P value and statistical significance:

The two-tailed P value equals 0.6438

By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be not statistically significant.

Confidence interval:
The mean of PRE TEST - JASMINE minus PRE TEST - CARNATION equals 0.2730
95% confidence interval of this difference: From -1.0180 to 1.5640

Intermediate values used in calculations:

t = 0.4784
df = 9
standard error of difference = 0.571

Learn more:
GraphPad's web site includes portions of the manual for GraphPad Prism that can help you learn
statistics. First, review the meaning of P values and confidence intervals . Then learn how to
interpret results from an unpaired or paired t test. These links include GraphPad's popular analysis
checklists .

Review your data:

Group PRE TEST - JASMINE PRE TEST - CARNATION
Mean 93.0130 92.7400
SD 2.4550 1.9431
SEM 0.7763 0.6145
N 10 10

Test Purpose Example

1-Sample t Tests whether the mean of a Is the mean height of female college students
single population is equal to a greater than 5.5 feet?
target value

2-Sample t Tests whether the difference Does the mean height of female college
between the means of two students significantly differ from the mean
independent populations is equal height of male college students?
to a target value

Paired t Tests whether the mean of the
differences between dependent
or paired observations is equal to
a target value
If you measure the weight of male college
students before and after each subject takes a
weight-loss pill, is the mean weight loss
significant enough to conclude that the pill
works?

t-test in Tests whether the values of Are high school SAT test scores significant
regression coefficients in the regression predictors of college GPA?
output equation differ significantly from
zero
Paired T test
P value and statistical significance:
The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001
By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant.

Confidence interval:
The mean of Pre - Test - Carnation minus Post TEST - CARNATION equals -6.4380
95% confidence interval of this difference: From -7.8277 to -5.0483

Intermediate values used in calculations:

t = 10.4801
df = 9
standard error of difference = 0.614

Review your data:

Group Pre - Test - Carnation Post TEST - CARNATION
Mean 92.7400 99.1780
SD 1.9431 1.1553
SEM 0.6145 0.3653
N 10 10

Unpaired t test results

P value and statistical significance:
The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001
By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant.

Confidence interval:
The mean of Pre - Test - Carnation minus Post TEST - CARNATION equals -6.4380
95% confidence interval of this difference: From -7.9399 to -4.9361

Intermediate values used in calculations:

t = 9.0059
df = 18
standard error of difference = 0.715

Learn more:
GraphPad's web site includes portions of the manual for GraphPad Prism that can help you learn
statistics. First, review the meaning of P values and confidence intervals . Then learn how to
interpret results from an unpaired or paired t test. These links include GraphPad's popular analysis
checklists .

Review your data:

Group Pre - Test - Carnation Post TEST - CARNATION
Mean 92.7400 99.1780
SD 1.9431 1.1553
SEM 0.6145 0.3653
N 10 10

Paired vs. unpaired t-test

Definition

Paired t-test compares study subjects at 2 different times (paired observations of the same
subject). Unpaired t-test (aka Student’s test) compares two different subjects. The paired t-
test reduces intersubject variability (because it makes comparisons between the same
subject), and thus is theoretically more powerful than the unpaired t-test.

Paired vs. unpaired t-test

Definition

Paired t-test compares study subjects at 2 different times (paired observations of the same
subject). Unpaired t-test (aka Student’s test) compares two different subjects. The paired t-
test reduces intersubject variability (because it makes comparisons between the same
subject), and thus is theoretically more powerful than the unpaired t-test.