Geology Designer

Geological model from scratch

Trainings 2017

Rock Flow Dynamics

 Geology Designer 2

Objective of this course:

 Obtain a complete overview of the main functions of Geology
and Model Designer modules by building a complete model
and runing calculations from data you will import.

 This is a course about general functions of Designer modules,

for more details about structural and petrophysical modeling
see How To Model Faults, How to Use Petrophysical
Modeling and How To Use Correlation.
 For more details about seismic options, see How To Use
Seismic Interpretation course.
 To learn more about how to start from rescue files, see the
HowToLoadRescueAndCreateModel.
Please note that for this training, Geology Designer, Model
Designer and Simulation licenses are required.
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 Geology Designer 3

• Static, Dynamic, Uncertainty Analysis and Assisted history

Matching in common interface
• Use job queue to run simulation on cluster
• Easy update of initial geological data and production data

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 Create geological model from scratch 4

Well correlation
Analyze wells on Well Section, add
Initial markers Simulation
geological
Create horizons model
data: Variograms, Interpolation (Kriging,
IDW, SGS, Least Squares) Connected to
Well trajectories
Horizons Create Grid Static
Well Logs Create grid by horizons, well tops, Model
Faults points sets, Faults
in one window
(faults – tutorial 9.2)

Create properties
Facies analysis, Porosity,
permeability, ntg, …
Property calculator
Add dynamic data
RP, PVT/EOS, lifting tables,
Schedule

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 Part 1: Create geological model 5

1. Part 1 - Geological model

• Load Well data (trajectories), Markers, Horizons, Logs (.las files)
• Interpolate Horizon using IDW (use Trend)
• Create Grid
• Facies Analysis
• Interpolate Properties (NTG, PORO) via Log Data
• Use Calculator to edit Properties

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 New Project 6

1. tNavigator main window. Designer. New project

2. Enter Project name. Save
3. Project will be created (.snp file)

New project window

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 Start: Create model 7

1. Red objects are necessary to initialize to create a new model (model grid, porosity,
permeabilities, etc.)
2. Grey objects are not necessary, and will be defined by default or calculated automatically

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 Load Wells 8
1. Press Show list of calculations for the selected object on the left panel. Wells. Import. Well
Trajectories
2. Wells Path/Deviation Text Format
3. Input data type MD X Y Z
4. Press Add Rows. Directory – DEMO_Geology/Well Trajectories (DEMO_geology folder contains the
files with well trajectories). Select all files *.dev
5. Press Apply

Show list of calculations for

the selected object

Press to add files

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 Load Wells – All formats 9
1. Wells. Import. Wells Trajectories. You can load wells in different formats: Irap RMS Format,
Well Path/Deviation Text Format, LAS Format, GWTD Format
2. Well Path/Deviation Text Format allows to load any format of trajectories you have. Define:
Delimiter, Comment, Number of Skip Lines
3. See the preview and define column names

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 Well trajectories visualization 10

1. Hold left mouse button to rotate the image. Hold right mouse button to move the image. Do
left+right click to default view
2. Press Show visualization settings
3. Wells. Edit Well names depth (via slider) if it is necessary

Show visualization
settings

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 Load Markers 11

1. Press Show list of calculations for the selected object. Markers. Import. Text format
2. File name – DEMO_Geology/Markers/markers.txt
3. Delimiter – all spaces. Skip Lines – 1. Press Apply
4. Select markers names for visualization

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 Save your project 12

1. Save project
2. Save your project periodically to prevent data loss!

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 Load Horizon 13

1. Horizons. Import. CPS format

2. File – DEMO_geology/Horizon CPS/trend
3. Name of Horizon - trend. Press Apply. Check a horizon’s name for visualization
4. On the visualization panel: right - clicking on the horizon. Choose Adjust size

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 Horizon 3D visualization
1. Move and rotate 3D view of trend horizon (hold left or right mouse button and move the
mouse)
2. On the left panel Advanced Settings. Choose Horizons. trend
3. Click Show Palette
4. Select level of Distribution Sensitivity by moving a slider

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 Palette modes. Edit and Save a palette 15

1. Palette Settings: Logarithmic and Discrete (set discretization Degree)

2. Having pressed Palette Editor several color marks appear on trend palette. To add a mark
right-click on a trend palette
3. The palette can be modified by moving the color marks. Use Undo/Redo. The modified
palette can be saved by pressing Add to Palette Sets

Move color Marks

Discrete palette Press to save the palette

Edit palette

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 Palette options
1. Select Default 5-Color Palette
2. Change Opacity by moving a slider

Opacity

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 Pull Horizon 17

1. Horizon can be edited locally

2. Press Show Pull Config. Choose Horizon
3. Click Pull, set Radius
4. Holding mouse right button on horizon pull it up or down
5. Use Undo/Redo buttons if necessary

Show Pull Config

Edited horizon

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 Load Logs (.las-files) 18

1. Calculations. Logs. Import. LAS Format

2. Press Add Rows. – Select all files in the DEMO_Geology/LAS. Press Apply

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 LOGS on 3D 19
1. 3D view
2. Check a LOG name (Poro on the picture). See the LOG as a Cylinder on a well trajectory
3. Advanced Settings. Check Show Palette
4. See the LOG palette and distribution of values
5. Press Statistics&Information on the right panel and select Well Log Statistics

Statistics&
Information

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 Wells Selection – correlation profile 20

1. Go to 2D view
2. Press Wells Selection
3. Click on wells for adding them in a list – Well_Selector
4. This option is useful for working with Well Section and Logs (see next slide)
5. Pressing “+” (Add) one can create several correlation profiles (Well_Selectors)

Wells Selection

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 Well Section: Scaling 21

Here are presented the main functions for displaying the markers which are already present in the
project. If you need to add new markers and perform well correlation, see How To Use Correlation
1. Selected wells (see previous slide) are shown on the Well Section tab
2. Well markers (color horizontal lines) and Logs (GK, Poro and Lito on the picture)
3. Scroll the mouse wheel to scale curves
4. Hold a left mouse button and move Y-axis scale to move the image up and down
5. Use buttons for scaling on the right panel to align Log curves

Buttons for scaling

Markers

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 Well Section: Scaling 22

1. Place the curves into different tracks by draging it outside of the track list in Template field.

A new track is created

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 Edit Trajectories, Markers, LOGS 26

1. Wells Table
2. Each entry in the table can be edited manually
3. Info about entries marked {…} is shown in additional table
4. You can select trajectories, markers, logs to edit manually

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 Variograms. Interpolation for horizons 27

Interpolation methods for horizons via markers:

• IDW (inverse distance weighting)
• Kriging
• SGS (Sequential Gaussian Simulation)
• Least Squares Method
• Least Squares Method by Point Set

Variograms (by Markers or by Logs)

• Others. Isotropic or Anisotropic Variogram
• Edit variograms’ parameters via sliders
 Top horizon (interpolate a Horizon using IDW)
1. Right -click on Horizons. Create - top
2. Calculations. Horizons. Interpolation. IDW
3. Well Marker – CII_top, Trend Horizon -trend
4. Step along X/Y – 100, 100 (detailization of new horizon)
5. Set autodetect by Horizons/Trend
6. Press Autodetect in order to automatic detect boundaries of top horizon in accordance with
trend boundaries and coordinates of the wells
7. Apply. Check a horizon’s name to visualize it

2 horizons

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 Bottom horizon (interpolate a Horizon using IDW) 29

1. Right -click on Horizons. Create - bottom

2. Well Marker – bottom, Trend Horizon -trend
3. Step along X/Y – 100, 100 (detailization of new horizon)
4. Press Autodetect in order to automatic detect boundaries of top horizon in accordance
with trend boundaries and coordinates of the wells.
5. Save the project. Save your project periodically to prevent data loss!

3 horizons

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 Create Grid by Horizons 30
1. Model Grid. Calculations. Create Grid by Horizons.
2. Press Add Rows. Top Horizon – top, Base Horizon - bottom.
3. Partition Type – Proportional (or Along Top/Bottom), Counts – 10
4. Autodetect by: Horizons/Trend. Press Autodetect. Set the step along X, Y to 100 m
5. Make sure Calculate Angle by Autodetect is activated (a closed padlock is displayed)
6. Apply
7. Settings. Check Grid lines

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 Local Grid Editing 31
1. Press Show Pull Config on the right panel. Select Grid
2. Set the Radius, Count of layers to edit and Pulling type
3. Pulling type: Proportional – the larger the distance between the layer and layer selected by
mouse the smaller distance the layer will be shifted to; Parallel – all selected layers will be shifted
to the same distance
4. Holding left mouse button you can edit grid in the selected Radius
5. Use Undo/Redo buttons if necessary
Undo/Redo

Show Pull Config

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 Facies Analysis 32
Create Facies:
1. User Maps. Right mouse click: Create – Facies
2. Calculations. Facies Analysis
3. Multilayer IDW
4. Well Log - Lito (Discrete, values 0, 1, 2), (can be loaded or created in Calculator)
5. Apply. Settings. Show Palette (uncheck visualization of horizons top and bottom)

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 Porosity: zone 1 33

We interpolate Porosity in 3D for zone 1 (in zone 2 we can use another interpolation parameters,
interpolation method or variorgam):
1. Model Grid. Porosity
2. Calculations. Interpolation. Multilayer IDW
3. Check Filter. Cut: Facies = 2. Well Log - Poro
4. Apply. (Porosity is interpolated in zone 1)

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 Porosity: zone 2 34

We interpolate porosity in 3D for zone 2 (change, e.g., Power parameter in IDW method to 10):
1. Porosity
2. Calculations. Interpolation. Multilayer IDW. Power parameter – 10
3. Check Filter. Cut: Facies ≠ 2 (not equal to 2). Well Log – Poro.
4. Apply (interpolate porosity in zone 2). We see two zones 1 and 2 according to Facies

Statistics for porosity

(porosity in percent)

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 Interpolate Property (NTG) 35

We are going to create the NTG property using Well Data (Logs)
1. Model Grid. Initial. Right mouse button click. Add initial Properites. Select Net to gross Ratio
2. Calculations. Interpolation. Multilayer IDW
3. Well Log – NTG. Tick Interpolate Log. Apply
4. Settings. Show Palette

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 IJK-Filter 36

1. Advanced Settings.
2. Advanced Settings. Filters. Check IJK filter. Operation Intersection
3. Uncheck All. Check blocks in X, Y and Z directions

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 Properties Filter 37

1. Advanced Settings
2. Filters. Uncheck IJK Filter. Check Properties Filter . Press Settings
3. Select Porosity. Move a slider to visualize the range of Porosity values
4. It is possible to select several properties and define a range for each property simultaneously

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 Calculator - Porosity 38

We are going to recalculate the porosity from percents (PORO property) to values from 0 to 1
1. Calculations. Calculator.
2. Model Grid. Initial. Porosity.
3. Bottom window on Calculation tab. Initial. Porosity – double click – PORO will appear in
Formula dialogue
4. Enter Formula – poro/100. Apply

Double click on Porosity, poro

will appear in Formula dialogue

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 Calculator - PERMX 39

We are going to create PERMX property via formula PERMX = exp(PORO*15)*0.3

1. Initial. Permeability along X
2. Calculations. Calculator
3. Change numbers in the Formula – exp(poro*15)*0.3
4. Apply. PERMX property is created

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 Calculator - PERMY and PERMZ 40

We are going to create PERMY = PERMX:

1. Initial. Permeability along Y
2. Default formula will appear: permx (permy=permx will be created)
3. Apply. PERMY property is created
PERMZ = PERMX/10:
1. Initial. Permeability along Z
2. Default formula will appear: permx* 0.1 (PERMZ = PERMX/10). Apply

PERMZ calculation

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 Crossplot 41

1. Settings. Select X axis: Porosity. Y axis: Permeability along Х

2. Press Statistic button on the right panel. Opened window shows correlation coefficient and
functions of trend lines if selected (see below) or select it in directly in Settings
3.Trend lines button on the right panel. Select, e.g., Exponential trend line and Linear trend line
4. A formula can be copied and used in the Calculator

Trend lines

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Part 2: Create dynamic model 42

2. Part 2 - Create Dynamic model:

• PVT
• RP as Corey correlation
• EQUIL
• Well data: Events and Production History
• Well control mode and limits
(this example is basic)

The detailed description of Model Designer: VFP tables,

local grid refinements, aquifer adding, creation of
compositional model, groups of wells, adding of new wells,
PVT Designer… see in the tutorial 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

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 Create Dynamic model 43

1. Definitions tab
2. Model type – Black Oil, PVT Properties – Dissolved Gas

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 Relative permeabilities 44

1. Fluid Properties. Model Relative Permeability

2. Calculations. Default Tables from Corey Correlations. Apply
3. Settings. COREYWO and COREYGO keywords specify RP data for Corey Correlation
4. Change values of S_WU, S_WCR, etc., curves will be updated automatically
5. Full description of COREYWO, COREYGO – next slide

Initialize default
values

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COREYWO Variables for water-oil system 45

Use the default values

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COREYGO Variables for gas-oil system 46

Use the default values

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 PVT. Standing correlation 47

1. Fluid Properties. Model PVT.

2. Calculations. Default Tables. Apply
3. Switch between keywords, which specify PVT data (STANDO, STANDG)
4. Change values in the table, curves will be updated automatically You can invoke
PVT designer
You can edit values
in the table

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 Rock 48

1. Fluid Properties. Model Rock

2. Calculations. Default Tables. Apply
3. Change values in the table, curves will be updated automatically

You can edit values

in the table

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 Initialization. Equilibrium 49

1. Fluid Properties. Model Equilibrium

2. Calculations. Default Tables. Apply
3. You can change values in the table if necessary

You can edit values in the table

Default values:
Datum Depth = (min depth + max depth) / 2
Datum Pressure = Datum Depth / 10
WOC = datum depth + 100
GOC = datum depth - 100

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 Load Well Events 50

1. Wells data. Well Structure

2. Press Import Events button. Select Import Events - One Table
3. Press Add Rows to load file Demo_Geology/Events and History/ev.txt
4. See the preview and define column names according to your data in the file.
5. Use skip line to skip the whole column
6. Press OK. Well events table will appear

Import Events

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 Load Well History 51
1. Wells Data. Wells History
2. Press Import History button. Select Import History-One Table
3. Press Add Rows to load file Demo_Geology/Events and History/data-vol.txt
4. See the preview and define column names according to your data in the file.
5. Use skip line to skip the whole column
6. Press OK. Well history table will appear

Import History

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 Create Time steps 52

1. Open Time step Editor or go to tab Wells Data. Rules

2. Select Add Steps From History and Event Tables
3. See the list of loaded time steps

Time step editor

Add Steps From

History and
Event Tables

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 Set Controls 53

1. Right mouse click on any time step. Add new rule

2. Select Create Historical Well Controls by Table
3. Define rules for Producer and Water Injectors as show
in the pic.
4. One can select different types of rules
5. Control values will be saved via keywords WCONHIST,
WCONPROD, …. See Schedule tab

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 Calculate and export a dynamic model 54
1. Press a green button Open Model on the top panel
2. Check Well Events Perforations to see perforations
3. A dynamic model is ready. It can be calculated in this window
4. Document. Export Model – save model in tNavigator (WELLTRACK, COMPDATMD)
5. Document. Export Model in E100/E300 Format
6. Calculated properties are available, Fluid in place, Graphs

To see well’s perforation

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Thank you for your attention!

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