Reg Pollard (general)

Lieutenant General Sir Reginald George Pollard,

Reginald George Pollard
KCVO, KBE, CB, DSO (20 January 1903 – 9 March
1978) was a senior commander in the Australian Army,
serving as Chief of the General Staff from 1960 to 1963.
Born in Bathurst, New South Wales, Pollard graduated
from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, in 1924. A
regular officer, he served as adjutant/quartermaster in
several battalions of the Citizens Military Forces (CMF)
during the 1920s and 1930s. In 1938, he was posted to
England to undertake staff training, which was cut short
by the outbreak of the Second World War. Pollard joined
the Second Australian Imperial Force in 1940, and the
following year saw action with the 7th Division in the
Middle East, where he was mentioned in despatches.
Promoted to colonel in 1942, he became senior staff
officer of the 7th Division in New Guinea, and was Lieutenant Colonel Pollard in Cairo, February 1942
awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his actions. Born 20 January 1903
He spent much of the remainder of the war in staff and Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
training positions in Australia. Died 9 March 1978 (aged 75)
Pollard's early post-war roles involved recruit training,
Wyrallah, New South Wales, Australia
land/air warfare, administration, and planning. In 1953, he Allegiance Australia
was promoted to brigadier and took command of the Service/ Australian Army
Australian Army Component of the British branch
Commonwealth Forces Korea. He joined the Military
Years of 1921–1963
Board as a major general in 1954, and was appointed a
service
Commander of the Order of the British Empire the
Rank Lieutenant General
following year. In 1957 he was promoted to lieutenant
general and took charge of Eastern Command in Sydney; Service 214 (NX70398) [1]
two years later he was appointed a Companion of the number
Order of the Bath. Knighted in 1961, as Chief of the Commands 2/31st Battalion (1941)
General Staff he presided over the Army's reorganisation held Recruit Training Centre (1946)
as a pentropic structure, and worked towards making Australian Army Component BCOF (1953)
Duntroon a degree-granting institution. In 1962, he Eastern Command (1957–1960)
oversaw deployment of the first team of Australian Chief of the General Staff (1960–1963)
military advisors to South Vietnam. After retiring from the
Battles/wars Second World War
military in 1963, Pollard became Honorary Colonel of the
Royal Australian Regiment; he served as Australian Middle East theatre
Secretary to Queen Elizabeth II during the Royal Visit in
1970 and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Syrian campaign
Royal Victorian Order the same year. He died at Wyrallah, South West Pacific theatre
New South Wales, in 1978.
New Guinea campaign
Korean War
Awards Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian
 Order
Contents Knight Commander of the Order of the
Early life British Empire
Second World War Companion of the Order of the Bath
Post-war career Distinguished Service Order
Rise to Chief of the General Staff Mentioned in Despatches
Chief of the General Staff
Spouse(s) Daisy Potter (m. 1925)
Retirement
Other work Australian Secretary to Elizabeth II (1970)
Notes
References

Early life
Reginald George Pollard was born on 20 January 1903 in Bathurst, New South Wales, the third son of Albert Edgar Pollard, an
English accountant, and his Australian wife Thalia Rebecca, née McLean.[2] Schooled in Bathurst, Reg entered the Royal Military
College, Duntroon, in 1921, and graduated with theSword of Honour for "exemplary conduct and performance" in 1924.[2][3] Pollard
and fellow graduate Frederick Scherger, winner of the King's Medal and future air chief marshal, applied to transfer to the Royal
Australian Air Force (RAAF) under a scheme designed to augment the RAAF's officer corps, but only Scherger was accepted.[4] The
previous year, Pollard and Scherger had inaugurated a Duntroon tradition when they found a horse's jawbone during a field exercise.
Inspired by the Biblical tale in which Samson slays the Philistines with the jawbone of an ass, they declared their find a lucky charm
and brought it back to the college as a mascot; it became known as "Enobesra" (reportedly because "jawbone seemed so
[5]
commonplace, an arsebone sounded much more interesting and spelt backwards sounded both mysterious and respectable").

Ranked lieutenant in the Permanent Military Force (PMF), Pollard was appointed adjutant/quartermaster of the 17th Battalion
(Citizens Military Forces), headquartered at North Sydney, in July 1925.[6][7] He married Daisy Ethel Potter, a typist, at St Andrew's
Anglican Church, Strathfield, on 31 October; The Bathurst Times reported that Daisy cut the cake with her husband's Sword of
Honour.[2][8] Pollard departed for India on attachment to the British Army in September 1927, serving with the Royal Fusiliers and
the York and Lancaster Regiment.[2][7] He returned to Sydney in November the following year and was posted as
adjutant/quartermaster to, successively, the 18th Battalion (CMF) and, in September 1932, the 44th Battalion (CMF).[2][6] In
December 1932, while serving with the 44th in Western Australia, he was promoted to captain.[9] Pollard was camp commandant of
the National Rifle Association of Western Australia from 1934 to 1936.[10] He was transferred to Army Headquarters, Melbourne, in
October 1936.[2] His next posting, in July 1938, was as General Staff Officer Grade 3, Training and General Duties, at the 2nd
District Base, Sydney.[6][11] In November 1938, Pollard travelled to England to attend Staff College, Camberley; he graduated in
W War.[2]
September 1939, the planned two-year course having been curtailed owing to the outbreak of the Second orld

Second World War

Following the declaration of war, Pollard served as Assistant Military Liaison Officer at the Australian High Commission, London;
during this posting he spent two weeks attached to the British Expeditionary Force in France.[2][6] Promoted major, he joined the
Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in June 1940.[2] The provisions of the Defence Act (1903) prohibited members of the PMF
(or the CMF) fighting outside Australian territory except as volunteers in the AIF.[12] Pollard was appointed brigade major of the
25th Brigade, an Australian infantry formation raised in England mostly from logistics personnel to help combat a possible invasion
by Nazi Germany.[2][13] The brigade became part of the Australian 9th Division, and in January 1941 sailed for the Middle East; it
was transferred to the 7th Division on arrival.[13] In March, Pollard was assigned to the 7th Division's headquarters staff in Libya
under Lieutenant General John Lavarack.[2][14] On 24 April, during the campaign in Cyrenaica, Pollard led a raiding party on
Giarabub, Libya, to remove Senussi civilians and destroy wells and ammunition.[14] He took command of the 2/31st Battalion at the
end of June 1941, during the Syrian campaign, after the battalion's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Selwyn Porter, was
wounded.[15] A cease-fire on 12 July ended the campaign in Syria, and Pollard was mentioned in despatches for his service; the
award was gazetted on 30 December 1941.[16][17]

Colonel Pollard as Deputy
Director of Military
Operations, Melbourne, in
December 1945.
Pollard was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1941, and was responsible for
establishing the AIF Junior Staff School in Palestine.[2][18] He was raised to temporary
colonel in March 1942 and posted to the AIF Staff in Ceylon, where the 16th and 17th
Brigades had been garrisoned while on their way back to Australia from the Middle
East.[2][19] Returning to Australia in August, Pollard was appointed General Staff Officer
Grade 1 of the 6th Division; he served on its headquarters in Papua from September until mid-
November 1942, when he became Major General George Vasey's senior staff officer at the 7th
Division.[2][20] Pollard received the Distinguished Service Order for his actions in operations
at Gona and Sanananda, during which he "displayed unlimited energy and ascertained vital
information for use in future operations"; the award was promulgated on 21 December
1943.[21][22] At the conclusion of the Papuan campaign in January 1943, Pollard was posted
to Queensland with the 6th Division, which was undergoing training and reinforcement.[2][23]
He was Chief Instructor of the Senior Staff School at Duntroon from December 1943 until
February 1945, when he became Deputy Director of Military Operations at General Sir
Thomas Blamey's Allied Land Forces Headquarters in Melbourne.[2][24]
Post-war career

Rise to Chief of the General Staff

Pollard held command of the Army's Recruit Training Centre at Greta, New South
Wales, from February to May 1946.[2][6] He spent the next two months attached to
the headquarters staff of Northern Command.[6] In August he was posted to England
to undertake a course at the Royal Air Force's School of Air Support in Old Sarum,
and following his return in February 1947 was allotted to instruct at the soon-to-be-
opened RAAF School of Air Support atLaverton, Victoria.[2][25] It was redesignated
the School of Land/Air Warfare in March 1948 and relocated to RAAF Station
Williamtown, New South Wales.[2][26] Pollard was appointed Director of Personnel
Administration at Army Headquarters in January 1949.[2] One of his tasks was to
prepare the ground for the reintroduction of compulsory national service; the new
scheme was enacted in 1951 and remained in force until 1959.[2][27] Pollard's
lieutenant-colonelcy had been made substantive in September 1946 and his
colonelcy in July 1949.[6] He attended the Imperial Defence College, London,
throughout 1951; he served as aide-de-camp to King George VI from April that year
until August 1952, and in the same capacity for Queen Elizabeth II until April
1954.[6]
Brigadier Pollard as Commander of
the Australian Army Component,
In January 1952, Pollard succeeded Colonel John Wilton as Director of Military
British Commonwealth Forces Korea,
Operations and Plans at Army Headquarters, and became Chairman of the Joint
July 1953
Planning Committee.[2][28] That August he was one of the Australian delegates
joining the Minister for External Affairs, Richard Casey, for the inaugural meeting
of the ANZUS Council in Honolulu; the US and New Zealand delegations were led, respectively, by Secretary of State Dean
Acheson and Minister for External Affairs Clifton Webb.[2][29] Pollard also took part in planning for the atomic test at Montebello,
Western Australia, in October 1952.[30] Promoted to temporary brigadier in March 1953, Pollard acted as Australian military advisor
to Prime Minister Robert Menzies at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference in London that June.[2][31] From July to
November he served as commander of the Australian Army Component of the British Commonwealth Forces Korea; the role was
responsible for managing the turnover of Australian troops in the theatre and the upkeep of their personal records.[2][32] Pollard was
[2][6]
later appointed Deputy Adjutant General at Army Headquarters, and his rank of brigadier became substantive in December 1953.
In September 1954, Pollard was promoted to temporary major general and appointed Quartermaster General and Third Military
Member of the Military Board.[2] At fifty-two, he was the youngest member of the Board.[33] His promotion to major general was
made substantive in December 1954.[6] Inspecting conditions for Australian troops deployed to Malaya in December 1955, Pollard
was quoted as saying that there were "one or two" serious complaints but that he was "amazed how few there were, considering that
the average soldier complains considerably all the time".[34][35] In August 1957, he was promoted lieutenant general and succeeded
Eric Woodward as General Officer Commanding Eastern Command, upon Woodward's appointment as Governor of New South
Wales.[36][37] Headquartered in Sydney, Eastern Command covered the state of New South Wales and was the superior headquarters
for the 2nd Division (CMF).[38] Pollard was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday
Honours promulgated on 9 June 1955,[39] and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the Birthday Honours promulgated on
13 June 1959.[40]

Chief of the General Staff

On 1 July 1960, Pollard succeeded Lieutenant General Sir Ragnar Garrett as Chief of the General Staff (CGS), and was raised to
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours promulgated on 2 June 1961.[41][42]
Although favoured by Garrett, Pollard's succession had not been a foregone conclusion. The Minister for the Army, John Cramer,
attempted to appoint Major General Ivan Dougherty, a retired CMF officer, but the proposal was defeated in cabinet on the advice of
the Minister for Defence, Athol Townley, who feared the antagonism it was likely to engender among the senior ranks of the Regular
Army.[41][43]

As CGS, Pollard oversaw a major restructure of the Army.[2] Following the lead of the US military, in 1960 the Australian Army
replaced its "triangular" divisional structure of three infantry battalions under brigade headquarters, with a "pentropic" organisation
consisting of five larger battalions without a brigade layer between division and battalion headquarters.[44] The reorganisation had
been sponsored by Garrett and agreed to by Townley in December 1959.[41][45] According to historian Chris Clark, Pollard was
"personally ambivalent" about the change, which was intended to rationalise resources and strengthen the battalions for overseas
deployments but also resulted in the disbandment of the citizens' brigades and many other militia units.[2][44] The US in any case
abandoned the pentropic system in June 1961, and the Australian Army ultimately returned to the triangular formation following a
review commissioned by Pollard's successor as CGS, Lieutenant General Wilton, in October 1964.[46][47] Another of Pollard's focus
areas as CGS was the academic qualifications of Army officers. Concerned that Duntroon graduates would begin to fall behind their
tertiary-educated peers in the community, he worked to make the college a degree-granting institution, though this did not come to
fruition until 1968.[48]

In December 1961, Pollard told the Secretary of the Defence Committee that he considered the Army's strength inadequate to support
the government's policy of "forward defence", which involved meeting Communist aggression in South East Asia, well away from
the Australian mainland. The CMF, he contended, was not properly equipped to provide relief for regular forces deployed overseas,
and conscription "would appear to be politically and economically out of the question".[49] Nevertheless, the government
reintroduced conscription in 1964.[50] As the threat of South Vietnam falling to a Communist takeover became more apparent, the
Army began in 1962 to exercise specifically to combat counter-insurgency operations, a type of warfare Pollard characterised as
"frustrating groping at an elusive enemy"; he added that "no purely military solution to a Communist insurgency situation is
possible".[51] In May that year, the Federal government agreed to South Vietnam's request for military instructors; Pollard was
responsible for laying down guidelines for the thirty advisors deployed in August as part of the Australian Army Training Team
Vietnam, led by his friend ColonelTed Serong.[52][53]

Retirement
Upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of sixty, Pollard left the military on 20 January 1963, having recommended Wilton as
his successor.[41] He became a grazier on a farm at Wesburn, Victoria. In July 1965, he was made Honorary Colonel (later Colonel
Commandant) of the Royal Australian Regiment, in which capacity he visited Australian troops in South Vietnam.[2] He served as
Australian Secretary to Queen Elizabeth II for the Royal Visit in 1970, and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal
Victorian Order in recognition of his services; the honour was promulgated on 29 May 1970, backdated to 3 May.[2][54] In 1974, he
moved to a new property, which he christened Duntroon, at Wyrallah, New South Wales.[2] Pollard died suddenly at his Wyrallah
[2][55]
home on 9 March 1978. He was survived by his wife and two sons, and cremated.

Notes
1. "Pollard, Reginald George"(http://www.ww2roll.gov.au/Veteran.aspx?ServiceId=A&VeteranId=750290). Department
of Veterans' Affairs. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
2. Clark, Chris. "Pollard, Sir Reginald George (1903–1978)"(http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A160020b.htm).
Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
3. "Royal Military College, Duntroon"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31658745). The Queanbeyan Age. 12 December
1924. p. 6. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
4. Moore, Duntroon, p. 64
5. Moore, Duntroon, pp. 69–70
6. The Army List, p. 185
7. "Biography: Lieut-Gen. Sir Reginald Pollard"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article142318440). The Western Herald. 1
February 1963. p. 7. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
8. "Weddings" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article118051423). The Bathurst Times. 7 November 1925. p. 7. Retrieved
8 May 2015.
9. "Personal" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article159836536). The National Advocate. 17 December 1932. p. 5.
Retrieved 8 May 2015.
10. "Annual meeting" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article40964879). The West Australian. 3 October 1936. p. 18.
Retrieved 8 May 2015.
11. Dawnay; Headlam, The Army Quarterly, p. 161
12. Johnston, The Australian Army in World War II, p. 5
13. "25th Brigade" (http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_13074.asp). Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
14. Long, To Benghazi, p. 303 (https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070234--1-.pdf)Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20150404160548/https://static.awm.gov .au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070234--1-.pdf)4
April 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
15. Dexter, Greece, Crete and Syria, p. 464 (https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070043--1-.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222426/https://static.awm.gov .au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070
043--1-.pdf) 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
16. Dexter, Greece, Crete and Syria, p. 513 (https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070045--1-.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024118/https://static.awm.gov .au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070
045--1-.pdf) 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
17. "No. 35396" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35396/page/7339). The London Gazette. 30 December
1941. pp. 7339–7358.
18. "AIF men on staff" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article45748508). The Advertiser. 23 January 1942. p. 9. Retrieved
10 May 2015.
19. McCarthy, South-West Pacific Area, pp. 118–119 (https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070133--1
-.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095424/https://static.awm.gov
.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDI
G1070133--1-.pdf) 18 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
20. McCarthy, South-West Pacific Area, p. 414 (https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070142--1-.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095926/https://static.awm.gov .au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070
142--1-.pdf) 18 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
21. "South-West Pacific" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17883560). The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 December 1943.
p. 7. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
22. "No. 36297" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36297/supplement/5574). The London Gazette
(Supplement). 21 December 1943. p. 5574.
23. Dexter, The New Guinea Offensives, p. 55 (https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070176--1-.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150316210312/https://static.awm.gov .au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070
176--1-.pdf) 16 March 2015 at theWayback Machine.
24. Long, The Final Campaigns, p. 593 (https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070305--1-.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150710083136/https://static.awm.gov .au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070
305--1-.pdf) 10 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
25. "Personal" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22409845). The Argus. 19 February 1947. p. 4. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
26. Stephens, Going Solo, p. 308
27. "National Service, 1951–59"(http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs163.aspx). National Archives of
Australia. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
28. "Australian for artillery talks"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article69242341). The Advocate. 9 January 1952. p. 4.
Retrieved 14 May 2015.
29. "Pact talks in Hawaii" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18275383). The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 July 1952. p. 2.
Retrieved 14 May 2015.
30. "New type of weapon experts believe"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2865601). The Canberra Times. 4 October
1952. p. 1. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
31. "PM will speak on world situation"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27165519). The Mercury. 4 June 1953. p. 2.
Retrieved 18 May 2015.
32. O'Neill, Combat Operations, p. 238
33. Horner, Strategic Command, p. 200
34. "Check-up on Malaya force"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71784516). The Argus. 6 December 1955. p. 22.
Retrieved 14 May 2015.
35. "Malaya force has complaints"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91214589). The Canberra Times. 23 December
1955. p. 1. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
36. "General Pollard new Army chief of staff" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105903019). The Canberra Times. 18
February 1960. p. 2. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
37. "NSW Governor farewelled"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91594846). The Canberra Times. 1 August 1957. p. 1.
Retrieved 16 May 2015.
38. Palazzo, The Australian Army, pp. 224, 238
39. "No. 40498" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40498/supplement/3298). The London Gazette
(Supplement). 9 June 1955. p. 3298.
40. "No. 41728" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/41728/supplement/3735). The London Gazette
(Supplement). 13 June 1959. p. 3735.
41. Horner Strategic Command, pp. 194–195
42. "No. 42371" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42371/supplement/4180). The London Gazette
(Supplement). 2 June 1961. p. 4180.
43. Grey, The Australian Army, pp. 199–200
44. Grey, The Australian Army, pp. 204–207
45. McNeill, To Long Tan, p. 13
46. Grey, The Australian Army, pp. 209
47. Dennis et al, Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
, pp. 419–420
48. Moore, Duntroon, pp. 269–275
49. Horner, Strategic Command, pp. 198, 396
50. McNeill, To Long Tan, p. 25
51. McNeill, To Long Tan, p. 12
52. McNeill, To Long Tan, pp. 38–39
53. Horner, Strategic Command, p. 215
54. "No. 45110" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/45110/page/6039). The London Gazette. 29 May 1970.
pp. 6039–6040.
55. "In brief: General dies"(http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110887104). The Canberra Times. 11 March 1978. p. 3.
Retrieved 14 May 2015.

References
 The Army List of Officers of the Australian Military Forces
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Dawnay, Guy; Headlam, Cuthbert (January 1938). The Army Quarterly. London: William Clowes & Sons.
OCLC 2338035.
Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008) [1995]. The Oxford Companion to Australian Military
History (2nd ed.). South Melbourne:Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-551784-9.
Dexter, David (1961). Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series One (Army) Volume VI – The New Guinea
Offensives. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 2028994.
Grey, Jeffrey (2001). Australian Centenary History of Defence: V olume I – The Australian Army. Melbourne: Oxford
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Horner, David (2005). Strategic Command: General Sir John Wilton and Australia's Asian Wars. Melbourne: Oxford
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Long, Gavin (1961) [1952]. Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series One (Army) Volume I – To Benghazi.
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Long, Gavin (1963). Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series One (Army) Volume VII – The Final Campaigns.
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Area. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 3134247.
McNeill, Ian (1993). To Long Tan: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1950–1966. North Sydney: Allen &
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Moore, Darren (2001).Duntroon 1911–2001: A History of the Royal Military College of Australia . Canberra: Royal
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O'Neill, Robert (1985). Australia in the Korean War 1950–53: Volume II – Combat Operations. Canberra: Australian
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Stephens, Alan (1995).Going Solo: The Royal Australian Air Force 1946–1971 . Canberra: Australian Government
Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-42803-1.

Military offices
Preceded by Succeeded by
Chief of the General Staff
Lieutenant General Sir Lieutenant General Sir
1960–63
Ragnar Garrett John Wilton

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