fjkapQ˙h ;=,° m%fõ.hlg ,la fkdjk w;r ta fya;=fjka fjkapQ˙ je<elaùug uq,skau ms<shï fhdouq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04
fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
■ by< tka‚ka fõ.fha° ñY%Kh jvd;a tys° we;sjk wêl ˙la;h hgf;a fmg%,a md,kh wmyiqùu jeks
ireùu je<elaùu fodaI we;sfjhs' fï wkqj tka‚ka wvq fõ.h i|yd fjkapQ˙ l%uh
fuys A igyfkka
fldfy;au fhdod .; fkdyels w;r tys° fjkapQ˙h iïmQrK ® fhkau
olajd we;af;a tka‚ka by<
thdr® í,Svrh jd;h wu;l lr fjk;a udr®.hla fidhd.; hq;=fjhs'
fõ.fha° ñY%Kh b;d ireùu
fjkapQ˙ l%uh u.ska uOH iy by< fõ. j,g wjYH
je<elaaùug fh†h yels tla
fmg%,a ,nd≥kako tys° we;a;jYfhkau is≥jQfha wm úiska
ms<shuls' ta i|yd lr we;af;a
fjkapQ˙hla fhdod lD;Su f,i we;sl, ˙la;hla fhdod fmg%,a weo
fmg%,a fmg%,a fÉïnrfha isg fjkap˙
Q h
(A) .ekSuls' fjkapQ˙ l%ufhka fkdyels jqj;a fjk;a wdldrhlg fyda
olajd we;s udr®.h w;r u.g
fuf,i ˙la;hla we;s lr .ekSug yels kï wmg ta yryd whsâ,
thdr® fcÜ
;j;a wu;r fcÜ tlla tkï
fõ.hg wjYH fmg%,a ñY%Kh ilialr †h yelsh' fuu wvq
í,Svrhla jd;h weo .ekSug
fõ.fha° tkï whsâ, fõ.fha° fjkapQ˙fha m%udKj;a ˙la;hla
yels f,i fh°uhs' ±ka fjkap˙Q
we;s fkdjqko tys° bka,Ü ueksf*da,avfha tkï f;%dg,a jE,ajhg
˙la;h u.ska fmg%,a weo
my<ska b;d wvq mSvkhla tkï m%n, ˙la;hla we;sj we;s nj wms
.ekSfï° fmg%,a j,g wu;rj
oksuq' thg fya;=j tka‚u ls%hdls¯fï°u f;%dg,a jE,ajh jid
hï jd; m%udKhlao fuh
bka,Ü ueksf*da,avhg we;=Ωjk jd;h iSudlr ;sîuhs' wmg tu
fïka fcÜ yryd weo .efkhs' tfukau
˙la;h fmg%,a ñY%Kh ieliSug Ndú;d l, yelsh' ta weiq˙ka ilia
fuys fjkapQ˙ ˙la;h jeäjk
l, yels whsâ, fõ. m˙m:hla my; igykg we;=,;a lr we;'
(B) úg fmg%,a j,g jvd jd;h
th fldf;la ≥rg idr®:l±hs fidhd n,uq'
weo .ekSu is≥fjhs' fï wkqj
˙la;h jeäùfuka ñY%Kh ire whsâ, m˙m:h
fïka fcÜ m˙m:hg thdr® whsâ, thdr® fcÜ
fcÜ tlla iúa ls¯u ùu je<efla'
fuys B igyfkka olajd we;af;a wmf.a ldìhqfr®gr
ksr®udKfha by< fõ.fha° ñY%Kh b;d ireùu je<elaùug fmr
igyfka i|yka thdr® í,Svr® l%uh fhdod we;s whqrehs' ta i|yd
fmg%,a fïka fcÜ tlg miq thdr® fcÜ tlla fhdod we;' fuf,i
thdr® fcÜ tlla fh°fuka tka‚ka by< fõ.fha° ñY%Kh b;d
ireùu j<lsk w;ru jd;h yd ñY%ùfuka fmg%,a ñY%Kho l=vd
wxY= j,g ì£ oykh myiq lrjhs' fmg%,a
whsâ, fcÜ
■ wvq fõ.fha° ñY%Kh jvd;a nd, ùu i|yd ñlair® fldkafg%d,
a a
ms<shï fh°u
fjkapQ˙hla ;=, .,dhk jd; Odrdj jeäjk úg tys whsâ, fõ.h i|yd m˙m:hla ksr®udKh l<yels
whqre
we;sjk ˙la;ho iS.%fhka by< hkjdfiau ta yryd .,k jd; f;%dg,a jE,ajh jeiQ miq whsâ, fõ.hg wjYH fmg%,a
Odrdj wvqjk úg we;sjk ˙la;ho iS.%fhka wvq ù hk whqre wms ,nd°ug fuu whsâ, m˙m:h ksr®udKh lr we;af;a tys° bka,Ü
ksoiqka u.ska wjfndaO lr .;suq' fï wkqj tka‚ka wvq fõ.fha° ueksf*da,avfha we;sfjk m%n, ˙la;h Wmldrhg .ekSfuks' tkï
.,dhk wvq jd; Odrdj hgf;a fjkapQ˙ l%uh u.ska ˙la;hla we;s fuys° m%Odk fÉïnrfha isg fcÜ tlg fmr fyda miqj fjku fcÜ
ls¯ug kï fjkapQ˙h b;d l=vd l, hq;= w;r tys° tka‚ka jeä tlla iys; fmg%,a ud._hla f.k th f;%dg,a jE,ajh jeiqkq miq
fõ.fha° tka‚ug wjYH jd; m%udKh ,nd °ug fkdyels ùu iy thg my<ska bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;hg újD; jk f,i ilid
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
fudagr® r: oekqu-04
fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
;sfnhs' túg f;%dg,a jE,ajh jeiSu;a iu.u tkï whsâ, olajd we;af;a tka‚fï whsâ, wjia:dj jk w;r tys° tka‚ug
fõ.fha° we;sjk ˙la;h u.ska ta yryd fmg%,a weo .ekSu is≥fjhs' weo .kakd wvq jd; Odrdj u.ska fjkapQ˙ ˙la;h wju ùfuka fïka
fuys°o fmg%,a weo .ekSu jeäùu je<elaùug;a th b;d ishqï fcÜ m˙m:h yryd fmg%,a weo .ekSula is≥fkdfõ' tfy;a fuh
wxY= f,i jd;h yd ñY% ls¯ug;a fjku thdr® fcÜ tlla iúlr whsâ, wjia:dj neúka tys° ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h jeä ksid
;sfnhs' thg wu;rj ñY%K wkqmd;h iSreudre ls¯ug wu;r ueksf*da,avhg újD; whsâ, m˙m:fhka fmg%,a weo .ekSu is≥fõ'
ial=remamq weKhla iúlr we;s w;r th ñlair® fldkafg%da,a weKh by; wdldrhg whsâ, fõ.fha mj;sk tka‚ul f;%dg,a fodr jeä
f,i igyfka olajd ;sfnhs' fõ.h i|yd újD; ls¯u;a iuÛ whsâ, m˙m:h wlS%h ù fïka
by; olajd we;s whsâ, m˙m:hgo thdr® fcÜ tlla fcÜ m˙m:h ls%hd;aul úh hq;=h' th iajhxlS%h f,i is≥jk whqre
wksjdr®hfhkau iúúh hq;=h' thg fya;=j r:h ´jr®rka jkúg ó<Ûg fidhd n,uq'
tkï m,a,ul Odjkh ls¯u jeks wjia:djl frdao u.ska tka‚u by; B igyk whqre f;%dg,a fodr újD; jQ úg
fõ.fhka lrljk úg bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h whsâ, fõ.fha° ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h wvqjk w;r tys° uq,skau whsâ, m˙m:h
;snQ ˙la;hg jvd b;d ;†ka by< hk neúka ta hgf;a úYd, k;rfõ' ta iu.u fjkapQ˙h yryd .,k jd; Odrdj jeä fyhska
fmg%,a m%udKhla kslrefka tka‚ug we° hd yels neúks' thg fjkapQ˙ ˙la;h jeäù fïka fcÜ m˙m:fhka fmg%,a weo .ekqu
ms<shula f,i igyk whqre whsâ, thdr® fcÜ tlla fh°h yels is≥fõ' fï wdldrhg f;%dg,a fodr újD; lrk úg whsâ,
w;r tu.ska is≥ jkafka fuhg fmr wm wOHhkh l, wdldrhg m˙m:fhka fïka fcÜ m˙m:hg;a" f;%dg,a fodr jik úg fïka
˙la;h jeäjk úg fmg%,a j,g jvd jd;h weo .ekSfuka ñY%Kh fcÜ m˙m:fhka whsâ, m˙m:hg;a udreùu iajhxlS%h f,i is≥fõ'
nd, ls¯uhs' flfia kuq≥ fuys° tla fodaIhla we;súh yelsh' tkï whsâ,
■ whsâ, iy m%Odk m˙m: fÉka– ´jr® ùu fõ.fha isg tljr welai,fr®grh ;olrk úg fuu fÉka– ´jr®
ùu mudù tka‚ka ls%hdld˙;ajh ≥j_, ùu fyda fndfydaúg tka‚u
jd;h whsâ,a m˙m:h k;r ùug we;s yelshdjhs' ta i|ydo ms<shula fuu ldìhqfr®gr
moaO;shg tl;= lruq'
■ CI◊l ;ajrKh i|yd fmg%,a ,nd°u
wm woyila f,i ksr®udKh l, ldìhqfr®grhg fï jk
úg whsâ, fõ. iy jeä fõ.h i|yd fndfyda ≥rg idr®:l jQ
fïka fcÜ m˙m: folla tlaj we;' thska tka‚fï whsâ, wjia:dfõ°
(A) m˙m:h ueksf*da,avfha we;s ;o ˙la;h u.ska tka‚ug fmg%,a weo .ekSu
(B) is≥jkafka whsâ, fõ. m˙m:fhks' fuys° fïka fcÜ m˙m:h
f;%dg,a jE,ajh A. whsâ, fõ.h
B. jeä fõ.h iïmQr®Kfhkau wlS%hj we;af;a weo.kakd jd; m%udKh wvq ksid
whsâ, $fïka fcÜ m˙m: fÉka– ´jr® ùu fjkapQ˙ ˙la;h we;s fkdjk neúks' fï w;r fuu whsâ, fõ.
ldìhqfr®grhl m%Odk fcÜ m˙m:h iy whsâ, fcÜ wjia:dfõ° bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ l=yr m˙udjo iïmQr®Kfhkau
m˙m:h ksr®udKh l, miq lsis úfgl;a fuu m˙m: fol tljr ˙la; gexlshla njg m;aj ;sfnhs' ta wkqj fuu ˙la;h msrùug
ls%hd;aul fkdúh hq;=h' ukao tfia jqjfyd;a ñY%Kh b;d irej welai,fr®grh ;o lrk úg újD; jQ f;%dg,a jE,ajh yryd
tka‚ka ls%hdld˙;ajh wlS%h lrjk neúks' tfy;a tu ;;ajh lsis uq,skau úYd, jd; Odrdjla tljr we;=Ω fjhs' fuf,i úYd, jd;
úfgl;a we;s fkdjk w;r fuu moaO;s udreùu ke;akï fÉka– m%udKhla tljr we;=Ωùu;a iu. thg i˙,k fmg%,a m%udKho
´jr® ùu iajhxlS%h f,iu is≥fjhs' th jgyd °ug fuys olajd iemhsh hq;=h' tfy;a is≥ jkafka wkslls' tkï fuf,i jd;h
we;af;a fmr igyfkkau fldgils' fuys A igyfkka fjkalr we;=Ωùu;a iu. ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h wfydais ùfuka whsâ, fõ.
fmg%,a iemhquo iïmQr®Kfhkau k;rùuhs' ta wkqj fuys° we;=ΩjQ fmg%,a mSvkh ls¯fï° kej; fmg%,a wdmiq fÉïnrhg .,dhdu
úYd, jd; Odrdjg fmg%,a tlaùu is≥úh hq;af;a fjkapQ˙ ˙la;h je<elaùugh' by<ska jka fõ jE,ajhla fhdod we;af;a th fkdue;s
u.ska fïka fcÜ tl yrydh' tfy;a f;%dg,a fodr tljr mE.Su;a kï fmdïmfha pQIK myfr®° by<ska jd;h we° ˙la;h we;sùu
iuÛ CI◊lj we;=,ajk fuu jeä jd; Odrdj u.ska fuu fjkapQ¯ is≥ fkdjk neúks'
˙la;h we;s ls¯ug;a tu ˙la;h u.ska fïka fcÜ tl yryd fmg%,a Ndú;fha we;s ldìhqfr®grhla wdNdIhg fkdf.k
weo .ekqug;a hï ld,hla .;jk w;r fuu ld,h ;=, tka‚ug wmf.au woyia u; oeka wms ldìhqfr®grhla ksmojd we;af;uq'
.,d.sh úYd, jd; Odrdjg whsâ, fõ. m˙m:fhka fyda fïka fcÜ fudagr® r: ksIamdolhska úiska ldìhqfr®grh ksr®udKh ls¯fï°o
m˙m:fhka fmg%,a fkd,eîu ksid ñY%Kh iïmQr®Kfhkau nd, ù fuu wvqmdvq fï f,iu Tjqkgo we;sjkakg we;' tys° tajdg Tjqka
tka‚u k;rùu mjd is≥úh yelsh' fuhgo hï ms<shula fh†h úiska fhdok ,o ms<shï iy kùlrK fudkjdo hkak wjfndaO
hq;= w;r my; ±lafjkafka ta i|yd fhdod .; yels ksr®udKhls' lr .ekqug Ndú;fha we;s ldìhqfr®grhl ksr®udKh Tjqkaf.a
igyka lsysmhla ;=,ska fidhd n,uq'
fuys olaj
a d we;af;a fudagr®
jkafõ jE,ajh -1 *af,dagrh r:j, fhfok ldìhqfr®grhl
o, igykla jk w;r fjkapQ˙
fjkap˙
Q h lsh
% dld˙;ajh hgf;a fmg%,a jd;
ñY%Kh ilid.; yels f,i
mïma th ksr®udKh lr we;' ñY%K
wkqmd;h ilid .ekqug fuyso
óg˙ka fcÜ tlla yryd fmg%,a
jkafõ jE,ajh - 2 ,nd° we;' fÉïnrfha fmg%,a
óg˙ka fcÜ uÜgu ksh;j ;nd .ekqug
*a f ,da g rhla tkï bms , s
moaO;shla fuyso fhdod we;'
fïka fcÜ m˙m:h
CI◊l ;ajrK moaO;shla ksr®udKh l<yels whqre
welai,fr®grh tljr mE.Sfï° ñY%Kh nd, ù tka‚u fjkapQ˙ ls%hdld˙;ajh
k;rùu je<elaùug fh†h yelss ms<shula fuys oelafõ' ta i|yd hgf;a fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh
welai,fr®grh ;olrk wjia:dfõ° muKla w;sfr®l fmdïmhla thdr® fcÜ ilik úg tka‚ka wvq fõ.fha°
fhdod fudfyd;lg iqΩ fmg%,a m%udKhla fjkapQ˙h wi,g ú°ug ñY%Kh b;d nd, jk nj;a
fuys i<iajd we;' ta wkqj welai,fr®grh tljr mE.Sfï° tka‚ka by< fõ.fha° ñY%Kh
tka‚ug .,dhk úYd, jd; m%udKhg wjYH fmg%,a m%udKho wjYHjdg jvd b;d ire jk
läkñka ,nd°u fuu.ska is≥fjhs' fï i|yd jkafõ jE,aõ folla nj;a wms wOHhkh lf,uq'
fh†h hq;= w;r msiagkh miq mig .uka ls¯fï° th u.ska fmr igyfka ta i|yd ms<shï
we;sfjk ˙la;h ksid by< jkafõ jE,ajh jeiS my< jE,ajh fhdod fkd;snqkq w;r fuu
újD;j fmg%,a weo .ekqu is≥fjhs' welai,fr®grh tljr óg˙ka fcÜ igyfkka tys by< fõ.fha°
mE.Sfï° fuf,i mqrjd .;a fmg%,a mSvkh ù my< jkafõ jE,ajh ñY%Kh b;d ireùu je<elaùug
jeiS hk w;r by< jE,ajh újD;j tu fmg%,a fjkapQ˙hg ú°u fïka fcÜ m˙m:h i|yd thdr® muKla ms<shï fhdod we;' ta
fcÜ tlla fh°u i|yd lr we;af;a wmf.a
is≥fõ' fuhg my<ska jkafõ jE,ajhla fhdod we;af;a weo.;a
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
fudagr® r: oekqu-04
fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
fhduq fjuq'
vh*%ï mïma
fyd|sku
fnda,a jE,aõ-2
fmg%,a
fnda,a jE,aõ-1
kSâ,a jE,aõ
welai,fr®gr ,Sjrh
welai,fr®gr mïma
ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ. m˙m:h ksr®udKhj we;s whqre
fuys olajd we;af;a fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®grhl CI◊l
;ajrK (S dden accelera ion) moaO;shhs' fï i|yd vh*%ï
kSâ,a jE,aõ
fmdïmhla fhdod f.k we;s w;r welai,fr®grh ;o lrk iEu
wjia:djlu tys vh*%ï tl tkï m%dÖrh welai,fr®grhg
fïka fcÜ
*af,dagrh
iïnkaO ,Sjrhla yryd yelsf,k w;r welai,fr®grh ksoyia
lrk úg fmdïmh ;=, we;s ≥kak u.ska yelsΩkq m%dÖrho kej;
ñlair® áhqí
f;%dg,a jE,aõ
jkafõ jE,aõ folla fhdod fuu ls%hdld˙;ajh ,nd°ug is≥jQ whqre
fpdala mshk
Tng u;l we;' fuu welai,fr®gr fmdïmh wdldr lsysmhlgu
ksr®udKh jk w;r ta ms<sn|j b†˙fha° úia;r flfrkq we;'