PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Positive Material Identification (PMI)

PTS 15.02.01
November 2016

© 2016 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.

Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.

In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.

PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.

The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
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ANNOUNCEMENT

Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition
to 7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required
make reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to
refer to PTS 00.01.01 (Index to PTS) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For
further inquiries, contact PTS administrator at ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 5
1.1 SCOPE .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM ........................................................................................................ 5
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ................................................................................................. 6
2.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................... 7
2.1 EXTEND OF PMI ............................................................................................................... 7
2.2 LOCATION AND TIMING OF PMI ..................................................................................... 7
2.3 INSTRUMENTATION ........................................................................................................ 7
2.4 TESTING PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................... 8
2.5 OPERATOR QUALIFICATION ............................................................................................ 8
2.6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA.................................................................................................... 9
2.7 IDENTIFICATION .............................................................................................................. 9
2.8 DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................................ 10
3.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 12
APPENDIX 1 : ALLOY IDENTIFICATION CHECKLIST ....................................................... 13
APPENDIX 2 : ELEMENTS TO BE DETERMINED DURING PMI ........................................... 15
APPENDIX 3 : EXTEND OF PMI – INSTALLED MATERIALS AND WELDS .............................. 16
APPENDIX 4 : BASE MATERIAL AND WELD FILLER METAL COMPOSITION
REQUIREMENTS (WT %).................................................................................................. 17
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) provides the minimum technical requirements for
Positive Material Identification for materials for all pressure equipment, piping, pipe fittings
and weldments. This PTS was developed to ensure integrity of the equipment for the desired
range of operations.
This PTS also incorporates PETRONAS lesson learnt and best practices.

1.1 SCOPE

1.1.1 This PTS specifies the requirements of PMI for Low Temperature Carbon Steel, Low Alloy and
Alloy materials and fabricated assemblies at all stage of manufacturing and fabrication for
onshore and offshore facilities. PMI of non-pressure retaining components, if there is a
significant risk, may be specified in the project specification.

1.1.2 Carbon Steel is excluded from this PTS.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

Refer to PTS 00.01.03 for PTS Requirements, General Definition Of Terms, Abbreviations &
Reading Guide.

1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms

No Term Definition

1 Inspector Person who execute and evaluate PMI results.

2 Lot Prescribed quantity of material that is made to

the same specified size and specified wall
thickness, by the same material-manufacturing
process, from the same heat and under the
same material manufacturing.

3 PMI A method used to verify both the type of

material and chemical composition of
designated items as specified in this
specification or the purchase order
Table 1: Specific Definition of Terms
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1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

No Abbreviation Description

1 LTCS Low Temperature Carbon Steel

2 PMI Positive Material Identification

Table 2: Specific Abbreviations

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This PTS 15.02.01 (November 2016) replaces PTS 15.02.01 (October 2013).
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2.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1 EXTEND OF PMI

2.1.1 PMI shall (PSR) be carried out on 100% of critical items as shown in Appendix 1 of Alloy
Verification Identification Checklist.

2.1.2 Batch sampling on a statistical basis should be avoided, unless checks are performed at the
manufacturer where large numbers of identical items are purchased and where a minimum
of clearly visible heat numbers is involved.

2.2 LOCATION AND TIMING OF PMI

2.2.1 PMI shall be performed on materials which have not been subjected to a previous PMI
examination, or for which there is no, or insufficient, PMI marking and certification, to the
extent stated in Appendix 2.

2.2.2 For materials received at site, materials which have been subjected to a previous 100% PMI
examination and for which there is supporting PMI marking and certification, shall, in
principle, be accepted for receiving inspection without further PMI.

2.2.3 Spot PMI checks shall be performed on materials subject to a previous sample PMI
examination to ensure that material control procedures are operating correctly.

2.2.4 All installed alloy bulk materials and welds shall be subjected to PMI examination in the final
'as-installed' condition, but prior to insulation or painting, to the extent stated in Appendix 3.

2.2.5 If the PMI instrument cannot determined a particular element of the alloy, the PMI instrument
shall be used to determine the major elements of the alloy. A traceable material test
certificate shall be used to verify the remainder elements of the alloy.

2.3 INSTRUMENTATION

2.3.1 The PMI method used shall provide a qualitative determination of the critical alloy without
interpretation by the PMI operator.

2.3.2 The following methods/instruments are acceptable:

i. Instruments shall have a suitable X-Ray tube or Isotope source, with alloy
verification, quantitative element analysis with permanent recording capabilities.
The alloy analyser used shall be detailed in Contractor’s PMI procedure. The
procedure shall include technical information with sufficient comprehensive data
to establish acceptance within project requirements.

ii. Wet chemical analysis or other laboratory methods. This may include the
following methods:
a) Gravimetric
b) Titrimetric
c) Colorimetric
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2.3.3 Test equipment or method used for testing shall be such as defined in API 578. All PMI
instruments shall have been serviced within a period of 6 months. The date of the last service
shall be stated on the PMI Report Forms.

2.3.4 All PMI instruments shall have a valid calibration certificate, in accordance with the instrument
manufacturer's recommendation. Calibration shall be checked at the start of each working
shift as a minimum.

2.3.5 Certified calibration samples, with full traceability, of "known" alloy materials shall be
available for use as a random spot check on the instrument calibration. These samples are in
addition to any standard manufacturer's calibration sample.

2.3.6 Surfaces to be examined shall be prepared by light grinding or abrasive paper and solvent
cleaned. Evidence of 'arc burn' resulting from the examination shall be removed by light
grinding or abrasive paper.

2.3.7 PMI activities shall be sub-contracted to an independent PMI sub-contractor, to ensure that
experienced, qualified PMI operators are employed.

2.4 TESTING PROCEDURE

2.4.1 Testing shall be performed in accordance with written test procedure which have been
submitted to Contractor and approved by Owner prior to start of fabrication.

2.4.2 Written test procedure shall contain, as a minimum, the following information:

i. Name and manufacturer of equipment to be used, or Names of any proposed

analytical laboratories which might be used

ii. Description of equipment operating principle

iii. Calibration records, procedure and frequency

iv. Equipment accuracy

v. Surface preparation, cleaning, sample removal (as applicable), temperature of use

(minimum and maximum)

vi. Marking method for typical components

vii. Acceptance criteria

2.5 OPERATOR QUALIFICATION

2.5.1 The minimum qualification of a PMI operator shall be:

i. Has undergone training on the use of the PMI equipment

ii. Has successfully pass the examination (if required) to verify capability;
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iii. Has the necessary interpretive skills essential with the used of the PMI
equipment;

iv. Has the ability to identify erroneous material by the nearest alloy type to assist in
making decisions on acceptability;

v. Has satisfactory work experience with references.

2.6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

2.6.1 The PMI results shall fall within the chemical composition requirements of the ASTM, AWS or
other applicable material specification allowing for the accuracy of the instrument. Any
questionable PMI result shall be re-analysed using the same or another instrument, after
verification of proper surface preparation. Refer to Section 2.6.2, below, for materials and
welds that failed to meet the requirements on the second analysis.

2.6.2 Materials, components, or welds which does not require 100% PMI, if found unacceptable and
failed on the second analysis, all other materials, components, or welds (same heat, lot, etc.)
represented by that failed item shall be considered suspect.

2.6.3 The failed materials could be handled in the following:

i. Scrapping/ removing all materials, components, or weld represented by the test

piece (all of that heat, lot, etc.) and replacing with new components or filler
metals, or

ii. Performing 100% examination of the remainder of the represented materials,

components, or welds, and replacing each item that fails the PMI check, or

iii. Verifying correct chemistry by laboratory chemical analysis

2.6.4 Allowance for dilution should be considered for PMI on welds joining dissimilar base materials.
Acceptable composition ranges for commonly used combinations of base material and weld
filler metals are depicted in Appendix 4.

2.6.5 Should the suspected PMI results are verified by laboratory analysis, the laboratory analysis
data shall be used and recorded.

2.7 IDENTIFICATION

2.7.1 All materials whether fabricated or loose that have passed PMI shall be marked. Marking shall
be durable and long lasting throughout the life of the project.

2.7.2 Acceptable materials shall be marked “ PMI” by means of a low-stress (dot, vibratory or 'U'
type) hard stamp or indelible, non-deleterious ink or paint (i.e. free of low melting point
metals such as zinc, lead, copper etc.), at or adjacent to each PMI sample point on each
component or weld. For 'sensitive' materials such as thin-walled pipe etc., identification shall
be by indelible, non-deleterious ink or paint. Height of marking shall be at least 6mm.

2.7.3 Marking materials shall not cause corrosion or other harmful effects. Minimum requirements
for marking materials are as follows;
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i. The total chloride content shall not exceed 200ppm.

ii. The total sulphur content shall not exceed 400ppm.

iii. The total of low melting point metals such as lead, zinc, cooper, tin, antimony,
and mercury shall not exceed 1%. From this total mercury shall not exceed 50
ppm.

2.7.4 Rejected material on receiving inspection shall be clearly marked as “DO NOT USE-PMI
FAILED”, segregated in a separate, designated area, to prevent re-use. Rejected material
found during construction shall be removed and replaced.

2.7.5 Rejected weld metal shall be removed by suitable means and the excavation shall be subjected
to a PMI check prior to repair. Alternatively, the weld shall be completely removed, the weld
preparation re-made and surface NDT, and re-welded. All repair welds shall be subjected to
PMI. Welding, repair welding and NDT requirements shall follow PTS 15.10.06.

2.8 DOCUMENTATION

2.8.1 PMI results shall be reported in a PMI report form. The form as a minimum shall contain the
following data;

i. Project/ PO No

ii. PMI report no

iii. Material manufacturer, material test record number, heat number and lot
number, as applicable

iv. Material and grade including material certificate and transfer record, as
applicable

v. PMI procedure

vi. Name of PMI inspector

vii. Contractor's name

viii. PMI sub-contractor's name and address, if applicable

ix. Location and date of PMI examination

x. Description of test method

xi. PMI instrument name, serial number, last calibration date and last service date

xii. Type of alloy examined per isometric

xiii. Isometric number

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xiv. Equipment tag number or pipe spool number (PO No. For bulk items) for the
specific piece tested

xv. Quantitative analysis results for relevant elements (Results of elements)

xvi. Conclusion (Results of Test (Pass/Fail))

2.8.2 The PMI report shall be included in the final piping isometric records or equipment final
documentation records.
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3.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each Standards/Publications shall be used, together
with any supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01
PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, PTS 00.01.03
Abbreviations & Reading Guide
Pressure Vessels PTS 12.20.01
Weldable Martensitic Stainless Steel Line Pipe PTS 15.10.06
(Amendments/Supplements To API Spec 5LC)

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
API Material Verification Program for New and
Existing Alloy Piping Systems API RP 578:2ndEdition 2010
ASTM Materials Handbook Vol. 03.05 & 0306
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section II A, B & C
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APPENDIX 1 : ALLOY IDENTIFICATION CHECKLIST

Alloy Identification Checklist

Extent
Component

Pressure retaining parts 100 %

Pressure retaining welds
- Shell 100%
- Heads 100%
- Nozzles 100%
- Fittings 100%
- Flanges 100%
- CRA lined or clad components 100%
Welding
- Welding consumables Each lot before welding
- Welds (pressure equipment) 100%
- Welds (repairs) 100%
- Welds (piping) 100%
- Attachment welds to pressure 5%
parts
Load bearing attachments (as clips for 5%
platform and pipe support)
Fired heaters, boilers and heat
exchanger
- Heater tubes 100%
- Heat exchanger tubes 5% each lot
- Tubesheets 100%
- Fittings 100%
- Solid/ jacketed gaskets 100%
- Expansion joints 100%
- Channels 100%
- Pipe 100%
- Furnace tube hangers 100%
- Furnace tube supports 100%
- Air Cooled Heat Exchanger 100%
Header Plugs and Gaskets
- Corrosion resistant Alloy (CRA) 100%
lined or clad components
Clad/weld overlay
- Nozzle One reading for each
- Shell course Two readings for each
- Head One reading for each
- Clad restoring 100%
Internals
- Tray 100% of incoming goods/5% after fabrication
- Distributors, nozzles, piping, 100% of welds and components
supporting beams
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Alloy Identification Checklist

Extent
Component

Bulk material
- Bolting 10% per lot (5 minimum per lot)
- Gaskets 100% for ring type joint/10% for kamprofile
Pressure relieving equipment
- Bellows 100%
- Body 100%
- Bonnet 100%
- Rupture disc 100%

Alloy Identification Checklist

Extent
Instrumentation Components
Orifice Plate 100% (321SS, 347SS, all chrome alloys and
high nickel alloy)
Thermowell, other type insertion type 10% (304/304L and 316/316L SS)
instruments and positive displacement 100% (321SS, 347SS, all chrome alloys and
meters high nickel alloy)
Instrument tubing including insertion 100% (321SS, 347SS, all chrome alloys and
type high nickel alloy)
Control valve 100% (321SS, 347SS, all chrome alloys, high
nickel alloy and all Custom Cast)
Valve trim 100% (321SS, 347SS, all chrome alloys and
high nickel alloy)
Displacer, magnetic level gauge and 100% (321SS, 347SS, all chrome alloys and
level chamber high nickel alloy)
Coriolis meters 100% (321SS, 347SS, all chrome alloys and
high nickel alloy)
Fabricated meter runs and fabricated 100% (321SS, 347SS, all chrome alloys and
venturies (pressure retaining parts only) high nickel alloy)
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APPENDIX 2 : ELEMENTS TO BE DETERMINED DURING PMI

Materials Elements To Be Determined

1Cr – 0.5Mo Cr, Mo,

1.25Cr – 0.5Mo Cr, Mo,
2.25Cr – 1Mo Cr, Mo,
5Cr – 0.5Mo Cr, Mo,
9Cr – 1Mo Cr, Mo,
2.25Cr - 1Mo - 0.25V Cr,Mo,

12Cr (Type 410S/ 405) Cr, Ni, Ti, Al

12Cr Cr, Ni, Ti, Al
17Cr Cr, Ni, Ti, Al

304 (L) Cr, Ni, (C if specified in equipment data sheet)

304 Cr, Ni
304 (H) C, Cr, Ni
310 Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb(Cb), Ti (C if specified in equipment data sheet)
309 (L) Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb(Cb), Ti (C if specified in equipment data sheet)
309 Nb Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb(Cb), Ti (C if specified in equipment data sheet)
316 (L) Cr, Ni, Mo, (C if specified in equipment data sheet)
321 Cr, Ni, Ti, Nb(Cb) (C if specified in equipment data sheet)
347 Cr, Ni, Nb(Cb), Ti (C if specified in equipment data sheet)

Inconel 182/ 82 Ni, Cr

Inconel 625 Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb(Cb) + Ta
Inconel 600 Ni, Cr
Incoloy 800 Cr, Ni, Al, Ti, Cu
Incoloy 825 Cr, Ni, Mo, Ti
Admiralty Brass Cu, Sn, As
Aluminum Brass Cu, Al, Zn
Cupro-Nickel (70-30) Cu, Ni
Cupro-Nickel (90-10) Cu, Ni
Monel 400 Cu, Ni
Titanium Ti
NOTE(S):
List of materials is not exhaustive, and shall not be construed as limiting the alloy materials subject to PMI.
Remark: For verification of minor elements e.g. low carbon in stainless steel type 304L or 410S, Contractor shall specify identification methods
and propose to Technical Authority for approval.
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APPENDIX 3 : EXTEND OF PMI – INSTALLED MATERIALS AND WELDS

No Material Type Materials and Welds Description

1. Piping Bulk Piping, flanges, branch fittings Each component base material
Materials etc. welded into line: part, undertaken in conjunction
with PMI of weld per Section
2.2
Flanged valves, fittings (e.g. Each component base material
plugs), strainers, filters etc. part. Only body shall be tested
installed into line: on valves

2. Pressure Retaining Circumferential welds Each weld, with 1 test per weld
Welds seam for automatic and semi-
automatic welding processes,
and 1 test per weld seam and 1
test per 450mm weld length
thereafter for manual welding
processes (1)
Attachment welds Each weld per component part
(1)
NOTE(S):
1. For all welds, PMI shall be performed on completed weld capping pass and the base material on either side. Where carbon steel base
material is welded to an alloy base material with an alloy weld metal, the carbon steel base material is exempted from PMI. Where
carbon steel base material is welded to an alloy base material with a carbon steel weld metal, the carbon steel base material and the
carbon steel weld metal are exempted from PMI.
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APPENDIX 4 : BASE MATERIAL AND WELD FILLER METAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS (wt %)

Material Cr Ni Mo Cu W Notes

304L BM 18.0 – 8.0 – 12.0 --- --- ---

20.0
308L WFM 19.5 – 9.0 – 11.0 0.75 max --- --- E/ER308L & LT
22.0
304L Welds 18.0 – 8.0 – 12.0 0.75 max --- --- NOTE 1
22.0
304L BM 18.0 – 8.0 – 12.0 --- --- ---
20.0
316L BM 16.0 – 10.0 – 2.0 – 3.0 --- ---
18.0 14.0
316L WFM 17.0 – 11.0 – 2.0 – 3.0 --- --- E/ER316L & LT
20.0 14.0
304L/316L Welds 16.0 – 8.0 – 14.0 3.0 max --- --- NOTE 1
20.0
304L BM 18.0 – 8.0 – 12.0 --- --- ---
20.0
316 BM 16.0 – 10.0 – 2.0 – 3.0 --- --- E/ER316L & LT
18.0 14.0
308L WFM 19.5 – 9.0 – 11.0 0.75 max --- ---
22.0
304L/316L Welds 16.0 – 8.0 – 14.0 3.0 max --- --- NOTE 1
22.0
304L BM 18.0 – 8.0 – 12.0 --- 2.0 – 3.0 ---
20.0
308L WFM 19.5 – 9.0 – 11.0 0.75 max 2.0 – 3.0 --- E/ER316L & LT
22.0
CD4MCu BM 24.5 - 4.75 – 6.0 1.75 – 2.75 – ---
26.5 2.25 3.25
304L/CD4MCu 18.0 – 4.75 – 2.0 max --- --- NOTE 1
Welds 26.5 12.0
316L BM 16.0 – 10.0 -14.0 2.0 – 3.0 --- ---
18.0
316L WFM 17.0 – 11.0 – 2.0 – 3.0 --- --- E/ER316L & LT
20.0 14.0
316L Welds 16.0 – 10.0 – 2.0 – 3.0 --- --- NOTE 1
20.0 14.0
316L BM 16.0 - 10.0 – 2.0 – 3.0 --- ---
18.0 14.0
316L WFM 17.0 – 11.0 – 2.0 – 3.0 --- --- E/ER316L & LT
20.0 14.0
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Material Cr Ni Mo Cu W Notes

CD4MCu BM 24.5 – 4.75 – 6.0 1.75 – 2.75 – ---

26.5 2.25 3.25
316L/CD4MCu 16.0 – 4.75 – 1.75 – --- --- NOTE 1
Welds 26.5 16.0 3.0
AL6XN BM 20.0 – 23.5 – 6.0 – 7.0 0.75 max ---
22.0 25.5
625 WFM 20.0 – 58.0 min 8.0 – 0.50 max --- E/ERNiCrMo-3
23.0 10.0
AL6XN Welds 20.0 – 25.5 min 7.0- 10.0 0.75 max --- NOTE 2
23.0
C-22 BM 20.0 – Remainder 12.5 – --- 2.5 –
22.5 14.5 3.5
CD4MCu BM 24.5 – 4.75 – 6.0 1.75 – 2.75 – ---
26.5 2.25 3.25
C-22 WFM 20.0 – Remainder 12.5 – 0.50 max 2.5 – E/ERNiCrMo-10
22.5 14.5 3.5
C-22/CD4MCu 16.0 – 25.0 min 10.5 – --- 2.5 –
Welds 22.5 14.5 4.5
C-22 BM 20.0 – Remainder 12.5 – --- 2.5 –
22.5 14.5 3.5
C-22 WFM 20.0 – Remainder 12.5 – 0.50 max 2.5 – E/ERNiCrMo-10
22.5 14.5 3.5
C-22 Welds 20.0 – 52.0 min 12.5 – --- 2.5 – NOTE 1
22.5 14.5 3.5
BM: base metal; WFM: weld filler metal

NOTE(S):
1. Acceptance is based on the combined base metal and WFM spec requirements.
2. Acceptance is based on WFM spec and the expected amount of dilution for molybdenum.