-- >

-~
 Il!!AMERICANBnt'oGECOMPAl~Y i31!3
~o.&
C1NCINNATIOFFICE
UNIO N :.'!.~.~2'~~.~N G

STRUCTURAL
STEEL SHAPES
•

INFORMATION AND TABLES

FOR

ENGIKEEHS AND DES IGNERS

AND OTHER D ..\T:\

PERTA IN ING TO

STRUCTURAL STEEL

MANUFACTURED BY

CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY

PI TTSnURO l.I, I'A.
 •

COII),rlgM t l):!1} by
C ,U"I:OU\ 8T~~L CO" ~ Al< T
I'lltlbW'lh . P a.

Jo'Jl"ll t Ed ItJOIl, Januar)' t, 1!)26. l 'ri ntcd In L. !(, A.

 H IS pamphlet contains tables and other data for structural
T sections cOllsidered most suitable for use in bridge and building
construction.
The safe loads for s tructural sections used 8S beams are given
in completely tabulated form for unit fiber stresses of 18,000 a nd
of 16, 000 pounds per square inch.

Structural stool is rolled to permissible variations given in the

specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials lind of
the Association of American Steel Manufacturers. I n designs
requi ring closo fi tting, allowance should be made fo r rolling variat ions
to insure ample clearance between abuttipg or interfitting surfaces .

All dimcllIlions given on profiles are theoretical. The exact

dimensions of structural sections dcpe nd on condition of rolls.

Whcrever the profile applies to more than one weight of section,

the dimensions arc for the normal profile, which is the section of
minimum t h ickncss unlcss otherwise ind icated in bold type . Sectiollll
having but one weight specificd are rolled to t hat weight only.

Structural Sectiona s hould be ordered to weight per foot, Icngth

in fcct and inches. Orders for Plates should specify all d imensions
in inches. Orders for Rounds, Squares and other Bar Mill P roducts
should specify sizes in inches and length in feet and inchc~. Rails
should be ordered by section number and not by linear weight.

Section numbe r should be specified on orders for all sections.

The Association of American Stceil\[lmufacturer8 has recommcnded

certain angle sections as s t andard for general building construction,
snd quicker del iveries can be obtained by ordering standard sizes.
Angles not stand:lTd are marked "special" on profile pages.
•
CARNEO U ! STEEL CQ.\\ PANV

STRUCTURAL BEAMS
r·- ---'.t~·----"1 !<----7'OO'--- - - -
l. .J r l __

•
! ~• I,,
., ~I ,B 18 .',, ~ Bl
" •
I•

,
G.«Io;. -' _.,

,.......
-,'
0..; .....1 F~l 0..; ....1
, ...
WobTIUdl:_

r ...tio&=J

."
1 7().O
116.0 '""
7.987
'.m
r.iI. I
0 .798
0.137 ....
"-
(0101 No. 124)
" 110.0
101>.9 7.816
7'",

'"
0.616
0.626
.~.

100.0
'M
7.247
7.186 ,.,
'" 0.747
0.686 "
I~~.
B ,
00.'
8...
7tH)
7.124
7.003
'.000
Ht.
, 0.62.(
0.""
0.""
•
1\'
•
 •• AC
MC'' -______________________-,
STHUCTUHA L I3EAMS-Gontinuoo

, -.
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. , jo. _ _ _ _ _t.:s! _____

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,
i

,I
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T
B2 •
I
,
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,,

L
, . f.ro·

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.-
-,
~

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~ ~ __UIlO·_", ~!.- -U1~'- '"
.
......
,.... ""'" " 80m.
iI.. h.
IV.,.., nar...::
.....,. ....,
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odUI
,
f....a.-I ""-'
,-
Webn.ic:k...

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S, ,. ....
100.0
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7. 126
..
7"".
7".
,,.,
'
...,. '..
0 .873
0.726 "b
. ~~

l
,
...
8M 7.0..3 0.'" ·\k.
81.-& '.000 0."" '"it
711.0 a.31H ~. 0.641

.
83
'" ,...
70.0 6.3 17
6.2/10
6% .
W.
0.667
0 ....
~1.

~
, "
 CAR,NEO I E ST EE L COMPANY

STRUCTURAL BEAMS- Continued

• 19

r... ---.. ---.-. ----- --- ----.lU~~:-------------.- -.-- --'!

1.l9/i •

o.lii
i ~
L ~_...... __ ...._._ ... ______ .__ .. _.. -.18'------------ _______ ___._~:~..~~ .. ..

r
•! ~--.
••
----------.----------1S.207~-········· .--..-------...,
: 0.0160" :
18
._-,
G.922"

1 0.56 '~
L 0.28 _.j
....- --------·-a:-·----_ _ ·..;

... .....
"
SectiOD Depth <III

lotb.. ~
W~t
'"
'00"",
Doci....
............,
1'1"1.: Width. Web Tbicl<-.

""'....
,"'-
r....1.ioDaI

.
,':l:' .'" .,
,.
00.' 7 .236 0.796
BIO
(Old No. 1 81l
" '0.0
80.'
7.16<1
7.072
,
'I"
0.7 14
0.632
'%.
%
,
75.6 '000 .000
•• '. I
, ,0.0
70,0 6.251
, 0 .711 '%.
B
(OW No. 1st)
" ,..,
00.'
6.169
6.087 ':l:', 0 .629
0 .64 7 oll
'.000
, • 0.460
""
 BE .... M S

STRUCTURAL BEAMS-Continued

r-\ P"---------~ 1~~W _ ___ __ _ _ _ ~ J".m.

., ' jU~' ,
~, IO~
1
i .~ ~
t_"'_____________".________ .::':~ _1

Seeliou
,~u
......
Doptll of
bob ..
W?!'
per ""',
Pound.

75.0
rlo'1,~

DeoimaJ

6.278
,-
Widtb,
... b~.

'%.
Wfi,Th;'k_,
I..,h ..
Deei"",]

0.868
rIMIiou]

~
B ,
( Old Nt. 85)
"
70.0
'M
6.]8()
6.082
", ..
'%. 0 .770
0 .672 .'%....
.%.

,
008
M.O
W.O
6.000
5.738
5.640
5'-';..
5·YO.
0.~90

0 .648
0.""
..
" ..
.~
B
" 45.0
I '.000
5.542
''''' 0.452
O.·no .'"
'%.
42.9
, '"
 CARNEG I E STEIOL COM I'ANY

STRUC'rUR.U.. BE,\ ,"IS-Continued

D8
}-..- . -'
,.
- ______ ______ • .m'!._
~
.~ ,------------. .J
.~ ,- '
,,,
,,i ~:l J!
'-- ... ----- - ____ 12 ~ _ __
------ .!:~:-
,-
,,
- ";i~.

n,
!, ... - - - - - - - - - ____ ___ _•. 7U~_.-- -- --------.~

"!,, ~

-- o.ps·
t,
,, O.,~"

I, '9,
'- 10--- ______ __ ___ - _ __ _ - 1: "- 0.:1' _I
------- ------ --"
"0.310 '
D 10

.,i ___ _____ _r...,.

~- - --- ---- ---
,,'
,~
u
-- -, om'
.1
I
,,i
0. 11 "
•
, - ,...----- ... ,
.\, ",
_J.

..
•
s...lioD
Index
""
"'~.
IlICk ..
"'""ie'
~ 00'
''''''', ,
....'n"odlh,

r .... tloul
-
0..; ....1
,...
1I"'tb'niri:-.

.' .... tioul

---
n 8
".0
00.0 '-'''''
11. 477 fi'.,."
5'~
0.8 10
0.68i
III.
L\\.
" 411.0
".8
1i.3M
s.".
,~ I'"
S'.
0.i'i6.~
0.4~
~,.
,""

8
• "
35.0 &.078
,"" 0 .428
0."-'0
IT. .
"~,

.....
31.8 5.000

I 00
".0
3.5.0
5J)D I
4 .94<1
.....
4 '~.
0.741
0.i'i94
",~.
<014 OW
No. B 11) :10.0
211.4 .."'" I
4 .i07

8
4 ~ '1u
4'~u
0.447
O..:UO
."
 BEAM S

STRUCTUHAL BE A~IS-Continucd

r- BII
I
, ... ---------- 1.~"---- ---_____ .,.
.' O.~·

~, { c.~~ -
,i
i__ 0.11"
.----------,'-------------

~
100.. ""'"
Horu:e V.~ldtb, W.bTbj.kne_,
\\'~hl
h'ob .. Inch ..
r::h~ PO' fOOl,
o.n.. ---
.,,-...
PO\lOO. Deoim.1 Fraoti""aI F... tiorlll

n il
(Old No H 13) ,
, 3[,,0
30.0
25.0
4.764
4.(1)1
4.437
4'"""
4'''''
" l
0.724
0.561
0.397 I~ .
2 1.8 4.330 4'\:- ''''' ,~,

Il I :?
( Old ","0 B 1$) :
, 25.5
23.0
zo.:;
4.262
4.171
4.079 ....•
4'~
4'\~o
0.532
0.441
0.349
l;~,

",
!\~.
18.4 4.000 0 .270 ':.0
, "'., 3.860
J~
0,450 "00
Il 1:1
( Old No B17) ,
17.5
15.3
3.75:;
Hmo I 3"\~, I 0.34[,
0.250 I '1~1
II
,
r CA~NEO I E ST EE L COMPANY

STRUCTURAL BEAl\J8-Concluded

,. , 0.2.10"

B 17 "'1'0.170'
~ --t.8<3'-'j

"I' I O.I" ~ ~
_.'
o.n" tf
.i._, 0.1 ,- ~
,..-----3·----..

FIt.'1,0 Wid th,

o..:i"..1
~h.

Fractio...1 Dftoi.... 1
...
,, -
Web Thict_,

. Fraetio •• l

."
(aid . ... 819)
, 17 ,2.';
14.16
3.W5
3 .443
3')1 .
3%a
0.466
0.3 43
--
•.''''
"i2
'
3'"
..''''•
12.6 3.33<> 0. 230

DIe.
(Old Nt. Bm
, 14 .75
12.25
3.m
3 .137
3,.,
3"-
00404
0.347 '
10.0 3.000 3 0 .210

,.,
10.5 2.870
2 .700
2,\.
2'J<.
0.400
0.326
',,"
.'"
•'" I •
(Old :.0. 8 23)
,.,
8.' 2 .723
2,660
20~"
2.~"
0 .253
0. 190 "
~.

.n I
(Old Xo.B m 3 •.,
H
,.,
2.500
2 .4 11
2%
2'''11.
0 .349
0.251 """
2.33<>

W
2' ~. 0. 170
''''
 H_BEAM S

H-BEAMS I
r- .~-

r-'~'--<1

Ht I , ,
,I• J. H2

1 lo.m" --,r
!
.. ~

= :±:=:+:===:::::r' =±' ====1'," • I

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1' 1'

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,
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37.7
W~~
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F1&"f.e Width,

Deoimal
8~.
"'- FraotloDal .....,
O.SOO
Web Thick ....,
l""b ..
Fraetloul

••'!'u"
U. S U.J &.0(10 S O.J75 ~
32.0 7.93S 7'~\. 0.3 13
26.7 6. 12i; Ill!. 0.43i'!
n, 6 H.I 0.000 6 O.JJl
••
n, , 22.8
18.9
5.938
5.000
5''¥;.
, 0.250
O.JJl
••••"
'" • U.& 4.000
Full il1lOl"Ulltiou .. 10 .... olll·llea"" i'liven io pamphlel entitltd
• Q.JIl
··SIOOI ~i". Timbo,..

"
 C A R- N EG I E STE E L. CO MI' AN Y
,
CAR SILL SECTJQNS
f·····-··- 3h".... ~
:: ~ --- 2.78'l" ~, ~
r··· ~:----------;,
Q~ 6" ('-2(/'
_• .\.0.150"

......... __ .. _. ,"
,,
:
:,
'1 ,
:
,:'''' i ,
, ,Ik
!
B 112
'i4 ,
"
!,
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0.35"1 ,
C 211

T' ~rl j
,,
,,
21 :
,,
,
,I ! i, 0.38"
,
0.17"

•.• "3.650"

: .... ,y SIOJ,; SU.1, eIlA.' O'Er.

~ __-:'--ry : ~\...... '0.00" 6' 0.30"

( § "'n
' 1d-
:I ~ •• _ -
321>6"
-_ • . . - . . - . . . -~
~
<:>
~ .. ____ ._ . ___ .. _. _....7::. ________ . ____ ._. ___ .)
CENTER 811,1, 8J,;CTIQN

Weichl Widtb Thiok Ax is H AIis 2-2

~ Iltpt r.,:,t A..,. .,!: :~b' I .~ ,1-' I r S
S y

'M" ~ Cb. " ,

1l 1lZ l::l 10.3 11. 7Z3~,7
". ". ',.' ".
'%.
238.114.513 1.9 14.64 21.8 1.36
" , "' 1"'lin. ~ 5.9
lB.
-1.5'
0211 7 18.8 5. 4 13 4 0.3-'> 42.92.80 12.2 31;0 >1.3 1.23 3.0 1.23
FuUillformatioo .. g;"ea in ...... plllet.ntil!a! "Can>!t;ie c.. Sill Secli"",,"
 CHANN(L~
' ________________________,

STnt:CTUlL\.L CIlAXNELS
Amcricnn Standard ~ction8 .-~ rii. SM~

~ t
'~ . . ____________________ ~:w-----.-- ..---.---..-.. . . 0 ~
, .i o.626 ' O.IiOO, ! i
LL.::::===========~:':=======::::'J O:;.6
·------------18-------------- -----------.....

....... :0.40(1-

·~]\;:-n-m-----'~~. .;:;;;;.m---h-i~ .~ .
L : .0.900
L. ________ . _____ _ A. -----.16~----- • ____ . _________ ;

f- 0.23"
coo
'~ j ..--------- ___ _IO'U2"p. __ .. _•••• ___ . ~

l~~'~·~·~·':'::::::::::::~'~·~"~·~'::::::::::J O.8a>w
L
-.-- ... -.----. I3~--:-- ---_ ..
-
...
,
Sottioto
...
o.plb oi
,
u •......,J,
W<!fbt

,"'"" I ""'""'_I
11<1' fOot,
n"II£' \I itIt11.
ho:hl't
,'"",tioaal
w.b 1llirk_,

""'''''
'''''hH
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1C '"
"
5.'1.0
fiL!.I
~5. 8 ..'"
<-200
4 .100
,.",.,
....•
.,~. o.~oo

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0.500
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',",

'
~2.1 3''''', 0 .450 b.
3}!1 4 3'~ .

:'~.
fo"'.O 0 .8 14

C , In
r.o.o
4!i.1)
:UHl
;j .6 111
!I.!il!(}
:1....
3~;,
0.716
O.t"II S
O.til!(}
·10.0
:i.'J.0 :1.422 "::i'
:lot • 0 .422
33.!I 3.400 "", 0.400 '

1C '"
"
....
00.0
4:;.0
:\7.0
aa.o
4.412
4 .2<lII
4.1S!,
4.117
4 .072
....'.,.,...
" ,,"

4' ..
0 .•8 .
0.673
O.MIO
0.4!¥.!
0.447
""
' ...
••
:It
:U.8 '.0<0 • 0.37S
"
tC W i,. Sbip Buildi", L"._I (IIO)t .aAmftitla St.",brd.) tc 20 iI a Car Buildi", Ch.D..!.
,,,
 CARNEO I E STEEL COMPANY

'1
STUUCTURAL C HANNELS-Continued
American Standard Scctiollll ..., to.lI!IlI~

r
~~·
C 170 ::I
~ ,

L--,~_.::-:"=-"=-='-=-=-==-=-=-==-=-'=~='=-;I:':;;'=:=-=-==-=-=-=-=-=~=':-.~-~-:,.,J•.
~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .12(.. ___ ___________ ~

1
f Il.17H ,
.,, 02 .'
~
- - -.----UIO~-------"'1
!'
1 _

I
~ OJI'

1>--- - - - - - - -___ ___ 12~

. . .-

_ _ ___ ---------01
I

•
o.r~
I

"1 10':10'
r o.u · "' T
I C3 l
~I ~ ---- ------ ..I.:II·- --- ---- -~ ~,
, fI"~!
l.· ,
'''~·~'=·==============~~''~.~·==========:'~~I ok·
,
_-- - - - - - - - IO· - - ___ __ _____ _ --->j

W~I
~, ...I ill,. Wldlh.
I...
Wob'Thirk_.
I_

""''''' Deri ....l ••..-tioruJ

""""' I'racti"u1

00.0
48.6
"6.6
4 .13ii
4.100

•. 0"
<-0'"
............ O.83li

'''''"
0.760
,,",
'\0,
"
tC 170
" H.5
40.0 :U190 •;I"~,
0.701
'-''''
',",
:;t
3S.o 3.767 3''!II.. 0."67

c ,
" ...,,.
40.0
35.0

20.7
3.4111
:I.:.m2
:1.I70
;1.0-17
2.U40
,~

"'~'
31 ,
3"'10.
2 1'H.
0.7M
0 .632
0 .5 10
0 .3..'l7
0 .280
~
.~ ,
:1..
,.,
C 3 w
3M
3M
"'.,
'M
3.11'iO
3.033
,-""
2.7:t9
~.
'lli,
2 01 ...
, -""
0 .673
0.526
0.3711
' ~.
'0;.
n~_

,,.,~

Ie 170;" .
". '-600 2''''_
Car llui:.!i", a.a_' (DOl am A....ri .. ~ Silolldard.)
0.2~0
 CHA NNE L S

STRUCTURAL CliANNELS-Con~inued
American Standard Sections

-1
C4 ,I
1'-___ _ _ _ _ _ 1.:.1_ ___ _ _ _ _ _ --<1 ~
~ o.u0
0

1 0-2XI0 :!
L.f---:~===~~==="'~o1.,.
1.---------- ~.-~--- ---------_tI
"1~ .

• r
~
C5
o. l3 ·
.:
"'-- ___ _ ____ 6.3l3~ ______ ,
....

~
i _p====~'~.m~·=~c.!.
\. ' 0.3:
0

J...
I •

10------------ 8!...-- - _________ ...j

~ '0.2 10'"

r
•01
0.13"
C6
..... ___ ___ ~"n~!.. __ ____ ....
1
:-0"'l
I ' u.3I' o-:/IU' : -;
!--. Jo-
~'=~========~~~====~.~u·
_ _________ 1!..--- _______ ..i

..,,,,,,,...
.... ,.....
l"lt-pth nI
,
ChaDod.
w<!fht
P<T foot.,
na'tnd!idth.
Decimol
,, ...
W.bTblc.k ....
-
""'"" I
.·rldioD&l ."ractiolllr

"'.•
:!il.O 2.812 2 1')1, 0.612 1%.
C
• , 2.048
2.485
2' %. 0.448
"'.
%,

,.,"'"
\ 5.0 0.285

•.
'%.
13.4 2.430 2';i4 0.230
2.61f1
21.25 0.670 .~"
,
18.75 2.527 2'%. 0.487
C
• 8 16.25 2.436 2%. 0.395 '14.
13.75
11.5
19.75
2.313
2.260

'.000
2'%.
2'il"
2·...,40
0.303
0.220
0.629
'\I.
"\
II
..
C , , 17.25
14 .75
2.404
2.2!lll
2'*"
,.,
2'%.
0.524
0.410
'%.

"".
12.25 2.1!)..I.
'.000
0.314
••
'%.
""
0.8 0.2LO

"
 CARNE<HE STEEL. COMPANY

STIWCTUIt,\ !, C LI:\NNELS - Concluded

Amcricnn Stnndll.rd Sections
-1 "o.:m-
,
.
r ' O.IZ' C7

•j ~~ _ - _ __
O.;jU'
4~L8' ____ __ ..,
10.200'
•'7,.
"

U,·97·
~. ---- --- ---r.:...!--- --- --.

"f- Oil" C8
--"",I .
' ,0.1110

T ,I\r;~:-3 009~l-O~):O~-:
'r. ~
.- ~---
. ___ ro" r_______-~. 'il~·
T

C9 ---:f ,
' .0.180
r 0.11'
r----- 2.;0,/'---...
~ ~
10.28"
____ ~,
a.ui!
.___ --J
~
.i.firr

T_~0.10 ' C 10 -; 7..~",'

'1
~ ..-1 " 89='"""I
:0.:11' 10.11.:f _.
un"
I-- ,,----'

S«tion
lad..
.... I ..""'.
o."..b d
Chaoo.e/,
lI'<jpt
.,..1'00Dd.
D.dm&J
."".I ---- - -- .....---
nll"«:II'~II.h.

,
Ft.. \i.oDo1
lI'.bThi.k......

J)odn..1
- -- rractl"",,1

C , , I 15.5
13.0
2.279
2. lr,7
ZOh
2'4.
O.;,[,!)
0.437 ••
,.
"u
,.,
10.5 2.0:14
1,!)20
n~s
l'.~~ ,
O.aH
O .~'OO .",

C , , L I..~

,.,
fI,O
2.032
1.88.';
2\11.
1'%,
0.(,2
0 ..12['
1~""
,,~

1.750 I'~ O ,I~'O

••
C , • ,..
7.2.';
G.2[,
1.720
1.G47
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 CARNEG I E STEE L COM P ANY

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 CARNEOI!! STeeL COMI'ANY

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 TEES

U~EQUA L TEES-Concluded

~ ..--4':······"··"'"
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! T79
T 83
L.
--.if

Si.e,l""h.. Thid_. loch", Wei,o;b\

rer Foot,
".~ ~t.m n O.le ~tom Pound.

TO. ,, ,, . ~ 10 ''i. " . 10 ~\. 9.2

1'401 '1\.. to %
~i. to ". ~.S

,,
1'62
• 1
2 "
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". 10 ~'i • 8.5
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1'605 I ,~ ~, to~ .. 111 to %. \.25
"1'603 1', ~" XO.II '''toN02- "8~~
• F I1I1Ii!hed 001)- L)' """"il l I rrODVl''''''''.

"
 CARNEOIE STEEl. COMPANY
----
ZEES

-·-,JrT",--,:::;:;;=~ -"~~=:J
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 CARNEa!E STEEL CO ,\1!'ANV

UNITED STATES STEEL SHEET PILING

...... -:- ...

~(-+~~,",=,",=c::=M:::'~05~===:===~.•~r~.(;, ~:"'\,\,_---.. . . ...

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C.\R CENTER SILL SECTION

0.63"
o·
'ON
B 112
•

----•• -•••• --.- 1Z' •. ----. --.--------- •.• .;

Sectioa lada Widlll

l""hoo' ,--
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:101105 ,, ~ 42.5

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B 112
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38
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run \.tCl'llllbOll" "'Ille ~tioN &lid "'" oItMwllt(lO)IOI" ,,_;m.,...1e po.a:>_J~_

I ~ DIWed .. SIeo! She,1 I ~U ... " .. c.,,-", Co. Sill Serlo'...."

"
 FLOOR. PLATE S

CHECKERED PLATES

~ -~:,

i:":.~
Section at Rib

---
;\( 56 ~. .. I~ ISO
----
2SO 2134 210 31 6
M ~5 ~. ... ISO 200 :100 :100 260 26.':'
~{54 1;' 120 240 240 320 360 300 21 4
~I 53 "Ie lZO 240 240 340 360 300 18.9
"I li2 % 120 240 300 340 360 300 163
"151 0/0, 120 240 300 320 360 :100 13 8
"I 50 \~ 120 240 300 :120 360 2{0 11 2
M 49 .\~ 120 240 300 320 360 240 8.7

<-"""'croci
~~ .. tKco.
jUltO oJ vea~r l"",tbt thaD """"" i• • bon table may I:.! ..bmittfd for ,,,,,,i>l
 CARN £O I E STEEL COMPANY
---
RECTANGUI.AR AND CIRCULAR PLATES---CaroonSU'<'i

.. ...
SHEARED PLATES, THREFA' IXTEE1..'U ISClI ASD OVER, EXTREME SIZES

, ,
n..t. W..pt. _ _
_ l.bLpor
,,. ".
0;.. ..
I...... Sq. Ft.
'" 128
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240
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20.40
22.95

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211.M)
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260
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.570
000
620

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1~.
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33.111 ".
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40.80 250 300
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340 440 000
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111.00
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61.20
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220
300

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-...
2~', 91.80 150

11Iiot·
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7 .0.5 3711
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10.20 430
"·1
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470

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'""" .80 '80
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12.75
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480
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117 11

...
575

.,..... ""..., '"'" ....'" "'""'""'" """'",.."" """'""'" "'""'" ,'"'''',,.

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1.5.30 GOO
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T~. 11.85 600

.. ...... ... ............

1io 20.40 610 .30
"i.
...., '" .... ."'"..., "'""'" "" """'" "'"OS."'" ,,.,,."
22.9.5 620

.... ..... ...... ......... .... .

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• "'. 28.05
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30.60

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33. 111 j 620 6<, '" "'"
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" 35.70 020
000 ""
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140 41\.00 h80
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71.40
81 .00

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630

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400
3M!
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"'" "'" ""
' 00

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"'" "" MO \ MO '"
"'" .00
000

"'" 300
450
""" ,,''''
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400
470

'00
MaIM 48" wId~ ud wxItr ~.... allO be .olled on Ullln. .l ~hllt.
For pa~ 1eacU. ud Uninnai Mdt S.... 1ft UDi~eral Mill Plato Tabio.
Mat_'" paw.- di1l\tlllioal lhaD .,O .... ;D 01>0,," I&bIe .,.y lit IIIbmittod fortj>«LOI «>aoidentl<l4.

38
 FLAT ROLLED STEEL
-------,
RECTAXGULAR PLATES- Xickel Steel
SIIEARED PL.~Tc!. OSE-FOVRTH ISCII ASD O\'ER. EXTRn1E SIZES

---;;-
I ... be.

Vi.
102 00

I-IJ-I~~
00 84 78 72 00 GO

240 ; ; ; 280r;; 2SO 2801 ~ 1 200 ~

260 200 2,0 300 310 3 10 310 340 340 310 310
M 110 48 42 3G 30 21

% 280 3010 300 420 450 MlO 600 600 600 480 450 4110 430 430
~h 260 300 300 400 430 480 620 620 620 620 SOO 400 400 4SO "SO
li 270 3 20 3SO 420 4dO 48$ 520 620 620 {OW 600 400 400 48 0 4SO
%. 270 320 3SO 420 400 48$ 520 620 520 6 20 500 400 400 480 "SO
" 270 300 3M 300 440 4SO 620 620 620 {O2O IlOO 500 600 480 "50
'v.. 200 300 35.5 390 440 160 400 600 IiOO 500 IlOO 600 4SO 480 450
_, 200 300 3M 390 440 450 400 600 600 600 600 500 480 480 450
'%. 200 300 3M 390 440 4-10 460 "80 600 SOO 500 500 4SO 460 ""0
~i 200 300 3M 390 440 ,,"0 460 480 480 480 4SO 480 4SO 450 4"0

!~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;~:: ~~ :~ :~ :~ :~ :: ; !:!~ :~ :~
I\~
1'10
l ~,
i
240 200 290 316 330 350 360 380
230: "': 1290 200 310 330 350 370
, 220230 250 , 270300 13 10 330:!toO
300
390
370
400
300
390
400
390
300
420 420 "00 400
300 380 380 3GO
300 1' ' ' 1340 ! 320
2 12102:10
1 2110 12110 200 2M 1310 :J:JO 3.'\0 370 370 340 320 320 290

RECTA NGULAR PLAT ES:-Nickcl Steel

UNlYERSAL MILL PLATES, ONE-FOURTII INCII AND OYER. EXTREME Size;

"",.
,
,::;, 48-16 46-41 140-36 $-31 30-26 ~2() 1U-17 16-15 14-12
- -- ----
... ... ""."""'".. ~-=1 ~I ~I ,.,. '""'. ~ """'" "'"8<.
I
1\ "0 MO
~
•• ".'" '"
"0 660 000 000 1020
840 1020 1020
".
.... ... ,.,." "",,... ... ".. '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ,.,.'''''' ,.,.::1"'."....'""'.
1020 1050 1050 1020 1020 1020 000
II 000 000 1140 1200, 1200 1020 1020 1 1020 "',.
•".1\
000 000 1140 1200 1200 1020 1020 1020
000 000 1 140 1140 "'00 "'''

...'" . .""'"". ."'"'" '" ,,. ''''''''''''"'''' """'''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''' ..."0'" "...0"'.
000 ""0
," ,". ". "0 "'0 000 000 000 "'00

''..
000 000

'" " 600

7 14 800
so,
,~

...... '"~ ! .""."" ..."""" ...,.. "'"..."" ".,,."" """''''''I

<8. M'
600
M' '''''' ..0 ".
,,. ...
, '.
I~"
'"
'".
All';" of ~.,
ope:ifIo;i ~ .... ocolT.
m
;~ ~ I
tao
."
.80

". "" "" ..",., '"

.80 514 '"
~ : 710
4M) 670
"'"
"'" 90S 880

90S
s ..tel Steel !'tol<olli_ ill ~ ~ uad.., W' ",..k tItould bo
"0
"'"
660
".
Joi" lbic:k aad ....... cu btrollecllO .,!.her ~ at ,..,i&ht per "'I......
no
no

,~.

"
 CARNEO I E STE EL COM PANY

RECTANGULAR U~ IVE RSAL PLATES-Carbon Steel

{;SIVERSAL MILL PLATES, OSE-FOURTH INCH AND OVER, EXTREME SIZES

...
Thick·
,
~.,
W~h( WlcIlla &Dd Lnlg\hl im IlICh..

I~.~ ~8-4IH5-41 40-36 3&-31 3().2(l2(>.2O 19-17 l fi..lt.14-12

--_-- ---I f---
II
__

Io-Gllo

:~:~ 1020 1020 1140 1200' 1320 :~~ : : ; : : ; : : : ~ ~

n.3O 1200 1200 1320 1380 1380 1380 lOSO IOSO 1080 000 840
1
17.S:; 1320 1320 1380 ' 380 1380 1380 1080 1080 1080 000 840
20.40 1380 1380, 1380 1380 1380 1380 1080 1080 1080 1020 840
22.M 1380 1380, 1380 1380 1380 1380 1080, I~ 1080 1020 840
25.00

41).flO
1380 1380 1380 1380

~:~ : ~~ :~~ :~= :~~~ :~ :~:

40.80 1011) 101
003 005
1023
910
1380 1380

1030 103~ 1M2 ~ ~~ 10

1080

:=::
9 1(1 924 93(1 ~ ':':::':' 10
1080
1080
:= i: ::g
1m 1080 1020

000
840
840

840
840
5 1.00 8 12 814 818, 824 832 842 , 1071 1080 1080 840 840
56.10 73~ ,40 744 749' 756 ,00 07 1080 1080 840 840
61.20 (1171 679 682 6871' (100 702 89 10591 1080 840 840

~:~
76.00
~62~ ~~I :: 63~4
541 543 545 1)4 ~
640' ~~ 714
561
!~ 847
:::~ ~g ~~
1 008 600 720
81.60 007 509 511 515 5 19) 526 00 794/ OO'Looo~
 F LAT R.OLLED S TEEL

SQUARE EDGE FLATS

r
"''' 1.0 1" wIde. x Ji" too Ji" 6Ji" 1.0 6J.i" ",Ide. x 34" \.0 2J.<;"
Ovr r I" 1.0 2" wIde. x Ie" too 1,..- 631" \.0 ~" ",ide.:I 3." \.0 2~"
OWr 2" 1.0 4~" wide. :I h;" 10 2h;" 6~'" wide. " ~.. ' to 2}.j"
O"(lr 4)~" to 4n" ,,·Ide. " 3." \.0 2" 6Ji" to 734" wIde." J'" to 2"
50, 1.0 5~" ,,·Ide. " ~" \.0 3" 7~" wide. :I J.l." to 1''''
~" ",Idn. " 34" \.0 2ho" 7J.i" too 7~,,' Wide. x 3.' to I','
5).;" 10 :;~" wide. " r.'10 2',.' 7Ji" to 8" wide." 34" to IJi"
~." to 6" wide. x 3~" 10 2~"
Sizea no~ listed .JU be consIdered.

NUT STEEL F LATS

All slzea o t Nut StOOl FI!I.\.II wltbln tho range 0 1 Square Edge 1'111\.11 can be
furnished. Some o f Ihe .maller Rlzes CRII be furlllsbe(! In COllI.

BAND E DGE FLATS

f .. -.. -··-Wk:lth •••••• -, ,
I - J~Thickncn

%", wide. :I No. IS \.0 No." n. W. O.

", "
\-l.",
"Ide. :I No. 19 to No.4
wlde.:I No. 22 10 No.4
n.
n.
W. O.
W. O.

"." \.0 I".

1\'10" to 2".
2'A." to 3",
wide. x No. 23 to No.4
.ide. x No. 2\ 10 NO.4
wide. x No. 20 to No. I
n. W. O.
n. W. O.
n. W. O.
3"'." to 3\-10". wlde.:I No. 19 to No.1 n.W. O.
3"," to 4". wlde.:I No. 18 \.0 No.1 n. W. O.
4'A." to "%". wIde. x No. 17 to No. I D. W. O.
4'!i." to 5",,", wIde. x No. 16 to NO.1 n. W. C.
5~" to~", wlde.:I No.1:; to No. 0 D. W. C.
61~," to II", wlde.:I No. 14 \.0 No. 0 B. W. O.
9\ic" to 12". wIde. x No. 12 to No. 0 n. W. O.
12W' \.0 15". wide. x No. 10 to No, 0 n. W. O.
15~" to 16", wlde,:I No. 8 \.0 No. 0 n . w. O.
SI:..,., not listed will beeonsldered.

~KE LP

All llizes wIthIn the rang6 of Shea.rod Plat.oll, Un\,·crs;o.l Mill Pla~ and
Band Edge FlatH can be furnisbed.

"
 CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY

I.
SqUatel
SQUARES

D ;SIZO
SIU! U" to 2", _Iilcluah·e. advancing by 6111a.
SlUl2\,,"" to 3J.i". Inclusl,'o. ad"aodng by 32(b.
SIU!3Ji." to .5J.i". Inclusive. adnDCio& by lGlha.
C&fl ~ be rolled to declma.l dlmcndons. If 110 amuI&ed.
8qu....eI h" .nd .maller can be furnlabed In «>11lI.

ROUND CORNERED SQUARES

O=SIn
SlU! U" to ~t", lJ1c1ush'e • ..snDclD& by Gf.tbJ.

ROUNDS

O:'Sbe

SIz.e U" to lJi". Inelwd\'\~. advlUldng by G4t.bJ.

Sl~e I" .... " t{l 3Ji". IndUlIn. ad"andng by 32ds.
:;lzo3"1." to 7", Indusln. advaodng by IGtlls .
lkIund8 can allo be roll(ld to decimal dlmeodoDll. il.ll() amulled.
Round. Ji" lind smallet caD be furnlsbed 10 «>iI •.

HALF ROU~DS

Q
SOd
Size ~~" I() Ji", Inchwve. ad,·a.octng by 61tb..
SL%e '~." to ..,".Inclusl,·o. Idvanclog by lGtbJ.
Size 2". 2J.i". a'~.

HEXACONS

O.:SIn
Size }i" to I'~.", InclUJIlve, advandng by 32d1,
Size lit" to 3¥i.". inelush·e. advancing by 16tlui.
 CONCRETE BARS

COXCRETE REI~I'ORCE:\IE~T BARS

COLD TWISTED SQUARE BARS

- s...1;'n Sile. W~I~Foot. ~tion

,....
Sioe. lI'ti&;hl ,"', root.
Ind ... loch .. ',""""
""u Pound.

,~ 0.7656 2.603

F.
'.0000
3.[,\56
13.600
11.9.'i3
."
"
0.0002
0.5625
2.245
1.!l13
1-, 3.0025 10.413 0.4727 1.607
I'·, 2.0400 8.978 ,'." " 0.;1000 1.328
P, 2.2500 7.().~ ·iG 0.31&1 1.070
p,
I',
1.8000
1.5025
0.428
5.313 '"
"1.
0.2500
0.1914
0.850
0.051
p, 1.2656
"0000
4.303
3.400 ..,." 0.1400
0.0977
0.478
0.332

'". ,.'"
0.8789
'. 0.0025 0.213

Cold lwiltod b&rI",1I oolllonn to M.... "loctu ..... • Standard Speci6eatiocoo, u..... oth........., JIIl<IOifiod.

CUP BARS

!;ettion Sl~. Weicht per

h",b .. . '001. P(lU,,,;b
''''' *),1 1533 ,. 2,GO
+),1 1528
+),1
,"'" I,.
I~J 7.65
5.31
0),1 1534
0)'1 153.1
%
%
1.91
1.33
+)' 1 \.'i3\
'),1 1-532 ,'" 4 ..~
3.40
0),1 1530
0),1 1.'\,37
~
~;,
0.85
0.48
r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C AR NE OI E S T EE L

WE:IGHTS OF RECTANGULAR SECTIOXS

POUNDS PER LINEAL ~'OOT
C O I~\PAN _'_ _ _ _ __

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WEI(l HT S AN O A R,EA S 01' R,E CTANOU LAR SEC TI ONS

AREAS Oli' RECTANGULAR SECTlO ~S

SQUARE I)<;CHES
 CARNEGIE STEE L COMPANY

WEIGHTS OF RECT,\:\Cl' L.\Jl SECTIOXS--Contipucd

POUNDS PKR IJNEAL FOOT

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 CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY

WEIGHTS OF RECTANGULAR SECTIONS-Concluded

POUNDS PEU LINEAL FOOT

Thickness. Inches
Width·l.

~~,
Inches
~/1() % :Vla 1/l !}'1G %~ ~'1H .'I, I'V,G i}S
lYlG I t:V!O ~s 1~I(i I
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49 10.4 20.8 31.2 41.7 52.1 62.5 72.9 83.3 93.7 104.1 114.5, 125.0 135.4 145.8 156.2 166.6
50 10.6 21.3 31.9 42.5 53. 1 63.8 74.4 85.0 95.6 106.3 116.9' 127.5 138. 1 148.8 159.4 170.0
51 10.8 21.7 32.5 43.4 54.2 65.0 75.9 86.7 97.5 108.4 119.21 30. 1 140.9 151.7 162.6 17:3.4
52 11.1 22.1 33.2 44.2 55.3 66.3 77.4 88.4 99.5 110.5 121.6132.6 143.7 154.7 165.8 176.8
53 11.3 22.5 33.8 45.1 56.3 67.6 78.8 90.1 101.4 112.6 123.9 135.2 146.4 157.7 168.9 180.2
54 11.5 23.0 34.4 45.9 57.4 68.9 80.3 91.8 103.3 114.8 126.2 137.7 149.2 160.7 172 .1 18:1.6
55 11.7 23.4 35.1 46.8 58.4 70.1 81.8 93.5 10.1.2 116.9 128.6 140.3 151.9 163.6 175.3 187.0
56 11.9 23.8 35.7 47.6 59.5 71.4 83.3 95.2 107.1 119.0 130.9 142.8 154.7 166.6 li8.5 190.4
57 12.1 24.2 36.3 48.5 60.6 72.7 84.8 96.9 109.0 121.1 133.2 145.4 157.5 169.6 181.7 193.8
58 12.3 24.7 370 49.3 61.6 74.0 86.3 98.6 110.9 123.3 135.6 147.9 160.2 172.6 184.9 197.2
59 12.5 25.1 37.6 50.2 62.7 75.2 87.8 100.3 112.8 125.4 137.9 150.5 163.0 175.5 188.1 200.6
60 12.8 25.5 38.3 51.0 63.8 76.5 89.3 102.0 114.8 127.5 140.3 153.0 165.8 178.5 191.3 204.0
61 13.0 25.9 38.9 51.9 64.8 77.8 90.7 103.7 116.7 129.6 142.6 155.6 168.5 181.5 194.4 207.4
62 13.2 26.4 39.5 52.7 65.9 79.1 92.2 105.4 118.6 131.8 144.9 158.1 171.3 184.5 197.6 210.8
63 13.4 26.8 40.2 53.6 66.9 80.3 93.7 107.1 120.5 133.9 147.3 160.7 174.0 187.4 200.8 214.2
64 13.6 27.2 40.8 54.4 68.0 81.6 95.2 108.8 122.4 136.0 149.6 163.2 176.8 190.4 204.0 217.6
65 13.8 27.6 41.4 55.3 69.1 82.9 96.7 110.5 124.3 138.1 151.9 165.8 179.6 193.4 207.2 221.0
66 14.0 28.1 42.1 56. 1 70.1 84.2 98.2 112.2 126.2 140.3 154.3 168.3 182.3 196.4 210,4 224.4
67 14.2 28.5 42.7 57.0 7 1.2 85.4 99.7 113.9 12S.1 142.4 156.6 170.9 185.1 199.3 213.6 227.S
68 14.5 28.9 43.4 57.8 72.3 86.7 101.2 115.6 130.1 144.5 159.0 173.4 187.9 202.3 216.8 231.2
69 14.7 29.3 44.0 58.7 73.3 88.0 102.6 117.3 132.0 146.6 161.3 176.0 190.6 205.3 219.9 234.6
70 (4.9 29.8 44.6 59.5 74.4 89.3 104.1 119.0 133.9 148.8 163.6 17S.5 193.4 20S.3 223. 1 238.0
71 15.1 30.2 45.3 60.4 75.4 120.7 135.S 150.9 166.0 181.1 196.1 2 11.2 226.3 241.4
72 15.3 30.6 45.9 61.2 76.5 90'"1'05.6
91.8107.1 122.4 137.7 153.0 168.3183.6 198.9 214.2 229.5 244.8
73 15.5 31.0 46.5 62.1 77.6 93.1108.6 124.1 139.6 155.1 170.6 1186.2 201.7 217.2 232.7 248.2
74 15.7 31.5 47.2 62.9 78.6 94.4110.1 125.8 141.5 157.3 173.0 188.7 204.4 220.2 235.9 251.6
75 11>.9 31.9 47.8 63.8 79.7 95.6111.6 127.5 143.4 159.4 175.3 191.3 207.2 223.1 239. 1 255.0
76 16.2 32.3 48.5 64.6 80.8 96.9113.1 129.2 145.4 161.5 177.7 193.8 210.0 226.1 242.3 258.4
77 16.4 32.7 49.1 65.5 81.8 98.2 114.5 130.9 147.3 163.6 180.0 196.4 212.7 229. 1 245.4 261.8
78 16.6 33.2 49.7 66.3 82.9 99.5 116.0' 132.6 149.2 165.8 182.3 198.9 2 15.5 232.1 248.6 265.2
79 16.8 33.6 50.4 67.2 83.9 100.7 117.5 134.3 151.1 167.9 184.7 201.5 218.2 235.0 251.8 268.6
80 17.0 34.0 51.0 68.0 85.0 102.0 119.0 136.0 153.0 170.0 187.0 204.0 221.0 238.0 255.0 272.0
81 17.2 34.4 51.6 68.9 86.1 103.3 120.5 137.7 154.9 172.1 189.3 206.6 223.8 241.0 258.2 275.4
82 17.4 34.9 52.3 69.7 87.1 104.6 122.0 139.4 156.8 174.3 191.7 209.1 226.5 244.0 261.4 278.8

178.5 g~:N)g 232.1 249.9 267.8

83 17.6 35.3 52.9 70.6 88.2 105.8 123.5 141.1 158.7 \76.4 229.3 246.9 264.6 282.2
84 17.9 35.7 53.6 71.4 89.3 107.1 125.0 142.8 160.7 285.6
85 18.1 36.1 54.2 72.3 90.3 108.4 126.4 144.5 162.6 180.6 198.7 216.8 234.8 252.9 270.9 289.0
86 18.3 36.6 54.8 73.1 91.4 109.7 127.9 146.2 164.5 182.8 201.0 219.3 237.6 255.9 274.1 292.4
87 18.5 37.0 55.5 74.0 92.4 110.9 129.4 147.9 166.4 184.9 203.4 221.'9 240.3 258.8 277.3 295.8
88 18.7 37.4 56.1 74.8 93.5 112.2 130.9 149.6 168.3 187.0 205.7 224.4 243.1 261.8 280.5 299.2
89 18.9 37.8 56.7 75.7 94.6 113.5 132.4 151.3 170.2189.1 208.0 227.0 245.9 264.8 283.7 302.6
90 19. 1 38.3 57.4 76.5 95.6 114.8 133.9 153.0 172.1 191.3 21Q.4 229.5 248.6 267.8 286.9 306.0
91 19.3 38.7 58.0 77.4 96.7 116.0 135.4 154.7 174.0 193.4 212.7 232.1 251.4 270.7 290.1 30 J.4
92 19.6 39.1 58.7 78.2 97.8 117.3 136.9 156.4 176.0 195.5 215.1 234.6 254.2 273.7 293.3 312.8
93 19.8 39.5 59.3 79.1 98.8 118.6 138.3 158.1 177.9 197.6 217.4 237.2 256.9 276.7 296.4 316.~
94 20.0 40.0 59.9 79.9 99.9 119.9 139.8 159.8 179.8 199.8 219.7 239.7 259.7 279.7 299.6 319.6
95 20.2 40.4 60.6 80.8 100.9 121.1 141.3 161.5 181.7 201.9 222.1 242.3 262.4 282.6 302.8 323.0
96 20.4 40.8 61.2 81.6 102.0 122.4 142:8 163.2 183.6 204.0 224.4 24i·8 265.2 285.6 306.0 326.4
97 20.6 41.2 61.8 82.5 10.3.1 123.7 144.3 164.9 185.5 206.1 226.7 247.4 268.0 288.6 309.2 329.8
98 20.8 41.7 62.5 83.3 104.1 125.0145.8 166.6 187.4 208.3 229.1 249.9 270.7 291.6 3 12.4 333 .2
99 21.0 42.1 63.1 84.2 105.2 126.2147.3 168.3 189.3 210.4 231.4 252.5 273.5 294.5 315.6 336.6
100 21.3 42.5 63.8 85.0 106.3,127.5J148.8 170.0 191.3 212.5 233.8 255.0 276.3 297.5 318.8 340.0

48
 WEIGHTS AND AREAS OF RECTANGULAR SECTIONS

AREAS OF RECTANGULAR' SECTIOKS-COnC)Uded- - 1

SQUARE INCHES

ThieknC88, lnehe.
Width ,

~I~ 1~1" 1~
IDches
1
/8 %0 l/~ l}~. O % l:YIl.l %
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- - --
49 3.06 6.13 0.1012.25 15.31 18.3821.44 24.50 27.56 30.63 33.69 36.75 39.81 42.884 5.9449.00
50 3.13 6.25 0.3812.50 15.63 18.75 21.88 25.00 28.13 31.25 34.3837.50 4Q.63 43.754 6.88 50.00
28.69 31.88 35.06138.25 41.44 44.634 7.8151.00
~:~~
51 3.19 9.56 12.75 15.94 19.13 22.31 25.50
52 3.25 9.75 13.00 16.25 19.50 22.75 26.00 29.25 32.50 35.7539.00 42.25 45.50 48.7552.00
1
53 3.31 6.63 0.9413.25 16.56 19.88 23.10 26.50 29.81 33.13 36.4439.75 43.06 46.384 9.6953.00
54 3.38 6.75 10.13(3.50 16.88 20.2523.63 27.00 30.38 33.75 37.13 40.50 43.88 47.255 0.6354.00
55 3.44 6.88 10.31 13.75 17.10 20.6324.0627.50 30.94 34.38 37.81 41.25 44.69 48.135 1.5655.00
56 3.50 7.00 10.5014.00 17.50 21.0024.5028.00 31.50 35.00 38.50 42.00 45.50 49 .00 52.5056.00

U~I ~~:~~
57 3.56 7.13 10.6914.25 17.81 21.38 24.9428.50 32.06 35.63 30.19 42.75 46.31 49.885
58 3.63 7.25 10.8814.50 18.13 21.7525.3829.00 32.63 36.25 39.88 43.50 47.13 50.755
50 3.69 7.38 11.0614.75 18.44 22.1325.81 29.5U 33.19 36.88 40.56 44.25 47.94 51.635 5.3159.00
1
60 3.75 7.50 11.25 15.00 18.75 22.5026.25 30.00 33.75 37.50 41.25 45.00 48.75 52.5056.2560.00
3.81 1
7.63 11.4415.25 19.06 22.88 26.69 30.50 34.31 38.13 41.94 45.75 49.56 53.3857.1961.00
61
42.63 46.50 50.38 54.255 8.1362.00
g:~~I:~:~~
62 3.88 7.75 19.38 23.25 27.1331.00 34.88 38.75
63 3.94 7.88 10.60 23.63 27.5631.50 35.44 39.38 43.31 47.25 51.19 55.135 9.0663.00
64 4.00 8.00 12.00116.0020.00 24.0028.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 44.00 48.00 52.00 56.00 60.00 64.00
56.8860.9465.00
~g~I~~:~~
65 ·1.06 8.13 12.1916.2520.31 32.50 36.56 40.63 44.69 48.7.5 52.81
66 4.13 8.25 12.38 16.5020.63 33.00 37.13 41.25 45.38 49.50 53.63 57.756 1.8866.00
67 4.19 8.38 12.5616.75 20.94 25.13 29.31 33.50 37.69 41.88 46.06 50.25 54.44 58.63 62.8167.00
68 4.25 8.50 12.75 17.00 21.25 25.50 29.75 34.00 38.25 42.50 46.75 51.00 55.25 59.506 3.7568.00
1
60 4.31 8.63 12.0417.25 21.56 25.88 30.19 34.50 38.81 43.13 47.44 51.75 56.06 60.386Ug 69.00
70 4.38 8.75 13.1317.50 21.88 26.25 30.63135.00 39.38 43.75 48.1 3 52.50 56.88 61.256 5.6370.00
71 4.44 8.88 13.3117.75 22.19 26.63 31.0635.50 30.94 44.38 48.81 53.25 57.69 62.136 6.5671.00
72 4.50 0.00 13.50 18.00 22.50 27.00 31.50 36.00 40.50 45.00 40.50 54.00 58.50 63.00 67.5072.00
73 4.56 9.13 13.6918.25
1 22.81 27.38 31.04 36.50 41.06 45.63 50.19 54.75 59.31 63.88 68.44 73.00
74 4.63 9.25 13.88 18.50 23.13 27.75 32.38 37.00 41.63 46.25 50.88 55.50 60.13 64.7569.3874.00
75 4.69 9.38 14.0618.75 23.44 28.13 32.81 37.50 42.19 46.88 51.56 56.25 60.94 65.6370.31 75.00
76 4.75 9.50 14.25110.0023.7528.5033.25138.00 42.75 47.5052.2557.00 61.75 66.507 1.2576.00
77 4.81 9.63 14.4419.2524.0628.8833.6038.50 43.31 48.1352.0457.75 62.56 67.387 2.1977.00
78 4.88 9.75 14.6319.50 24.38129.2534.1339.00 43.8848.7553.6358.5063.38 68.257 3.1378.00
69.137 4.0679.00
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79 4.94 9.88 44.44 49.38 54.31 59.25 64.19
80 5.00 10.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.0080.00
81 5.06 10.13 15.19120.25125.3130.38135.4440.50 45.5650.6355.60 60.75 65.81 70.887 5.9481.00
82 5.13 10.25 15.3820.5025.6330.7535.88 41.00 46.13 51.25 56.38 61.50 66.63 71.757 6.8882.00
83 5.19 10.38 15.5620.75 125.9431.1336.31 41.50 46.6g 51.88 57.06 62.25 67.44 72.63 77.8183.00
84 5.25 10.50 15.7512 1.00126.2531.50136.7542.00 47.2552.5057.7563.00 68.25 73.5078.7584.00
85 5.31 10.63 15.9421.2526.56 31.8&137.1042.50 47.8153.1358.4463.7569.06 74.38 70.6985.00
86 5.38 10.75 16.1 3 21.50126.68 32.25 137.63 43.00 48.3853.7559.1364.5069.88 75.2580.6386.00
87 5.44 10.88 16.3121.7527.1932.6338.0643.50 48.94 54.3850.81 65.2570.69 76.138 1.5687.00
88 5.50 11.00 16.5022.0027.50 33.00 38.50 44.00 49.5055.00 60.50 66.00 71.50 77.0082.5088.00
1 50.0655.6361.1966.7572.31 77.88 83.4489.00
89 5.56 11.13 16.6922.2527.8133.3838.9444.50
90 5.63 11.25 16.8822 50t8.13 33.7539.38145.00 50.6356.2561.88 67.50 73.13 78.75 8 4.3890.00
91 5.69 11.38 17.Q622.7528.4434.1339.8145.50 51.1956.88 62.56 68.25 73.04 79.63 85.31 91.00
92 5.75 11.50 17.2523.0028.7534.5040.2546.00 51.7557.5063.2569.00 74.75 80.508 6.25 92.00
93 5.81 11.63 17.4423.2529.0634.88 40.6946.50 52.31 58.13 63.94 69.75 75.56 81.3887.1S 93.00
94 5.88 11.75 17.6323.5029.3835.2541.1347.00 52.8858.75 64.63 70.50 76.38 82.2588.1394.00
95 5.94 11.88 17.8123.75~9.69 35.6341.5647.50 53.4459.3865.3171.2577.19 83.138 9.0695.00
96 6.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 0.00 36.00142.00 48.00 54.00 60.00 66.00 72.00 78.00 84.00 90.00 96.00
97 6.06 12.13 18.1924.2530.3136.3842.4448.50 54.56 60.63 66.69 72.75 78.81 84.8890.0497.00
98 6.13 12.25 18.3824.50 30.6336.7542.88 49.00 55.1361.2567.3873.5079.63 85.759 1.8898.00
90 6.19 12.38 18.5624.7530.94 37.1343.31 40.50 55.69 61.88 68.06 74.25 80.44 86.63 92.81 99.00
100 6.25 12.50 18.7525.0031.2537.5043.7550.00
1
56.2562.50168.7575.00 81.25 87.5093.75 100.0

49
 (;ARNEO I E STeE L COM PANY
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11.170
11.1)[':1
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78,74
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17.721
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12.763 10.024 3.76:19 2.fI4ga 1I2.IsH 65.10 24.37f1 1H. 147

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14.4a:1
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1I.3MI 4.25:10 a.:1410
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" 85.00
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li. 10.270 12.778 4.7&;2 3.76113 1I!.40 71.b(I26 .910 2t.l35

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18.182
13.619
14.280 5,3477 ..""'"
5.002:, 3.9701
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21.2.50
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IOO.t.:l '8.M 29.00(1 23.221
102.M 80.78 30.2.50 23.748
•• 22.326 17.634 6.!tG64 [,.1572
... 10.5.20 82.02 30.941 24.301

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11 2,41
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21J. 10:\ 22.072 8.20.'",(1 0.4<118
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114.1:17 00.22 33.,8:; 20.[.35
117.3f. 92.17 34.5 10 27.10'J
29.3:i8 2:1.().I2 1I.028!.1 6.7771 ''1\. 111).8(; \)4. 14 ~.2M 27.CbS
"'.000 24.033 19.0000 ,.- 6 1 122.40 90. 13 30.000 28.274

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20031 204.4r. 1(L~O:I 00.la2 'h 4611 .41 1368.G8 138.00..1 108,434
264,0-1 201.:.s 71.660 00."" '~G 474.42 :172.01 131).53!> 100.1'>1l1
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.~~~~~------

"
 TABLE OF RAILS AND ACCESSORIES
~ .>: 1
'0; 1 '" One Rail Joint 1 Accessories for 1000 Tons of Rails II Material for One Mile of Single Track
c; P:i -~
0"
'0 '0.
0 III en I Weight in Pounds
~."
" .,.'" c; Number Weight in Gross Tons
..c~ ~- c; c;
~ ~.;
en ;::l~ Q'J d ::I _'C
=~'"
'a~ 'iii~ 'C; d C '0 <:.> '0 ~ :: ~ ~ ~ ~"t
N ~ ~ _'i:
."
:::: II:
~
III
..".,.
-,<",
.~ '"
U5
-;::-~n"
~~ :"'5 :::0. ",Ill Z .>: ' III Z -" "Sj
Z
0; ;:;;"Q.
ClJ c:.> ~ ~
.::z
~6 ~ ~ .!'s,
.= ~ II
'0. '0. gJ -as
Pl'" Lbs. In. In. In.
'"
In. In.
,r$~I ,w;;'I~i °1 TO; ~~ Iz. I
=8 :ti
&:!~"O en
~~ '0 en
8 :ti
III ~ j'O U1
-0
E-- g ~o
~ I P:i
8~ ~ ~8 '" III '" III -< ~U II ~~ l~J~I I ~'"
"'~--- --
REA VY RAILS-Basis of table, 90% furnished 33 ft. and 10% not leBS than 24 ft. long, varying by full feet. Ties 22 in. centers, 2880 ties per mile ()
13031 130 6% 5% 24 Ijx6 15%X~tIO[! 89'25~11'32100'571 15966384'56390 63.5n.07I, 14.81 86.471 326 1304,11520 12.!l91.65 3.0317.671204.28 221.95 ,.,>
10040 100 5% 5% 34 1 x4%5%x9,1. 85.65 9.70 95.35, 2075 12450 7331279.338.9819.25107.56 326 1956,1152012.471.413.03116.91157.14174.05
10030 100 54 '/0,5%. 34 1 x4%15Y2x9,10 91.62 9.70101.32 2075 12450 7331284.878.9819.25113.10 326 19561115201,1 13.331.4113.0317.77 157.14,174.91 2
10020 100 6 5Yo 34 1 x4%15%x9,1.' 103.94 9.70111:1.641 2075 12450 73312 196.2818.98[19.25124.511 326 195611520, 15.121.41 3.0319.56157.14176.70 til
9040 90 50/0 50/0 34 1 x4o/s 5~2X%6 72.74 ~ 9.40, 82.14 2305 13830 81448 74.85,9.6721.39105.91 326 195611520, 10.591.373.0314.99141.43156.42
1 o
9030 90 51%. 4'''Y04 34 1 X4%115%X9,10II 2305 13830 814481•79.78,9.98121.39111.15 1 326 1956111520111.281.4113.0315.72141.43,157.15 til
9020 90 5% 5'18 !34 1 x4%5%x9,1o 90.511l1 9.52100.03 2305 13830 8144893.14 1 9.80 21.39124.33, 326 1956115~QI 13.171 1.3913.0317.59141.431 159.02
8040 80 5 5 34 ~8X4'/s15%X9,1'1 62.58
nJ '.","'~'I
8540 85 5%. 5~'16 134 %x4'/o 5%x9,1o 67.56 <0 6.90 74.46: 2441 14646 86248 n.62 7.52 22.65103.79 326 1956115:ru 9.831.00 3.0313.86133.57147.43
6.90 69.481 259~1 15558 91640 172.4417.98124.06104.481 326 1956:115201 9.111.0013.0313.14125.71138.85
(JJ
..,
til
7540 75 41%0 41 %.34 %x4 5%x%. 57.97 6.74 64.71 276t>: 16596 97744 71.588.3225.67105.571 326 195611520, 8.441 .98,3.0312.45117.86130.31 til
""'" 7040 70 %,x3% 5~~x"h.1 54.64 4.56 59.20, 2964 17784104728 72.30 b.03 27.50 105.83 326 195611520' 7.95 .663.0311.64110.00 121.64 r
6540 65 4%
4'V!0 14%
4%6 134
24 %,x3%11 5Vzx%01 35.55 2.98 38.53!' 3192[ 1276811128081', 50.66(4.25129.6 84.53 326 13041115201 5.17 .43:3.03! 8.631102.141110.i7
~
6040 60 4\4 414 24 %x3%5%x%. 32.40'0 2.9311 35.33 1 34571 138281122176 50.004.5232.08 86.6~ 326 130411520 4.72 .433.03 8.18 94 29102.47 n
5540 55 4110 4110 24 %,x30/0!5Y,x9,161 28.901l1 2.91 31.81 3772 15088133288'1 48.6714.901135.00 88.5~1 326 130411520'1 4.21 1 .423.03 7.66 86.43 94.09 o
5040 50 3% 3% 24 %,x3'/s 5%xl)101 25.50"" 2.78, 28.28 4149 16596146620 47.235.1538.50 90.88, 326 130411520 . 3.71 .403.03 7.14 78.57 85.71 ~
"0
LIGHT RAILS-Basis of table 90% furnished 30 ft. and 10% not leBS than 20 ft. long. Ties 24 in. centers, 2640 ties per mile >
454045-~I ' 1~i631v..,-62~X3 151"':<%.1 2.72 21.47, 5148 20592149344' 43.09 6.25 39.22 88.56' 364 145610560' 3.05 .442.77 6.26 70.7et6.97 2
4040 40 3~'" 3% 20 %,x2% 5 x'/o 1875! 16 !O 266 1876 5791 23164 167992 ,41.62 6.88 3060 79.101 364 14561105601 2.62 .4311.92 4.97[ 62.86 67.83 -<
3540 35 3~1. 3~10 16l/8 %x2Vo'4%x¥. 1210 1
1.60 13701 6618 26472,192000 1 1
1135.79 4.73 31.97 72.49 364 145610560 1.97 .261.76 3.99 55.00 58.99
3040 30 3~s 3"/s 16"/s %,2v" 4 x'/o 10 45, ~ 1.60 1205i 7722 30888,22401236.0215.51133.33 74.86! 364 1456110560 1.70 .26 1.57 3.53 47.14 50.67
2540 25 2%. 2%. 16'/s '/ox2"/s 4 x~~ 570:: 1
2040 20 2% 2% 16'/s %x2 13¥ox% 4.86~ 1
:~~ ~.g~l l~~~t ~~~~~I~~mM~·m·g~ :~.~ ~nr ~~! l!~~ l~~~g :~~ :IN:~~ ~:~: ~n~ ~5:~~
1640 16 12% 2% 16'/s%xl0/.13'/ox% .80 5.1614479 57916420048281815.17131.88 65231' 364 1456105601 .71 .13 .80 1.64 25.14 26.78
'1440 14 i2hO 2~10 16'/s'/oxl%,3 x% 4.36!""
3.44 .80 4.24;1 16545 66180,480000 125.4115.9131.93 63.25 364 1456:10560 .56 .13 .70 1.3922.00 23.39
1240 12 2 2 16~ '/ox1%, 3 x% 3.44 .80 4.2419300 7720055991629.646.8937.24 73.17, 364 145610560 .56 .13 .70 1.39 18.86 20.25
'1040 10 I%. I%. 16%!%xlYJ 2'/ox')10 2.60 .45 3.05, 23155 92620,67175626.88i4.65!26.99 58.52' 364 1456110560 .42 .07.42 .91 1 15.72 16.63
~L I0ho 1'}10 16%,%xJ1!e2%x')10 2.00 ~~45 2805811.5832840006 25.865.82 33.75 65.4~364 145610560, .33 .07.42 .82 12.57 13.39
Number and weight o[ accessories do not allow for any excess. "Not rolled by Carnegie Steel Comp,"y.
 TABLE OF RAILS AND ACCESSORIES-Concluded
v
~'il
0 $Xl _ "'" ;::
0
~
....
One Rail Joint AccessorIes for 1000 Tons of Ralls 1 Material for One Mile of-Single Track
§
.~

Jj -i~ j~ -0 i~ ~ .:~iglbt~npOI SSTonl;;£

.§ Z
~~ ~ ~ §~.;~
~ ~~ U~d~ ~ ~ INltel r ifi \v~lgl
~~ ~~ ~~ Z ~ Z ~ "; 5 ~~ z ~ ~
h~nIGrOSSI T~~SII ~ 'ENI U~lbel r I ~ l~eilg~~ilnGiOI
'3::; ~ ~..=:
'il ____ __
~~ _ _U1_ _ _ _ U1 g8 ~Z ~ S' ; 8 ~ ~ 8 !f ~ ~ ~ ; 8 .5 ], 8 ~ Co ~ ~ go
~ :.::: 0 0 ~..::: -0 CJ] :.:: 00
(3 p.."::: "0 UJ. ..: --' UJ. 0
-0 ~ g
8 g~ ....."
Lbs. In. In. In. In. In. OJ5' ~ E-;<..l I J5' ~ J5' ~ -< J5' ~ J5'.3 1 1 -< ~<. l
HEAVY RAILS-Basis of table, 89% furnished 39 ft. and 11 % not less tban 24 ft. long, varying by full feet. Ties 22 in. centers, 2880 ties per mile.
;:0

1 1 >
15025 1150.45 17% 6% 32 I 16 xo/s 1147.00 4 Iuso! 4720 48727 77.44\ \1 279
Iw~;- 11520~ r
If!
6 x% 1282 52924 1 17.57 279
14025 1138.527 61A
1l16111520 1 3.82: - 1\236.42
217.67
13633136 17 6'12 281 PIsX6 16 XO/S 114.85 6 16.98131.831306 783653905 166.96 9.90117.89 94.75, 279 1674111520 14.312.123.8220.25 1213.71 1233.96 >
1 1 2
13031 130 6% 5;~ 24 ] ;Sx6 6 x% 83.50 4 11.32 94.82 1366 54645639150.926.90 18 72 76.54 279 111611520 10.401.413.8215.63204.29219.92 o
13025 129.64 6%, 6 1
25 1Vsx61A 6 x% 109.74 411.10120.84 1370 548056548 :67.12 6.7+877 92.68! 279 111611520 113.671.383.82118.87 203.72 222.59
'"w 12722127.3 !7 6;~ 38 %X4%16 x% 127.40 6 7.38134.78 1395 837057539 79 341!4 6O!19.12103.06 279 1674 11520 15.870.923.82 20.61 200.04 220.65
>
()
6 x% 1469 60651 1 20.13 1 279 1152011 .82 189.94 ()
1202512o.8716Yo 5~~
1152-3115 6% 5% 38 %x4%6 x% 110.99 6 7.38118.371544 9264637457650,50921.16102.75 279 16741
111520113.8310.92 .82118.57180.72 1199.29 m
1 If!
24 1 x5 6 x% 66.35 7.14 73.491609 64366642847.66 15.1322.05 74.84' 279 111611520 8.260.893.8212.97173.42186.39 If!
11025110.3661A 5'12 1 1
10524104.4 6 5,,~ 38 1o/16X4%16 x% 95.85 8.63104.48 1170110206702191172.7916.55 23.31102.65 1\ 279 1674!U520I!11.941.07 3.8216.83 164.06 180.S0
o
1 ;:0
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 RA I L CLIPS

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r r - ; - - -- ,
,
~~(';-1 , No. 128
..No. 120

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:\1\8, .M 20. ;>.127 0&0 to 2J lb. A.!o'. (' ••:.
).121. :\125. :\129 100 10 GO lb. A.~. C. E.
:\'21, .:'>12'>, :\129 ',"""" ', •• '3I1,~'. AA". ~,',o..!J,aL~,
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 CARNEOJE STEEL COI~\PANV
,--------"'-"'-
GENERAL ~OTATION l~ FOR:\TU LAS
The following notation applies to formullUl Rnd table~ for
elements or physical properties of sections, also to flexure formulas
and other data given for beams under various loading conditions:
A _A rea of section, in square inches.
n = Distance from center line of gravity to extreme fiber, in inches.
I =:\ Ioment of inertia about center line of gravity, in inches l .
:\1.,=Static moment, in inehes 8 •
S =Section modulus, in inehes 3 •
r = Radius of gyration, in inches.
f =Bending stress in cxtreme fiber, in pounds per squure inch.
fb _Iksista nce of web, in pounds per square inch.
E = :\Iodulllll of elRlltieity, in pounds per square inch.
L _Len gth of section, in feet.
I ==Length of section, in inches.
W, W" \V2=Superimposed loads supported by beam, in pounds.
w =Superimposed load, in pounds per unit length or area.
""rna:,, =;\Iaximuffi safc load at point given, in pounds.
R, R! = Ikactions at points of support, in pounds.
V ~Ve rticaI8hear, in pounds.
]1,1, ;'<'h, Mll="Bending moments at points given, in inch pounds.
:\rrmu: =:\Iaximurn bending moment, in inch pounds.
!\Jr l\Iaximum resisting moment, in inch pounds.
D, D1 = Defleelions at points given, in inches.
Dm.il.J: = l\1aximum deflection at point given, in inches.
The common relations existing between the properties of any
shape of uniform er05S section are the following:
I = Ar a r= \ if· S-=~
The moment of inertia, 1', referred to an axis not eoincidt'nt
with but parallel to the neutral axis of the soetion, when 1. is Ihe
perpendicular distance between these two axee, is: P _ I +A z2
The moment of resistance of the internal stresses of a beam
resisting flexure must be equal to the moment of the e)[ternal forces
producing bending.
f-k-
~II" =" i\lma:< = = f S.
T he moment of resistance and the bending moment must, there-
fore, be expre8S(ld in same units of moment, force x length, generally
in inch-pounds.
The modulus of elasticity is the ratio between unit stress and
the elongation caused by that stress in one unit of length, Ul) to
the elflStic limit; for steel the modulus of elasticity is 2'.),000,000
pounds per square inch.
68
 "0
ELEMENTS OF SECT I ONS
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r CARNEOIE STEEL COMPANY

C O;\IPOUN D SEO TIO :-;S

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 ELEMENTS 01' SECTI ONS

COMPOOND SECT JO ~s:..collciuded

21 EUKPI..>I 2. ~uinld lite _lDaIto 01 inertia ODd radii of

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_ _J I propertieo 10 be buod on !.be &fOIl ...lion, no dedue(iQ.
be~ madelor Il0l. .

o.lftmioo lbe d........ s. of "".10. li_ 01 ,.I.ill for

th nriouI ... tio.. fl"OlJl the _Vol uet I_I ODd 2-2. io
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5.52

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fro .. "outn.l .... I_I ODd z..2 io.coord ......... ith lite dimeoaio",
'i ..... I...... for

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38Il.32
3611.71
38Il.32 I... b.. •
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5.1~ I ... b..

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CARNEG IE STI:ELC ~'~A~'CV
,-- _______ -,
ELE) IEXTS OF STIU,;CfUR.\L BE.U1S

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1-. .
8.048 0.708 aOiO.8 0.26
--
200.0 ....
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11ft.0 3:1.61 7.087 , 0.137 290&0.3 9.33 245.0 82.8 1.37
"" " 110.0
103,0
32.18
30.98
7.025 0.673
7.873 0.62.5
2869.1 9.44
2811.6, O.~
239.1 SO., \.l18
234.3 78.0 OJ.'
100.0
"'." 7.247 0.741 2371.89.03 107.6
05.0 21.79 7.186 0.6S6 2301.5 9.08 HII.8
00.' 26.30 7.124 0.624 2230.1 0.21 185.8
48.-1
47.0 ...'""
13.-1
13.0
45.& 1.32 12.8
B I
" • ..0 24,84 0.563'21f>!).8' O.33 180.0
''''''
70.0 23.33 '.000 0.300 12087.2 0.46 173.0
·H .2 1.:13 12.3
42.0 1.36 12.2

B , . 100.0 ".OJ
03.0 27.74
.,..
00.' 26.26
7.273 0.873 1648.37.51 164.8 62.4 1.34 14.4
"'00 0.800 .509.7 7.M! 160.0
7 . 126 10 .• 26 IMoO.3 7.68 IM.O 48.7
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14.0
13.7 ".
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24.80 7.053 , 0.653 1501.77.78 150.2 47.0 " . U.s
81.4 23.74 '.000 146.6 45.8 1.39 13.1

D , ., '.000
750 21.00 6391 0.641 1263 r. 7,00 126.3 30.1 1.17
70.0 20.42 6.3l? 0.567 12 14.27.71 121,4 28.0 1. 111
'M 10.08 6.250 O,lIOO 1160.5,7.83
, 116.0 27.0 11.21
•.•••,
fl.4

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B"
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00.' 26.29 7.236 0.700 12116.56.91 130.6 51.0 1.40 14.3
24.81 7.134 0.7 14 1216.67.00 133.2 40. 8 1.-12 14.0
SO., 2:1.34 •. 072 0.632 1176.87.10 130.8 41.9 1.-13 13.6
73.6 22.04

"' .. '.000 0.500 1141.8,7.20 126.0 ... 1.46 13.2

"'.. ,.,
0173670 iOl.O 24.3 ..00
B
• " "'.
700
M.'
6 251 0711
18.{18 6.169 0.629
17.50 6.087 0.M7
877.'" 6.80 97.5 1.11
837.86.U2 03.1 22.3 1.13
"
,.,
34.7 111.04 '.000 0.460 705.~ 7.U7 88.4 21.2 1.15 U

B ,
" "'.•
.6.0 21.65 6,278 0.868
70.0 20.38 6.180 0.770
.M 18.0 1 6.082 0.672 632. 1 5.78
17.68 '.000 0.500
687. 11.6 1
MO.II' 6.69

609.03.81
... "., .... ..,•••,..,..
U1.6 30.6 1.1 8
87.9 28,8 1.10

8 1.2 26.0 1.21

,.... ..... '" ..",

B ,
"
".0
00.'
"5.0
16.06 6,738 0.648
14.69 0 .650
13.12 6.642 0.452
42.9 12.40 MOO 0.410

-
"
008.76.63
481.1 6.74
433.11 3.88
141.83.95
117.8 1 17 .0
64.2 lito
60.5 16.0 1.07
68.9 14.6 1.08 ..
8.< 1
 ~L~MENTS OF _S
: '::CC
TC':O:NCS'-________________l

ELE:\ IEXTS OF ST IWCTUltAL BEAMS-Concluded

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11.1.7 6.477 0.687 301.6 4.M ",.,
284.1 47~1
11 .84 t..2.>O 0,400 268.9 4.77 44.8

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17.3
16.0
14 .8
13.8
1.01

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1.05 '.S
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1.08

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10,20 5.078 0.428 227.0 4 .72 37.8 10.0
MOO 0 .350 21(;.8 36.0 . .. " 1.01
40.0
35.0
11.69 6.091 0 .701 1
10.22 4.U4 0. 60"
168.0
14li.8
3.68 31.6
3.78 ,.., .A
,.,..
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' .00 3.'
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25.4 W ......
8.7~ 4.7117 0.4,17
0.310
133 ..~
122. 1
3.9 1 26.7
4.07 24.4
0.01
0 ,93
0.07 '.0

1111 , 30.0
30.0
25.0
21.8
10.22
8.76
7.28
6.32
4 .764 0.724 II 1.3 3.30 2·1.7

..
4.001 0.00 1 101.4 3.40 22 ....
4 .43 7 0.397 01.4 3.54 20.3
4 .330 "", 84.0 13.67 18,0
"
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s.o
0,84
0.8li
0.88 2,{;
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D 12 , ,..,
211.li
23.0
7. 434.2620.632
6.71 -1.171 0.-141
11.97 4.071t 0.349
64. 2 ....
68. 1 13.oa 170
16.0
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BO' 3.18 1(;.1
4.7

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0.82 ,'". ..,
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0.84

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17.11 '.00 3.7M 0.3411 38.9 2,77 ; 11.1
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4.43 3."" 0.'" 36.' '.SO 10.4 0.78 ,~

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17.211
14.76 .... "'., .....
11.02 0.4611
3 .443 0.3-13 33.' .... ,. ,.,
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26.0 2.28
7.9
0.68
0.69 ..,
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0.72 LO

,.., .., .., ...,

14.7.5 3.284 0.494 1t..O 1.87 B.S3
D1 J 0 12.25 3.M 3. 137 0.317 13.5 1.95 O.G I
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10,0

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2.87 ' 3.000 0.210 12.1
....... .... 0.82

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1O.t. 3." 2.870 0.-100 7. 1 1.52 3.0 0.t.7 0 .70
• ... ....
• OG 2.76 2.796 0.320 6.7 ! I.MI '.3 0 .0 1 0 .58
U 2.-16 2.723 ". 6.3 1.60 3.' 0 .68 0 .61
7.7 2.21 0.100 '.0 1.64 0.77 0.118

.H 3
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1.88 ' 2 .411 0. 2.'11
0.170
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0,59 O.M! 0.47
0.5\ 0 .(;2 0.43
0.-16 0.03 0.40

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 CARN2Q I 2 S TEEL COMP,., N
' -'
Y_ _ _ __

ELEMENTS OF H BEAMS

.~ I'

.......
,....
n. 8
377 11.00 IU25 0 .000 120.8 3.31
U.J 10. 00 '.000 O.J75 11 5.5 J.40
30.2
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36.9 0.' "
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I
32.6 O.Ml I7.00S 0.313 112.8 3.45 ,g., 34.2 0." 8'
20.7 7.70 6.12.5 0.43S 47.4 2 .47 15.8 15.7 1.42 S. ,
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5.47 5.000 0.3 IJ
44.0 2.M!
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14.7 14.2 1.46
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ELEMENTS OF U. S. STEEL SHEET PILING SECTIONS

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 CA R N EO I I! STEEL COMPANY

ELEMENTS OF SHI P BUILD ING C HANNELS

American Standard Sccti oll!>

Mio [·1
,.

1 ~;rt_~~ll~~I I'." I.
088
0.8;
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0.00
1.04
1.&1
1.06
1.07

76
 ELEMENTS OF SEC TI ONS

ELEMEKTS OF SHIP BUILDING CHANKELS

Americlln Stnndar-d ScetiOllll

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Ch
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jItt s:,. of ~.;
Foot , taoro Itlaac \\eb I r ~ I r S ~
In. u... ' in " ID h•. In- In. , ID.I ~ ~~~
25.0 7.30 .~~ ,:::'92' 49.\) 2.62 14.3 8.3 1.07 3.2 1.06
C .. 7 22.7 6.00 .~.t:'; 47 .1 2.67 13.5 7.5 1.07 3.0 ],07
(SSC JO) 20.J 5.90 .500,~.~~0 44.1 1.74 U.6 6.7 1.07 1.8 1.09
1 '9.1 a.55 .450(}."", 42.8 12.78 12.2 6.3 1.07 2.7 1.11
20.0 5 .82 .• 00\:..47. 40.2 2.6.1 11. 5 4.7 0.00 2.1 0.88
COO 7 11.6 S. U J.OOOO.l75 l7 ..l 1.70 10.7 4.1 0 .90 1.0 0.'0
(BSU) 16.4 4.77 .9WO.32. 35.0 2.74 10.2 3.9 0.00 1.9 0.1)]
22.0 6.42 . .7~ .'j7.~
33.0 2.27 1 \.0 7.6 1.09 2.9 1.12
COO G 20.0 5.$2 .(j(M)p.47r. 31.2 2.32 10.4 G.9 1.00 2.8 1.13
(SSC') 18.0 !.11J.5000 .l75 19.4 1.l8 9.8 6. 1 1.08 1.6 1. 15

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5
6 :::: :::: :::: ::: ::: :::
c '''''
C" 6 I6 . J 4.75 .000 0. J75 ]5.8 l.ll 8.6 4. 0 0.9 1 1.9 0 .9 5
(BSC 7) I S.I 4 .31 .1.I38f.31324.7 2.38 8.2 3.6 0.91 1.8 0.97
C<' o 13.3 3.00 .50.1fl.37 Hl .7 2.25 0.0 2.1 0.14 1.2 0.71
(BSC51 U .O J.U .5000.lU 18.6 l.lO , 6.1 1.0 0.75 1.1 0.71

ELEMENTS OF CAR BUiLDI KG CHANNELS

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45.0 13. 1 8~.2980.0731292.0 4 .71
40.0 11.71 .18.50.M:iO,271.44.82
37.0 1O.82~. 1 170.492, 26!1. 4.89
48.1
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4 \.7
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13.0
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3 1.8 9.30 4.0000.375 2.17 ~ 5.0.'> 11.6 \.01
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46.6 13.621'!.0500.7502:>5.8
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40.0 11.703.8oo0.MlO232.8
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ELE;-'IENTS OJo' EQUA L AXGLE;;

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1lI. I!M£NTS 0' SI!CTIONS

ELE1\IJ~~T$ OF EQUAL AXCLES-Concludcd

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"
 CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY

ELEMENTS OF UNEQUAL ANGLES

,I •

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.
-3
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I .
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I Size I ]~ I ~~
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Area
of
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Axis I-I
----
Axis 2-2 Axis
3-3
.~] ~ ~ lion I r S x I r ~ I_Y_ rlllil;~
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__I IllCh~ I~ Lbs. In.' In. In."
-
In. In.- In.
-
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----
I 44.2 13.00 80.8 2.49 15.1 2.65 38.8 1.73 8 .9 1.65 1.28
,,~"41.7 12.25 76.6 2.50 14.3 2.63 36.8 1.73 8 .4 1.63 1.28
~~ 39.1 11.48 72.3 2.51 13.4 2.61 34.9 1.74 7.9 1.61 1.28
'%o 36.5 10.72 67.9 2.52 12.5 2.59 32.8 1.75 7.4 1.59 1.29
A 188
I X 6
% 33.8
'Jho31.2
9.94
9.15
63.4
58.8
2.53
2.54
11.7
10.8
2.56
2.54
30.7
28.6
1.76
1.77
6 .9
6.4
1.56
1.54
1.29
1.29
% 28.5 8.36 54.1 2.54 9.9 2.52 26.3 1.77 5.9 1.52 1.30
!~" 25.7 7.56 49.3 2.55 8.9 2.50 24.0 1.78 5.3 1.50 1.30
% / 23.0 6.75 44.3 2.56 8.0 2.47 21.7 1.79 4.8 1.47 1.30
"ho 20.2 5.93 39.2 2.57 7.1 2.45 19.3 1.80 4.2 1.45 1.30
0.92 0.73
" 1 35.7 10.50 66.2 2.51 13.7 3.17
33.7 9.90 62.9 2.52 12.9 3.14
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7.8
7.4
0.86
0.87
3.0
2.9 0.89 0.73
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"Yto 29.6 8.68 55.9 2.54 11.4 3.10 6.7 0.88 2.5 0 .85 0.73
% 27.5 8.06 52.3 2.55 10.6 3.07 6.3 0.88 2.3 0.82 0.73
A 53 8 X 3)1 'Yio 25.3 7.43 48.5 2.56 9.8 3.05 5.9 0.89 2.2 0.80 0.73
f}s 23.2 6.80 44.7 2.57 9.0 3.03 5.4 0.90 2.0 0.78 0.74
'~ 6 21.0 6.15 40.8 2.57 8.2 3.00 5.0 0.90 1.8 0.75 0.74
% 18.7 5.50 36.7 2.r..S 7.3 2.98 4.5 0.91 1.6 0.73 0.74
%0 16.5 4.84 32.5 2.59 6.4 2.95 4.1 0.92 1.5 0.70 0.74
1 32.3 9.50 45.4 2.19 10.6 2.71 7.5 0.89 3.0 0.96 0.74
lr,16 30.5 8.97 43.1 2.19 10.0 2.69 7.2 0.89 2.8 0.94 0.74
% 28.7 8.42 40.8 2.20 9.4 2.66 6.8 0.90 2.6 0.91 0 .74
'%026.8 7.87 38.4 2.21 8.8 2.64 6.5 0.91 2.5 0.89 0.74
% 1 24 .9 7.31 36.0 2.22 8.2 2.62 6.1 0.91 2.3 0.87 0.74
A 197 x 3~ 'Yi. 23.0 6 .7533.5 2.23 7.6 2.60 5.7 0.92 2.1 0.85 0.74
I}s 21.0 6.17 30.9 2.24 7.0 2.57 5.3 0.93 2.0 0.82 0.75
9ho 19.1 5.59 28.2 2.25 6.3 2.55 4.9 0.93 1.8 0.80 0.7.5
'h 17.0 5.00 25.4 2.25 5.7 2.53 4.4 0.94 1.6 0.78 0.75
"ho 15.0 4.40 22.6 2.26 5.0 2.50 4.0 0.95 1.4 0.75 0.76
% 13.0 3.80 19.6 2.27 4.3 2.48 3.5 0.96 1.3 0.73 0.76
1 30.6 9.00 30.8 1.85 8.0 2.17 10.8 1.09 3.8 1.17 10.85
'%0 28.9 8.50 29.3 1.86 7.6 2.14 10.3 1.10 3.6 1.14 0.85
% 27.2 7.98 27.7 1.86 ' 7.2 2.12 9.8 1.11 3.4 1.12 0.86
'%6 25.4 7.47 26.1 1.87 6.7 2.10 9.2 1.11 3.2 1.10 10.86
% 23.6 6.94 24.5 1.88 6.2 2.08 8.7 1.12 3.0 1.08 0.86
A206 X 4 "ho 21.8 6.40 22.8 1.89 5.8 2.06 8.1 1 1.13 2.8 1.06 0 .86
% 20.0 5.86 21.1 1.90 5.3 2.03 7.5 1.13 2.5 1.03 0.86
Oh6 \ 18.1 5.31 119.3 1.90 4.8 2.01 6.9 11.14 2.3 11.01 0.87
~~ 16.2 4.7.5 17.4 1.91 4.3 1.99 6.3 1.15 2.1 0.99 10.87
1 "ho 14.3 4.18 1.<;.5 1.92 3.8 1.96 5.6 1.16 1.8 0.96 0.87
I % 12 .3 3.61 13.5 1.93 3.3 1.94 4.9 1.17 1 1.6 0.94 10 .88

80
 ELEMENTS OF SECTIONS

ELEMENTS OF UNEQUAL ANGLES-Continued

Area Axis 2-2 Axis

of Axis 1-1 3-3
Size Sec- 1 - - , - - - - , - - - , - - -
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lo/J.u 27.3 8.03 27.8 1.86 7.4 2.24 6.D 0.93 2.7 0.99 0.74
% 25.7 7.55 26.4 1.87 7.0 2.22 6.6 0.93 2.6 0.97 0.75
'%6 24 .0 7.06 24 .9 1.88 6.6 2.20 6.2 0.94 2.4 0.95 0.75
% 22.4 6.56 23.3 1.89 6.1 2.18 5.8 0.94 2.3 0.93 0.75
5.6 5.5 0.95 2.1 0.90 0.75
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% IS.D 5.55 20.1 1.90 5.2 2.13 5.1 0.96 I.D 0.88 0.75
DAu 17.1 5.03 18.4 1.91 4.7 2.11 4.7 0.96 1.8 0.86 0.75
% 15.3 4.50 16.6 1.92 4.2 2.08 4.3 0.97 1.6 0.83 0.76
0/16 13.5 3.97 14.8 1.93 3.7 2.06 3.8 0.98 1.4 0.81 0.76
% 11.7 3.42 12.9 1.94 3.3 2.04 3.3 0.99 1.2 0.7D 0.77
0/16 9.S 2.87 10.9 1.95 2.7 2.01 2.9 1.00 1.0 0.76 0.77

% 24.2 7.11 16.4 1.52 5.0 1.71 9.2 1.14 3.3 1.21 0.84
''Y1u 22.7 6.65 15.5 1.53 4.7 1.68 8.7 1.15 3.1 1.18 0.84
%. 21.1 6.19 14.6 1.54 4.4" 1.66 8.2 1.15 2.D 1.16 0.84
''/tu 19.5 5.72 13.6 1.54 4.1 1.64 7.7 1.16 2.7 1.14 0.84
4 o/s 17.8 5.23 12.6 1.55 3.7 1.62 7.1 1.17 2.5 1.12 0.84
%6 16.2 4.75 11.6 1.56 3.4 1.60 6.6 1.18 2.3 1.10 0.85
~~ 14.5 4.25 10.5 1.57 3.1 1.57 6.0 1.18 2.0 1.07 0.85
\16 12.8 3.75 9.3 1.58 2.7 1.55 5.3 1.19 1.8 1.05 0.85
% 11.0 3.23 8.1 1.5D 2.3 1.53 4.7 1.20 1.6 1.03 0.86

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''Y1u 21.3 6.25 14.8 1.54 4.6 1.77 5.9 0.97 2.4 1.02 0.75
% 19 .8 5.81 13.9 1.55 4.3 1.75 5.6 0.D8 2.2 1.00 0.75
''/t" 18.3 5.37 13.0 1.56 4.0 1.72 5.2 0.98 2.1 0.97 0.75
% 16.8 4.92 12.0 1.56 3.7 1.70 4.8 0.99 I.D 0.95 0.75
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2.48
1.07
1.12
1.1 2
,.S 1. 17

."I .G 1.21
3. 1
3.0
2.6
,.,
., .
' .S 1.15
'8 1.19
3.g 11.17
, 1.21
,.,
5. 7 1.11 ) 2.3 0.:>-4

....,, ,...
1°·63
O.M

.... , 0 .06
O .~
'.S 1.2 1 '.8 1.19

"
r
CARNEOI!; STEEL COMPANY

MO~IEl\TS 01" INERTIA OF RECTANGLES

IN WII> TllS fllOM %. TO % I NC H AND I INCH
Neutral A~I. Throu«h Caller I'or",.1 to Depth

Tbll and tM following t .. blo may be usod In computing til"

Moment.l of I nertia of Plate Gil"del'8, Columns aod other com·
pound soctiollllin .. h leb plates aN) used.

Width.l""b ..

,,, .=
.007
2.250

,• 5.333
lOA 11

,,• 18.000
28.583
42.667

>0
• 60.750
83.333
110.1117
"",., 144.000
183.0S3
" 228.667

""
>0 ""
""
""
"
""
""
"
,.""
<0 ""
"
"""
""'"
""
SO
..
 E L E/lI E!N T S UP SECTIO NS

~l OMENTS O l~ INERTIA OF RECTAXGLES

1l'1 WlIlTIIK 01' 1 bell
Nut",1 A.d a Th ..... ' h c., .. tu No .... 1 to O«Ith
To obtain the Moment or l oertla of any rectang le. multiply
the tabular "aluO for IlJIdepth by ILa width Inlnchell. f'ordeeper
I"I.'Clall5l(>1 or tabular thlcknOlll. multiply the tabular ... Iue. ror
half Ihelr depth by 8; or foronc.thll'd theIr depth by 27, etc,

1
~_c_:
.to!!
h.\
I. . . . • n~ I I"
I K!><8'
4J
!!
I"
I.... •
~J
!..!!
I, \
1.IId>a'
~
~]
1,_,
IK .... •
.s r
!1 I"
IKhea'

.Q~ !::~ j'2_ :!!:~ J!II :::~~"~' !:~~:=~"'~';;~:~

6
::: -

~
. .001 20.345 15:1.1"11 I 600.533 111lS.3i6 Z:>OO.i:.H
,; _lJO.I 21.500 11/7.{l2(I 61i.012 12"00.&11< :.!aa:;.43'"
.010 Z2.ss.~ W2.700 627.63a 1225.510 2:164.385
.020 24.231 Wi.69'.! 6a!I.4oa 1244.364 . 2393.57.>

j
.oa:, • 25629 172.723 5411.;117 126:1.410 .:N23.001
..l::i_,o.'i6_ ~ 177.!11);1 ~OO.376 1211~.650 ~24 52.674
L .0II:1 ..2...t 2S.&!:I. ]:1 IICI.0S3 19 ' 571.58326 1:«l2.rns33] ~~ l>2.b83
'" ..163
110 3().1 42
3 1.767 1 1\l3.IIW
1 ~!UIO }fj 51121)3{1
~ 594444 ~'32] 713u~
1.141 r.3&2543 132

j .217
.281
3:1,428
:lr..156
IO'J.3b!!
2U5.0:11
GOO 09D 13GI :>61
(J1711OO ~13111 nll
'~573 771
12004 6W

J
.3511 3U.OH 210.779 11211800 ", '402202 ~G3ft71;7
.447 • :18.700 2W.634 (HIlliS ~ 14 22~21 'JOO7 165
.649 40.6UII 222.r.OO 654 245 ----" IH3 644 ~6l)f1 792
fiCo7 _~_fTzOO7 i"4 ~1"30 667
.!..J
Ji ~lIOOn
.9~9 aH:69S
Ji 46.703 1234:847
2~L.l37
228 667 20
670.245
691.1:1-40 8.'i.81)3
1507.:124 aI4
600 fiCo7 26 14"(14 007 32
~~i62'792
2795. 168

J
I.IIG 4 1'1.6:;2247.538 704.874 1528.001 2827.797
1.:102 5 1.1 77 2[;.6.0:'2 717.l12il]155O.8O"~ 21;00.677
I.r.o7 h 5:1.468 200.670 731.141 ' 1572.8-51 2SI)3.812
• 1.733 • M.1I27 267.42 1 ,744.1iI" 1695.108 2{127.20'.!
1.980 68.254 274.277 758.0.'H 1617.575' 2000.8-19
3 -2.250 II 00.700 U 281.200 2 1 771.700 27 1(;4/).250 33 \.!oo-t.700
2883"0 j-~U I663 136 -
168.00.5 j:.t9.5
)i-2.M3 .iii 63:1 17 h 3028.91 1
M 2.SOI }i 65 0:;." 548 799 G.':! )( 16S6 236 3003.329
h 3.2<U 30287:1 8 13.836 al709M7 3O'JII.OO9
}oS 3.573 71 "" ~ 310323 82i1.10l- l7aa 073 3132.9018
3.970 7... 305 317119 1 842.127 17661:\1" 3168. 100

Jl 4395 77.2:t8. 32:1.~2 857.426 ~ 111;0 no 3203.614

J j ... j
•. 849 80 2"7 333 300 87221H ...if 1804 9-l3 :1239.34 1
.!... 5.333 !!!....-i<3~IB 341 33:1 ~&>7.3aa ~~34 275.333
H'."'"
6.397
J.( H
J( '" .•""
89.7"1 ~7.585 00 H00>.'"
J.( 017.92li j''''.'''~'O
IS78.773 ''.'''
3:148.117

j
6.918 00.00-4 3M.OOO 933.4S6 1903.823 3384.009
7.594 90.460 374.344 \).19.2 19 1929.09-1 3oI21.00{l
8.24~ 00.1.151". 382.{l16 9GIi.127 10.j4,.58I'i 3459.300
8.1131 ]0:-1 .... 25 :191.618 USI.2 12 il9S0.305 3~OO.900
9.600 107.178 400.452 007.476 2000.249 35:14.772

!r*~ jll 11~:~~"~17 m~Hil!j~iili:~j29mHH~3a~:~f

j
6 3.11M 126.740 4 16.6It, 10111."00 2139.3G.~ 3728.240

lf
14 .832 1:10.9111 4!i11.2!'" 1098.1:!31l 2100.676 :17{\7.71l3
15.843 I :J.~.IM ; 466.0:-10 1116.374 21901.2 18 i3R07.6Il 1
LO.~!»! 139.5"7 i 47f;.\).1!, 11:1".094 2221.992 ':Js.I7.641
6 - 18.oi:xi 12 14.... 000 18 ·4sil.ooo 24 1162.000.30 ;l250~OOO 36 ~

"
r
CA R NEO l e S TIl El CO MP AN Y

RADII OF GY l b\T I O~ FOR TWO t;NEQUAL ANGLES

1.0... 14>' V~rO .. L

, - ~ · H~ to"l."

¥ , 9f "
,

,-
,... -...
,
" • .u.-
""..
, '*....... ,A,.."C
'l"llitk· Weichl.
Radii of G,...atloa oI'l'lrt1 ~

A:cioJ.2
, .......

.. , -, "..!:.n \i"i,.rt'I~".po:t
,~,
,!..iI 1·1
,~" !por\' ~
,.., ,., ...,
'"00'1
-- - -
4~.2 2(1.00 2.40 2.39 2.48
33.8 >.« 2.h:;!
11·&6 1''''
111.88 2.35 2.48 2.6 1

,"," ~.2 2.57

..'" 1.23""2.31 'A8 2.66

2.43

, "'" ,•",
3.~.7
27.6
16.6
32.:\
21.00
10.12
0.68
2./H
2.M
2,59
2.19
. '"
1.20
1.15
l.:jI
I.J,~

1 .41l
.:j!)
'.M
1.40
1.3~
1.28
1.45
1.45
I
1.32
!.<lll
1.4 1
10.00 " 00 1 .1\()

,-'"
..
2a.1I 2.2:1 1.~5 1.34 1._11 l .f':l
7 Ll\. ~h 1;I,r.o 1.39

, 1:.1.0 ',00 2,27 .. 00 \.211

''' 0 1.31
:to.6 HI.OO
, ..00
1.85 ].69 ].74 1.70 I.~!l

'" ,"
.,
1l~. 21.8 12,/<0 I.M 16:1 1.68 1 .7:1 1.)12
]2.3 7.22 1.Il:l 1.00 1.58 1.62 1.67 1.16

. '"
, .. -. ,..,'"
6 LI', '\i .
2SI)
206
".00
12, 12
5.74 . '" I.:u.
1.85
LIN
1.:17
1.:11
1.47
I .41
I .a:J
1.1H
1.45
1.3.
10M
1.4!l
1.42
l.roO
..00

" ,.., 14.22 Ui2 "66 1.711 .. 80 I.!lj

1.75
1 1)5
J.lW
,.,.
1.58 ..60 1.70

.,.".. " .....,.,

11.0 6.40
Z2.7 ,ro 1.-12 161 1.7 1
iii x3'~ " 13 ~'J4
1Ii.12 1.61 '" 1.33 1.41 1.4;' ..00 , ~,

'., 19.0
. 11 .611 ,,,, 1.Z1' 1.32 1 ~'7 1.47

,,. '" 1.2"2 , ,-'"'"

, • 3 II".
8.2 161 ..00 1.17 1.35

4 x3'..,
41..,x 3 ,,
'.,
'.,
....
IMfo
'-'
'M
",
171
""
. ....
... " ,,' "'" '". '" ",. ..'" .."
". .... ... .'"
IO.Stl

1086

3.38
1.44

'"
,.8
I.r,o ,-">
\.21
'"
I 13

\,42
\.25
1.16
I~'JI

1.51
..3-'
1.24
1.5:;

1.28
1.41

1.4:;
O',

'M
",

1.43
'., .. <0 , 00
". ",
U'i.8 0.21 1 .1).1 \.45 1.1".0

." ..,",' ,.... ... '"'" ..'" .."

•• ,.,. .... M 1.11 1.20 1.29 1.48
'''' 3
.",
IH",,2', 12.11 '"
2.118 1.12
1.1).1
0.1)5
113 1.18 .."
1.13
1_1.1
1.23
3 x2', , '-' , 0.1)1 I.{).~ Lt.'. 1.20 1.2:;
'.
.. "." ""'
fI.DS ..00 \.13 \.18 \.28
3 x 2
ti ,,' "'" 0.92 0.89 0.1)4 ..00
0.1)3
1 10
'.ro
2 .38 0.74 0.8-1 0."
,.., 115
~
2\4..x 2 '00 0.7Ii 0.84 0.94 "00
3.62 2.12 0.78 0.80 0,,," 0.93 O.{lil \.08

"
 eU!MBNTS 0' seCT IO NS

RADII OF GYR,\ TlON FOR TWO UNEQUAl. ANGLES

SIlo. t I.tp Vutl..t

T
..... ' .... ,-•
~F
.!
It.odil 01 Gyntioll 01 Two AAcIos. , ......
I
:j""' IW'" t:.."\!2
"'" I
..
!be. -. ........... . Aiio:'2

.
A.iII 1·1
~ .... I.......... root _~:.u~·~po:tr-·'porI-fi" J.porI- '··J.porI-
, , ,
.......,
",",,2 26 ... 1.73 :1 .73 :n8 :l.8.1 3.92
:~1.8 19.811 \.76 :1 .60 :1.6\1 3 .• 3 3.78 :1 .8.

8 :r3j.i
," ,~. 20.2
.'111.7
11 .80
2\.00
3.M

.'"
3.64
4.14
3.68
4.19
3.73
4 .24
4 .18
3.82
4 ..'14
4 ,211
"
27.11 16.12 0 .88 .'1.00 • .00 4.13
~i. 16.6 \l.68 0.92 3,lIa <1.02 <1,.07 4.12 4.22
.'12.3 19.00 0.89 3.48 3.,,8 3.6.1 3 .68 3 .78

, ..
7 x.'lJ-i

,
;r~ 2:1.0
13.0
30.6
1:1.[,('
' .00
18.00 .'" ." ..,.,"''"
0112

..w
,,.
3.42 :1.r.2
3.46
3.!.7
:1.00
3.W
a.62
3.55
3.04
2.\l8
:1.72
:1.(1"
.1.14
;1.08

,'"'
21.8 12.80 1.13 2.'!l 2.9:!
~ 12.3 7.22 1.11 2.14 U, 2.87 2.Q2 :1 .U2

...
28.9 11.00 0.92 2 .92 :U)2 3.01 3.12 .'I.n
6 x3 J.i
,••.
1~~ . l!()6
' .8
12.12
6.14
U.w.
"00
3."
2 .8 1 ,..,
' .00 3,0)
2.Q"
;l.()6

'''''
:1.16
:1 .09
24 .2 14 .22 1.1 4 3."
'"
,.'" 2.43 2 .48 2 .58

.. .... ,..,
.
11.0 2 .411
'M ,.., ""
% 6 .46 1.20 2 .20 2.38
'. ,.,. ,.w
r.
••
113J.i

, , 8.' ..., .,
8.'
13 rt1 "
6 .12
0.00
1.03
". ",. 2.a.'i
2.44
2 .6-5
3M
19.9 11.6 8 2 .42 2 .52 2.57
U,
2 .62 2 .12

..
O.S:; 2 .42 2.47 2.61
, ,., "" ,."
18./1 10.se 0 .81 2 .-45

"' 1".,.,
2.15 '.3() '$
••
.,,,. , .....
<l J.i:r 3
'100 0 .81 ..." 2 . 15 ' .30 2.25 2.3-4
10.se 1.01 1.81 1.91 ..00 '.?OI 2.11
••
4 x3 J,i
,
' .00 1.01 1.73 1.81 ..86 1.91 '.00
"
'
17.1
' .8
"
10 .011

..
3.38
0.S.1
0. 89
O.s...
..88
1.78
.."
1.98 3.00
1.92
2 .08
..00
2 .18
2.06

. .,
... .,"
1[,.8 1.61 1.71 1.76 1.81 t.91
•••
"ij" ..,••• '' .88.30
:1.12 0 .9 1 1.62 1.61 1.70

3 ).i:r2JS
12.11 0 .61)
0 .14
" 00
1.58
1.75
1.67 L.7 1
"86
1.76 ....
.. 00

3 x2J.i •• ••,.,• ,M'.... 0 ,72

,.,
W 1.46 U'I I 1.56
'"
J.r.9
"~ •••
0.75 "<0 L.45 1.50
4 .M) ' .M 1.42 1.[,2 1.57 1.62 1.72
'" :.1.38 0.67 1.38 1.47 1.1:;2 1.1>7 1.67

"'" •"
' .8 '.00
3.62 ll.l2
0.'"
II.W
1.1 1;
Lit . .,
'-2f, ..30
1.25
1.35
1.30 . ..
1.46

89
r CA R NEO IE STEEL COMPANV
--
RADII OF GYRATION fOR TWO EQUAL ANGLES

AI. •• ..... ..... ~. A"" W'""

A1iI t-2

... I".
1·1
~
--- Co ....
M .D 3:\.... 6

., ,...
2.42 3,42 3.5 1 3." 3 69
42.0 2<1.68 2.46 3.37 3.46 3.'" 3"
3.M 1 3.64
.
:/" 26.4 16.00 ,.'" 3,33 3.41 3 .4.5 3.[.0 3.69
I
" •Hi. 37.4
26.5
22 .00
1.5. 56
...."SO"'" 2. 69
2 .M
3.0.
2 .63
2 .72
2 .67
2.77 2 .87
2 .71 ' 2 .fH
14 .9 8.72 2.49 ,..8 2.62 2.66 2.76

...
" •'
~
,~ .
30.6
2 1.8
12.3
19.9
111.00

,."
12.80

11.68
.... ,.'"....
I.4S
1.51

1.1 8
2. 19
2 . 13

1.76
2 .28
2 .22
2.17
1.85
2.33
2 .26
2.21
1.89
2.3~
2 .:U
2.2<\
1.11-1
2.41
2.40
'.3S
2.01

.....,
3.88
...,. .."
I, 6.0 1.25 1.79 1.8 4 l.!13

.....'"n .." ... '""

1.15
,~ , 17,1 10.06 1.70 1.75
3).p3~
• 3 .38 1.46 1.1>9 1.73

tt
... ....
,., ,."
,. 3 11.5 6.72 0.'" 1.32 1.4 1 1.46 1.51 Ull

I~
0.93
0 .74
1.25
..00
1.34
1. 19
1.38
1.24 ..,.
1.43 1.53
1.39
".""
2x2
I,
1j. 5,3
., _ _ _3.1L
2.38
3. 12
0.77
0.5!l
(.65
0.'"
1.l4
0. 98
1.19
1.03
1.24
...,.
"OS 1. 19
1.3'

Tills table and the ~wo

""'-- 0.6 1 O.SI\0.000 . 94
precoxllng a m employ od In computlng the sa te
1.14

roIll lance t.o oomlweMl,-o .t..-of ~,,(l &oglo.. back to t>..ck, U8Cd as .. st r ut
or .... t ho eom p resslon chord o f a roof truSll. 6tc .. as 1(IlIow"
ObtaIn ' rom t ho rompr(lIj/Ilo n form ula In use the allowed .trea per 8(IUare
Inch OOI'I'eIpondlng to tbe .... tio 0 1 alend"mCIIS of the !IOCtlon. aod multll)l),
that valuQ by the 1.1'0&. The I'OIIUlt will be the allowablo oomp~ he SIrca.
Exam ple I. Soctlon gl\'oo. R(lqulrod t ho . ,,1610..d In comproulon on ..
nrut eom llOlied of two .113101 4" l[ 4" xU". b..::" to ba.;k, with an ~up..
pOrted length 01 9 foot.
Area of Secl.lon. A = 3.88 lKJuat'Illnchf!ll; Leut Uadh16, 1' _ 1.2.5.
Itatm 0 1 8Iendcm_. l'r _ 9 x 12 + 1,2 5_ 86.4.
8ale Load, AI_3,SS x allowed unit It~ lo r I r according to formula .
F.JlUllpie 2. Stre. given. n oqulred a aecUon lor a member In oompl"OllOSlon
12'-3" lout:. made of twO angl(OJ IICparaWd by ~ Inch IJUSl!Ct 1)lat(ll., to resist a
total ftrolll 01 48.000 pound. ; rallo 0 1 &1('JI(l(ll'nOll' not to e~coed 120.
Auume:l angles • .5" J 3" X ~8". 5"-1ep:. back to back.
Area of 8eetlon .A _ 4.80 .,quare Inches; Least Radlll5, r _ 1.26 Inche..
Hatlo of Slendem_. 1'1' _ 12.25 x 12+ (.260- 116.7 .
Allowed Unit Sl!'(llll l. by A. I. S . O. formula ... 10.2$0 Ib./ .,q. In.
Salo Strea. Al a 4.SO X 10.200 .. 49.200 poundlJ.
In tbe tint _ the lout radius I, tbat about ulll 1-\ ; In t be IfIC()nd cue
about UUl 2-2; In all _ tho l(!&IIt ..-dIU!! detfl'ml nt)ll the n.tlo o l l51endemllM
and t bcn;,,,llb tbo ..110"'00 ufo oompl'Oll8lvlI 'fross. In all C1I8O!I al.., t ho ' '''0
anllies an;, to be .eellrod tOg(lther by , tal' rlvlIL!lIIO ,P&ced &II to l!llIuro that the
5eCllo n actI N a unit . T he n.tlo ot alenderneu of any sln!!:le angle bet ...oon
rh'CU mU!!t ah.an be I, . tban ,bat Of tho .trot or oomp~n chord.

00
 E l.EM ENTS OF S ECTI ONS

HOLLOW ROUND SECTIONS

A REAS AND RAD II OP G Y RA TION

. .-H.,
c©J .- :
------~
 CARNEG I E STEEL COMPANY

STRESSES I N BEAMS
III the application of the principles of 61ructural mechanic. to
determine what sections should be used eafely to 6ustain ~uper.
ilnp<l8ed loads under specified conditions of loading, it is uect'allary
to a..aeertain, fil1lt, the effects produced on the structure by the loads
under those conditione; second, to decide what unit strength the
material, the use of which is contemplated , hili! to reaist the stresses
produced within the structure by the loading; and, third, to sC'led
a aeetion whoee section modulut it equivalent to the ratio found to
exisl between the etrefllw.E! tending to cause defornlUtion within
the struc ture and the unit strcngth of the material to rellis!. them.
Kft<'llo... In the simille caee of a beam supported at both endll,
each I!ullport reaet.e with an ullward pr_ure called the reaction
of the support. The sum of these two reactions ill equal to the tota l
load on the beam.
ShNr. The loads and the reactions of the support.e are vertieal
foreca tending to shear or cut the beam acr0B8 and the streeses
they prod lice within the beam are, the refore, called shearing
stresses. The shear at each support ill equlIl to the reaction of
the /lupporl; the /lhear at any point between the supports is equal
to the reaction of a support less the total load between that
support and the point; or, ir the reaction acting upward i~
considered aa positive and the loads, aCling d ownward ~ , ae
negative, the shear at any point ia the algebraic ilium of the
.vertical rorcell acting on the beam between that point and either
8upport.
U such a simple beam supported at both enda carrica a load
unirormly dillt rihuted over itll entire length, the reaclion and the
ahear at each support ill equal to one-half the total load on the
beam, but the shear decreasl!$ uniformly to zero at the center or
the span; ir the load is concC'ntrated at the center of tile span, the
reaction and the /lhear at eaeh s up port a re also equal to one-hair
the total load, but the shear is uniform throughout. the entire
length of the beam.
Bondi"" Mo..tnt. T he loads on the beam and the reactions of the
lIupports constitute external (oreca which produce bending strCl!ll in
the beam. The summation of the mOlllenta of the external forces
about any point ill called the brnding mOlllent and variee rrom
point to point. It attains a maximum value at a Jloint whC're the
IIhear is either zero or ehangee from poaitivc to negative or viee
verell.. If the 10adll are concentrated at IK'veral points, the maxi·
mum bending moment always occurs at the point of ar, plication of

"
 STR;I:SSeS I N UIOAMS

one of the loads 80 located that. the sum of all the loadll on the beam
belw('('n one support up to and including that load ill equal to or
gre(Lh'r t.ha n the reaction of the Bupport.
\'~rtlaol IkftfJdlon. llcnding strcS8 within u. beam producca f1uurc,
a nd the dcfieelion, or the amou nt of its departure fro m a straight
line, iB t he measuro of the deformatio n whieh the beam has under-
gone in its rcaistanee to bending stre8ll. So long &/I the IIlreS! is
within the safe limitll allowed fo r the material, the deflection ill
negligible 80 far 8.lI concerns the beam itaclf; it Dlay, however, be
of sufficient magnitu~e to cause the d isruption of other materials
in contact wit h or 8U]) ported by the beam but of ICSII 8trength, such
as plaster. I n such CI\.f!ClI the li mit of a llowable defl ection mll.y
determine or at I"ast influence the choice of a section.
!.ootenl DdlfJdion. T he atre811e8 within a beam under lranllvenlc
loading arc compre8llive on one lIide of the neut ra l axis and tenllilc
on the other. The tensi le Slre88C8 tend to hold the beam in a
8lraight line between the supporl!!, while the eomprC61Sive 8tl'(!8l\Cll
tend to deflect it in a latera l di rection, just M the bendi ng 8trC!lllCll
&/I II. whole tend to ddlee!. it in a vertical plane. On long IIpans
unsupported agai nst sidewise deflection, this consideration IUIIoY
influence the choice of 8ectionll.
M~thod 01 eo .. pauUon. A eomplete inveetigation of the strength of
bello illS under tranllverse loading mU8t take into account all thc
e[ements, the bending moment, the vertical deflection, the latcral
defleclion and the shearing strC&l; thougb undcr thc usual loading
conditions the first a lone dcterminca the si~e and weight of section.
1n the calculation of bending BtressCII, the loads arc ul:lually
expressed in pounds, the 6pan length and tho distance bctween the
loads in feet; the resu lting bending momenl!! a re in terms of foot
p(lunds, which neeessitatCll conversion to inch pound8 before the
section can be selected from the tables. The section modulull of
the required section ia obtained by dividing the maximum bending
moment in inch pound8 by the allowed fiber stress in pound8 I)cr
square inch. I n Buch calculatiolUJ it is assumed that the ncutra l
8xi8 of the section is normal lo the line of action of the load. Whcn
thill is not the (lase, correction must be made for the eccentricity
of the loading.
In the pages which immediately follow arc given general (ormu[1I8
for the bending moments and vertical deflections o( beams under
the usual conditions (If loading, and alao diagrams illustrative of
those eonditiolUJ. The general method for the computation of lhc
mllximum bending moment of a beAm supported at its enda anr!
loaded at. varioU8 points i8 as (01l0w8;-

'"
 CA R NE OI E STEE L COMPANY

First. Find the reaction at the Icrt (right) support by multi-

plying each load by its distance from the right (Iert) aupport and
dividing the Bum of these products by the length of the span.
Seeond. Starting from the left (right) end of the beam, add the
8uece8llive loads until a point i8 reached whe re the sum of the load,
equal, or exceeds the reaction of the left (right) Bupport; the point
of maximum bending moment ia located at this point.
Thi rd. l\l ultiply the reaction at the left (right) support by its
distance from the point of maximum bending moment Dnd aubtract
the sum of the produetl! of a1l10ads to the left (right) of this point
by the corresponding distance hom this point; the difference
between these moments is then the maximum bending moment,

Q·.O
r····· " .0"···· ~ •· ...··0-· .:xamplo: RequJI"ed lhe .tzo "I a
--~·-o· -"/i'_ O-_
lWei boam to mppOfI, lho following
1i wO v:,
Db • • Qul_t loads over a dear lpan o f 16
. ' t~-·6··0"··· fee~ bctwoon IUPporta, at a ntaxltnum
I I '--_._. 8'- 0"" ,
L._.._..:::::._ ;~~' ~':.~'.' :::::::j fiber .t.... not to cxceed 10()()() IlOuml,
J)l'l" 8Q.uaro Inch.
W, _ IOOOO pOunds. 4 leet from left ,uJ)pOrt-.
W. _ ISOOO 9 "
W._ 2000 per foot. nnlfOl"m up to 4 f~ from rJlIh~ IUPllOrl.
W._ 00 " &IBIImod we\lIhtof beam unlformlydlSlrlbulM
nver entire .pan.

Left Reaction, leooD 1 12 ~ (0(\118)S +I,1800017 + ('2:00014) 12-2 .... ,~

...........
RIght lleactlOn, 111000 I 4 + (110 1 le)S + :F.O + (2000 ~ 4) a 14 _ 2 1(100 IbtI.

Sum of reactlollS==allm ofload_W. + W. + W , + W. -12000 IbtI.

1'0111\.1 ot nuuhnum momcllt (00 It: 4) + 10000 1(\240 < 2Ja.':;{i
(60 It: 0) + lGOOO + 18000 _ a 4,;40> 21:151:.
UI~fore the pOInt o f mlUlmum bendIng moment I~ at P';llnt of load W,.
:Io1..:dmum bendllllllUQlllCnt. 213Md-llIOOOd-{1I01D)14..5 =I(l{I7(\J ft.lbo!.
or.21110.Sl1-(2000z4)1&-{lIOz7)aU = IOO1M ft. 11M.

eQu , ~ "~.~ m......

_ .• ~n ~-' u I WI" 1(I97M
(&MIlOIt: 12 - ""liMiJir
1317180 "" "."n. •
"
Alt the aeetlon modulWl of tho 15 Inch G5 pOund or tbe 1810eh 64 7 l)Ound
beam I, greater than thill. either o f lh_ .aetIOI1.l m.y be U8OO.

~""".~ lQ.uare Inch, tho l"Oqulrod

lectlon modUlUS would bo
 STRESSES IN BEAMS

COMPAR ISON OF VARIOUS LOADING CONDITIONS

The formulas and diagrams on the pagee which follow give the
\·arious stresses in aectiona
conditions of loading.
",'"
as bearna, reaulting from uaual

Taking as a. unit of comparison a unifo r mly diatributed aafe load

on beama of equal length and section, supported at the extreme
ends, the following table gives the relative maximum safe loada
Of bending moments and deflections.
As a check on the accuracy of a comRutation, the safe load
obtained from the formula for any condition of loading m.y b.
multiplied by the reci procal given in the table correspondin g to
sueh loading condition; the resu lt should be the maximnm allowable
uniform load JUI taken from beam !lafe load tables.

CoDdiVoDI of LooodiDI c...

:-...
Muimum
....., S.f~
........
)iuimum

---
Rol.Ii,.. R.. ip. oul R.I&t.iy~

-
B., ..... SUPPORTED AT E!<Da . , , ,
Load unltormty distributed O,·Cr avail
~ ooncentrated at center ot span
'X
, .80
"
V
Twoequalloads !Jymm6U"lcally concentrated VII 1/ 4a 4.. / 1
Lold Increasing uniformly to one end
~ Increasing unllorody to center

Load decreasing uniformly to center

X
XU
X,
.9143

.'
"
~ :.
1.0264
Iii ...
.976

" LOS
B" .... F'XED .. T 0"'0: END. CAST' LEVER
,
Load unltonnly distributed o\"er sVln
Load concentrated at end ,
U !~
8
2.40
3.20
Load Increasing uniformly to bed cod ut "
"
~, 1.9Z

B u .. COST'SIl"Otle OVO:R Two

SOPPORTB
EQUlD ' ''TANT FRO .. ENDe

L<n.d
L If dbtlUlce a >0.2011 ,
unlfonnly distributed o,·er span XV I

,
I'/h" 4a'/ I<
,.If dlstaoce II < 0.2071 , -,-
1-411
,.It distance II =0.20 7 1 I
Two equal loads concentrated at end. XV
=1
5.8Z8t.i
1/41 I
.1716
411/ 1
 CARNEOIE STEI!.L COMPANY

BEAl\fS UN DER VARIO US LOA DING CON DITIONS

B ENDING M O.l.lENTS A.... D D EFLiWTIONS

I. c.u.-rILEVER BEAM-Con,," ln ted 1... 01 . 1 r..,., end

w
W.
:\1 max. at R, _ WI

Wmu. -if.
W\S
Dma • . "" 3lT

II. CANTI LEVER BEAM- Un iform ly dillrlbuled l od

n, (mu. shear) w
WI'
111. tUstance " - -;:rr-
W\
:\I mu. at H, - ;r
Wruu. -, ZIS

Om ... "".
- "ill"
II I. C A~-rI LEVER BEA,\! - Load Inu .... lnlf uniformly 10 lIsed end
H, (mu. sbear) _ w
:\J . dlstance .
w x.
- T-,r
) 1 max. at H, WI
- -;s
Wma. • .
--¥ WI_
Dmu.
- "'i"5"EI
IV. BEAM SUPPORTED AT ENDS--<:On~nl,.ted load nu r one end

~.' R(mll<. abear If b> a ) "" ~

~imax. Wa
R,(mu .• bear [I a> I1) _ . -
, "
~ .........!- •• .;..-• •. ~ :\1. dlijtance X .. ~
r······ . . -· .. +..l> · ~ )1 mll<"atpolntotload= ~
I ~-'Vf(.U2b~ .: :
R~
' .... .- T... · ~·f .. ·.. ' R .S<
: ;
' -'I. ~
t
WmH .
-'"
Wab (a+2b)v3a(a+2b)
W o mal!.

. 27E I 1
 F L EXURE FOJtMU L A
cS~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

BEAMS UNDER VARIOUS WADING CONDITIONS

BEND INO ~IOldENTI!I AND DEP'L.ECTIONI!I

V. BEAM SUPPO RTE D AT ENOS-Con« nl ..led load &1 «alu

~ qma,. . R cmu.lb....,.) .ll. --,-

W

W.
, -.. ~
~ --····!I ······...;
M , dllltanoe,. ---,-
: ~ ... ! .. ..; M mu .. n POIn~ Of 101M! - '!'
• ... •
R ·······,.-0 • Wmls. «S
-,-
, 1 R,
Dml.s. WI'
- TgIT

VI.
R (mu. abeu It a<.b)

H.
M. dllt&nee a

M, mb .• dlltanoe b (b>a) _ R.b=---:rr-(I+&- b)

Wb

W
M,. dl!ltanoe,. -R"-T(S""
2ltS
Wmu , (b>a)
- b(l+a-b)

VII. BEAM SUPPORTED AT £."DS- Tw •• n-_rlcal ...ftDl ..Ie<I .......

~
• W
X ,mAlt. R (rnu.shet.r) _ R, - ""2
-
:
i i :
;
M,dlll.noe,.
,.
\ ....
-"""""2""
r ""'~" I ":"'-' ~ WI.
........... ~ ...... _, M ma,..a'andbetweenlnw-----:r-
R~"

VIII.
, ,
""'f' , .., ...... R.
:'-.11- '
Wmu,

Dmu.

BEAM SUPPORT£D AT ESDS-ThI"M H" ..... t ..ted 10.....

-.- >IS

:=mTk''';''';
¥'.:d:LWl~ ~~JI
: : : ,I
It
ft,
-
Wb+W.b, + Wtbt
I

~ ...•••. ~ \····t·· _.oj _Ra,

Mat\\"
;.···~··.I~···· +bl ·.:
.. ··· ..... ·.;. ····.;br ··~ Mmu.lf W _or>R
_ Ra,-W(.,-.)

~R,
MatW,
:\1 mu. It w.+w _ Ror>R
R~~G MatW ~
_ R,or>R,
_ R....:W (a.-..l'W , /_ , )
W W, Wt Mmu.ItWI _ R,or > R,

"
r I

CARNEOIE STEEL V_ _ __
CO ''1PAN ~

BEAMS UNDER VARIOUS LOADI~G CONDlTIONS

BENDING l\IOlol£ NT8 ASD DErLECTIOsa

IX. BEAM SUPPORT!::D AT &'1DS-U. lfor .. J, dJ.' . lbule4 .......

fi"" J
AUU\M.imAX.M.d,Ilt&llCU:
~'--'-""iL.- ....... J
. R (mn,

lit nu..;. It Clenltl"

,bearl_ft, .. ..;..
.. ~,.
- ~
(I·f)

~
,' ... __ ..tL:
R..... _ . ..·.:...4~ RI
.. - - Wmu . ...!f!
'~ liWla
~"" .J 0 Omaz. - 384EI

.013044 WI'
Dmu. .. EI

BEAM SUPPORTED AT E!'1[)S- Load dK.H.I" • .,lIlfo."'7 10 ftIItu

W
- -,-
:r 2, •
,
1\.1 mu., dLlIl&llce V
.. WJ: Qi--r +W)
W>
- ."..
W mll.:(. -.- 12fS

on,u.
-= 3 Wl"

XIL BEAM SU PPORTE D AT ENDS- Load IlIcnuln. uDlform lr 10 «nter

W
- T
.. WJ: ()i--".'
w,
,..
---.--
Wmu. --.
_ 6fS

W, o
O oon. - oorr
"
 FLEXURoE FORMULAS

BEAl'..rs UKDER VARIOUS LOADING CONDITIONS

BENDING MOM ENTS A N D D E FLECT I ONs--Concluded
nIL B£AM SUPPORTIi:D AT ENDS-U"ltor.. load partlalb .nl lribatecl
R (mu. shearlfa < c)_ W (2.ft h )
W (2a + b )
U;max.
.AJ"-tiC"''+UJ-''':..
t:~.~J!j •.i -- ---~
R,
M .d ld.%=<D.or < a.
M, d lst. . >a.
_R. 21

_ R._ W{iit' )'

~
,'.' ... +mit~:it>_
R
a bl
M •• dbt..> (a+ b ). _ R. W {2·i -
., ., d'-' + Rb W (2c+ b ){4al+b(2c+ b )!
" mu .. ..... Il -w--.= S [t
:. . .,. -- . Sl' rs
Wm&:l:. ... (2c+ hlliiiJ+6(2c+ bH

XO'. BEAM SUPPORTED AT ENDS-U"lto... I..... partlall,. di oco"linaoal

-.. --••••.• _--! R (mu .• bearlfW> W, ) W (21-.)+ W, c
- 21
Mirnax. R, W , {21-c)+ W.
= 2[
fWW-j-lLl
., ., .,.. . M. dbta.neex < a. = Rx-~
Wx'

~~.-~. .-.t!.-.t.-;:: M,dbta.neex > .. = R. W C ~x -.)

•
i . . 2W.... W•• + W,.. R'
~'~R. Mmu.dbt.x k ..Ja";lw,c =~
L._x.. J Wmu . R'.
- ",-
XV. B£AM CO~'TlNUOUSOVER TWOSVPPOR'l"'S-T--.. ulerl .. u,. ..... elri ..l l ... cb

.
Jilllllill
.. ,
[h;-~j.~
.
. '
'
M. dl.!lt-aoCfl X
W
- -,-
w.
- -,-
:--·--t---- I-----: ---1 w.
;., ..· ~.".J.-a++~ M rna.: .. from R to R , --,-
,2 : 2 • ' _ 2f~
Wmax.
I
0 -· ,· ·-
' ':
.• Wa C:JaI-Ia,t)
D. distance. = 12 EJ
Wa CI- 2,, )'
0 , . dlst.n4-a 16EI

M. at center "'" W\-4., mu. if . < I ( \'H--}i)

ZitS
W , max. - .,-- mu.if ,,> I(\~)i)
W , max.

99
 CARNEOI S STE~
E~L--"
C~OC
MCPCACN
CV,---_ _ _ _ _ _...,

SAFE LOADS FOR SECTIONS USED AS BEA.MS

EXPLANATION OJ' TABLES
The tables of safe loads for structural beams, channels, H·beams
and cr088 tie sections, used. as bealll8 under conditiOI13 of transverse
loading, give the uniformly distributed safe loads in thousand!! of
pounds for apaD8 ellBtomary in bridge and building construction,
based upon an extreme fiber ItrCBII of 18,CKXl and 16,CKXl pound! per
Bquare inch. The tables of safe loada for angles, tees and ICes give
the values at the lame fiber Itrcll8Cl on spans of one loot, from which
the safe load lor any length may be obtained by d irect d ivision, lind
also the values lor thOBC spans at which the allowed safe load will
))roduce a. deflection of ~ of the span length. The loa.ds ill all
e&scs include the weight. of the aection, which should be deducted in
order to a rrive at the net load which the aeetion will support.
I t is A88umed in all e&scs that t he loads are applied no rmal to
the axis 1-1 as shown in the tables of clements of seetions, and that
the beam deflects vertically in the plane of bending only. If the
conditions of loading involve the introduction of forces outside this
plane of loading, the allowable safe loads must be determined from
the general theory of ft exure, in accordance with the mode of appli.
cation of the load and its character. This applies particularly to
Ul13ymmctricnl sections, such as lee bars and angles, which should
be used only under those conditions of loading where t he section
can deflect ve rtically only, being rigidly secured against lateral
deftection o r twisting throughout t he entire span. j n all such
cases of eccentric loading, the actual safe loads would be considerably
lower thnn the tabulated safe loads which have been bued upon
the m03t fnvorable cond itions of loading.
Vertial Od«t1oa. The "\<C1"tical deftection of a section under a
uniformly dinributed load is determined from formula:
Deftection, D 5 ~ j WI-S f £
.. D:><~"*; for span lellgth in feet, I,lJ!-L l" 1- L~ft
• D_ 15 fP inches
......
""""En
Steel, E-2!l,CKXl,CKXl; for fiber stresses of 18,000 and 16,000 ,)Qunds:
f_ lS,CKXl f_16,CKXl
. O.OI862V . O.OI6,).'H.'
Deflechon, D_ 2n Defteclion, D _ 2il
~istance from center line of gravity to extreme fiber.
Defteetion_ C()('~~ient
---"'------------'
",.
 BEAM SAFE L O ADS
-
. Deflectlon Cocltlelent. tor Fiber Streseel of 18.000 and 16.000 Pounds
Fiber 8u-
18.000 16.000
....,_. Is.ooo 1 IUoo
....,_. Fibtr 8t,...
18.000 16.000
",,, .,
,
3
,• 0.019
0.074
0.168
0.017
0.066
0.1 411
""
'"
8.212
9.012
11.850
8.011
8.756
" ... 31.301
32.847
34.430
27.S23
29.197
30.""

••,
,
0.298
0.466
0.670
0.912
I.Hl2
0.26.5
0.414
MOO
0.8 11
1.059
"26'"
""
10.726
11.638
12.588
13.574
14.599
9.534
10.345
11 .189
1 2.066
12.1177
."""
36.050
37.707
39AOl
41.133
42.002
32.044
33.517
35.023
36.003
3S. 135

.."• ,.,.. "

1.:;08 1.341 15.660 13.920 44.70S 39.741
1.862 LOM
'-000
30 16.759
17.894
14.807
15.006 ""
""
46.552
48.432
41.379
4:1.051

.....
"" 3.'" 2.681 2.383
"" 111.068 16.1149 50.350 44.756
3.147

4.190
4.767
2.797
3.2H
3.72"
4.237
.
33

"
36
20.278
21.526
22.810
24.132
IS.025
19.134
20.276
21.4o!H
n ....
""
55

""
52.306
54.298
56.32S
5S.395
46 .41l4
48.265
00.009
51.906

" 5.381
•.6.722
=
4.783
" 25.4112 600400 53. 777

.,"" "
5>63 36 26.888 23.901 62.640 55.680

7.H8
5.975
6.621 "., 28.322
29.793
25.175
26.483
50

"
64.8111
67.035
57.617
59.686

T he deflection, in inches, of seetiona subjected to transve rl!C

stresses due to uniformly distributed loads are obtained as follows:
S),mmCtrical SectlOllll. To find the deflection in inches of a section
symmctrical about the neutral axis, such as beams, ehanne19, :t!:CC8,
etc., divide the coefficient in the table corresponding to given span
and fiber stress by the dept b of the section in inches.
Unsymmetrical Section.. To find the dcflection in inches of a section
not symmetrical about the neutral axis, such as angle~, tees, etc.,
divide the coefficient corresponding to given span and fiber stre@s
by twice the distance of extreme fiber from ncutral axis obtained
from table of elements of sections.
Other Fiber St..-ee. To find the deflection of any section for
other fiber stresses tha n those given, multiply t he coefficient for
either 18000 or 16000 pounds fiber stress eorrespouding to the span
given by the ratio of desired fiber stress and 18000 or 16000.
Umlt8 or DotJeeuon. The deflection of floor beams carrying plaa.
tered ceilings should be limited to not more than ;11.0 of the
span Icngth; this limit ill indicated in the safe load tables by lower
tigzag line, is derived from the following formulas:
12L 15rLt En
Deliectlon. Dmu -~ ... -,;:n Umltlng Span. l.aw;."""T!lUl
r _ 18.OOO. I..aw;.-S.5SOn r _ 16.00. LIDu.._ 4.027D

'"
 ,
CARNEO I E STEEL COM.PANY

L.wnJ Dtllectloa of Ik. _ The tabular safe loads Ilrc based on the
sS/:mmptioD that the conlpre88ion flanges of the various sections arc
secured agaimt lateral dctlcetion by the use of tie rods or by other
mealUl at proper intervals.
Full tabular we loads may be 1J.9Cd up 1<1 a span length equal to
fifteen times tbe flange width, but whe n the unbraccd length exceeds
fifteen timCl the width, the tabular safe loads must be reduced in
accordanco with the ratiO!! givcll in the following table in order to
insure that the almlllle' in the compre88ion flangC8 do not exceed the
!lafe unit Itrese. Tho lateral unbraood leolth of beam.!! and girders
should not exceed forty time!! the width of the eomprC88;OIl flanges.
Rflductlon or Safe LoW, for Ratio of Span Lengtb to Flange Width, l I b.

Rouo,
'"
Tabulu ...... ,
IYCeaI.
......
'"
TabuJ ..........
P.. Ceat.
Ratio,

'"
I
T.buI.. Lood,
"..<>0.

"
15 ..5
".,
00.' ,.
"'.S ".,
,.., "
32.5
73.5
72.7

" 98.5 2.... 11

'M 33
,.
71.9

,... "'M
16.5 97.8 8 .... 7 33.' 71.2
97.1 83.' ,0 ....
"
17.6
"" .S 83.' ". 110.7

"
18.6
"".,
... ZO
82.2
81 ....
38
38.'
68.9
(18. 2
0 .... 1 ZO., ".S 117.4

.,"
19.6 W .•
92.6
28
28.5
79.8
79.0
"
36.5 ".,
,,..
"38
"
"
"'.S
21.5

22.5
I 91.8
91.0

....
90.3

88.7
...."'.'" 78.2
n.'
76.6
75.8
75.1
37.5

38.5

".,
39.5
".2

"".,.•
64.5

(12.4

" ~ .9 "
31.6 7 .... 3 (11.7
--
,. addition to thi8 lateral deReetion ..... hich ;, induccd within
the beam by the action of pure bending 8tressc8, lateral deRcetion
may be induced by the thTUllt of floor archei or other loading act·ing
on an axil perpendicular to the line of principal bending ItrclUl.
The thrust of these archei 8hould either be neutrali~ed by tie rods,
or the sale carrying capacity of the beam should be computed in
&ccordanee with the general formulas of Rexure to provide for the
. .
com billed stresaea due to the action of both vertical and honzontaJ
forceR; that il to 8ay, the lafe loadl Ihould be figurcd around both
the axes 1·1 and 2-2, alld the unit atreM computed 10 aa not to
cxceed the allowable fiber Itrel58.

'"
 BE AM S AF E LOAD S

""" 01 Impact n 8~ The formul ae upon which the tables of

safe loads are bflJlCd ft.S8ume all loads to be (luie8Cent or static. T he
effect of Dloving loads may be taken care of either by reducing the
allowable unit stresses, or else by increasing the theoretical loads.
When a load ia suddenly applied, the resulta nt at resscs arc twice ae
great as t h08e due to an equal quiCllccnt load.
When an ill8tlUltaneously applied load produces impact or percus-.
sion, the resultant Btresses are dynamic and are meaeured by the laws
governing the energy of bodies in motion. The following fonnulas
give the fiber atre88 and deflection due to a load falling on center of
a beam rigidly supported at both cnda when t he weight of beam
ia negligible as compared with t hat of falli ng load, and when no ac-
count is taken of tho local distortion due to impact or percusaion at
point of application of IMd; but when the weight of the beam is a
real factor, theoretical formulas do not agree with observed resultJII
and practical teats give values which are far le88 than th08e indicated
by theoretical formulas; this ia notably true in drop-testa of ades:
W = Weight of falling load, in pounds.
h _ Height of fall , in inches.
f _ Extre me fiber stress due t o static effect of load, W,
in pounda per square inch.
fd _ Extreme fiber stre88 due to impact of load, W,
in pounds per square inch.
D _ Deflection due to etatie effect of lORd, W, in inches.
D.:t _ Defleetion due to impact of load, W, in inches.
fd _ f( l + " i¥+ 1) Dd- DO+ " Bi+ l)
8hn.rl... 81..-. T ho safe load tables for beams and channels are
computed solely wit h reference to safo unit etressce duo to flelCure,
and the safe loads uniformly distributed on the spans given will not
produce elCcesaive s hearing stresses in the we b.
When, however, beams must support heavy 10Rde which are con·
eentrated near t be supportJil, or when beams of short span Rre loaded
with unifonnly distributed loads to t hei r full carrying capacity as
rega rds flexure, the bending momenta may be small in comparison
with t he reactions at t he supports, and the beams may fa.il along
the ne ut ral plane as a result of longitudinal ehearing strcfI8CS, or
may buckle as a result of the combined longitudinal and vertical
web Rtreaees. On auc h apans the safe shearing or buckling etrcngth
of t he web may limit the carrying capacity of t he beam, eo that the
deciding facto r will often be t he resistance of t he web to shea ring
atrell/lC8, rather than t he res istance of t he flanges to bending et rcsscs.
",.
 CAR-NEO I E STeEL COMPANV

Loqlll,dl...1 8~ ..r, A~ any point in any eectiOD of a beam, the

horizontal and vertical componenta of the web atre811 are equal to eaeb
other and proportional to the vertical shear; their intcnsitice are
dependent upon the diatance of the point from the' neutral axis, 10
order to determine the intclUlity of the vertical shearing IItrell8 at
a given point in a vertical scetion of the beam, therefore, it ill
sufficient to find the equal iDtel'lllity of the horilOntal shearing
etrc611 at the same point in the horilontal plane.
The longitudinal unit shear is lero at the upper and lower flanges
of the beam and a maxiruum at the neutral plane. It ill gretHest
at the aupports and ~ero where there ia no vertical ehear.
The iutcl'lllity of the longitudinal shear at any point in any l!ection
is the product of the vertical shear, V, for that 8CCtion and the
static moment, Mil, of the section ineluded between the horizontal
plane of shear through that point and the extreme fibers on the same
side of the neutral plane divided by the product of the Iliomenl of
inertia 01 the beam around the proper lUi8 and the thicknC811 Ilt the
Illane of shear; or
Longitudinalehcar per squ!l.re ineh_ V ~Il!,
t
Eu.mlllo-Requlred the mulmum Ionghudlnal
.hear per aqU&nl Ineh in. 24" 79.9 lb. beam Io&ded
.lth '.0 .,.mmctlical loads or 100.000 poundl
NCb, d.I8rep.nllue tbe wel¥:bt of \he beam.
~IlIorFIaDgeRect&ng'-71.60xll.7 _ 49.14
Mlor Flange Trianl'lllI-:J.2<;x.:;4ZIII.ZI9- 10,76
M10r Web _ 1I.40x.OOx.5.70 _ 32.49
~.-'-.
Total Static Moment lii1.'3ii
Moment of Inertia or Rea.m. 1-2087.2
LongitudInal Sbear-1OOOOOxlOt .39
20!17.2d';O
-il715 poundl per .cju.at'lllncb.

Under usual conditio08 01 loading, the 10llgitudinal,hear need not

be taken into cOn3ideration.

Bu~k l ;nll V.h,. ef 0. ... Webo.. The vertical shearing strclI8CS or the
vertical comprell8ive components of the web streSl! may, under some
conditions, exceed the we resistance of the beam to buckling, Ilnd
there remai ns the ()OIIIIibility that a web which is amply 8CCUf6 81
agai08t the safe allowed shear will not be or sufficient 8trength when
considered &8 a column. In lIuch Ca.aell provi.aion Dlll3t be made for
security againat buckling either by web etiffenere or by increasing
the tbieknel8 of the web.
-------:,.:"::
 BEAM SAFE LOADS

A I5erics of cxperimente have boon carried out on beams of vllrioul

depthe and wch thickne8I!C1 to arrive at a basis for a simplcr method
of computation to UI5e in the investigation of tbc safe buckling
resistance of benDlll witb UlUlUpported ""ehe, and from theee experi-
menta the following formulM have been deduced:
."_ ". Sale en d reaction
. R- rb"t (a +d,
T

di
"'!!!!!"
W_ 2fb"t (al+~)
FFi"F~--__ Safe interior load

~._ In the formwa8 R i, the end reaction, W the concentrated

load, t the web thickneIJII, d the depth of tbe beam, 0. 1 half the dil-
tance over which the concentrated load is applied and a the whole
dista nce over which the end reaction is applied, while fb is the safe
resistance of the web to buckling in pounds per square inch ,
obtained from formula: 19000-100 d / 2r _ 19000-173 d/ t.
The IinIt formula is general and appiiCII to any conditioD of
loading. The eeeond formula is for a single load concentrated at the
center of a spa.n; it can be extended for aSYHtem of conccntrated loads,
provided t he sum of the distaneCII a l is not iC811 than a.
The tablce give for beaml and channels with unlupported webs:
I. Allowed web rCllistancc fb, in pounds per square inch , com-
puted from tbil compretlllion formula.
2. The distance a, or the distaoee over which the end reaction
must be distributed when the shea.ring StfC68, V, in the web is the
Inaximum allowable of 12,000 and 10,000 pounds per square inch.
3. The allowable end reaction (R) whe n a is taken at 3 Ii",
which is the usual length of beam actually rceting on the 4" anglea
ordinarily used in building construction ror beam scats.
4. The allowable shear V, on the grOSll area of beam or channel
webs at 12,000 Rnd 10,000 poundl! per square inch.
Mad.lI. n...dl., Mo_ta.. In addition to data referring to maxi-
mum loads on bealIllJ and channell! as computed from the web reai&-
tancc, thet!e tables &180 give the maximum bending moments in fooL
pound", obtained by multiplying the seetion modulu" of each lcelion
by the allowed fibe r strCll3 of 18,000 !lnd 16,000 pounds and dividing
the product by 12 in order to reduce kl a foot-pound basil!.
Thcee maximum bending momentl may be ulled on inepection
instead of the table or properties to ascertain the proper lise IIICction
to be used in anS· particular instance.

""
 CARNEOII!. STEEL COMPANY

1
BEA.\fS
~IAXIloIU)I BESD I SO MOMENTS ASD WEB RUISTASCE8
Beadlna s~ 18. 000 l'ound. -8hll6l'i ng Sireas 12,000 Pound.
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 BEAM SAFe l.OADS-FIB ER ST RE SS 18,000

BEA.i\1S
MAXI)! U)I BBSDINO ~ {OllENT8 AND WEI.! R B81STANCE8
Bonding SIren 18,000 Pound.- Shcaring Slroa 12,000 Pound,

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<0,-
 CARNEO I I! STEI!L COM P ANY

CHAX~ELS

tooiAxnwlrol BEND I SO MO:llESTS ASD WEO RE8I!\TASCE8

s-t1f\A' 81re. 18.000 Pound. - 811ea1iDJ! 81re. 12,000 Pound.

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 BEAM SAFE I.OAn S-F IB E R STRESS 18.000
_-=.:cc..:...:
BEAMS
ALLOWADl.& UNlf-oUM to.\D I N THOIlSANDS OF POIlNDS
AvvUcable onl y whon ~tlom ani braood agalnlt lateral deftooUou.
For unbra.eed .ectlonl nfo 10ad.8 n,ult bel rOOuced. _ page 101.
MuhnullI Dendlns 81'-. 18.000 Pound_ ver SqU&l'O I nch

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13 231.6 226.2 220.7 216.3 182. 4 171.0 171.6 16(1. 1 100.6 3.15
14 215.1 210.0 2()U) 200.8 169.4 164.4 169.3 IM.3 149.1 3.65
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18 188.2 183.8 119.3 175.7 148.2 143.8 139.4 135.0 130.5 4.71
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18 167.3 163.4 169.4 1(\(1.2 131.8 127.0 12:1.0 1 120.0 116.0 6.OJ
10 158.1i 154 .8 15 1.0 148.0 124.8 121.1 11 7.4 113.7 109.9 6 .72
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25 12().4 117.6 114 .8 112.5 94.9 92. 1 SQ.2 8(1.4 83.t. 11.6"
2G 115.8 113. 1 110.4 108.1 91.2 88.5 8.'1.8 83.1 80.3 12.69
27 III.Ii 108.9 108.3 104.1 81.8 66.2 82.8 800 71.3 13.li7
28 107.5 IM.O 102.6 100.4 84.1 82.2 711.6 77'1 1 74.6 14.60
21'1 103.8 101.4 V8.9 98.9 81.8 79.4 76.9 74:6 72.0 16.66
30 100,4 98.0 95.6 93.1 79. 1 76.7 74.3 72.0 69.6 16.78
31 97.1 94.9 92.6 00.1 1 76 .5 74 .2 7 1.9 69.1 67.3 17.89
32 94.1 91.9 89.1 87.9 74.1 11.9 00.7 67.5 11.5.2 19.07
83 9t.2 80. 1 116.9 8.5.2 71.9 69.7 61.8 11.5.4 63.3 20.28
3.. 88.8 8&.6 84.4 82.1 60.8 61.1 11.5.6 63.5 6 1.4 21.63
S6 8&.0 84.0 82.0 80.3 67.8 11.5.8 63.7 61.1 59.6 22.81
86 83.6 81.1 1 19.7 78.1 65.9 63.9 61.9 60.0 58.0 24. 13
al 81.4 79.6 77.6 16.0 64 .1 82.2 110.3 58.4 56.4 2t..49
38 79.2 77.4 76.6 74.0 62.4 60.6 68.7 6(1.8 64.9 2G.89
39 71.2 16.4 13.6 72.1 60.8 .w.0 61.2 M.4 63.6 28.32
oW 16.3 73.6 71.7 70.3 .w.3 61.6 M.8 64.0 62.2 211.79
1
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...
 CARNEO IE STEEL COMPANY
.------=
BEAMS
ALLOWAI)[,t;; USIFORY UMD IS T II OUBASDS OF PO U SDfI
Applicablo only ... hen IIOCtions are braced .. !aln8~ lateral dl'1lectloo.
For unbraecd IIOCtionS ufo loads man be reduced. _ I ~ WI.
Mulml.lm Uendll1ll Stress. 18,000 Pounds per Square Ineh

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7&.1 73.3 63.4 10.73
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73.3 "., M.' 62.8
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 BEA M S AF E LOAOS-F I BE R STRESS 18. 000

• U I~A'\ I S

ALLoWABLE UNlrQRM LoU) IN T UOUI!I.\NDS OF POUNDS

AppUcabie on ly when .eo;:tlon. aN! braced A8a1ltl1t lateral detlectlon.
Por untnced ~ion. we hlo&d.- mUHt he r«IOOIld. _ pap 101.

...,.,
Mulmum Bendin,g S..-- 18.000 Pounds ~~ SQuare I llch

Dtpth and lI"et.lbl <J SectoOlLl r:-;

;.

=.,
;0
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It... I J...

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2:14.0
24-4.7 . ,., 210.9211 I TIJnI62.8 I M0m:1ilT:l 0. 47
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6
1 I I 1 I I
1203.1) 195.U 186.2Ii'lQ1 I S3.3 176.9 168.... 162. 4 1311.7 128.3 120.0 117.8 0.67
7 174.8167.2100.6 15U:' 157. 1 100.8 L44.u I31).2116.3 I 10.0 103.6 101.0 0.9 1
8 152.91 46.3130.6 132.6 137.41:11.9126.4121.810 1.700.200.7 88.4 1.1 9
o 135.0 130.0124 . 1 117.9122.21 17.3112.4 108.300.4 M .... SO.6 78 .... 1.6 1
10 122.3 117.0 111.7 106.1 110.0106 .... 101.11
07.~ 81.4 ~.Ol 72.6 70.7 1.86

II
1 1 1
111.2106.4101.6 96.4 IOO.J 00.9
191.~ 1
88.11 14.0 .0.0 l1li.0 114.3' 2.25
12 101.9 07.5 93.1 88.4~ OI.G 88.0 84] 8 1.2 G7.8 G4 .2 60 .... 118.~ 2.68
13 94. 1 00.0 8.5.0 81. 84.G 81.2 77. 7 ....0 G2.6 69.2 M.8 64.4 3.1'"
14 87.4 83.6 70.~ 75.8 78.~ 75. 4 72.2 60.6 68.1 M.O, "' 1.8 .00.6 3.65
1& 8 1 .~ 78.0, 14.5 70.t 73.3 70.41 6 7. 65.~ 54.3 51.3 48. 4 47. 1 4 .19
16 76.~ 73. 1 69. 66.3 68. 66.0; 63. 60.01 110.01 48.11 46.31 44. 4.77
17 72.0 68.8 M.7 62.4 64. 62. 1 69. 67.3 47.0 46.3 42.7 41.6 11.38
18 68.0 11.5.0 62.1 ~.9 Gl.l 68.6 MI.2 54.1 ' 4.5.2 42.10 40.3 30.3. 6.03
10 64.4 GI.6 58.8 5.5.8 67.9 65 . .5 M.2 51.3 42.8 40 .... 38.2 37.2 6.72
"' 1 6 1.2 68.11 505.0 M.O S6.0~ 112.~ 60.6~ 48.7\ 40.7 38.5 36.3 311.3 7.45
21
1 1
58.3 M.7 M.2 50.5 52.40 50.!! 48.2 46.4 38.8 36.~
3 4 ..5 3-1.7 8.21
22 5&.~6 63.2 50.8 48.2 50. 48.~ 46. 44 .3 37.0 35.0 33'() 32.1 0.01
2:J 53. 50.0 4 8.~ 46. 1 47.8 4f•• 9 4 4. 42 .4 36. 4 33.5· 31.5 30.7 IUil>
24
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5 1. 48.8 46. 44.2 45. '14 .,42. 1 40.6 3:1.0 32.11 30.2 29.1';, 10.73
4 8. 1 46.8 44.7 42.4 44 . 42.21 40·~ 39.0; 32.6) 30.~ 29.0 28.3 11.6 4
1
1 1
26 47.1 45.0 4:1.0 40.8 402 40.6 38. 37.l> 3 1.3 29.G 27.9 27.212.59
21 .f<;.3 43.3, 41. ... 39.3 40. 30.1 37.1 36. 1 30.1 28.5.26.9 26.2, 13.67
28 4:1.7 41.8 39.9 37.9 .... n.. M.' .... ..., n.1 .... ...• 14.60
29 42.2 40.4 38.11 36.6 .... .... .... ".1 ... , ".1 11.. .... It-.M
30 40.~ 39.~ 37.21 35.4 .... 1f.1 ".. ".1 ... , .... ...t .... 111.711
31
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l 111
 CARNEGIE STE E L COM PA NY
~~---

OEA)IS
.Au.oWAIltA: UXIFORl.I 1,o.\D IX TIIOUIIAXDS OF POUX 0 8
Applk:ab~ o nly ..hen ~1oN.~ braced ac.I1U!~ lateral deHectlon.
I'Qr \lnbraoed IIIlCtioDI: tare I ~ 1IIU1~ be l"8tluoed. _ pafffI 101.
:'IIulmllIll Ik:ndlng St",". I 8, OOO P ound8 per Squire Inch

.... ~tht.lldWoiPufs.._ ,"I

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127.7 120.7
106.6 101).!;
13.6
94.7 89.7
1Kl.8 11!!1:3"""" 76.8 ! 70.0
76.1 11.9 63.2 1'>8.31
6f. l
63."
68.6
48.8
0.47
0.117
,
.
0 1.3 86.2 81.2 76.8 6" .0 61.7 604.2 50.0 I "6.8 "UI 0.01
711.8 76." 7 1.0 67.2 16O.S ...... 0 ·47 ." 43.1 oW.1 36.11 l.10
•
7 1.0 117.0
63.0 60.3
63.1
66.8
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63.8
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38.0 35.6
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32.6
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68. 1 M.8 6 1.6 48.9 1 41.3 30.2 34.6 I 3 1.8 29.1 26.11 2.26

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3 1.D 30.2 28.4 2CI.0 22,7 21.11 .... ".. ,...1 ".1 7.46
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' - d l abo¥e UWO'I' ",,",-Uollu. .,11 pro,h.c. .....,....,'" allowable ..... ID .fbl.
I..oodt ~ low •• ~taJ 1;- will ~ ......... ~
y,. »>Ulal"", tal.IoW>... IabMof MuimIIm Bt1Mlilll MOCDeIIII """ Wfb ~

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 S EA M SA F E LOA DS- FIS E R S TR ESS 18.,000

BEAMS
AUOWABLE U:nYORM LoAD IN THOUSAN DS OF Pou:-;ns
APllilcable only when ~Ionl are braced aga1n8~ lateral d ... H~IIo" .
FQI" unbrace<J !IOCtlo... safe load, n.un be !'educed. _1I8oi0l 101.
MUir"u", ikndlng StreM. 18, 000 Pounds JlI'r SQuire I nch

Depth and woi&I>t 01 St<linDl @j i' ~.§

F.,
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21.8
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" 74.2 67.6 60.9 1 ~~.~ C,I.O 48,1 411,2 ~~.: 36.0 33.4 3l.l 0.30
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18.6
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17.5 16.4 13.5
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14,4 13.4
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19.1 17A I 14.4 IM.O 11.6 8.li 8.~' 7'j 7,2 4,6 4 . 4.0 0:47

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 CARNEOIE STEEL COM PA N Y

CHANNELS
Au.oWAnI.E UNlroR~r Lo.\D iN TIIOU8ANDS OF P OUSD8
AppUcable only w hen tIOOllons are brllCCd aglllllllt lateral dcHeetlon.
For unbracod eool!on. I!3 te load. mUllt 00 rcducOO. _ pall6 101.

e,:. ,:. ,:.

;),I axlm"", Bending Stress. 18,000 Pounds per SQuare In('11

-"7.=,--:"'
IS lad.
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4 1716160 71 149.5 1:18 6 ' . . . . 1 4" . 4134 8 1~2TTIr.3rrnTTlll'Jl 0.30
." 137.31 128.~b I I 0.6110.81 102.0100.01 11 6.:.107.1I100.2j 9s.6 02.6 87.7 0.47
6
7
114.4\07.1 99~92.4 85.J
83.4 00.3 89.91 83.sl 70.7 1 77.11 73. 1
98.1 91. 85. 79.2 72.9 7 1.4 82.6 77.0 71.6 68.3 66.1 62.6
0 .67
0.9 1
8 85.8 80.3 74. 69.3 63.7 62.S 72.2 67.4 62.6 MI.7 67.b S4.8 1.19
o 76.3 71.4 66 61.6 116.7 M.6 64.2 MI.91
M.7 ~. I SI.4 4 8.7 LSI
" 1 68.6 601.3 50. M.4 S l.j SO S7.S [,.3.9 00.1 47.8 46.3 43.8 1.86
62.4 58.4 /H,. SO.4 46~4 4S.6 52.S 40.0 46.S,1 43.S, 42. 11 30.0
1
II 2.25
12 S,7.2 113.6 40 . 46.2 42 41.. 48.1 44.9 41.7 39.8 38.6 36.&- 2.68
13 62. 40.4 46.0 42 .6 30.2 38.6 44.4 41.6 38. 36.8 36.6 33.7 3.15
" 1 4fl. 45. 4:.1.7 30.6 36. 35.7 41.3 38.5 35. 3 4 .1 33.1 :11.3 3.65
Hi 45. 42. 39. 36.01 34. 33. 38.~ 36.9 33.4 31.9 30.01 29. 4.10
\6 42. 40. 3 7.4 34.~ 8 1. 31.8 36. 1 33.7 31.3 20.0 28.9 27.4 4.77
17 40.4 37. 35.2 32.6 30. 29.4 34. 8 1.1 29. 28.1 127.2 25.8 :'.38
IS 38.1 M.7 33.2 30.8 28.3 27 .8 32.\ 30.0 27. 26.6 25.7 24. 6.03
10 36. 1 33. 3 1. 29.2 26.s 26.3 30.4 2S.4 26.4 25.2 24.4 23. 1 6.72
20 34.3 32. 1 ZO. 27.7 2<>.1'>1 2I'>.0! 28.9! 27.0 21'>. 23.9 23.1 21.9 7.46
21 32. 30. 28. 2!I.41 24i/23.S 27.1'>, 25.7 23. 22.8 22.0 20. 8.2 \

~ ~:~2~:
24
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2527. 25.7 23. 22.2 20. 20.0 n., 11.' IO.~ II.' "" 111.64 10.1

26 26.' 24. 23. 21.3 19.6 19.2 .... 10.' .... If.' ".t IO.t 12.69
27 25.4 23. 22.2 20.,. 111. 18.S II. ' 10.' II.. If.' "., '•.• 13.<.7
28
29
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1:'.66
au .... II.' 10.' ILl ".. IO.T \6.76

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 BEAM SAFE L OAOS-F I 6EP. STP.ESS 18 000
- •
CHA~XELS
ALI.OWADI.E U:"IFOIBI LOAD 1:-" TIIOCSA:-;US OF P OUNDS
Af,pLlcable onlf when sections are bn.ced agaln.lt lateral deflection.
'01' unlJrace< "'I<:tlQn.I "rC I'lads mus~ 00 reduct.'t.I, see page 101.

- :'Ilaslmum Ilclldlng S\rcM, 18.000 Pounds per Square I tl<;h

o.pch .1Id \\'~t 01 Se<:lio.. -;:--

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56.2 fil.l 46. 1 41.0 30.0 39.5 35.3 31.1 26.9 22.0 0.91

•
I 49.1
43.7
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28.7
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328 26.9 21. 4
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27.5 24.8 22. 1 lD.7 21.3 19.0 16.7 14.5 12.3 3.15
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12.8 11.1 5.38
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r.o.do .b,,,·e Uppt'f horioont" Ii .... will prod".. l1l.llimulI\ .. l.... ble ....ar \0 .~bo.
Lo.dI btl.,... 10_ hanlOnt" Ii...... l~_ ""....." dcfIeetioclo.
For....ru:.",m. eafeJoado IItoe t.lbI.. 01 aUmum Bu,h.. }i<)ft>tlll& &ad Web Rait\&ncs.
 CAA,NEO I E STEEL CQM, PANV
.:.:..:::...:--
CHAKNELS
AU.(}WADI,r. UNIYOKM LoAI) I N THOUSAXDS 0 .' POUND"
Ai'I)llcable onl)' .. ben .eetlollS are braood against lateral deUectlon.
Fw unbraood .uo;tlO"" sar.., loads Itlun be fi'dueod. see page 10 1.
:\1a.dmUIll l).endlng 8t...-, 18.000 I'ounds per SQuare Inch

....,.. Ukb
Depc.It ud W.,.b, '" 8tttOoooo

Uk' n kb
-r.;-
~ il
" 25 20 16 ~u 11251 1$..1~I~lS16 II~ Itn HZ!>'! l4t5 1125 t - .~
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3 6276J.S 45.U '. 476143.7 13983f>.8 .37.83433011216
47.040.433 83Ui 35.732 8N 826D24 2283 258 23 2 2OJ) 18 1 030
. 017
37 .6 32.3jn .0 IZll.2 28.6 26.2 23.9 21.6 10.4 22.7 j20.6!18.6) 16.6,14 .610.4 7

•,, 1 1
3 1.426.0 22.621.023.821.01H'.O j17.0!16.2 18.9 17.2 HL5 13.7 12.0 0.67
1
..
26.923.110.3
1 18.0 20.4 18.7 17.0 IlI.4 13.8 16.2 101.7 13.3 11 .8 10.3 ° .91
23.520.216.9 16.S 17.916.41 01 .0 13.01 12.1101.212.911.610.3 g.O 1.19 1
• 20.917.9 Il1.0 1".0 Ift.9 1".6 13.3 11 .9 10.8 12.6 11." 10.3 11 .2 8.0' 11>1
IS. 8 16.2 13.6112.6 101,3 13.1(.9 10.81 9.7 11.3 10.3 9.31 8.2 7.21.86
n 17.11".712.311.313.0 11.910.8 9.8 8. 10.3 1 0.01 8." 7.6 6.62.U.

..
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14.512.01
11.310.511.910.9
10.4 0.711.010.1
0.9 0.0 8., " 1 8.~
0.2 8.3 7 .•.• 1.'
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..7.7 6.g 6.
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12.510.8 0.0 8.4 •.• ... ... '.t I.t T.I •.• • .• 4.10
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U.810.1 8.4 7.9 01 .77

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t..do abo¥1o U",,", ....n--1It.I1iD.-1riI1 ~ muiaoum .JloonbI. ..... iD ~
1.-10 below I""". boriJoa\tJ liBN will produ.. II"","," dt!IoetiooaL
For marimuot ..,. 10I0J0 ... tableo 01. Muim"", 8e""iDC M_DII ud Web~.

no
 BEA!" S AFE LOAO S-F IB ER. STRESS 18.000

:\USCELLANEOUS BEA:\IS
."u.oWASLE UlIiU'ORloi LoAD IS TUOC8ASD8 OF POUt'm8
Appll~16 only .. hen -=trOllS ani braced &g&lnU Ia.teral dl'llCCtl(ln
Por unbra.eed .ectiOll.l tare loa.d, mWlt be roduood, _ page 10 1.
;\,.dmum Bending Stre&ll. 18.000 Pound. PC!' Squa.1'e Inch

H BEA;\IS

DtpUo oad ""tipt 01 ~ 0.4-

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• 81mh el ... h , I""h 41""h
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'To obtai.ao cW\IJetiooLI iii... Cool5ei••11 ~t"'" tJ.. u.- 01 _ml uio l.-ulL=o
f .... obtaiDed 1r'()lD. table ,""" EIeoau!O 01 er- . Seo.-.
 CA R NE O I E S T E EL CO MPA NY

l-NEQUA I.. ANG LES

S .. tnal A:III. PanIl.1 I. SIIo.rtff ....
Au.oWAIlI,l: UNU'OKlo! L(u!) IS TUOl:8.oWS Ot' Pou!>;os

Apv/.1c&1Jl1I only when RCtlon. are r igidly .ecured ~t lateral deOectloo

MulmulU Sending St ....... , 18,000 Pounds per Squ..-e Ineh

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97.80 11.47 17.9 ·" -'.76 3.70 12.1

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120.00 7.78
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111.00 -1 ,77 1.5.9
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117.96
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38.76
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3\1.84 2.74
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 BEAM. SAFE LOADS- F I BER ST RE SS 18,000

UNEQUAL ANGL ES
Nfl'I..1 Ad. P ....11.1 10 [.0 . . . . ~

Au,owAOU; UNIrolUI 1.,0.\0 IN THOUSANDS OF POU NI)8

AJ)vlleab lo only .. ben ~Uon. are rlgldly ~ .,.In.1 Ia.leral deflectIon

Mulmum Dendln, Sl~. 18,000 I>nund. ~ SQu.re Inch

~~ "oo,
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 CARNEO I E STEE L COM.PANY

UNEQUA L A:-i'GLES
S ..lInl ....!. Pualkl to SIo4....... ' -
AUOWA8l..& US IFORlt L OA!) IS TUOU8ASDS OF P OUNDS
AllpUcabifl 001, ... boo .edlon. _ Mildly oeeured .galDl~ IatenLI delleetlon
:'tlnlmum Uendlna 8t ....... 18,0CKl Pouncia per 8qu_ I nch

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10.68
9.36
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3.3.00 3,47 6.48 0.00 7.2
30.72 3.20
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 SEAM SAFE LO ADS-F IBE R STRESS 18,000

UNEQUAL ANG LE.' i

N ... I..I A11. Parallel 10 Lo_ ~

ALLOWAOU: USIVORM LoA!) I S TnOU8,\S[)6 Ot· POUSOS

Applicable only .. Ilea IeCtIoM are n.ldly IIeICUf'ed aplNIt lal<.'ral deftectklo.
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 CA k NEOIE STEEL COMPANY

EQUAL AXGLES
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 C AR NEO II! STeeL CO C
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 CAR N eOIE STEeL COMPANY
---
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Depth .Dd W.ilht oI8e<:ti<>", .. !!

~ I.

r:I ~ ' ~ 1"'·1 n' ~~ " I~~ n

- -..
~ ,~ ,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ k

.....
-.. .....
- ~~~~ I ~~ -
, ..... ..... ....•
"'IT]~
-:rnT.""4 0.00

,,
~ .

7 -:Js2T
334.5
I
. .. 30 1.2 -w.r.r~:r "0.'
26,"J.6 21>,'",.7 247.8 ~~r.g- ..00
297.4 200.4 2SJ.4 """"'1'1"f";'1 2,"J<I.2 227.3 2203 213.3 2Q6.1
0.81
1.34
! !
267.6 1 261.4 2M.O 1 249.9 1 210.S 1 204.6 198.2 192.0 ! . 85.5
"" 2<13.3 237.6 23UI 227 .2 191.7 186.0 ISO.2 174.5 168.7 2.00
223.0 217 .8 212. 5 208.3 175.7 170.5 165.2 100.0 154. 6 2.38
"" = .0 20\.1 1116.2 192.2 162.2 157.4 15 2.5 147.7 142.7 2.SO
191.2 186.7 182.2 178.5 150.6 146.1 141.6 137. 1 132.5 3.24

"" 178.4 1 174.3 1 170.0 166.6 140.... 136.4 132.2 128.0 ! 123.7 3.72
167.3 163.4 159.4 156.2 131.8 127.D 123.9 120.0 11 6.0 4.24
"" 157.4 1503.8 150.0 147.0 124.0 120.3 116.6 112.9 100.1
148 .• 145.2 141.7 138.8 117.1 113.7 110.1 106.7 IO."U
4.78
5.36
"
III 140.0 137.6 134.2 131.1; 111.0
133.8 130.7 127.5 1~.0 10$.<1 102.3
107.7
"'.,
104.3 101.0 97.6 6.118
92.8 6.62
" 00."

".,
,.""
127.4 124.6 1 121.4 119.0 100.4 97.4 94.<1 91.4 88.3
12 1.6 11 8.8 115.9 1 13.6 05.8 00.0 00.' 87.3 7 ""
8.01
23
o·
_0
116.4 113.6 110.9 108.7
111.5 IOS.9 106.3 104.1
107.1 104.6 102.0 100.0 ...,
9 1.7
87.8
88.9
".2
81.8
80.2
82.6
70.3
SJ.5
SOO
76.8
,,,
SO.7 8.76
77.3
74.2 0.3>
,.'"
102.9 100.5
"-, 00.'
0-
98.1 00.'
06.' 94.5 92.6 78.1
8 1.1 78.7
75.8
76.2
73.4 ..., ,,,.
13.8
71.1
71.4 1.19
68.7 2.07

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95.6
92.3 00.'
87. 1 ... ....
01. 1
87.9
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75. 3
72.7
70.3
73. 1
70.5
68.2
70. 8
68.4
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66.1
68.6
64.0
,,
2.98
64.0 3.92
61.8 '.90

"
32
'M 84.3 82.3 78.1
SJ.a 8 1.7 19.7
68.0
6.'>.9
....0
63.9
6.1 .Jl
62.0
6 1.0
,,
60.8 5.!H
00.' 68.0 6.95
".0 62.0 OU 58. 2 56.2 ,.ro
"" Sl.I
78.7
76.5
79.2
76.9
74.7
77.3
75.0
72 .9
.5.7
73.ft
71.4
62.0 002
00.' ,',8.1> ' M
58.."1 3M
r.;;.28
"'0 03.0
54.6 l~·13

"" 74 .3 72.6 70.8

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OOA 58. 6 " .S SO. , 63.3 51.6 2 1.45,,
.
37

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72.3

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70.4
68.6

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70 .6
68. 8
67.0
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,...
68.0
67.1

62.2
67.5
65.8
64.1
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57.0
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M.4
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52.5
,',1. I
49.9
5 2.2
5 1.9
00.5
OO. S 49.2
46 .6
4 8.4
4 8.0
46.8
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48 .8 '.00
47.6 ~ 6.48
46.4
5.18

45.3 27.82
" .7 62.2 00.7 59.5 "'.2 48 .7 47 .2 45.7 44.2
"'."
...
62.2 69.3 58.1 49 .0 47 .6 46 .1 43 .1 "'.00
" 00.' H .6
..
,... '"
H 00.' M>.' 58.0 47.0 46 .5 45. 1 43.6 4 2.2 3 2.04
'M 46.S 45.5
.," ".,
50.5 58.1 ".7 44. 1 42.7 41.2 33.52
41..
58.2

., K.' I
".8
M .6 54.3
64.3
~.2 "'.,
45.8

"'..
44.0
44 .5
4.1 .5
43.1
42 .2
40 .3 3 5.02
39 .t. 36.56

50
M,8.. 54 .ft
N .•
N.'
K.'
II.' N.'
., .0
....
53 ..!.. 52.1
I ••• .... K.'
M.'
4,"J.9
• •. 0
' 1.1
42.0 ...41.3
M'
K'
38.7 3 8.14
- '07.. I~9.74
H., 4 1.38
,
CARNEO I E STEEL COMPANY

BEAMS
A.u.oW.lI.IUl UN IFOItM LoAD IN THOUSANDS 0 .. P OUNOf'I
AppUcable only when sections aru bl'aol'd agalnn latera.l detlect1on.
For Wlbraced IIOCtlO"~ .tare Load~ mUSL 00 redUC<ld, _ page 10l.
_ _T~'~larlmum Bending 9t..-. 16.000 Poundllper SQ.1l&l'(l Inch

8
,"
W "
U

""
"" ".2..
" 4.78

.,""" !i.36
:U18
6.62

""
""
"
""
""
'"
""
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"
""
38
38
., H.'

"

'"
 BEAM SA FE LO A OS- FIB E R. S T R E SS 16,000

BEM.IS
A u.oWA DLE UI'IYOIUI LoAD IN T UOOSANDS O F P OUNDS
AppUeablo only ...·hon !IOCUo n8 are braced Rgalnlt lateral deflection.
J.'or unbl"aced soctlons sa.fe loads mWlt be rod1.KXld. _ page 10 1.
).1Rl:lmum Ben ding Strofl'l. Pounds per Square I n ch

....
....
".~
..., ".' .... II.' .... 1

,
. ... bo .

".
 CARNEG I I! S TEEL COM PA N Y

BEAMS
ALLOWABLE UNIt'OR.\I LoU) I N T IIOUS.\NDS OF POUNDS
Applicable Qnly when sectlQns an'! bnr.eod agaInst lateral deHOCIIQn .
For unbraeed !leetlons Bare loada Dlust be rOOuood.. _ l.age 101.
Mulmum Bending Strees. 16,000 Pound8 per Squan'! In ch

Deplh aDd W~t of SoetioDt

.
S..,
f., . n]".b
3~ 131.8 , 40 1 35 30 I 2H ;., ~
10b" b
'I
~i'5i!
,... ,,.
~ 45 I fI}.8
-It.- -It.- -It.- -It...- -It.- -It...- -It...- -Ibt.- - -
,.... I'u, I ,... 11 ••

,, ... """ -rn:r -=-I ....-.

3 '.0 ' ,ot T roT ro::r:T .. . 0.15
141.9 mT'r.m::r " 0.' 84.3 77.1 0.27
!vnf 0,41
,, 113.a 107.2 1101.0 SO.7 67.4 62.2
".0

. ..,.. "'.,
9".6 89.4 84.2 19.7 61.3 63.' 5 1.8 47.a 43.4 0.00
8t.1 76.6 72.1 68.3 57.6 54.8 48.2 44.4 40.7 37.2 0.81
8 71.0 61.0 63.' .>;9,8 48.0 42.1 38.9 35.6 32.6 1.00
• "63.' 56.1 &3.1 ""
44 .9 42.6 37.a 34,6 :U.6 28.9 1.34

. 41.8 38.4 33.7 31.1 28.5 26.0 >.66

" "'.8 53.G 1 50.5
130.6 Z,.,

..
fil.6 48. i 45.9 43.5 3G.7 34.9 28,3 25.!l '.00
" " 4'1.7 28. 1 25.9 23.7 2 1.7 2.3S
•3

.," <0.'
43.7
87.8
41.2
38.3
85.7
-12.1 all.8
38.8 36.8
.16.1 :J4.2
33.1 1 3 1.!l
'"
31.0
28.8
26.!l
32.0
29.5
27.4
25.6
I Udl
24.1
22.5
2.1.9
22.2
30.'
2UI
30'
19.0
30.0
18.6
17."
'.80
3.24
3.72

•• ,,.. 33.6 "'., 4.:M

"..
35,5 31.6 29.9 24.0 21.1 HI..! 17.8 16.3
"'.,
'M ·1. ~8

"
.8
••
30
3 1.5
39.'
28.4
3 1.5
28.2
26.8
28.1
26.6
25.3
28.1
26.6
".3
23.11
22."
21.2
30.'
22.6
21.
20,2
19.2
3
111.8
1l i.7
IS.7
16.9
I
I S.3
17.3
16."
15.5
16.8
15.8
15.0
1".2
15.3
14.5
13.7
13.0 I
.... 36
5.98
6.62

27.0 25.5 1 2".0 I 22.8 1!l.2 18..1 •.

, ····1
, ".,
II.' ... , ....
II., ,,.. 7.30

",."'" 25.8 24 ." 23.0 2 1.7 18.3 17." ,I., 8.01

.... ... ... ,

2".7 "'.3 22.0 30.8 11.5 16.7 8.16
23.1.. 22.3 21.0.
".,
19.9 16.8
....
16.0 9.53

"
" "., •.. ,"., 11.'
II.'
U.I I ..,. ,
Lo&do above UWO' bori..,..,.1 li_ -.ill prOduc-e ",,,,im,,,,, oil_obi' ........ in ",bI.
Lo&do btlo.- botUoo:>taIlu- -.ill prod _ _ v, do6ec!ioaa.
10,3a

""
Fgr wuimum 1I&Iel-u _ lObi .. ", Muililum &adi", ~I .,....nll ~a.d W.b R....! _

...
 BEA"\ SA FE LOA DS- FIBER STRESS 16,000

BEAl\lS
Au.cWABL!: UNIFORM LoAD I N THOUSA ND8 OF PO UND8
ApJ)Ucable o n l)' wh <:'n SIlCtlons are braced agaJnst Ia.teral de/lecllon.
For unbrlWlXl ~ect!On.8 sare load, Illun be rOOuood. _ page IO!.
M axhllurn DendlllSl' Slre85. 16,000 Pound. per Square Inch

sr,:n 9 100:b 8 b oh 71""h

~ M \ ~ ~ 21~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1M 20 IU tU
I t.. It.. It.. I bL_f ~ It., .~ It.. IbL It.. It..

~-=- so'j 1--1-- ~".·"rl1~"~·lr+i"~·*· -;r.arl ".O · I~

~ !U I m Ma l ~:4
5
00:1
52.8 4 8.1 ! 43.3 40.3
1m 42.8 40.2
36.3 34.2 32.1 30.3
~.~ ".0 0.15
32.0 29.7 ~ 0.2 7
25.6 23.7 22. 1 0.011
6 44.0 40.1 36.1 3.1.6 30.2 28.5 26.8 25.:1 21.3 10.8 18.4 ,0.00
7 37 .7 34.3 31.0 28.8 25.9 24.4 22.0 21.7 18.3 17.0 15.8 0. 8 1
8 33.0 30,0 27.1 25.2 22.7 21.4 ZO.1 19.0 16.0 14.8 13.8 1.06
9 29.3 20.7 24.1 22.4 ZO.2 10.0 17.9 10.9 14.2 13.2 12.:1 1.34
10 26.4 24.0 21.7 :lO.1 18.1 17.1 16.1 15.2 12.8 11.0 11.0 1.66
24.0 2 1.8 10.7 18.3 16.5 15.6 14.6 13.8 11,6 10.8 10.0 2.00

""" 22.0
20.3
18 .8
ZO.O
18.5
17.2
18.1
10.1
15.5
10.8
15.5
14.4
15.1
14.0
13.0
14.3
I:i.2
12.2
13.4 12.6
12.4 11.7
11.5 10.8
10.7
(U
0.0
9.8 0 .1
8.5
0.2
8.5
7.9
2.38
''''
3.24
"" 17.6 16.0 14.4 13.4 12.1 11.4 10.7 10.1 •.• 1.' 1.' 3.72

'"
"""
1611 150 135 126 11 3
15.5 14.1 12.7 11 .8 1_ ' 0.1
14.7 13.3 12.0 1 11 .2 ," "
.... ,... II.' I •.,
10_?_ 100
1•. 1 •.•
•.• •.• ..."
••
__-'__~__'-__'-_..JL_J " '-
"1"1" 4 .78
'5,36
N
5.98

-'" _" " ~ '.O_' O .' 10. '

----
Drplh aDd W~bl of Soct.io.. 'a

~
S\,:D
'~ ' ''''
I"'. I'W
& I""h

". '''' 1~12.15) r""b 4 I""h 31""h i~ i

~
E
~ ~ It.. 10
~ lho. -l~ 105
1100 ' lho.
U It..
5 1100
77 t5 1100
T5 It..
It.. H •

' "'i6.:'f
.0 ~!l 1 .~.• ".1 -g§r:~[ ~.l!:l10'002
2
3
4
3O.S
.l
~
23.1 21.2 19.4
3::.1 ~I ~ I
:ito.s 21.01 19.2
16 I
:n
IT.STIr.8 I., 10 3 9.S U 007
12.6 I.QII.2Iir.lJ 6.86,35.9 0. 15
14 .4 1 12.9 9.4 8,0 8.4 8,0 6.1 4.7 4.4 0.27
S 18.11 116.9 111.5 12.8 11.11 10.3 7.6 7.16.76.4 4 .13.83.[,004 1
6 15.4 14,1 12.9 10.7 0.6 8.6 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.3 3.4 13.2 2.9 0.60
87 13.2 12.1 11.1
11.6 10.6 0.7 89.2
.0 8,2
7.2 67.4
,4 5.4
4 .7 11.
4 .51 ••.. ,' ••.. 'OI-·t.... 1·'.·.'.····!..•.·IO
' .ll
vu
9 10.3 904 8.6 7.1 6 .4 1',.7 u ' ..&.0.\...., "il" 1.34
10 9.3 8.11 7.7 6 .4 S,S 5. 2 l..I l..I U U 166
11 8.4 7.7 7.0 " ,.' - u , :,"" 2.00
12 7.7 7.1 65 i f fA fA 2 .38
13 .. j:!". .•.,.i ··~j,:,;:· L . 2.110
I~ ... ... .. . I t-.2~
Loodo . ooye upper bonlODtall1Ml . .n PI'O<I_ mlIllEIWlI ollo. .bIe tbH, In """".
l.-io bolo .. lower bori""'tolli .... will orod_ uc.oiu dtllectioao.
1'01 ..... lmum -.Ie to.d, 1ft tabifllof Muimum fI<otodiD& MOIIIeIlta . J>Cl We" R_ _ .

'"
• ,
CAR;NEOIE STEEL COMPANY

CHANNELS
ALLOWABLe UNIPOR)I. LoAO IN TnOOSAN08 01' POUNDS
.~p pllcable only ",hen IICCtions are braced aga.lnllt la te .... l dotlocUon .
.I'm unora.c:ed ooectlons "are loads mun be reducOO. _ pag<! 101.
MllIlmum B ending StrOM, 16,000 f'<lunds per Square I nch

o...,u. aad Weich\ of s.ewon. ~j

j-'
s!:"
_
I'eet ~~~ I
~5 '~I; 45 ~:~
4~ l ,~
'118 ~!~
1!!..L1100.4
U 1",,10

33.1
lbo.
W
It..
45
It..
Sl4 41m,o
13 lI..lo

n4~ I
37
••_!~ C:' 81.8
It.. .~ ~

3 ~4 177.2 1".0 .'L.l!?,;g 171-:'::ll5t':S It... In.' Ill.t ~. 0.16

.. 162'.5 142.8'132.91'3.1 13.31111.1IZS .• 119.STr'i':3U)6.2i02.bU7.4 0.27
5 122.0114.3100.398. 90. 88. 102.71 95.91 80. 1 8.5.082.377.9 0.41
6 101.7 95.2 88. 82.1 n;. 74.1 8.5.6 79.9 74. 70.8 68.666.0 0.00
7 87. 1 8 1. 76. 70. 606, 63. 13.31 68.6 63.6 60.7 68.8,65.7 0.81
8 7t1.S 71.4 oo.t. 6 1.6 .56. 55. (1.1.2 60.9 55. 53. 1 61.448.7 1.00
(I 61.8 63. 59. 1 54.7 50.4 49 ." 57.~ ».2 49 .... 47.2 45.743.3 1.34
10 61. "'7.1 63. 49.1 4 .... 3 44. ...1. 47.11 44 .6 42.6 41.1 39. 0 1.00
1
II 65 ...... 48.3 44 .1 4 1. 40.4 46. 43.640.6 38.6 37.4 36.4 2.00
12
13
60.8 47 .
46.\1 44.
44 .
40.937. 34.
.i:l
37.8 37.21
3 4 .,,;
42.8 39.9 37.1 3 .... 4
39.~ :16 .934.332.7
34.3 :12 .... 2. 38
3 U l30.0 2.80
14 43.6 40. 38. , 35. 32.4 31. 36.7 3 4.2 3 1.8 30.3 29.4 27.8 3.24
16 40.7 31:1.1 3.... 32.S 30. 29. 34.2 3 1.9 29.7 28.3 21.4 26.0 3.72
1
16 38. 1 3 .... 33.230. 28.3 32.11 30.01 27. 26.6 25.7! U.4
27. 4.24
17 311.9 33. 31. 29. 26. 26.1
30.2 28.2 26.2 25.0 24.222.9 4.7S
18 33.9 3 1.7 29. 27. 2.... 24.
28. 26.6 24 .7 23.6 22.921.7 5.36
19 32. 1 30. 1 28. 25. 23 . 23.4
27. 25.2 23.4 22.4 21.620.5 6.98
20 30.... 28. 26. 24. 22.7 22.
25.7 24 0 22.3 21.2 206, HI5 6.62
1
21 29.127. 2 .... 323. 2 1. 21. 24 22.~2 1 20 2 19 61 18 6 7 .30
22 27.726.0:.14.222.420. 20.223.2 1 20219.3 18 ! 117.7 801
23 26.62-1. 23. 1 21.4 19. 19. 22 20.8194 186 17.0 16!) 8.76
24 25.423. 22.220. 18. 18. 2 1 420 18 177171162 1
D63
25 24.422. 21.319.718. 1 17. 20 19 17.8 17.0 16 6 166 10M
26 23. 6 22. 20 .6 18. 17. 17.1 19 184 17 1 16 3 15.!~I.I'" 0 11.19
27 22.621.2 19.7 18. 16. 16. 1.:0 ' 17i l'·· I~'" ···\57 ·· n~ l· IH 1207
28 21. 8 20.4 19. 17. 16. 16. \.... IU lUI IU 14.1 , ... 12.98
2D 21.0 19.7 18.3 17. 15. 16. 1 3.'~2
30 20.3 19. 17. 16. Ui.1 14. 14.90
31 ··,i .1 ..'it:, ···h i·· YU· ...,,:; ···i.:' 15.91
:12 1'.1 II.' I... 1M 14.1 I'" 16.96
 HEA .\\ SAFE LOADS-F i llER STRESS 16,000

CHANNELS
ALLOWABLE UNII'OIUa LoAD IN TIlOOIM:oIDB OF POONDB
Applicable only ... hen -=tlool &nI bn.cod apJnllt lateral det\octlon.

.
j.'or unbraco.ld aoctIon. . .reload. mutt be reducod, _ t>a&e 101.
MulmuDl Bend1ns 8t.rea 16000 Pound. per Squan) lneb

....•• 12 loch
I)epth.ad W... bt of 8eeUo..
, ,.. H
•·OU
J.- ~O ' u 30 2J 20.7 35 SO 2~ . ' ~ , IU ~

.. ....•• ----
It.. I It.. It.. It.. Ilia lbo.
Ilia Ilia Ilia It..
- -C--C- ---- --
,, :'T.. "·r , l"O I IIU ' I •. I~
rOO,g 98.8 11.1 (.11 . 0.07

,• .... .... ..
... .... ,...... fiH,.,,,,...• .,
110.• 8 1:(/ 73.2 64 ..5 . . 0.11i
87.3 7(/.1i 71.7 OU M.O 48.4 41.8 3.5.7 0.2,
'-'.,
,, ..., ....
.57.3 .51.0 45 . .5 4(/.2 43.0 ".., ", O.H

8
40.0 ~
43.7 30.7 "'.8
47.8 42.5
31.9
".
3:1.6
41.0
~J I
30.6
31.4
27.5
32.3
27.6
U.2
1 27 . 0
23.9
20.0
.,. '.00
23.8
17.8
O.!ll
>'00
• "'.8 3ft.3 31.8
,.., 27.8 24.4 21..5 HI-6 15.0 1.34

,.,..,.•
31.0 81.8 2.5.ft 22.8 24 .6 22.0 10.4 16.7 14.3 1.66
'" 31.8 26. 1 23.2 .,., 22.3 20.0 17,6 15.2 13.0 '.00
""" 20.1
20.0
2ft.O
23.0
24 . .5 22.0
22.7 20.5
21.3
10.6
18.2
10.0
17.6
16.3
20.11
18.0
17.6
18.3
16.9
16.7
16.1
14.0
13,8
13.9
12.0
12.0
11.0
11.0
10.2
2311
''''
3.24
"" 23.3 21.2 19. 1 17.0 16.2 16.4 14.0 12.9 11.2
'"
3.7~

'.3 ,.•
21.8 10.9 17.0 15,0 14.2 16. 4 13.7 12.1 10.5 424
" 6 18.7 16.0 15.0 13.4 14.11 12.0 11.4
8.'

,,.,.. "'''
4 .78

.,"""
'.8 8.'
19.• 1 17.7 16.9
20. 14.2 12.7 13.7 12.2 1 10 ,7
...
•••
6.36

.. .. .
18.• 16.7 1.5. 1 13.4 12.0 12.9 11.6 10.2
17.11 15.9 14.3 12.8 11.4 12.3 11.0 9.7 6.62

""Ii:" iJ"' 1.'- .... ...

,,.,..
1&.& 15.1 13.6 12.1 10.8 u 730
" ,u
,...
r u.t
2~ 16.0 14.4 13.0 11.6 10.4 u 8.01
lli.2 13.8 12,5 11.1 8 . 76
'"
2-'
26 1'.0- 11.1
11.9 10.&
14.0 _.13.2. " il:6" .. jiiS"" "- I~C 10.35
2.6 I"" ,,. n» u u , ! 11.1 0

'"

J
 C AR NEO I E! S T EE L CO ,"PA N Y
----'--
CHANNEU3
ALLOWABLE UNIFORIoI LoAf) IS TIIOtlSA:ms OF POUl'l1.l8
AppUcabl", onl)· ..ben ....etlon. &rf! ~ aplntt late.-aI de1leocUon.
For unbraced IICCtlons Nlo 10&11. n1un be reduced. lICe pafle 101.
Pound~
Maximum Bendlll8 Stl'(N. 16.000
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 CA Il NEO I E STEE L COMPANY

EQUAL ANGLES
Ne.n..1 Ad. r...11eI to Either Lee
ALLOWABLE UNI ,on.. loA!) I}I" Tuou8A.XI>8 or POUNDfJ
AppU<sbIo only .. ben IeetlOllll _ rigidly MW:Ured aga./IuIt later.!. dl!ftectlc n
"Iulmum Dendlq 8t..-, 16,000 Pounds per SqUI.N! I m::h

,....
r_I"_" s,.u
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..... ,.... s." ..., '-". ,....
"",.
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s.,.. JeO I DoIIoe1Oooo
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So<,
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, 186." 8.31 "" ....
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2".00
22.1>1
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177,81 7.87 2.37
188,M 7.43 22,7 20.91 2 .18
•••
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159,15 19.31 '.00
,.., ,.
149.lIlI 17.60 \.81 U
~ 3~113~
•• • ••..
15.89 1.82 '.8
' 139.84 ..,8

,.......
14.08 1.42
130.03
120.00 "" ,..,
5.18
23. 1 IZ.27 1.23 10.0

.
10.45 10. 1

.•• ... 100.87

"
4.73 33.' ll' 8.43 10,2

.... ....
33.3
••..
4.28 13.87 1.611 8.'

..
811.Z8 3.82 23. 4 12.6fl \..53 8.3
,, ••..
11.4l 1.37 8.3

,. ... ..,
1I 1.4l 5.4M 16,7 3 I ;I 10.13 \.2 1 8.'

... •.••.. ..... ,... ••.

.
86.6l 6.16 16,8 8.8,~ 8.'
7.lI7

.1\' ,......, ,,'"...

~ SI.39 16.8
' 76,27 4.6 1 16.9
17,0
6.19 0,71
71.04 4. 18 7.79 1.15
' 611,8 1 3." 17.1 1.01
~ 60,37 3.51 17.2
•• ,., 0 .87 '.0

.,..
3.17 17.3 5.12 0.72

'
49,17
n ,41 2.48
17.4
17.5
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0.44
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2.14 17.& 2.13 ".
37.611

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13.7 . ..,8

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4.27
3.73
3."
0.79
0.!>7
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S.'
5.6

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2.67 0.46 S.'
11.5.15 '.00 13.8 0.30 S.8
' 61.73 3.73 13.9 1.311 0 .24 '.8
S •
• '
4S.32
44 .80
41.17
3.411
3.18
.
14.0
14.1
14.2 1\' 3."
2.77
2.45
0."
0.61
..,
' .8
ll' •••
••.
37.44 14.3 IKII"
'.ro 0.41

.••.. 33." 3.3'

29.7& '.06
2l1.S1 1.78
14.4
14.lI
14.5
. 1.41l
1.07
0.30
0.2 1
'.0

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S. '

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'.00 0.61 ' .0
, 1.73 0.42

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32. 11 2.115 10,9 lJi11 1.43 0."

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29.117 2.73 11.0 1.11 0."
'
25.60
2.61 I !.I
11.2
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0.77
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O. IS
0.36
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3.3
23.30
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2.07 11.8
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0.97 0."
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3.'

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1;( 11;(

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21.01
18.6,
10,21
13,76
11.20
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1.41
1.111
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11.4
11 .4
11.6
11.0
11.7 I' .. I ••.
0.76
0,.52
0.60
0.47
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I
0.22
0.14
0.22
0.17
0.12
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 BEAM SAFE l.O ADS- PIBER, STRESS 16,000

TEES AXO ZEES

NeoIlnl A:lU ...... Ilel 10 FIa_. .

A LLOWAULE U~U'OIUI LoAD I N TIIOUSAN DS m' POUN DS

Applicable only ..hen ~Ionl are I'lIJIdl)' ItlCUred . .aln~t latenl deflection
Ma:llmun. Ilendlng S l~. 16.,000 Pound. ~ Square Ineh

. ,......
TEt:S

... ,,~
... . 1"00'
M
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........
,....
Ste....
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'::. ".,.
300 I

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l."qt.b.. ,.... J.S. SaI~ I I
"'.;pI Spq aeo
MuI••Delleel;""

We
_'-

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'0000. ,~ t.co.d Lo.d ren
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• ... 33.' .." •••
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2.77 1 Lor; 11.31

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6}i.G '~ 19.8 fl2.80 19.1
•• 15.3 2.41 13.9

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13.5 ..00 11.4

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11.9 25.D2 .. S< 14.1
,• 10.5 16.35 1.46 11 .6 14.4 2. 15 12.6

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9.17 1.07 ~ 11.2 2 1.12 1.6.> 12.8

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0 .87
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0 .92
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0 .57 0 .15
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3.7

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,,~ M~8pu

,.... ,....
s. Thiok. 300 I o.ae... "",id:. Sp.n o.ae.,_300 I
n...,..
l)o.ptb I
"." Sol. ·'lJIIe. I s-t. ! l.n..lb.

.,..
I::::' Sale

.. .,""- (" I------

,~ t.co.d t.co.d rOIl
--
,.
,'u~l
"'. '•'. ..
114.93 14.18 12.3 41i :l3't\.. 1'1.32
6\-\o:l3~

6~ :l3'i1 ,~\.
162.35
)49.76
100.40
13.30
12.40
12.19
12.2

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12.1
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",,'Yi. ... 70.D3
. 64.!i:l
8.07
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&5.92 7.93

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123.20 ' 10.20 12.1 "Yi,J:3" 58.67 • . 17

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5 1.52

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6\~~ 119.68 D.70 12.3
6Yi ,1t3ftI lie 104 35 8.50 12.2 4.", .113%,
.., 49.81 '.00 8~1
100.00
. 7.45 12.1
••
4 ~,:l3l-i
... 41.71 5. 10

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33. 49 .... 111

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li D.... , 11..58
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514 :l3%".
5Yi,J3'tI.
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110.29 10.82
101 .01 10.03
102.08 9. 89
10.1
10.3
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.. ) 36.59 5.93

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32.64 1;. 40
5Y1.i<3'ri
•• 91.05 9 .02 10.2
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 CA R NEO I E STEEL COMPAN Y
r---------
PLATE AND A~GLE GIRDERS
Gi rders, built up of plntes and anglcs. tHO used fo r heavy loads
and long spans, whe re rolled sectiolls are insufficient.
Loads upon a plate and angle girder develop compre68ive and
temile stre88CS resisted by the upper and lower flanges, and shearing
stTC311C8 resisted by the web plate.
The mOilt economical section ;s the single web girder; box girdcrs
wi th double or triple webs are used where great length of span com-
bined with lateral stifTncss require thc m.
WEB. The web plate governa the dcpth of the gi rder which, to
avoid excessive deflection, should not be less than I/IS of the span,
t he thickness depends upon the shear which is greatellt at the point
01 support Slid should Dot be leu than 1/ 160 of the unsupported
distance between the flanges; the web ill reinforced by stiffener'll at
ioten'als to prevent buckling.
W~b 8'-• ... d 811.~Mn. Web plates subjected to direct vertical
shell.T must resist buckling; the allowable vertical shear may be
obtained from the table on page 147, based on a maximum shear-
ing slress of 12000 pounds, giving alJowable unit web shear, V I A,
total " ertieal shear+gross area of web, for various raliOt! of hIt,
distance between ilanges-+-thickness of web.
Stiffeners are required at the ends and at points of concentrated
loads and at othcr points where the clear distance between flange
angles, h, exceeds allowable safe stresses obtained from table,
and also where h is grcater thun 00 times the thick ness of the web;
stiffencrs are generally in pairs, one on each eide of the web, bearing
elOllCly againet the projecting leg of the flange angles; the pitch of
rivet1l in stiffeners should not exceed 6 inches.

FLANCes. The flange area is 80 proportioned tha.t the extrcme

comprcssive or tensile etrcss, f~, docs not exceed the maxi mum
allowable limit, being 80 proportioned that the unit stress on the
net section docs lIot exceed the maxi mum unit stress us de termined
by the moment of inertia of the net section of the girder.
When the flanges are alike, as they usually are, the preliminary
inveatigation is aimplified by assuming that the stre88Cs in the
flanges arc uniformly distributed, and their resultants act at the
center of gravity of the flangell'
A_A roo of one flange d_Effective depth t=Web thiekncIII

'"
 R I VETED O I RDERS

Total Moment of Resistllnce, ~l_r (A d+d; ~ )_ f d ( A+(~t).

The net moment of resistance of the web plate, with a llowance for
reduction of arell due to web splices is generally bken as or; ¥,
Net Moment of ResistlUlte, ?of _ f (A d ~)_t d (A+d8 t).
d is the approximate d istance between centers of guvity of flange
angles, or distance out to out of angles when flango plates IIro uaed.
The fin al design of the girder is obtained in accordance with
tho method given for the comJlutation 01 coml)Ound 8Cctionll.
Ftup P1&t.. When the girder csrries a uniformly distributed
load, the flange areas vary II.S the ordinates of a pftmbola, und the
theoretical length of tho fl ango plates is
L,-LV!f Lo-LV!f Lo -LV ~
L_,"-1.b ol &itdet. A_TottJ.-ue.ol Fl_
"'-.ld. r..-I~~ ole..- pia. bocUmill&.;1.b ....tM platt.
a-
a,. &2. . . _Total . . . ", plateo, r""" OUter 10;_ pia_

Sufficient lengt h, usually from 12 to 18 inches, is lldded to each

end of plate to tako up tho she!lr; tho pl ate next to the flange angle
is extended to full length of tho girder, to resist lateml deflection.
~ Rtqlllred 1.be loacth oll_ pIatoo of • ~h~. 110 lea ' - . 1100 bup
lodlOdlll& a- aacI-. t_llaD&. plalel aDd -.ei&h.... ol web pla,.: nata W' di..
~-A"".. 6"~3);r.J.iw Nu,.,..auo- ,.73-7.15"1.iD'1
I-h'ner 1'1_ Plate It" S
l -Ouu . H."", Mate 14" ~"
'&h" " .. G.U-Q.:;_5.311·· Total
. . . . 5.:15-Q.U_ 4..w ..
A~a'
..
~f-II".b I~ate 00" ~" . . . . 2.81 _Z.8I " 20.0 "I. , • .

Oou.pla..,.Lt_ .. ~t_28.81t.•rSUI. ID"",plat •• Lt_eG\fut-».M_ n ..3f1 Mlltuclh.

20.0 10.0

MAd ••• &lid Pia ..... St..- In addition to a girder ha\'ing sufficient
flange area to resist the maximum bending moment, it must also
be capable of withstanding s tresses at the ends.
Tho end resistance of a riveted girder depends on: Firflt, the
resistnnce of the web plate to shearing; &ceolld, the resistance of
the flange rivets to bearing, it being a88umed that the bearing
value of rivets docs not exceed twice their value in single shear.
The difference in flange stress between any two points is the
horizontalsheur to be transmitted into t he wcb by the flange rivets
between those points, and can not be greater than that of the end
reaction considered to be distributed along the Range within a length
equal to tho d istance, a, betI\'l!en the center of the rivets in u[)[)C r
and IO"l\'er flange with one line of rivets, or between the center lines
of two lines of rivets, ace~ d ing to design.
143
 CARNEO I E STE E L COMPA N Y

Weh Stress: d x t x f_J\bximum End ROOstanee if 1e811 than flangcstreM.

d-o."ch. t_Tlbeu-of web. f _.UOWlbJe unit oIIevi", ., ....

Flange StrC6ll: apR =cMa:timurn End Iksfatanee if leas than web 8lre88.
a_ El!e< Ii~e dittaooo (d +H")-h dil_ ... 'mm
,*k 01 ancl ... for 0"", Or Iwo tint ~_.
H-8tuiD&.-aIoe 01 .... riytt. p_Mini",UlIl pikh bet....... twoti ... lI.
Required Ihe muiJDum tad tMietanae 0/ • iPnIcr. properly oliffeaod at .DdI.
EuIlJ'Llt I . GinJer ...",pOted . r I-Web Plat<!. 38" x "tI," _FIance AIIII ... 5" I 3~".
Web S....: 38. "tI. 112000 _ IM,1XIO jlCIIlDdo.
FI_ Hi ...lI: .-(36"+W'l""""",W'-32"; 32+2J.i-i3 Hi .......
&ari"' ..... oe of !i" Oi&. Ri,~: ""~' x 24000 _MU»W1Id&.
FlanceSu..: MU. 13 _73, IU j)(IW>:\o_Muimum End R.... l&o"".
WIlJ'Llt 2. Girdtr ... ","'*'" '"
I-Web Plate, f8" I ~" '-Flaap AIIII ... &" .e".
Web Su..: f8. ~ .12000 _ 218.000 J>OIIDda.
Fb"," Rh~: ... (48"+J.i"l-r - f IW '. fl).i+IJ.i-28 RiVfll..
&arina; volue ol W' Oi&. Ri ...t: ~ I ~ I 2fOOO ... 8760 pouDda.
FIance S.... : Gi.s(ll 28-189.000 pou!IdI_Mui.mu", End Raiel&oee.

RI..et Spa...... In Flo!lCM. I t follows that the rivets connecting the

web plale with the flange angles arc required t o tralUlmit the hori-
lonta l shearing strcS3 from t he web to the flange, which horisontal
8hM!" in any paDel i8 equal to the vertical s hear at center of panel
multiplied by its length aDd divided by the ve rtical distance, a.
As the shear increaees from t he point of greatest bending moment
t owards the supporte, the number of rivets in vertical ICgll of the
fl ange angles must also increase as the @upports are approached.
P itch of riyet@inflange angiea, P""~
\" .. Total ,·.,-ti.. IIIhear.~ ~he .....1 under OOIIIidtn.tiOOl.
R .. RMirt""" 01 ODe ri""l, i. r .• the bearill/l .... Il1>0:'';11/1 nino ... hi.be,... i, omaU ••.
a _ Etle<li •• diltaDc:e bot" .... upper aDd I""". llDlll ol ri ... \1-

T he formula gives the theoretical rivet spacing for any point in

the fl anges due to the total shear, hut in practice the pitch is com-
puted from the maximum st!"eS3 in each panel, in nOOfc@tUinch.
r.... ........
A iPnIcr ""","'*'"01 Y' 13J.i" ancIee aDd 36" I "Ii." ... b. 30 It. I"",. di.id.,J
lato 3-(001 ",...Ia, WJlI'Ofto. unirQrn>ly di.olrib<akd lew! 01 i2 to ... Or 4800 pouDdl»Or root
Requited rint piltb in .....1•. when dilw.oe hel....,n ri .... t 1u...-32 ill<Mo.
Sboarill/l Sir. .. p""",,- HoriOO<ltal Sir. ., PouDdI»O. I""b
P_11. lf400G+2 _72000 ,2000+32_22.s(I
2. 72OOO--{48OO. 3l .. ~ieoo ~1600+32_1800
•• 3. 12000--(4800 I G)-432(l() 43200+32_1350
.. f . i2OOO--{480019l-28800 28800+32- 900
BeariDa ~oIue 01 *"Oi •• Rl ... t: M 1 'II, I 2fOOO_M~ poIIDdi.
P_11. R;Y.~ Pitch MU+22bO_UO oay 23i" os-lOi
2. MU+18OO-3.13 3"
3.
.. ~2S+I~_ f .11 f"

".
 R.IVET E D O IR, DER,S

When the load rests directly Oil the top or bottom flanges, the
rivets connecting this flange with the web plate arc also required
to distribute the load; then the resultant stress on rivets on t he
loaded flange is represented by the resultant of horizontal shear
and vertical load.
Ex ...n. . ........ bean", di .... tly on """ bop ..... y, tllto, atot 1>&...1, rorero;'" ~n",ple:
Ifori_c.al She... 225(} poUJ>d.o pet i""h. Vortieall.-l '100 pounda pu inoh.
RNIlIWltStt_ ~ !23Of+i(lijli _2mpoupdo, RiY<tPil<:b66~+2m_ U6"

FI..... Plaia. At the end of each flange plate, sufficient rivets must
be provided to transmit the allowable stress on the net section of
the plate to the adjacent membeI1l.
Enllt...... Required nlWlber <I. riy<UJ. ,,"" Dia., 10< H" ~ "-." Inner .,..... 1'0"'.
14". ~\.N Irmtr FI....., Pia"', IIU ...., (6. I~.77)-5.311.:j. ia.
Rtoaittante5.3& x ISOOO_06480pou!ldl.
Sbearl", Y..... of~" Dio. Ri.el: 0.4418. 1'lOOO"1I3OO p<JUD<\o.
0&480+Il300 '' 18 riveUJ. or:
Tw<>li .... of Q riYe\a_h oDd or pI.l<:, opactd 2;': to 3 ir><lw.

SPIJCES. In long and deep girdeI1l or in girders to be made from

stock lengths, it is often necessary to splice the web plate or also
flange anglell and plates.
The resistance of all splice plates must be such as to develop
the full resisting strength of t he riveta in the splice, in particular
when rivet stresses are to be transmitted through narrow plates.
Web 81111_. As there is no vertical shearing streSll in the
middle of the girder under a uniformly distributed load, web splices
are sometimes made at that point, but, generally, the web is spliced
in two places equidistant from the center.
The rivets in the web splice must transmit the web stre88Cs so
that no additionalstrcsllCs arc imparted to the flange rivets, these
stresses being most effectively transmitted by two pairs of horizontal
plates next to the flange angles to resist bending and one pair of
vertical platcs to resist shearing stresses.
Bending StreS9- Horizontal Platcs,
!\Ioment of Resistance, ~I _ ~ _ t AJI
R _ Total rivet value, one side of splice
A _ Total !IOCUonal arca. of splice pla.te
h _ D!stance between oonters
t .. Fiber BtM)Sfl
The rivets are not equally stresscd, the stress is .zero at the
neutral axis and increases uniformly to a maximum at extreme
distance, dj the moment stress of each rivet is all its distance from
neutral axis, and the moment of resistance as the square of it<!
distance from neutral axis.
,.,
 CA R NEO I E ST E El... C OMPA N Y

Ii"'''' "ilh *,l>tb web platt ••• ~bI~ of ...,;.u",

lilt be1>di", _ ...1 in .eb .t 18000 """Ddo Silt.
oue.. Hori ..... ta1 platH 10 lor"""'; l beDdi", It....
III nb. buod on ~Ib of the nb "lieD.
8.Ddi", Momenl!~.eb platt:
(48.~J.i)d8. 18.000-I}4f.oooiod... pounde.
I n..... tipt;'" tbe value of riYeta~:
8."';", value d~" Oia. ri.el,
,~. ,",. 24 .000-6750 poundl.

Dit1.a»ce lrom ..... tn.1 uil to lop o. bottom 01

alrdt.-2i .... bto.
V.h.. of OlIO ri~i. """ \nob lrom ..... tn./ ..io, 61~2 4 _281 pounde.
Moment 01 R .......... d ri~ta """ lide 01 jointlbovt ODd below """lral uil io
M _28I(!OdHI"+3. U.$I+ IO. 19.1l")_U78.oooi""h ..pound ..
Tbt .... ~ 01 p1ateo eboula ~ be I... tban tbe '""'lui"'" .eoiollllCe oItbe ri ... ta In INDO :
St.... in .... ~ . of pialC!l .. 1~}i" I."", .....1l:Il";',
I MOO. 1 ~..s+-U_12.375 lb. per OQ. in ..
Momenl"! .... lIIIOe •• bolI A i. lbe total an:a of the t."pain of plaIN'
I U75 .. A . U..s-2Ot.2OOA A_ I .'4f.OOO+20UOO_~..s21\1. In.
N.I.u. d 4-8'''. ~i" plata: A_(U.0-3.00)_IO.'4 OQ.. in ..

Shearing Stress-Vertical Platcs.

Shearing ROSi$tanoe. v - it.
W - 1.00<1 prO<./u<;lnll: shear In ,,·ct.> .
f;x."01l..l<. The 13 ri ... ta. W' Oil., .boom In Te. ti.al plata are -.rlfi6entIJ It..,,,, to ...11.
I.. hoari", _load d 13 I ~. '"' • U .000 .. sr.750 poo.mdI..

Fl. .... 8,11 _ . Spliccs for flange angles and Bange plates must
de velop the full bending mo ment of the girder at the joint.
Flange splices should be made at point.3 of least flange stress,
and joints in component pa rts of t he flange should not he made at
t.he same points .
Eu IfPLI. Rtquired tOP.nd boltom op!ic:M at .. pa,.tt point&. 10. a.",. LDJI ... ODd In ... ,
aa.,.. plou. .. &iv...; Rh-.ta W' Oi.... tl<" .
2 And_ 6". 3W'. ~" Net A"", UlO-1.7~_7.2S OQ.. ;~.
I I ...... flange Plate 14"'1 ")10" 6.13......(1.77 .. 5.36 .•
I Outt. Hoap Pllte 14". ,",,' .. 5.z-<I.M_f.S9
Spli... for Fl""". And ... Top aod Boltom.
S ..... in A"" .. ~" % 33i" • .11" 7.2.5. 18.000-130..500 poomdo.
Sbeari", Value d W' Oia. Rh-.t: 0.4418. 12000_5300 pound ..
Ri~.ta1t'lui""': 130,.500+5300_2.5 ri""ta iQ linde ......... b lid. ol joinl.
Splice: I-plate 14"1%.". 1 8riytlfl.~ 1815300 .. 95.400pouDlif.
2-plau. 3" 1 ';t" . , .. ... 41 10600 .. U ..fOO ••
Total ~ oIlf>1le opfl",,: 137.800
Total A"", of ""Ii« IIhouId bOt be 1_ \haD lut of t.b~:
+
(6. 13--0.77) (3.38-<I.9S) .. 7.i5I\1.iD .
Reti.I&.nco 01 tbe t.o"oid. piau. DOl I... tlw:t that 01 tilt i ri""ta ill double ohtlf,
, • 10.600-42.400 pouDdo:
2-plat.. 3". %.", ... U .... U OI IS.000-.a.330 pounde.
Spli_ 1011...... .'ance Pllt.eo. Top and Bottom .
Stnell 1m 10"'" n •.,.e Plate W '. ", .. ' Det area 5.361 18.ooo_".i 80 powtdo.
Ri""ta ~uired: ".480+-&300-19 riyota;n Ii.,.!. obelf.... h lid. oI;om\..
SpI .... : I-plate If" • %0". 20 riTeta, rteillII>ne 20 I .!JOO- I06.000 pOU.II<!o.

'"
 R I VETED G IRDERS

A LLOWA IU,.E WEB S UEAK, V I A )"OK V A IU008 lL.n08 OF hI t

~~ ~~ ." 8~ ~_ V/A I~ e-
'"
ViA

oo ",>00
(I I

""...
I.,-

... .. ..
118(17
n.,.
11 734
11 473
70
71
10711
IOS87
10044

"
10224
""
,."" ",.M "" """
.,"" "
.,.,
9 4 18
00
01
00
1147 1
8372
6274
11117
801l2
,,.,
100

..""
101
10::
,""
753[,
7448
" ''''
7362

'"
7277

,.,
''''
7194
.........
110
II~
(l7 U

6.178

'1 1'''''1''1. .. " "'" "

11 343 7988 7111
" 1010."
" "" '''''' 1145 """
'"
, , "" san "" ""
8879
67 11087 77 9871 877~
(18
69
100(11
10835
71l
79
97:16 "'" 8672 77 12
7623
107 69SO
108 1 6870
100 6792
4Ml2
150 1 43(14
165 4 1~1
"
R.lio h / I _ Oittuee bo:IW«D F11_+ Thi. t .... 01 W.b PlIU', h•• btL
160 3~ 1

Rltio V/ A_ VerticolSMt.. , »OIIadI+G.- Ami of W.b, .... Lr",het

GE ~ ERAL R EQ U IR E~ IE NTS FO R RI YET I ~ O.

In proportioning rivet.! t he nominsl dismete r of the rive t

I.
shall be used, and in deducting rivet holee they s hall be taken ~ inch
greater than t he nominal d iameter of t he ri vets.
2. The minimum d istance between centers of rivct holca shall
be t hree dia meters of t he rivet, but the d istance sha ll preferably
be not Icss t han:
4~O- I ~' rl veu 3Ji'-I ' rl,~u 2JiO_ ~ {O rh·eta l ",o_Ji o rivetll
... - I li ' .. 3' -w 2" -w
3. The maxim um pitch in the line of streBB of comprc8Sion
membera composed of plates and shapes shall qot exceed 16 ti mes
the thinnest oUtl!ide piate or shape, no r 20 ti mcs t he t hinnest en-
closed (lla te with a maximum of 12 inches, and a t right angles to
the direction of streu t he diatance between Jincs of rivets shall
no~ exceed 30 ti mes t he t hinnest plate or shape.

4. For anglcs in built-up acctiolll with two gage lincs, wit h

riveta staggered, the rnlUimum pitch in the line of s t reSll in euh
gage line shall not exceed 24 t imCII t he thinncst plate, with a mllXi-
mum of 18 inches.
5. The minimum distance from the center of ll.ny rivct hole to
n sheared ed ge shall be:
21{O_ I ~" ri velll l ~("_ I O ri , ·et.lI I!-(O- U ° ri \"eu 1"-J.i° ri V(rt41
2" _ I li o " I J.i·-Uo" I H;°_Ho
T he maximum distance from any edge shall be 8 t ime~ t he t hick-
nc~s of the plate.
6. The pitch of the rivets at the end of built compreSllion
membel1l shall not exceed 4 ti mes the d illme!('111 of the rivets fo r
a lengtb equal to I J.i times the maximum width of the membe r.

'"
 CARNEO I E STEEL COMPANY

GRILLAGE FOUNDATIONS
Gnlian &0...... In the design of foundations for columns, pieri!
and v;alls, provision must be made for the uniform distribution of
the load over the foo ting. This i8 bcst donc by the use of a grillage
of steel bcams and concrcte. Thie method of construction elimin-
at.ee deep cxcavations and large massee of m8.ll0nry a.nd is, therefore,
truly eoonomical. For heavy loads on soils of smail bearing
capacity, three tiera of beams may be necessary; while for lighter
load8 or beLter soils two tien, or even onc, may suffice.
The lower ticr should rest upon a 80lid bed of concrete of sufficient
thickness to distribute the load to the 8Oil. Good practice requires
the spaces betwee n the beams in all the tiers to be filled with, and
the beams cnelosed in, concrcte not Icu than four inches thick.
The clcar distance between the flanges of the beams in each tier
IIhould not be leM tban 2 % inches, nor more than three time8 the
flange width. The first requirement is ncce!l8ary to permi~ the
introduction and proper tarn ping of the concrete, the sC(:ond, Co
iOBure uniform distribu tion of the load. When scparators are used
to hold the beams in position, they 8hould be·of gll.llllipe, 11.8 cut iron
lIeparators tend to break the continuity of the concrete. Grillage
bealllll should not bCfpainted, Il.lI concrete does not adhere well to
painted surfaces but is itaelf an excellent preservative of steel.
To determine the area in square feet required for the foundation,
divide the total load on the column, pier or wall by the allowable
pressure per squar.e foot on the soil. This gives the area of the
footing, the shape of which is determined by local conditions. On
the l\88umption that the loads on the soil are uniformly distributed .
the number, lIize and weight of the beams required are determined
from the maximum bending moment, the maximum shear, or the
maximum web resistance to buckling, Il.lI folloWl!:
L.a L-a W- Total load on the fou ndation, in pounds.
,.-- ...1."'-- L _ Length of beam, in feet.
fm~'~:~,,j'::!!i ~~'~i a _ ""ng" nl 'nadoo o<>,tion, in I~t.
d _ Depth of beam, in inches.
I I t _ Thickness of beam web, in inches.
Willliii in n1l1plIII : n _ Number of beams in a tier.
:.--------·lr--- . _.J fb _ Allowable unit web bU(lkling resistance.
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of the bealu
and is equal in foot pounds to w ( ~) + 8; this formula is
identi(lal with the formula of maximum bending moment for a
beam of length (~) un.d er a unifo r mly distributed load, w.
The proper Bi~e of beam in any tier Il.lI regards flexure at a fiber
streHl!l of 18,000 or 16,000 pounde per square inch may be foulld

'"
 OR I LLAO E FO UN DATIO NS

ill the beam uJe load tab le. for length eorreeponding to (L----a),
I
by dividing the total laad by the number of beaml.
Or may be found from the table of maximum bending momenta,
by dividing the total bending moment by the number of beams;
Or from the table of propertiea, by dividing by the number of
beama in the tier the total section moduiu8 r equired, which
ia eq ual to :I Wiii-I.)
Note, however, that the load 011 the beam for any apan mUlt not
exceed the maximum tabular 8afe load fo r ahear.
T he maximum vertical shear CXlCUns at t he edge of the column
bll.8(l or at adiatanee in feet of L;a from each end of the beam a nd
is equal to; V-t- x ¥
Web thickness to resist average ahear:t - ~ x L;a :I nxJK I.
Unit average vertiealahear: f,- 4;- x.ky!- :< ~.
which mUllt not exceed the allowable unit shearing elr_.
The maximum buckling IItre811 ooours OD a length in inchea of
12 a + d/ 2 and ie equal in total per lineal inch of web to 12 . d /2. 'Z
Web thickne&8 to reeist buckling: t _ 01(12. '! di2l1 tb.
Vnit average web rCllistance to buckli ng: fb- ( ., \IT d/2l i t
III 1 •• +
which muet not exceed the allowable buckling resistance.
& lLed Suti SI_'" To distribute the loads from columns over
girders, grillage beamll, etc., lIOlid elabs of rolled steel may be
ad\'antagcouilly uee<.! i n the place of CMt iron or riveted steel bfI.8CII,
ctc. The sizc of the slab is ullually fixed by t he d imenaioll8 of t he
column and ite thickoeSll ie determined from the maximum bending
moment, 0 0 the aa&umption of uniform loading, M follow,:

[8J
~ W-TotalloM, in pound".
i A -Width of slab, in inchee.
D . j~,
, '
B -T"'h"kth of 1I,"h,' hin . inche•·
,t - IC DelIS 0 a& ,mine hefI.
-.--. a -=Outllide dimcn,ion of oolumn, in inchee.
:_ ----A-----""
~ • .~ !
b -=Outside dimcllllion of colum n, in inchell.
ABlluming the maximum bending moment to be at center of IIlab:
M __' w (~ a) or w ( ~- b) ,and the required thicknell8 of dab:

t_V3Witn·1 or 3
4 b) V W'/A
Additional data are gil'e'l under separate heading, ;'Slrength of
Steel.8lahl" _

..,
l'em: 1m t!:, .nmpIN ..!bob follow. 6be •• u- of 1&.000 p<IWI<I.I i. oaod .
 CARNEGIE STEEL COMPA N "Y_ _ _ _ _ _ _~

Steel Slab 3I)'x 3I)"x 6}('

4'2~"901b. Beam, IO··S" lonz

E"'UiPLE: Required to design a grlUage foundation for a column load of

1.040.000 pOuods 00 ""II with an allowable bQarlng capac1w of 6,000 pOund~
per ~Quare foot. Column oomposod nf 1 web plate, 14" "' ~ ", 4 Hauge angle.,
6" '" 4" x ~ " and 4 tlallge plates, 14" x Yi", oUUllde dimensions 14" x 18".
Required area of footlng= I ,040.000 + 6,000=173.33 square foot,
Use area 12'_0" '" 15'..(1"= 180 Square foot.
A"'Iume 3'-0" square (IS the dimensions of the rolled steel slab Or column
balJ6 and allow 9" for concrete 00 the sides and ends of bQalllll, then the dlmen.
111011.'1 of the steel grillage will be 10'-6" J( 13'-6". concrete bQlng lOSIIumod of
5u/Ilclent thickness aod stre ngth to dl.i:trlbute to the edges.

I ~ 1-J,!} ~:::~;re;,::::, ,-V' •i<~~~,: " - ", ,,,

: :'-18-'-~ i
:._ .••.~__..J
,so
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OR I LLAOE FOUNDATIONS

Bams-Sectlon 1>lodulld lIIetbod.

Bott(lm tI_r-13.6 loot: ..- 3.0 loot.
U0Qulrod total !IOOtlon IllOdullll, S._3 11: I,~~.,= 11: 10.6 1.023.76 11l._
U.. 13-15" 00.8 lb. beam_Total ~tion modul~I.(),5$.6In.~

l+. h I.().IO.OOO 10.;'; I 3 '"_ ,

verage. e.r_ 13,!> J: - , - x 13:1t 16 x .:19 - .515 ..... per.q. n.
1,1).10,000 _ .. , _ , . .
Average buclo:lll1ll n . 13 " .f3.5 " .foil _. ~ • per IIQ. In.
Top Uer-r-W.5 1001.; .-3.0 lcoet.
Required totalllOOtlon modulus,S._3 x l.o;t::: x 7.5 -=731.25 In.'

U8f! 4-24" 00 lb. \)(!anu-Total IIIlCtion moduiu_743.2 [n._

~ 1.0·10.000 7-'; 1 • _ " __
A\·e ..... go • .,e&i= 10.5 x T"" x:n x .62" - ..""" ..... perllQ.lo.

,hCl'ai!obuckUIl8IU'_. ~'~SO~~2" -8,680 It... per IIQ. In.

PI,le Girder Grlll .... F_ IldaUoa.. In those Ca.se8 where columnll carry
very heavy load~, plate girJcrtl are used for the top tier of the
grillage rather than beams. In the ease of symmetrical foundations,
the method of computation ill the I:mme all hilS already been illus-
traled in ~he ellse of beamil, The following example indicates the
proc('dure in the quite frequent. case of unsymmetrical loading
conditions:

'"
 CARNEOIE ST eeL CO MPANY

E:u"PL",_ Rf!Q,u1tf1d to dqn " II'rlUa,go tOl,lndalJon llDder.n OJIterior OT

...11 column carTylnll a load 01 Sf 0.000 poundl, and .11. Interior column .. Ith
a load 01 1.200.000 poundl. on -oU .. It.h .11. a1low.ble ber.rlnl eal)!w:lty of
8.000 pounds per OlQu.re t oot.
Itequll'Od tootlDl .I'N> ot wall column- MO,OOO _ 10.5 ~u,,",
,",,00
f_.
v. area 8'.0" z 1.'-0"_ 112 MlU&rO f-..

VIe..- IZ'.o" " 1.' -0" _ 168 ~uare teet.

.."""
Requll'Od area of Interlpr column tootlnc- 1.2GO.OOO _157.5 ~uU'fl f __

With tm- dimollllDDIO and I.nIU., the load on t.he «>II trlll be UlllJorm at
7.M)() pounds per ~u.1'O t oot. and the footblp tbO IR>I!.lO wldtb. both 01 "bleh
..... dealra.ble from thO .l.andpolnt ot Iwlfonn MlUlemen t..
Uollod Stool Slab!! tor Column FooUllp ~ Alllume a wldt.h 01 30" and a
length of 3Z", then the l'fiIQ,uIred thlc:lm_ "Ill be .. ' 0110"':-
Wall column.

'"
 GR.ILLAGE FO UNDA TIO NS

Stre....u. o f 8t...1 81_"-. The formulf1.9 given for the bending

momcnt3 in grillage beam~ and column bfl.ge plates in the prcceding
paguare b!l8ed on the 8./I8umption that the maximum bending momcnt
occu~ at t he center of the column and grillage beams, producing
also l\ deflection at this point. If, howeve r, it is a~umed that the
col Ullin remaine in perfect contact with the comparatively rigid blUlC
plate or slab, thc latter may be cOll8idered rigidly fixed o.t the oolumll
edges, 110 that t here ill no bending moment in the center and that
the maximum bending moment o.nd 111110 the maximum shear occurs
at the fixed end of greatest cantilever projection, R~b.
The use of the formulfUJ bascd upon the first fl.9sumption is recom-
mended for the rell80n thatomaximum bending moment and maximum
shearing st reRS do not occur at the same point and that, with par-
ticular reference to grillage beams, the bending at resaca alone will
generall y decide the section to be selected.
The formulas based upon the lIecond 8.8Sumption give somewhat
lower values for maximum bending moment and arc frequently used
in computing the resistance and the required thicknCSI:I of heavy
IItcellllabs; in which case, the corresponding values for i\1 and t arc:
.. AD
:o.1----;r-xnxT -
B-b D-b
•
... A(B-b1'
--,- .
<AV t ll-b\j3 ..
-:.>. -r-'
The table gives the coefficients '\/¥ for various values of w.
Thkb _ of Slob - Muimwn ProjeetiQ" X C<>effi6en1 for ..,..,.....,DdiAf; Ua.il Pr-u,*.

Proj<)CUon C'oefficlcnuo. \ I¥ for various ValUCOI of Unit P'retis\U'e, ...

Ullit
I -
Fiber S~ 1$,000 I'owIdo
Ullit
Fiber SI. . . 18,(100 P<owodo
rr-.. CoefIkieo t ~ 1:a.i1 "'-. I ~ Ua.i1
~ ~~ C>eflieieot
1b. ..... iL ""","" lo. ......iI. Codlieieal
,
"'OO ,,
I "'"'"OO
0.4183 4431
0 . 1291 0.42S2 o 1369 4.542
""
"" 0.1581
0.182.6
"00
"oo 0 . 4378
0 . 4472
'00
""
,OO
o 1677
0 . 1936
"00
,"'" 0 . 464 4

"'"
'""'" 0 . 2041
"00
"'" 0.4564 "'" 0 . 2 165
''''
0.4743
&.4841

..- I """'"
'OO
0.2236
0.2415
"00
'''''
0.4655
0.4743 "'"
""
0 . 2372
0 . 2.5(12 ''''''
,,,.
"'"
.4937
0.5-031

"'"
.'"
""
0 . 2582
0 . 2139
0. 2887
"00
"'"
''''''
0-4830
0.4916
o.5()83
'00
'.;Q
0 . 2739
O. 200.~
0 .3062
"00
I ''''''
0 . 0123
0 . 5214
o.l>3oa
""
"'"
'OO
0 .3028
0 . 3 162
0 .3291
'''''
''''''
'M<>
0 . 5164
0 .1)2·H
000
""
03211
0.33i;4
0.3491 "''''
''''''
"'OO
0 .1>301
0 . .5477
0 . .').')62

...
"'" ... ...
0 .3416 "00 0 .1>323 '00 0 .3623 "00 0 . 5646
'OO 0 .31>36
,"'"
,"00
0 . f>401
.,.,
'''' o .375() ,.,.,
,"'"
0 . 5728

"'" 0.36,52
0.3764
,"OO
"'"
0.5478
0.1)553
0 .3873
0 .3002
O . I)SlO
0.5890

"'" I '"" ''''''

0 . 3873

""
''''''
0.3979
O.Ml27
0.1)701
"'"
OO
0 . 4108
0.4221
"""
0.1)969
0.6047
0.4082
""'" 0.6774
'''''' 0. 4330
""'" 0.6124

'"
r
CAR.NEOIE STEEL COM PA NY

COLUMXS AND STRUTS

A comprCl!llion member, subjected to longitudinal prellllUI't', is
shortened by t he eompre88ion and a lao tends to deRect laterally,
due to the f:u:l that the load cannot be applied coincident with t he
longitudinal axie and that the material is not perfectly homogeneous.
This flexure occurs generally in the direction of the least rosiating
mome nt of the section; the load which will cause a column to fail
dcerCII8CS in t he ratio of length t o least lateral resistance of t he
aection, tho ulti mate failure being the rcau]t of combined streases
due to compression, lrans\"crsc shear and flexure.

Ctl u•• For...ta.. Un der ideal eonditioIUl, ",-hen it CRn be aalumcd

that the load is applied axially and that the material is perfectly
homogeneous, the resistance of thc column would equal ita resistancc
to compre88ive forces up to the clll8lie limit, and there would not
be any fl exure; if, howe ver, a dcflection be imparted to the column
by a lateral force, the column would ultimately fail by bending.

Euler's Formula, l'~k'" F; I or ~ _k (I~r~.' isbaacd upon tbe for~_

goi ng thcory, and gives results eloac t o t he ultimate strength foand
for long /Uld slendcr struts, when II" is a. constant varying wit h the
cond ition of end bearing, (k-l for columns fixcd both ends). Jo'or
shorler and heavier columllll, or for lower ratios of Ifr the reeulle
do not correspond with actual tests.

Rankine's Formula, P- I + :[l/r)' " ~ .. I + C~l/r). ' reprellCnts the

type of formula now in gcneral U!IC and the numerous formulas for pro-
portioning CQlumns which arc based upon this general formulu. agree
with actual tests within certain limite. In this formula a certain
comprC!lllive unitstre86 for direct crushing is S8Sumed and redu ced in
ratio of length of column and least radius of gyration, 1f t ; va.lue of c
is an empirical factor, varying with thc resistunce of the material
lind with conditions of end bearing.
Stuight Line Formulas. In practice eompreseion members of a
greater ratio of slendernese, 1f t, thlln 120 arc rarely used, and withi n
this limit the curve can be represented by a straight line, the general
formula lLI!Suming the simpler form: f ..
r-c <+).

Compl'(lll8lon rormulall dewrmlnlng the resistance or ,,-ehllin rolled beam.

or riveted girdCTII agalnn buckUIlII. or the n6Cellllary reduction ofsa.ro loads due
to lat"' ....1dotlectloll of unbraced beaDll. are likewise based on ono or the other
wpe or column formulas.

'"
 CO L U M N SAFE L O A DS

R. tlo of Slu dc...... The ratio of slenderneell, Ifr, is ratio of the

unsupPOrted length of a eompre8llion member toils nl.(liu~ of gyration,
generlllly the leMt radius, excepting when the unsupported length
is rigidly braced in such a manner as to pre\'ent deftcetion in the
direction which corresponds to the least· radiUll of gyration. Com-
prcllSion members, excepting those of squnre or circular section,
have two principal radii of gyralion. It is, therefore, nece8llary
to determine the radii of gyration of such sections and to U!IC the
proper ratio of slendernellll in any particular case.
Usual practice Iimils the mll.Ji:imum ratio of Ifr to 120 for main
membcl'8 under steady atreases. For secondary members under
temporary stre8fl, such as th06C used in wind bracing, higher ratios
may be uaed, but in no case should the ratio exceed 200.
eo.. p_.h·c Unit s u -o Allowable unit strellllCS for ratioa of
slendcmellll, I/ r, in accordance with a number of eompTCllllion fonnulas
of a more general usc, for columns and strutll, IIro given in table.
C..bIMd Budl . . &.lid eo.. _ l o . St..-. Generally the loads are
di rect a nd equslly dist ri buted over the Cf'OllS section of t he col-
umn or balanced on oppoai l e sidee thereof. In the efLfIe of beama
carried on brackets or other forms of eccentric loading. bending
slre88es arc Ilroduced which should be taken into consideratio n
and the colu mn sections 80 proportioned that the combined
atresses do not e:l:ceed the allowable axial comprceaive strcBII.
• W _ Direct load WI_ Eccentric load.
M _ Bending mome nt due to eccentric load- W,::c.
I _ Moment of iner tia in di rection of bendi ng.
n _Extreme fiber diatance in di rcetion of bending.
A _Area of column @eetion, in eq uare inches.
f _ Allowable a::cial unit comprCflllion; f should beequa I
to or greater than W W ' i +
~,the fibe r 8trCflllCS
due to compretlllioD and bending reepectivciy.
E :"'.IOP~ .. : -Requtred a pIaU! and angleeolumn. 20 fee~ lona:.
to SUSI.ln • b. lanced lo.d o f 210.000 J)Oundl &lid .n eccentriC load of 40.000
pOunds .pplled IS Inchoe from the column center on .xls 1-1.
Aaume. aectlon mado upof 14":I~" web piaU!. four .na:18I6":l4":I%," and
two lI.n,e pl.toN 14":I~".
A -=32.47. 1,_, _ 1351. "-=3.09. 1/l'=- 2Ox12+3.09=77.
Aetu.1 IIbel' I U - _ 210.~~:0.000 + 40.000~:k~:l7·62.S" ll .000poundl .

It tbbi Itress II not within tbe LlmlU of the .Llo.... ble nher ' U - for raUo
Of l/r _77. obtained from the column formula In Ide. another t.rI&l I, made.
 CAR-NEO I E STEE L COM PANY
---
co) rpRESSIO~ FORMULAS FOR STEEL COLUi\INS

Al.ww.HI LE US IT Srn.ESSE!S IS POU~' DS P!:R SQUARE ISCH

RlfIkine A."S.C. A.S,C.':' A.B.E.A. N~ Y"'" Chic.,., Pbilod.1 .... i.

1923 1923 1920 1917 1919 19111

,
Flu ED<!
BHrioc

I I
"""
aJki
...
Buildi"" Rr. BridfN Hy. BndPlI Buildi"",
,
I I IJ»., lI 1
,....
Ji,.,
l
Buildi""

lWOO-7o-!- 1l1000-ro.: llIOOO-io..! ~

•
Buildi"",

"""
Hi'i'1iiJlii

•, 12500 '0000 16250

L6213

"
1249 L
12465
12422 "",.
'"''''
14950
16 103
15924

'""" "'"''
Maoi"",,,, ~1 ..imum 15680
',"00
12281 ..000 14250 ..000 15376
15021

"'"W
12 195
12089 ""'" ""'"
Muirnum 13.'>50 13.'>60 ""'"
13560 14622
14 187

"'"
11968
11834
14306
'''''' ''''''
13913
13200 13200
""'"
""" .:l724

"'"
\1688
11~'J l
'''00
MaiimUDI
""'" ""'"
13071 12160 12160 ""'"
12 150
1324 1
1274{;

"""" " """

11364 1263 1 12243

"" 111 87
11002
' 0000
14578
14148
121S6
11139
11450
11100
11 450
11100 """"
11400
11 100
11741
11242

" .... "".

10811 13714 1I:l94 10750 10750 10752

.,""
80 10613 1:1279 ,",00 10400 10400 10274

,,"'"
10410 12844
12414
"., ''''''''
"00 "'".
10422
"00
'0000
'00'"
9700
9:1.'>0
'80'
93511
8926
" "'" 11989
"'" "'"
'00
'"
""
9784
957 1
1111"
'SO, 'M'
" "'" "'"
11163
10764
"''' ,,,,., "''' .
OUII!

"""
0000 0000 0000
8MO

"""
8.5 12
8116
7138

-
0142 l oa76 7950 7378
'"
'''' SO" ."''' "'"
'600
"OO
7142
'600 "00
7200 ""
6714
'" 8117 7416

-
6407
""
'"
,W "'" ,." "'"
.,,"
'''''
9284
'''''
8944
,." "'" 6 116
58n
'" 7892 8302 62.'>6
8000
''''"
'''''
MOO
''''
'"
,'" "'"7496
7306
77 10
74<11
5756
M24

."" """
7 11 8 7 164
""
""
6934
6154 """
666:1 4895
'" ,." ''''' "'"
M79 6429

'"''''
,., 6242
"" .,."
,,,. ""
4526

'" 80. .
"" 41 92

"'" +
592 1

MAXIM UM RATIO OF

1
~l'ri..ry,
M_"
i5I
Comll'U'lioa Fonnula M.... bet:o C"",prNIiOD Fonnul.
Priaary ' IoooW.r, ' s-b.ry
~of SIMI CouIn>C\iQ_j
Nn. s.:..ltl1 ofCi';J F,agi_... 100
%00
200
~ '" Y.,..k Bid«. 1....
("loi<.:tj B14 Lt. .. . .
lU~ - IW
191 120 100
A",.R')'~"C."'·D . . JOO 1:10 Phil Iphi. 814 ...... 191 1010 140

'"
 STRESSES I N RIVETS AND PINS

STHESSES IN RIVETS AND PINS

RIma. I n tranemitting etl'ClMe8 between riveted piooea, it is
eUHtomary to disregard friction IllId to proportion rivetA to the entire
SIre611 to be transmitted. They must be of sufficient size and number
to reritlt shear and to afforo such bearing area u not 10 cause d iator-
tion of the metal at the rivet holCll. I n the CMe of benms which frame
oppol!ite and of single web giroers, thie latter condition often necefll!.i-
tales a greater thickness of web than required by the shearing stre8llCtl.
In a plate girder with %6" web, ~" rivetll connecting the web with
thc flango anglee would have III bearing value at 24,000 pounds unit
~lre8I! of 5,630 pounds per rivet, while their value in double shenr at
12,000 pounds unit stre1!8 is 10,600 pounds per rivet; and it might be
n~ to increase the web thicknC118 to 71" or more in orocr that
t he pt"088ure of !.hc rivetll UpCID the motal be not excessive.
PI.... Pins musl be calculated for s hearing, bending and bearing
slrce&es, but one of !.he latter two will in mOllt CUCfi determino the
silO. When groupe of bars are connected to the same pin, &II in the
lower chord of truse bridges, the size of the bars must be 80 chosen
and the bars so pl~ed that at no point a D the pin will there be any
I'xeeasive bending 8tre88. When the site of pin bu been determined
from t he bending stress, the th ickness of the bsu or web of the l)()8t
.hould be investigated to provide sufficient bearing area, the bars
being thickened or pin plates added if neeelllJary.
The followiog is the formula for flexure spplied to pin!:
M- f'll'd ll +320r _ f A d + 8, in which M .... U\oment of fo rces
ror any section through pin, f_ fiber stress per square inch in
bending, A_the area of section, d _ diameter, 'II' _ 3.14159. The
forces a re 8.8IIumed to act in a p!sne p/UlSing through the axis of the
pin.
E ,..... n i l I.- Required tho ~Z6 or a pin can-ylnK II
\oa.d 01 64.000 pound •• at a distance 01 !i inCheof betwcom
poInta 01 SUPpoTt: muimum tiber .t~ 2 1.000 poundll per
IIQUlU'f) inch.
I.lendillfl moment.=64 ,OOO x & + 4-80.000 In<:h pOunds:
use a 3!o( In<:h pin: allowed moment: SO,OOO Inch pOund,.
E:U"PLI 2.- Requlted tbo thlckD_ ot metal In the
top chon1 ot a bridle to give ~mclent bearing area to ..
3~·lneh pin, h",,-Infl to t",nsmlt a IU'_ of \21.400 pound.;
ma.x1mum b6Lrin& p..-uro 24.000 pOunlb: per l!Quare loch.
The bMrlna value 01 .. 3~·lneh pin for I Inch thlcknell
of mot"'] lISI.OOO pound.: therelOn'l. the thlcknoss ot Uleta]
",qulted= 12] ..wo +S I.OOO-I}S InCh. or e.ch II'cb or the
chord muatlJe K Inch thick, Includillfl pin plat.el.
 CARNEO I E ST EE L CO MP ANY
,--------- ------------,
R IVETS
S U E.\RINO A:-1D BEAIU:-10 V A I.Ut:8, 1:-1 POUNDS

H -I NCII R IVETS- Area 0 .10635 Square Inch

H -INCll R I VET S-Area 0.30680 Squa.re I Dcb

.;
~

'"
 STRESSES IN RIVET S AND PINS

r
RIVETS
___________8_"__' _,_._'_'_'__' _'_"__"__' _'_._"_'_"__V_'_'_"_'_'C'__"_'__p_' _"_'_"__' __________
1
}i-I NCH H I VETS-Area. 0.60132 SqUaI") I nch

.~
•

.,"
"
"
'.,
V.h.... bo •• IIPPI" dott«!li_ I re Ie- than oi,,*l~ ohM •.
Vol.,.. below 10•• ' dottod Ii......... enlte' IbID double obear.

".
 cARNEa l E STEEL COMPANY

PI~S

BEARING V"LIlf:8 ON r..1~"TAL ON'; INCH Tmcx, I N POllN1l8

D!&. ~ t 1C Unit StMlllll

 ST R ESSES ' N RIVETS AND PINS

PINS

r BItNDISO MOItfENTII IN Tllous",-sl)S OF 11'ClI POUl'WS

Dla." II 0.098 1 76l1liDI~ at .....

.... FIber au- in.,..... per s..~ ,""•

..,......,• ..
"'".~
J.... Sq. IL "'00 leooJ ' I~E1 2~ 1 2~ """" """",.,
... ... ...
~
,
,....• ,. 8.' .., ..,8.'
..,
.786 1.11 1.8 2 .0 2.2 2.4 2.5
Hi
H.
1.227
1.7M
2 ....
2.'
'.2
U
10.6
U
11.6 12.6 13.2 14.2
, ".
..... ., ...."'.0 ""'...•
3.142 11 .8 12.6 14.1 15.7 18.8 19.6 21.2
l~
3.976 16.8 11.11 22.4 'H 26.' 28.0 80.'
'K
." 24.6
32.7 36.8
80.'
".8
22.'
44.9
36.8
49.0
38.3
61.0 " ..
41.4

!it
H'"
8 ....
9.621
11.1N5
".8
".,
80.'
71.7
42.4
82.'
67.3
8:1.8
47 .7
00.'
,..,
76.8
".0
67 .4
8,.,
103.6
68.3
74. 1
011 .6
113.9
...." ..
101.0
12~.3
".2
84.3
106.2
129.4
71.6
91.0
113.7
139.8

•:~ "" ..
.• ,
12.566
14.186
16.~
17.721

111.631\
"'I
113.0
134.2
157.8

184.1
100.6
120.6
143.1
168.3

IDe.4
11 3.1
136.7
16 1.0
1811.4

220.0
1~ .7
100.7
178.11
210. 4

245.4
138.2
1611.8
U)6.8
231.5

270.0
100.8
180.9
2 14.7
2:>2.6

:xI4.6
157. 1
188.4
223.7
263.0

"".8
169.6
241.6
284.1

3.11.3
21.1148 213 .1 ' 227.3 2M.7 284.1 312.6 3,",.9 3M.2 383.6
IS 23.768 245.0 261.3 294.0 326.7 359.3 392.0
! 408.3 441.0

"'' I.,...
280.0 298.6 336.0 373.3 4&11.6 803.'
410.6 1 447.9

•:~ 28.274
30.680
U. I 83
318.1
35\1.11
U9.3
863.6
431.4
381.7
431.4
485 .3 ...., ....
424 .1
479 .4
466.6
627.3
693.1
Ml8.9
575.2
647.1
020. '
"".,
614.0
672.&
647.1
728 .0
6, ..
,
l~
35.785

38.486
41.282
462.11

"'...
&e1.2
483.1

638.8
698.41
....,
882.'

673.4
""·'1
673.5 740.8
148.2 1;.23.1
724.6
808.2 841.8
897.9
j
.64.8

"".
1010.1
816.2

808.'
", 44.170 j 686.6
412 1.3 &112.7 745.& 828.4 911.2 994.0 1035.4 1118.3

.
1006.8 1142.6 1233.9

..
47.173 1 731.2 822.6 014.0 1005.4

8 "'.262 764.0 '0.. 00'" 1005.3 1106.8 1206.4 125G.6 11357.2

820.9 882.0 092.3 1102.5 1212.8 1323.0 1378.2 1488."
:~
~.~
56.745 004.4 964 .7 1086.3 1200.8 1326.4 14"7.0 ,." 1627.0
110.132 1188.6 1062.3 1183.9 1316.4 1446.9 1[,18..5 , 1644.2 1775.8
1
1.89.2 119.12.4
• (13.4117 1073.6 1 114.5. 1 1 1288.3
llM .6 1243.2 1308.41
1431.4
1564.0
1[,74.5
1709.4
1717.7
1864.8 1942.5 2007.9
!~
67.201
70.8112 1262.41 13441.8 1615. 1 1683.6 18M .8 2020. 1 2Ul".3 2272.7
.4.662 136UI I I4.W.0 1(137.9 1819.9 2001.9 2183.9 2274.11 24&e.8

78.640 1472.6 1670.8 ! 1767 . 1 1963.6 2160.8 ""'.2 2464.4 2660.7

""~ 82.616 1:">8.5.0 1601.6 100.:1.0 2114.6 2325.0 2537.4 2643.1 2864.5
8...... ]7().t.7 1818.4 20<16.7 2273.0 2r.oo.3 2727.6 28.41.2 3063.,.,
"
10,. 00.763 1829.4 IUSI.4 2105.3 2430.2 2683.2 292 •• 1 3049. 1 3293.0
1
1
1
D5.033 1960. 1 2000.7 23;'12,1 2613.4 2874.8 3136. 1 3266.8 3528.1
""~ 1XI.402
103.860
2006.8 22341.6 2516. 1 2.0:;.7 :1075.2 3354.8 349".6 3774.2
2230.7 12380 .0 2687 .6 2\186.2 3284.0 3583.6 3732.8 4031.4
"
II ~. 108.434
1J3.097
2.1SS.D 2MS.2 21166.7 3 185.3 3503.8 38.22.3 3081.6 4300.1
2544.7 2714.3 3Ob3.6 3302.0 , 3732.2 4071.[, 4241.2 4680.5
"
'"
 C AR NEO I E ST EE L CO M PA N Y

FLOOR PLATES
F LAT RECTANGULAR PLATES

Rectangular steel plates, plain, checkered or indented, are fre.

quenUy used in mill floor construction, supported by the floor beams
on two sides Of on all four sides and more or less securely fixed to
the flanges of the supporting beams.
The resistance of rectangular plates to superimposed loads may
be obtained from the formulas gi ven below; the formulas given for
plates supported on four sides apply generally to rectangular plates
SUbjected to pressures no rmal to surface of plates.
M .. Beodl", moment, d~ to uoil""" o. _.,...troted lOoOd. ioch·pouodL
f _UDit 6~. 11.-. POUodl pet ......... illOb.
w _ UDi\ lOoOd. POUodl pe....u"", illOb.
a, b_Sid.. of plate. iDe'*'. (o<b) t_Tb;t~ of plate, inebea.
o _P."",odicul .. dilt&D~, Iron> tDlfIt' 10 dioSODol. d. of pllto. ;"t"'"
4> _Limiti", vah... for _ I plaIN, lioed aDd 00\ lind to IUpporl& (". Bach) .

Plate supported on two sides, a-Uniformly distributed load.

M _ wab" _ f S S -!"'!! f -"'b l :::'
• 8 6 t"
Plate supported on four sides, a, b- Uniformly dist ributed load.
a21>" ... w
t -4>i a o + blTo 1-4>l c' fi 4>_~.to%

Plate supported on fOllr sides, a, h-Concentrated load in center.

1_.,ab PeP
&2+1>" fi t -H i" a to 1", .-l¥.
BUCKLE PLATE S

Buckle plates arc generally used on highway bridges wit h paved

floors, and mlly be Ilubjected to conccntrated live loads, due to the
weight of truck wheels and to a uniform load due to the paving.
The resistance of buckle plates, when the buckle is turned up
and in compression may be computed from the formulas (Winkler):
Total uniformly distributed load
W _ 4 r d t. pounds per buckle.
Total concentrated load, in addition to uniform deu,d load.
1'_ t (100 t d t-21i.2 .. a b) pounds per buckle
od+i5t '
., b_Sid~ t_Tbitk_. d - Rioe 01 Bu.kle. ioobee.
w_Uoi\ 10.<1, powtdo pot .....aa in.b. I_Allowable &~. ,I_!IOOO lbe. pet .... iorb.

Buckle plates are generally placed with the convex side of the
buckle turned down and in tension, in which case the strength of
the buckle plates is about three ti me9 greater.

'"
 FLOOR. PLATES

BUCKLE PLATES-DIM~ :--s l o:-;s

Si... of Burkle.
Sioe of Burklo.
I .. h••
,
~.
No.
loth.. Die
N.
Si ... of Buokl ••
I""h •• I m.
No.
• b d • b • b d

~~ 2~ ,
I-="-
, .,., ,,, ,.,,
--
23~ 24 2~ " "" "" ,, """ .,., "".,
23
23~
"""
28~
47
2~
2 ""' .,"" , ", 23~ ,~
, , n,,
24
12 .,"
23~ 2~
" , "" I""" ,". ,.
24
26
30
44
28hj 1 23~
30
"
24
" 2
2~
2a
. ""
"""
"
""
""
,,,
,
"'"
"",
""K "
" "
,~
,
, "
,
18 jg 11 "" " " ,,". "n, " " 51
"
.. .""
1 -"
:1 J.i
32
33 l
44
" 2
"" , 8
" 33

33
30
"
, 33
2~
3 "
Mu, .. ~ .. \\,,,,,,, _if" lor pili" no~(m:r 11 It 10",. jI" for pia"", MI over 35 It. I"",.
Muu.c>, LISOfH_3S fl. PII"'" oS .... It. le .... lb <an be obtained by opIi-l.~.
AL.LQ ...... UI o.·...CN i.. ItDilb Or ";dth 111.. 1 he,iv... OIIdn."ina, ,..bt~ d ...... ~ i. d_.
}:~. h,se" . _ 2" MinimWII IS" Mui"'"m
SIDE F ... so,,", 0_2" Minimum G;i" MuimWII 4" or I... 1>1"1""",.
F"~.,, 1_2" Mi .. ",u", G" Muimum 4"Of 1_. prdurtd.
f;n F"'SOA to be mad. I Hke if poooibl.. II ""or lS", lIIill'.....ith Ind .. ..,.... plate.
SIOI h .. scl:I to be made alike if poooible. Wbe .. lid. 4"",.. mUll be of unequal .. idth. lbe

._ito
pllte .hould be ord."", ";de .nough to make tor<) 6"",.. 01 tbe cruter .. i,lth. Aliti' plate
II burkle<!. it ..ill be obeoroJd to '""lui"'" ..,dlh.
Bucnu r ... be 1'lIglb,..;" or of olate. but diflemtt Ii... lItould Dol be. woed i .. th •
..... plate. PI."", "'" buok.ltd 0DIl b<trklo all lune. or.:;! lbe DUDlher 01 b<trk.l,," dewmiood
by Ill. '" b<trk.leo. fill.to,nd ODd 60",". and by 1<,,«lb of plate Ibal .an be flbntohd.
A plalo 35 ft I"", could b&,.. '~H buckf.. No. II. b _ 2'·2" . •i,h 1-3).1" and .-SYo"
or. 0 b<trk.l.. No. 12. b - 3'.$". ';\b f _ ZY." and e _ l"
UWS.cnOli f10u:s .... _ally for ~" . ,~" o. }i" '''..toor boIto. )101.. of dill'.=1 " ...
in tho _ pl ate i"""'''ee tho _,. "hClliO: er-..iee. _alb' 6". ';th 4»" ~hn.
1.."'lb....... ft<>m 6" to IZ". Odd _uond.o. iD",~ y.".
Dt.. ...,so m..1 lito .. Top Vi .... of pll lo. Jive Di. Number. and .\.ote .. hett••• h<trk.l .. ore
t,trntd up or down. WileD h<tok.l .. ore lUlDed d<>wn. th. d ....UI/I: mUlt 01>0... Dr'ln Hole
in the .... lei' 01 each buckle.

'"
 C A(t NEO l e STeE l.. COMPAN Y

CORRUGATED SHEETS
Corrugated sheets are used for roofs and sidell of building!!. They
are usually laid directly upon the roof purlins and held in place by
means of clips of steel hoops which cncircle the purlin and are
placed about 12 inches apart. Special care must be taken that the
projecting edges of the sheeta at the e&VC8 a.nd gable ends of ths
roof are well secured, other wise the wind willlo08en the sheet.s.
Corrugated sheets are made in the sizes given on opposite page,
the size most generally used has nominally 2~inch corrugations,
actual width 2%inehes, aboutM inch in depth. Thegages frequently
used for roofing are Nos. 20 and 22, U. S. Standard Gage.
By one corrugation is meant the double curve between corres-
ponding points, and by depth of corrugation the greatest deviation
of the curved surfaces from the straight line.
One and one-half corrugations are allowed for lap in the width
of the sheet and 6 inches in the length for the usual quarter pitch
roof; one corrugation in width and 4 inches in the length of tbe
sheet is usually allowed fo r sidings.
Corrugated sheets of 2, 2,!;2 a.n.d 3 corrugations are furnished in
standard lengths of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 feet and with a standard
covering width of 24 inches, when laid with a lap of either one
or one and one-half corrugations.
By experiment it haa been deter mined that corrugated sheet
steel, % inch deep and No. 20 gsge spanning 6 feet, began to
give a permanent dcflection with a load of 30 pounds per sq. foot,
and that it collapsed with 0. load of 60 poundll per sq. foot.
The distance between centers of purlins should, therefore, not
exceed 6 feet and should preferably be le88 than thia.
App roximately the uniformly dis tributed safe load of corrugated
sheeUi may be obtained from the for mulaa given below, using the
following notatioos:-
W=Total a.llowable uniform load, in pounda.
!>=Curvilinea.r width of sheet, in inchell,
= 1.075 x covering width.
I=Un9upporled length of sheet, in inchea.
t=Thickncss of sheet, in inches.
d =Dcplh of corrugations, in inchee.
f_Allowablc fiber stre88, in pounds per IKI. inch.
Tben' W= SfS = Sf :II: 4bdt ..... 32fbdt
. I T 15 lIT
for f_ 10000, W __ 21,333 bdt
I

".
 CORRUOATED S HEET S

CORRUGATED SHEET8-0UIESSIOXS
... "'' '<:.... ... "'' ' .. ""I) .. co .........

-
t ....L .... '"

DI!:SCRIPl'l ON 0" S nEI!:TS AREAS Oil' S HEET!'!

W;.Ilb, , ... hoI ~~ Sq. Ft. ill I Shed ~iD 100 Sq . ...
Width, I ... ~
c........ 1- eo......lio..
Nu.. ComJ,pIio..
D.epU>, bet FoIl ~
sI:t ~
)<=:,,) ctuaJ ' ... hoI Sbm illl _
6" r·2~W 'If'.. 0" 3·.!)W', ltf"

...
,..,
2" "
----
•• ",•J< "" ,.,.,." ~
% 8.67 9.23
7214n 1300 12" 7. 14
" ' " 14
' 7.69 ' .00

..
00
~ 841633 1517

•••• "" ""'""" "

6. 12 6.59
~ 9618671733 1667
10821 19WI 8 7 4 .76
2:Wo 120:23 3 2167 2Q 83 4.29
"'. 6.77
6.13
4.62
' .00
5.33
' .80
<0 24 lk_ 144 28 00 26 00 26 3.57
"
Sbodard 1.1\K1hI ,S, G. 7.8. hod 10 It. Mui.mum1""1\h. 12 11. aoept lor "'..
$i... d'"""-"<f· 2}'l1 &f1I for lho 27)i" .;.Ilb.
3.85 • 00"
oortII,jjotioao.

--------
P .U Nl'EO SHJ;;El'S-Weighta in Poundll per 100 Square Feet.

Cor, TbitkDeBI, t:nited Slal<l Slaod&td Gsc.

~ ..
In.

, ""
10 12
" " " "." " " "
14 16 18 20 28 I 29
0

'ill
m "'"
"" '" '" '" '" 269
n. """ """ """ """
'" '" '"'" '" '"'" "m
135 122

, "" '" '"

61t. 342 219 165 L37
m
"" '" '" '" 270
" " " " 136 122

,
'U "" '"'" '" '"
'" '" '" '"
'" """ """ """ """
136 122
127
113

GAl,VANI1:EO SUEET&-\\' eight8 in Poundll per 100 Square Foot.

Tbit!< ..... Unil<d Stal<l SIand&td (Jage
~~ ,' ~.~

SQ. F Et:l' Oil' 2 ~ IN. STASDARD SHJ;;ETS 1'0 COVER AREA Oil' 100 SQ.l'T.
 CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY

PIPE-BLACK AND GALVANIZED

NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY STANDARD

STANDARD PIPE
~

Diameters , Weight pcr Foot,

Coupli ngs
Inches Thick- Pounds Threads
Size, ness , per
Threads
In. Inchet! Plain
and Inch Diameter, Length , Weight,
External Internal
Ends Inches Inches Pounds
Couplings
- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~ .405 .269 .068 .244 .245 27 .562 ~ .029
U .540 .364 .088 .424 .425 18 .685 1 .043
Ys .675 .493 .091 .567 .568 18 .848 1~ .070
~ .840 .622 .109 .850 .852 14 1.024 1% .116
~ 1.050 .824 .113 1.130 1.134 14 1.281 1Ys· .209
1 1.315 1.049 .133 1.678 1.684 11 ~ 1.576 1~ .343
1U 1.660 1.380 .140 2 .272 2 .281 11~ 1.950 2~ .535
1~ 1.900 1.610 .145 2.717 2.731 11~ 2.218 2% .743
2 2.375 2.067 .154 3 .652 3.678 11~ 2.760 2Ys 1.208
27!i 2.875 2.469 .203 5.793 5 .819 8 3.276 2~ 1.720
3 3 .500 3.068 .216 7.575 7.616 8 3.948 3~ 2.498
37!i 4.000 3 .548 .226 9.109 9.202 8 4.591 3Ys 4 .241
4 4 .500 4 .026 .237 10.790 10.889 8 5 .091 3Ys 4 .741
4~ 5.000 4.506 .247 12.538 12.642 8 5.591 3Ys 5.241
5 5.563 5.047 .258 14.617 14.810 8 6.296 4~ 8.091
6 6 .625 6.065 .280 18.974 19.185 8 7.358 4}1 9.554
7 7.625 7.023 .301 23 .544 23 .769 8 8 .358 4~ 10.932
8 8.625 8 .071 .277 24.696 25.000 8 9 .358 4Ys 13.905
8 8 .625 7.981 .322 28.554 28.809 8 9.358 4Ys 13.905
9 9 .625 8 .941 .342 33.907 34.188 8 10.358 5~ 17.236
10 10.750 10.192 .279 31.201 32.000 8 11.721 6~ 29.877
10 10.750 10.136 .307 34.240 35.000 8 11.721 6~ 29.877
10 10.750 10.020 .365 40.483 41.132 8 11.721 6~ 29.877
11 11.750 11.000 .375 45.557 46.247 8 12.721 6~ 32.550
12 12.750 12.090 .330 43 .773 45.000 8 13.958 6~ 43.098
12 12.750 12.000 .375 49.562 50.706 8 13.958 6~ 43.098
13 14.000 13.250 .375 54.568 55.824 8 15.208 6~ 47.152
14 15.000 14.250 .375 58.573 60.375 8 16.446 6~ 59.493
15 16.000 15.250 .375 62.579 64.500 8 17.446 6~ 63.294

The permissible variation in weight i. 5 per cent. above and 5 per cent. below.
Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered.
Taper of threads is %: " diameter per foot length for all sizet!.
The weight per foot of pipe with threads and couplings is based on a length of 20 feet,
including the coupling, but shipping lengths of small sizet! will usually average less than 20 feet.
All weights and dimensions are nominal. On ailes made in more than one weight, weight
deaired must be Bpecilied.

166
 STEEL PIPE

PIPE-BLACK AND GALVANIZED-Concluded

NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY STANDARD

EXTRA STRONG PIPE DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG PIPE

Weight, Weight
Diameters,
Thick- FPer DII·amheters, Thick- FPer
Inches oot, nc es oot,
Size, ness" Pounds Size, ness, Pounds
In. 1- - - , - - - - 1 Inches Plain In. Inches ~
External Internal External Internal
Ends Ends

ii% :~~g
.675
:~M .126
.423
:~i~ :~§~ I 1 ~ 1.315
.738
l:g~g :~~~ .358
.599
:~5~ 3.659
Ul6
h i .840 .546 .147 1.087 Hi 1.660 .896 .382 5.214
% 1.050 .742 .154 1.473 1~ 1.900 1.100 .400 6.408
1 [ 1.315 .957 .179 2.171 2 2.375 1.503 .436 9.029
II/. 1.660 1.278 .191 2.996 2~ 2.875 1.771 .552 13.695
1)11 1.900 1.500 .200 3.631 3 3.500 2.300 .600 18.583
2 ..2.375 1.939 .218 5.022 3~ 4.000 2.728 .636 22.850
2~ 2.875 2.323 .276 7.661 4 4 .500 3.152 .674 27.541
3 3.500 2.900 .300 10.252 4~ 5.000 3.580 .710 32.530
3Y!j 4.000 3.364 .318 12.505 5 5.563 4.063 .750 38.552
4 4.500 3.826 .337 14.983 6 6.625 4.897 .864 53.160
4Y:i[ 5.000 4.290 .355 17.611 7 7.625 5.875 .875 63.079
5 5.563 4.813 .375 20.778 8 8.625 6.875 .875 72.424
6 6.625 5.761 .432 28.573
7 7.625 6.625 .500 38.048 Furnished with plain ends and in random
8 8.625 7 .625 .500 43.388 lengths unleas otherwise ordered.
9 I 9.625 8.625 .500 48.728 Permissible variation in weight, for extra
10 10.750 9.750 .500 54.735 strong pipe, 5 per cent. above and 5 per cent.
below.
11 11.750 10.750 .500 60.075 For double extra strong pipe, 10 per cent.
12 12.750 11 .750 .500 65.415 above and 10 per cent. below.
13 14.000 13.000 .500 72.091 All weights and dimensions are nominal.
14 15.000 14.000 .500 77.431
15 16.000 15.000 .500 82.771

LARGE O. D. PIPE

Weight per Foot, Pounds

~
. Thickness, Inches

:~~~~~~~~~\
1436.71345.682 54.568 63.371 72.091 80.726 89.279106.134122.654138.842
__
1_

1539.38349.020 58.573 68.044 77.431 86.734 95.954114.144132.000149.522

1642.05352.357 62.579 72.716 82.771 92.742102.629122.154141.345160.202
1744.72355.695 66.584 77.389 88.111 98.749109.304130.164150.690170.882
1847.39359.032 70.589 82.061 93.451104.757115.979138.174160.035181.562
20 65.708 78.599 91.407104.131116.772129.330154 .194178.725202.923
21 69.045 82.604 96.079109.471122.780136.005162.204
22 72.383 86.609100.752114.811128.787142.680170.215
24 94.619110.097125.491140.802156.030186.235
26 102.629119.442 136.172152.818169.380202.255
2S 128.787146.852164.833182.730218.275
30 138.132157.532176.848196.081234.296
Furnished with plain ends and in random length., unless otherwise ordered.
All weights and dimensions are nominal.

167
 CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY

BEARING PLATES
Steel Bearing Plate3 are provided for the ends of beams re~ting
on ffi(l,ljonry. to distribute the pressure over a sufiiuient area. the
allowable unit pressure d epe nding upon the class of IIIllsonry used.
The size. area and thickness of a bearingplatc depends on the end
re9.etion. the length and width of bearing 9.nd allowable unit I:Ilrc88.
Assuming that the maximum oondlng moment occursln the center or i.>Cariag :
A = Length of 003ring pla to. In Inches.
U = W!dth or I)carlng plate. In Inch~.
-='I'hlcknellS of 003rlng plate. In Inch"".
t
II =Flango width of beam. III Inches.
w _ Allowable ullit pr088Urc on masonry.
11 -. - _ R _ ReacHon on be""ingpla\.ell!n l",und~ _ ... A . D
"I - It xl! _ .!i x..!L ... .li.!..!!:=!U
2 4 2 4 8

B_b-
wA llto
, ,
b) = fAtI

1'" : -- b -....B·b
:·••
A
t = , I:I w h W b). B (ll-b) _ .\ ft ·
"'''''B .... .l 11 4f ""!J"i'"
too or ooam flangc. for Cll.nlllevcr projcctlOI1 ~
Taking mom e n t.!! U
- ,
M = '" A(1l
, t =h ( B- b ) '\J~
These formulas glvc 10"'rr values tor "I
and L and are applicable only
when It can 00 assumed tlHH middle pan . b. or the plate 18 rIgidly held In
plaoo. and that there arc no bending Stn'!MCS In o"nter or pIa Ie.

Standard ilearlng !'Iales -Slzoo. Allowable l'1"tlI3ur~","d 1.. lmltlngSpalls.

, ,

'"
 STRUCTURAL DETA I LS

S I'fX:l.4o I, B F.::.4oRllOG P I.ATF.::S

Plates of special aizca may be computcd from t hc forcgoing

formulns or from the Project ion Coefli cicnts, B( B-b), after the
requi red surface of t he bearing platc hnIJ been dctermined from the
reat·tion of the hctlm and t he allowablc prelSllure on the masonry.
En" ....: Ikq~ I btulllC pI.te ";Ih • -'I btari .. 01 20 i ..d .... ou.......". _ " '..
• . , . u.. , _ 0 1 m JIOII'" per oq~ i..,lI. 10 dlflnbu", u.., ~ad ~ 01. %4"-100 lb .
..... IIIpporti",. unif"""" d"",buled 1_ 0= ...... 0111 feet, boa", ud plata (oJ .......1ed
lor iher 01,- 0118000 JIOIIIIdo.
lka<:tioll, R. 01 24"-100Ib. hM.m. I I ft ........ Ur..800 pOUIoda.
A..,., of 11.te _lka<:liOD+Ua,t I' ... ~. 1U7.800+m .. 431.2 oq. ib(hto.
Di .....IIIio.. 0/ Jlt.&,i", 11.",: .40 .. 22". 8 _20" • .4o ....... 44(1oq. i""beo.
Proie<:tioo Coelficienl: 8 (1I-b).20(20-7.U) _ 2M.(I.
lteIorriltjj 10 IaLIe 01 l'roj.ett;oll c.:.elficie"te: DeII't!Il .. &I ... for unit Jl'-U" 01 2.50 pouadl
ud ibtrl~ 01 18000 JIOIIodI ill ~.6.Ii"" for. I ~"·pI.te.
EAct nail< I""" r"....,ula:-( _ \ ' s .. : i,BObl .. .. U3".

Projection Coetll<:!enl •• B ( B-b). tor v.nom n.lues of .... and t

.U
4 ~,~
.0.0
a.Q
'"
113.4
13J,O
11>8.4
,p>
21o.~
24M

>6,
 CARNEGIE STEEL COM PANY

STANDARD BEAM COKNECTIONS

24- 20," 18," 15"

.,'. " '6". -0

..•- -
-;;i-
.. ___ <to ••
-0
-0
0

" -- .
~ .. -- -0

2C4"x .·x ;\:x O:tlW

21:4x4"" ~'x I'·S~· Wel;rht Z11ba.
W~iaht 39 It...

12-
211t
n

-' ~-u
[1
•
•
• ...;;'----0
. ----0..

2 C."x ."x ){,'" O~;;' 2lH"x 4'" ¥I" O:.s l1'

Weight 17 It... Wel;rht 13 Ib ..

7; 6; S" 4; 3'
",v;. 2~'211,'
" 2%"2 ~'

~-- ~
~, '"T"'
$ ------tli lLJ,.,.,.-,
21:S'" . "x 'Yo"x~' 2C' 6"x.'x %",,0'.2'
Weltrht 1 lbo. Wela-ht 5 lb •.

IUnIe ODd boIlI W' dio«>eter.

Wtighll given toN! for !-'."",h Pop rift'" ud a",!e coD.... tionl;
be odded lor field rin ll or bOiti.
.,,,
 STRUCTURAL DETAILS
r-------~~~~~~---------
BEAM CONNECTIQi"S-LutlTIN(] V ,\LUES

... _ _

_-;:-=~-='~'~=-_
0__

....
"-- _ ,M••

....,u'a I
,.a! ....
01 R, ... u(
...d D"II. .1 Floor Be""",
~,p !';po.a. I- Gird ..
Beam
Otplb \\'~I Web 8bo~Jr>d"- Web ~t:!. 18.000 II,. f10.000 II,. Web. I'

I~ 1:'0 .~~ IB':"II ~1I! ::: ::: 1--=:1 ~:~ ~-;:

21 79.9 ..000 0 12 ti7f1OO ID.tiD6301", 17 . .'>0 .~89
2\) 8 1.", .tiOO ", 8 MOOO 2" .89 353..:1 2'2. 13 ..589
20
18
18
15
65.4
Uo.6
M.7
60.8
~'iOO
.500
... 00
,500 "
I" 4
"
8
8
8
8
53 100
",5000
00400
"' 1"00
19.85
2 1.M
15.01
13.78
353"3
3.'..:1<13
&>3"3
3!'h143
17.M
19.1"
13,a·1
12.2.5
.689
.~80
.689
.689
I ,;
12
12
42.9
40.8
31.8
.410
.400
.350
",
:I
:I
36900
8
6
31000
6
2362..'>
I26::>06
10,00
26"~OO I 10.15
9.13
ar':H.1 8 .80
9.02
8.12
.680
.1189
.625
10 25.4 ':11 0 ", ",
27000 17671 8.29 7.a7 .589
9 21.8 .200 4 4
26100 17071 6.41 6.70 .689
8
7
18.4
15.3
I
.270
.2.'>0
"
2
21300",
2
112.>0
1761'l
88.16
"'.83
7.03
"'.29
6.2:1
.689
.6 89
ti 12.::> .230 2 2
10050 883ti "'.93 "'.38 .lIS9
(, 10.0 .210 2 O~.'>O
2 8!1.16 3.28 2.02 .589
" 7.7 . 100 2 MOO2 8836 2.09 1.86 .!l70
a 6.!...J.....,170 2 2
7650 88:16 1.30 1.15 .1110
l.imiti". Spa.. _ . X Beadi". ~ I omea: 0/ Beam + 1 _ , ...... 0/ s...., ComItttioe.
The beam connections in aoove table IIrc baaed on the rellislll.llce
of ~.&" rivets in bearing and shcnr only, no momcnt streSSCI being
considered, and Ihe value8 given agrcll with testa made on beams
under ordinary conditiOM of \~.
\feb c.:-u-: -o.n..c S~Ri"'1I _-.i~ :10.000 II,. per ecj.
ia.
o..~ lAp: SIoeviac S~Ri_ ia.
0< BoI_JWd 10.000 lb. ptr ecj.
Web ~ I': -o.n..c !O.ooo
SII'-.-Rinll Of &I_field ia.lh. ptr ....
W.b Illi~ I'. oIlinlor '-'" <OrTfIIp)IOi to Nquirtd rtUI&Dce iD bean", •
.. boa boamo f _ O!lPO'ile.
Rpceial connections must be used when limiting conditions Ilro
exceeded, such 8.8: End reaction of \x>ll.m greatcr thnn "alue of
connection-Short Bran with beam fulty loaded-Thinner webs of
ginlera resisting maximum cnd reactiOM of beams.

mYE1'S AND BOLTS-UNIT STllt:SSf.S.

Baorin.S~

Rivets and Turned Dolts, enclO6Cd, Shop 30,000 lb. per sq. in.
Rivetll and Turned Dolt8, one side, Shop 2,1,000 ~
Rivets and Rough Doltll, enclOlled, Field 20,000 •
Ri ,'ets and Rough Bolts, one side, Field 16,(0) •

m
 CA R NEO I E STE E L COM I' ANY

STA NDARD GAGES AN D DI MENSIONS FOR BEA.MS

fo. : :
.'!.. •••• t······
-: JiJ
Nominal dimenllons are:-n&nge wldtb and "0" In el!Jbths. web thlekne.
. Jlb-

In Ihteenths. 0l1li'" for conlloctlon &ngles are determined by )i web tbkkne..

"'.....
8t.IWdard 1l1li01 rna)' be varied If conditions require.

..... r... .10;::

- - ----
I,
Wtl,hl

'''' I
Wid

I, - - ,•
\\'eb
Tblok-

I •.
~
'-

I,
0 ...

I •.
Grip
•
I •.
f
~~_'._._~
I-- \I h
Mu.
Rr. ... ill
n....

.. ,,,,
----i

,. •, 'U' ...
~
!~ "''' ".'"~ ••-I..,"
120.0 ZO'~
1 15.0
110.0
"t ' ... ZO~~ 11

" ..
.. ,•• "''' " -I•
10:>.0 ~
" ....
,. 00.' ~~ I '.... I ~:
100.0' ~
....
....
~ "'. ,:~• ...il "
I~
".
• 0.0

M.' ,
t" .... '%
•
70.9 j

.
\, •
.....
'" ,0.0
100.0
05.0
00.'
'.
~tl
,, " ...
It ...
..
,~, 11. ,•
••
•
,, .,"
,,. -I..,.
16~i-
,.... .. 11

,.!l! ••..• ......

8 1.<1 lIHi

•• •• "" ." ••. -.

75.0 '; 16~i-

....00.' , . ••....
70.0
'"
"
M.'

M.'
76.1$
n~
j'~
;-~
'
'
\.

~"• ••
•
•• ......
'"
,,.•• 'i....."
1 4~~ l':.i
I., 11

70.0 I .
G~~ ""- ... 'I, "~" "" :~:~ '...Ii I
Ii 14%

M.' ". ••
,., ..
M.O :l1~ II~.

" 00.0 G'.

• •• 'I, 11

"'1".' '"'I, "" 15»

"
75.0
70.0
M.' !~ '
It ...•• ij ",.",. Ii 'I.-I..," ..
:IIi-
'I'
1111

OG.'
... ••. ...~: •• '" .
\ 11%

'.
" .,.I III ..."" '" n •• ..II". I
'M :1\1• 12'i
:l1~ 12\~ I \~
45.0 IZ\~
Ii
••42.9 :1\, J 2\!J \ 1\1

'"
 ST~U C TU~Al DETAilS

I "TANDARD GAGES AND DI"ENSIONS FOR BEMIS

tH '-0______ f - - -'0-
10
I.,
Nominal dlmcnlkll1ll &I"II: -nanga width and "0" In eighth" web thlcJcllCllOl
III WrU)('nth8. Gage. tor oollllOl:(lon ""810. &1"11 determined by Ji web thlelmc.-.

......•,.
.-
Standard !&gaI ma)' bo "a.r'Icd It oolldltlOll' require .

"tit;ht •,..., ")b I ~b 0 ...

.,.... M ..,
I::' "-01111 ~' _' • ,
Grip
, , Ri.t\ im

i, U. i, i, i,. i, i,. i,. i ,. i,.

..,..
h.

" .... !l;",

M.O
ilO.O
n: ••
40.8

.,
'Ii

.,
'.,
' II.
.,
.,\\
...,
"~
,'"
,",
""r,r, 9'~
01,
91~
w,
"!~ ... ~
,I.
.'.,
.,
"
. .
35.0
ao.o
,'I,
.,.,-, ••" .,""" ,, ", .,-,"
31;.0

.... .-,,
m
"
....
1\\~
~I.

""'" " "

", ... 'r,
",
,.,
... ,
7\<,.
7\,
"I
1'\ 'i •
0• .,
.,.," ", '". ,, .,.,.,
6 i
'" '-, \,

.,
2:0.4 \, 6 i

• 300 .,
.......
3,-,,0 4 L,
...
~ Z',
ZIt ~-
I,

". ..•, " ., ",'" '" '. .,.

:l~.O
Z18 Z\. 1~

,. ., .,"" ,",'" -. '" '"". .,.,.,"

2.~.1\ 41~
, 'I 210
,~. ,
6 2(1.5
18.4
'"~ "
\
'i,
'n
'"'" ~l Yo
"
, ,». 'i,

.,
:It, Z\, 51\
:1 _,

. . ". .,"
17.5 2\.
~
1'1\
" 'I
"
,, " ...
1;;.3 5\,

, •• .," ..
'" 17 ,2.j '.,
...
., 'I

" . ., ''". " "

6 I,

., ...
14.7.5 3h
~
, " "
12.6 :I&f
... ...•• '"
• 14.71\
IZ.25

.,
10.0
.,'"
.,
'" ., '"'" ...
,"'
i'
...
~
...%
'.
,.''". . .," '" .,., '"..... ,.. ••
• "
10.S
9.'"
6.'
~~
,~ ,.
~t iI.
l! V,
II
•
",

,,' " "••

, ,,' ~, 'I.' iI.
••
V.
'" "" "
i"
i"
i'
"
173
r
_ _ _ _ _ _ _C_A_O
_N_ ' _O_' E ST EEL CO MPA
..::.
NCY'--_ _ __

STA~DARD GAGES AND DIMEXSIONS FOR CHANNELS

Nominal di mensIonl a.re: -nange wtdth and "0" In e lgh thl, wob thl('kncw
In .brteenthl. 01188'1 tor oon nectJ(ln a"gl,. are d eterm ined b)' .... eb thlcknt'a.
St&ndard 8a1j:(lS ma.y be ,' &rio<! It cood l Wons l'Cqulre.

""•. ,
Gril> M...
RiTtl ill

,.
<>000'
,.• ,.• "'-- ~l&,,"

,''.. ••..'.
'G
'I
'
"I.

'". .-,,--,
'G
l 'i
';
'~

..."
1', ~
'I
" 1',
1' ,
I I~
,
".
";1
II
1\\ •
'I.-
"
tt ".
-,
'I
-,.
'0

,
'I
".
'I.
';
';
".
,,
'I
.-
';'

"I.
'I
-L
'I. ••
8
'I.
'I.
'I.
t
'II
'.'.
':'
'.
i.
.--,
"\.

\I.
'I .,
'I. '~ 11\.
, 'A.
'I. .,.," ••-,"
1.
\I
~
~
~
., •• \I

• ••••~
""-, II'I
, ••
-, ••
•••• "" 11\I \\

• ••••,. •• Il
II

, Il
'I.
~.
"
'"
 STRUCTURAL DETA I LS

BEAM SEPARATORS

r
....
~ 'IT?!' H
1 7..:
!.
:1
. .
24 1201010.5·9 " ,,",n,'

""
24 9.5andllO 8
79.9 8

"
'" "" M,O
00
" 186 ami 80
76.6
70 and 6lI
" 00
M.7

"
"
"

"
, ~ 0.9
609
~ 0.9
~0.9
40.8
1 ,,
40.8
40.8 ,

17.5
 CAR.NEO I E STEEL COMPANY

TIE RODS AND AKCHons

C. 10 C ILome"" Weoa:!>l C.1o c j ~ Weicht C.1o Cj LeDcIh We~1 C.1o C. ~tb \\'~i«bl
~~r;;;;;:;; r~l-;;:- ~PO\lDdo Ft.·I... Fl.-Ill. i'0\l..;. ~
Ft ...... I'ou..d.
I..() 1·3 2.30 1·3 ]-Gl. 2.61 ~. 1·9 3.0[, 1·9 2·0 3.~2
2-0 2·3 3.80 2-3 2-6 4.11 2-6 2·9 4.M 2-9 3"() 4.92
3·0 3·3 5.30 3·3 3-6 5.67 3·6 3·9 6.05 3-9 4..() 6.42
4..() 4-3 6.80 "'-3 "'·6 1.11 4-G 4-9 1.55 4_9 [,,-0 7.92
s-o [,..'1 8.30 [,-J [,-6 8.61 IHJ [,-9 9.05 [,-9 6-0 9."'2
6-0 6-3 9.80 6-3 6-6 10. 17 6-6 6-9 10.M' 6-9 '·0 10.92
1..() 7-3 11.30 7-a 7-6 11.61 7·6 7·9 12.05 7·9 8-0 12.42
8-0 8·3 12.80 8-3 8-6 l a. 17 8·6 8-9 13.[,5 8-9 9-0 13.92

A~Cllon3

3""'''011 DOL ..

0:0: 0 :::J

I Diameter '-" Wept

I
I""b..
,
",'M
, .
F..,.I""bto

'·3
,~
r .....

,.,
3.1

,.,
Wt'ipl includ.. Nul M~ R odl'O"I""'. WI .• 31bt.

AIIOLII A NCHOII

Wh ... """Ier _Ier

I<> 01 .""",," ;. 1_ Ibu
..idth 01 "uber............. with 1_ hoi...
Z ADjtI .. 1Y' I
Wei&ht ..ilh
41t1 ~~ I O'~'I'"
Yo~ bollA, l' lbo •
 STRUCTU R. A L DETA I LS

DETAILS FOR PUi\CH I NG AN D IUVETING

U,.,ItWAN D lt l DGe CO" P .. "Y $T .. NI>~"I>

CONVENTIONAL S IO:O:8 }ron ItlVETiNG

....... _.hl_
ShOD RiveU Field Rlveu Shop Rivet.

~"-
~ ....... ~-.
~
c.-....,...,bu,
... _t. H ~-
::y\:.~~.
~-
.., ~
:.z..~
.....
;I 1
~ e-
I I I ! I
j I I I •I 1~ ~l
• I
I
I •I
I I
, II I• l~ I
- .;i "f.f --0 .-3Si ' --lO{ ":HI! "'.,. -0--0 -0$ ' - '" ..
nH.IE NSIQNS O~' STR UCTURAL R IVETS
. _· •• w _•• _~

I
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CARNEOIE STEE L COM PA NY
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R IVET SPACIXG

M I N IMI.ar PITC H FOR :0.' ACBlNE RIYET INO

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 STRUCT U RAL DETAIL S

REDUCTION OF AREA FOR RIVET HOLES

Area III Square In<;hes-DlaIDet<lt of Hole by T hlclmfl8l of Metal
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PITCH OF RIVETS TO MAINTAIN NET SECTION

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 CAR NeG I E STEEL COMPANY

STIWCTURA L HI VET S
,UUCIUC"N .alDOI< COM PANl' ITAI<DAlU>

LENGTHS or "'It:..!) I h\'t:T8 t'QK VAKIOUS GRIPS

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 STRUCTURAL DETAILS

STRUCT URA L RIVETS

""'''RI C .. ", BRIDGe CG)oIP,,:<T 8TAI<OARO

WEIGHl' IN P OU:""DS 1'.:11 100 RJ\' l."l'S \\'11' 11 BUTTO:"" Ih;,l.DS

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 CARNeOle STEEL CO,"'PANY

SCREW T HREADS 1
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 CUI;NIHlI€ !; T EIl L COMPANY

DOLTS WITII SQU ARE III~ ADS AXD NUTS

WEIGHT IN P OUSoS p}:n 100 BOLTS

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SQUAIlE NUTS AND BOLT H EADS

\VEIOIIT IN POUNlliI YOII. OSE HEAD A SD OSE NUT

2'. 3

1.'1·1
 S TRUCTURAL D ETA I LS

BOLTS WITH II EXAGO:\, HEADS Ai\D NUTS

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Atldi !.i<>nal AddLt!o ...1

H EXAGON NUTS AXD BO I/ L' IJ.EA DS

"'''R ' C~'' elUDOI: CO"PA N" .TAl'DAIID

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WEIOIIT IN PO UNDS I'on OS"; Ih:A D AND

Diome... of Boll.
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 CAR;NEO I E STEEL COMPANY

UPSET SCREW ENDS FOR SQUARE BARS

....... ,tlc .. " •• ,,,0 .. CO Il '''''T 'T .. ,." .. a o

Thre&d: Shape and Pitch. U . S. Standard.

8 .\1( UPSET

Diamet.tt l
I~

,. 0.5~ Ull 'J< , 23.2

0.166 2.00 . Iii • • 16.2
" 1.000 3.40 Hi • •3,. l.283 1.294 29.4
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4.30
6.31
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2.641
3.063
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10.41
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2.086
2.175
3.419
3.716
29.5
21.3
2~ 2,425 4.619 31.4
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2 4 .000 13.60 2Ji , 2.550 5.IOS 27.7

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5.063
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5.428
6.500
20.2
28.6
2", 5.641 HUB 3H 0,. 3. 100 7.540 33.8

2.J.i 6.2W 21.25 3U ,, ,3), 3.317 8.641 38.3

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9.766 33,20 7 4.028 12.741 30.5
1O,M3 35.1)} 8,. 4 .255 14.221 34.6
1

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 STR,UCTUR,AL DETA I LS

UPSET SCREW ENDS FOR HOUND BARS

T hrud: Shape &nd Pitch. U. S. Standard.

--
m UO'SET

--...
,".
Aru,
l!t..
Wticbl

~.
-..b.
l.:.:b ..
......'.
I.:.:b ..
........
Addit;onal
,. ••
... ... ..
U~.

, """
+10%.
,o.
Root of AIRooi
n...,.
,-

Scl-l.:.:beo
'0,,,
,~
-
"'-.
%
..
..
- - - - - - - - - - - - - --,- ~~
~
~
0.442
0.601
'"'0
'.D<
,
• 5H ].064 0.800
,~
•
24.7
48.0
, •• •••
0.785 2.67 ,~ 1. 168 LOM 3 4.2
,~ 0 .094 3.38 ,~
L'" 1.294 30.'
,~ 1.227
,.
4.17
."
,~

,~
•• •
1.389 1.5]5 23.5

,
,~ 1.485 1.400 1.744 17.5
,~ 1.767
,.
6.01 .~ .~

••
1.71 I 2.300 30.'

,,
,~ 2.074 ." ,~ .~ 1.836 2.&10 27.7
,~ 2..1,0:; 8.18 ,~ 1.961 3.Cr..1I 25.6

,
,~ 2.761 0.39 ,~
• 2.086 3.410 23.8

,~
3.14~
3.547
10.68
12.06
,~
,~
,~
,~
•
3~
2.175
2.300
3.7 16
4 .156
18.3
17.2
.~
'3U"
'U 3.976 13.62 6 2.660 5.108 28.4
,~ 4.430 15.06 3 6 .~ 2.620 5.428 22.6
,~ '.000 16.60 6~ ,~ 2.870
03'
03'""
32.6
,~

,~
5.412 18.40
5.!l40 20.10
3~
3~
,,
6~ .~
,~
2.870
3.100 7.540
20.3
27.1
2~
3
6.4112 22.07
7.0011 24.03
3U
,~ , ,
6 3.317
3.31 7
8.641
8.641
33.1
22.2
3~
3U
7.670 26.08
•• ,~
,~ ,
6 3.567 ,.= 30.3
8.'" 28.2 1 3.Ml7 9.993 20.5
3~ 8.1146 30.42 .~ 8 ,~ 3.798 11.330 26.6
3~ 0.621 32.71 .~ 8 , 3.798 1 1.330 17.8
3~ 10.321 35.00 .~ 8~ ,~ 4.028 12.741 23.4
3~ 11.0015 37.M 'U 8~ 6 4 .255 ]4.221 28.8
3" 11.793 40.10 .~ 8~ ,~ 4 .2511 14.221 20.6

.UpoelI ... opociIJ .

•
'"
 CARNEO I E S TEEL COMPANY
---
EYE BARS

ORDI N A It Y EYE IJAIt A DJ l>STAIlI. E EYE D _"-R

. "".
;:;~:o--- -
, -, _. ..C>'
A ,
Mi _ _ 1"""",1, for N-t.-.llt e'~", ptrfenbly "-(Y'. LdI IhrMd.
ThNSd: Shapfllond l >itch. L·. S. Sta.nd&l"d .
BAR
1
m..__ ' , M..........
H':'~I)
I Addit--.I
BA R
1 .
SCREW i;SD
1 Additional

.
"
PlD M.1Ot1&1 A, t.... Muenalll,
Widlh _ _ _ 0.. _ _ h ••.1 i.. \\'idlh M ... 0.... Ur-I LHclh .... &ad I ••
I D. t (I ,
101 ... 101,. I.. I>'"
~;._
1f.:...:1 .'or .'or ,
0td0.'1it;I1t1
I •. lh":. u, ...... 01.
I. I.. Bat
.'or .'or
I •. "!"..... fiJllf-
I D. b __ _ __ o.tr
IL '.. w"'::: 1 5'. II'111

r
__ __ .% Bar _ _ __ •• ~ 'II(

2 I ~!Hi
. 11)7:."
'5'
11 37.:; O-lOli 0- 71 2
I. Illoi 0-1
1.7lil •• ' 2
I~
I] I~ 30 6 "
366
3 1 " 4}i
,, ~
1- 0 8
I· 07",
0-11 7Ji
2)7 "i " I '"
7
~ I - I ' 0-
3)i 400 I. ,.,!!
10 -
1_ 2 1lJ.i
. ~ -2Ji
:Ii Il ~ 41 2 - 4}i
3$ 1 :;
1- 0 1\
1- 0 II
• 8 4 )7 1_100, 1_ 7 1 11,", 367 _1>_ 1- 0 7~'
-,~ "S 1· .il; 1- 1 • ~, Il~ 3 4.3.5 1- 0 7S
3 IIi "i 8 4 41 7 I . n!; 1• .5 3 h Il~ 41 .6 (, I -I 0
. 0 (, . 2.2li 1-1 0 1 _Il}i :!3.9 ...,:.. J.i _1-_ 1_"

• I ~ H.":? IlaI 37.6 1~"~ "

- l:lg 4 • nHi ~~:8 g~ J:I: ¥a
[; 2
.
',_
I
12
13", 6
('g
, '""::-
1.10), 1- 8
35.0 12_ 6 2
1IJ.i 33~ 3b.7
44 .6 6li6
• ,.~ 2Ji 362 6 - 1_ 0 II
12-
~ 3 12"' 11 6
I· I 11
1-:1
0-11 7
D

1
01 6_ 8 _ _L1.:1 2- 11.5 I 3l( 30:2 6}i 1_ 0 Ie
U
14 5" 2- 1 i- IO 1J.i 3!1 3 4 .2 7 1- 1 8",
6 2 1 14K!lH 3 7.62- 4 2- I Ot 3,_ 38.3 7 I· 20
i ~1 6J.i-!!i _ _ :l. 2 2-. 8 "I 3}i -25.8 ---,- 1- 07",
I 16}i 7 ~:l- 4' 1 :l- 11. I'" 3" 28.0 7 1- 0 ~
7 2 1J.i 17J.i 8 M.72-11 2- 6 I~ 4 33.2 7", i_ I 1I}i
I '" o l liH II a.. 4 2-1 1 _ _ l }fj 4 )·C~I7.3 _ II _ 1- 2 1I}i
I 18 7 - 6}, 2- 3 01 J.i 4 26.0 7J.i 1- 0 11
8 2
-;- ;-I}i 20-
I,.. 10
H i'"2Q
8 37.62- Oh 2- 6 7
9 3- 4 2-_"
IJ.f "U 2?5 $
i*
4'" 32." !Hi 1- 2 {l
7~~2- Sh 2- 6 _ _ ' "J.i _4~~_3s.." _Sa.. 1':.-2_DH
I· I 8",

1 \(22_ 1 9 .Da..41-)3- 1 " : ,, : ~~U~J.i l :?~J.i

l}i 22J.i • ~:~ 2J.i :HO 8 Hi 4 " 29.3 8J.i 1- I 8J.i
I{l \I 1)( \1 1 10J.i 35.0 :J... 9 9 1.2 {l
_

12
_

2 I
'S
I H~.!..lli
1
26J.i 10
28 1 11J.i 3 7.6 4
1 *2D}i 13
1
11
_ Oji 1_ :11 0_
1I~, 1- 2 II
91i i- 1 8
ni}- 1- 1 8
IH 31~I \l f--- . 1, 1- 1 7';
14 2 1J.i t33 14 a5.7 ~ I~" 8 1: I

j
_ _ I H 034 11) _~.__ 10;; I . 1 11- 1-
16 2 I" 36 14 37.6 4 100. i - i II
, 1 ti~ 1U 344" 1 111- 1 8
·H.... '~_'.I t33". 14". I" lIIIdo" .,odd 4 ~~ fo. "'.tena1.4.:r'fOl""Ihl.
f'lD &01. to ~ ded uoWJd 1m_ma" .. "e"hl of f.) e II ....

'"
_______'CTC.
CU~CTURAL DETAC
'LC'C -______________- .

LOOP RODS ,\NO STU} EXDS

• ~;; (- I
.' " __ I

!
.:ii p~ 5.89 r ~

'"
 CA~NEQ I E STEEL COCM
CP
CC.C
NCV________

CLEVISES
,UII:IUC.+." BIUI>(III: CO>t • .+.ST aT ... >!I> .... 1>

~~l)Jl*,
~ n_,:, __ " • ••..
: :

Gtip_tbick_ 01 plate + W' but m... t not ..rftd d, ....... oa, <.

.!I,!' Upoet
~! M'II.. Mh, Mia, ' M ...
T hread: Shape and Pitch, U. S. St andard.

o.
H""
I
, , , • ,
, ..,
Ifl Nul
~,

..
G:z; ----,

, ,'U , ,• , " 'U ' "--•

...:J~!~ Il I'
d
--- --- --- --- • d

3 I 1", I l )i ~ ,~ ,~

'" • 'U ,%•• •

lJi 1~ 1"' 12 ,• ~
'U , '"
H~

..
,~
4
5 1 J.i 2.\-i IJ.i 2J.<l
,• "" '" , •
, ,~

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6
7
-----
2
2K 3
2" 2 3
2li 3.\-i
" '"- - '"
.~

• '" ,~

CLEVIS NUWI:lr.R8 P'O~ VARIOUS RODS AND PINS

Rod. I Pin.

, L...!.. •
,~
'"
'"
4

• ,• ,• : I ~ ~
4 I 4
4
4

'"'" '" '"'U ,, ,, , , , 5 .5 {;

IK lJi

'" .. ,
2", , , :+16 6 5 ~ !
,,
6 6

'"
'" l.\-i 2X
.5
::~LH6~;
,'" I"
1M
2~
2J.<l 666667
,,,
,~ 666611
, ,], , , 7

,'" '"'"
,'" 7
7 ,7
7
7
7
7
7
'"
,,.
 STRUCTURAL OETA I LS

TURNBUCKLES AND SLEEVE NUTS

AMERICAN BRIDGE COWp .. N r IIT .. ND .... D

.....
1'"

' I
:li
,
2\~
1
I\~ 2,,_
27,,1

I,. alii.
I' l 2-,
1'. 3'1\.,1
J6~ :W. 1
I", :m,
3'~ 1

,,.,
I'. I

,"...
2' ,~

'"
2ll
21.

'"
r
CA R NIOO I E STEEL COMPA N Y

ltECE.~SEO PIN NUTS AND COTTER PI XS

.... "RIc ..... IIRID"," OO .. FA"'Y IITAH O .. RD
Dlmen~iola In i ndies

,,
..
""
"'"
:J2

"

~:
~I "..., , , -----
Cott..
,
Colter
---
I "-- , ~,- --"-
,' K - - "
--
,,•
~
I ~~ , ~ K
l~ ,
', K
~
Pi
,'" 'U , K

~ ~ ,"~ 1 a ~a
2 ~.

i~
• , .~

'"
 DECIMAL TABLE

DECI ~ I AL OF AN INCH AND OF A FOOT

........
"
........••......
I ... or root

...'.
- .. ["'''
......''"'"" .
..."
... """ :."1,~
.7M2
.01 06
. 2M2
.,"'" . 5 106 ,"'"
.
'I' •
. 015625 26M25
~. .1> 16625 .165625
,..
,. ......•• ... .,....
Yo . 2708 I .5:lO8 .7708

..0:1125 •• .2760 I .5260

,
. 7760

'"" I'" I
.2S 125 , ~ ••. 63121> .78 125
'" . 0065 .2SM 31h .6365 ~,.
.0417 . 2'9 17
3\-1. 1.
54 17

... [
.7917 II'!"
.
...
'11.. .200875 3'M. • .".. . 546875 ~. ~~ .196875
,~
~
'"
.046875
.M2 1 .Wl i 3'110 .M21 .SO"l t

••
.M73
.0625
"'"', •• ,3073
.3 125
3'~.
3%
.M 73
I'll. •.
6625
(I'~.
6% ' M. _ .S125
. 11073 9'~ •

"',
'

.--
.0677 .:U77 3'r. .5671 6'ii_l .8 177 9''M.I
... .0720
,078125
,"'''''.'~
.:1229 3~ '
.32S 121i 3''1-\.

... "...
.5729
""l'-
.578 125
6'll>

~'iir"
.S229
.il28125
.8333
11%
9'~ •

......."••••• ....'" "'1""1

.DS33 .:m33 .. .1t!S33
'
~I' .oo:m;
......
I

'" ""
\'!. •:J:l.M
.3.371>
.M185
.59315
.",.
.8385
.M375
.",. 10l'
IOVi.

., . ..... '....... ~~ '

. 3.90
..1 062

........'.
I ~~ .3M2 .60012 .SM2 10~"

"- . 109375 . 359375 .60D375 7ii. !"II.. . 859375

'1Y, •
...." " .,...,.., ,.. ....... ,,..... '
. 11.(1 .3646 .aHa . IItHG

'. " .,.,. •••

.1198 . 3608 • Th .allm 10'11 •
Tf. .8750
"
. 12~
. 1:102
. 37~
•:lSO'.l ..
.6200 'I' .SSO"~ '" I'
. 13M
"~
'"
. 1.0025 1' 11> • ..,..[.390025
,... .S9()(I25 10H'i •

,. ,
. I.M\ I~ .3958 .11958

... . 1.510
. 15625
I ',,"

, . . .• 010
T, '~.I ..115
.9010
.90625
10''11. •

,
...
. 1615
11''1-\. OO25 9115 10'.",.
• :6667 .9161

...
.1667

,,, '" "

'\00 .. 17 187& 2~_
1771
.1823
2W>
~. . ~ .• 21875 5~. r~ .671 875
••
323
5~io
~.
."
.(177 1
.6823
'"
.92IS15
.9".1;1
.9:123
11'~
II \.
•
•
••
..
. 1876
.1927
. 1919
t~ • . •
'"
.••••••'" ...
.. 27
5~
5¥1.
5%

... ".
,~\' .6875

",- .6927
.11970
8~
lll'
fii.
.9315
.9-121
.9-179
IH~
•

.
,~ .203 125
.20S3
.2135
.21875
.2UO ~
••
''' ...." '"
,.
2'Yi.
.",

.",
.•
'"
~ 1 25

""
""
'I'

g;r
~T
51,i.
."
~

".
.700121>
.,"'"
. 7135
.71876
.72.0
,"" ~. ~
.953 125
..9583
..."
.96875
.9..0
II'i •
II

,, ~
\~

"11II ~'''1, •
. . •!II''(''-""• .,"'"
.2"l92 . .9792
.23<1375 2''11.. "I'. .4 34376
.2300
•2•• S lI"!'
2'0/1..
.4 8,.
.4 6'ii •
.73-1376
.7;l00
.7••8 :11"[",, ........'"
8'0/1.
.9&6371>
11'1.

'"••
• .'000 :I 1 ",.5000
,.,
9 " 0000
"
 C A R NE OI E STE E l. CO M PAN Y

SUBJECT INDEX

St ruct ural Sectlonl, Pl'OIIIH, Dim~nll .."" and. Weia ht.

l)<Jam". 4- 10
U-Beams .
Car sm Scetlona.
Cbannel •. Structural. 13- 16
""
Silip and Car Building. 17- 22
Angles. Equal and Unoqual. 23- 30
TOOII. Equal and Unequal. :~ I - 33
ZOOt'!.
Steel Shoot P lling and Car Cen",r sm seclioll~. ,.
34- 35

Checkeroo I'lau~.
PIa l"", Ta bl .. .. r E ~lre ", .. Si,,,,,
Shearod Plates.
"
Universal Mill Plat......
Flat Hu StHI. Sit""
Squaro and nand t:dge t 'talS.
&I erc:han t n .... Sileo
Sk~II) . ..
Square>!. Uoundll. H aIr ROWl "~. Ile.ugon8.
. Conutle R .,lnlo."emenl n arB "
Cold Twlstod Squa.t"C1I. Cup n,.,.,.
Kec l.naulu, SQuare and Roo nd. $.eeli"n.
Tables or WeIghts and Areas .. 44- 51
Ra il • • S.,I;" .. Ba r. a nd. Turk A.c._rleo
Ta.blefJ of nail. and ACCOIIIIOrles .. 52- 53
A. S. C. E. Sections. DlmensJOllll. M -M

A. R. A.
Drilling and Punching .
Element>!.
Dlmenslonll and Elements 5S- 59
""
A. R. E. A. D lmeo!IOn! and Elemenl.ll.
Mlsoel!anooUll Dlm<>nsionll and Elements . 00- "63
62-
Cross Tie Sections. D imensions and E lements. 64- 66
RallClipll
Elemenb 01 S"" l lon.
Dimensions.
"
aeneral Notation In Formulall .. ..
Elementary and Com l)llund Sections. "
69- 7J

..
Beams. Struemral. and lI_Beamll . 72- 74
Channels. Structural. Ship and Car Build ing .. 75- 77
AngIOll . •;qual and Unequal. '8- '"
T _ . Equal and Unequal.
Zooo.
StQel Shoot Piling.
Itall •. Splice Bars. CrOSII Tleo.
"
74
57- 66
M o menta Of Inertia or Rectangl(ll!. . ... 86- 87
RadII o r Gyration-Two Angl(ll! Back to nack. 88- 90
.."
St reaeeo In Bu m.
" -lIollow Round SectlonB.

92_ 95
"
Ex planatory NOtoS ....
Flexure FO!;lTlulas. 96- 99
Hu m S.t. IA. d.
Explanatory ~otes. 100-105
Bendlnr Mom enfl a nd Wtb R ..iot.nce.
Structural B06m! and Channels. ~'lber St!"Cll8 18000 . . . ... 106-108
•• .. 16000 .• . . ...... 124-126
 INDex

8101........ TablH
&&1"" ud Cha nnt'" Floor St..- 18000 . • ... 109-118

1I .l)(Iarwo and Cross Tiel '''''''. 127-134

An~IOI. E<!!lal ~d Un~ual

'8000.
'0000.
' 8000.
'"
'"
118- 12Z
'''''''. 138- 140
Tool. ~!1al a~~d Un~ual '8000.
'"
,- '''''''
' 8000.
'0000.
'"
'"
Ptat, and Anrla Glrde.. '"
~;tpla.natory NotOli. HZ- U7
Grill ..... Fund.tlona
t:xplanatory .... o tes. 148- I6Z
Streng th of Steel !llahe.
ColuM"" and Sin'.
Elplanatory N o tOli .
'"
1:\4 - IM
ComPf'('lMlon Fonnulu for Steel Column.
Rlr.ta and ptn.
Explanatory Notes .
'"
nh·oU. Sboorlng and Uearlns Value.
I'lnl, nearing Values and !)(lndlng Mon.ent.tl .•.
'"
IS8- I G9
100-1 6 1
I'I.... r Ream.
~:xj)lanatory Notes. 16Z
B uck hl Plates. DImensIon, . .
Cor ru.a,ed Sh"ta '"
t:XJllanatory Note/!.
Corrugalod ShOOts. Dimenslono .. '"
'"
StHI MII_Blad, and Gal ..nln<l
Slandard. !:!XI.... Strons. Double Exlr. S tf"Ollll:. Large O. D . 166-167
St.,.ciu .. 1 Ddalll
Ilc&rlng l'lattll .•. .•.. 188- 1811
1J.um Connll(:tlOnl ... . 11'o-nl
n,,'ot' and noll_ l;nl ~ IJearlll8 and Shearing SI~ . 1;1
S~dard 0I0&(Il for Boana and Channohl. .. 172-1."
Bea.m SoPlU'atonl. 17[,
Tie ItOOI and Anchon. . ....... . ,.6
Rlve~DlmeIl810nl.. . ... . 177

..'"
Conventional Signs 101' IUvoLlng .. . 177
RIvet SJlaelng and Clearance.. ..
Reduction of Area. tor Itll'et 11 0m..
Length of F ield Ulvet.tl .... . .
n,
. .. . ... 177- 17 8
,
Weight of Dutton Head RlvaU .. ... . .... .
J.l.oiu-8tandard Scrt! .. Thread
Bolt Head. and Nuts. DlmeOlllonl..
Weights of Boltl!. Squaro and ]Iexagon •...
'"
. 182-1 83
. .. . . . ..... 184- 18lI
U.,.,t Sere.. End •• Square &lid Round B..... 188- 18 7
Eye lJan. Ordinary and AdJllItable.
'"
..,".
..
Loop Roda and Stub Enda. . •
C\el't- ............. . , 00

,,.,
Turnhuekle. and Sleeve Nuts.
HeoeeIed PIn NUill and Coue!' rlOll
Oerll". I•• f an Inch and of a Foot

'"
,.
·,

AMERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY

GENERAL OFFICES:
Ne... Yorl. N. Y., Empire Building. n Broadway

OONTRACTING OFFICES:

EASTERN DMSlON
""~"' Empire Building, 71 Brooowa)'
WiJcDer Building, Juniper and Chelltllut SUI.
Street
Continentlll Building, Calvert aDd Baltimore Ste.

CENTIlAL DIVISION
Pltttbal'ah' P •••. Frltk Duildia.p:, 440 Fifth Avenuo
Cbldanatl. 0:. lrnion 'l'rust Building, SO.EMt 4th Street
Clcvel,aad.O., lWebfe)ler Buildinl. 614 Superior Avenue, West..
Detroit. MI• • Bubl DuUdin" 636 Griswold Stree&·

'WESI&kN DIVI8Jt)N
9deaIo. m., 2M South La Salle StrNlt. .
at. LoaiIJ. M.. , Liber\y Ceatral Trust DuildiDr;, 606 Olivu SUeet
On"', CoL. Firet ~ationo.l Bank Building, 820 11th Blteet
Salt Uke CUr. Utalt,. Walker Baide. Buildinc. 17li So. Main 8UMt.
Dalatla. MI..... WolviD BuildiT\tl. 229-31 Wee' First BLreet
Mln.apou.. Ilitm... 829 Second Street, B. E.

PACIFIC co,\sr REPJI.E8EXTATlVES:

't'NIT.t:l) STATitS STKKL PRoOCCT8 CO .• l'ACQ.lO COAST DEPT.
San Frandtco, Cal., Ui6ltO Building, 116 New lilontgomery S&,
Portland, Ore., Sellin" BuildinlC. 322 Alder Street
Seattle. Wuh.. 4th A'·e., South cor. Connecticut Street.
Loa Angeles. Cal., ro87 B. Slauson Avenuo

EXPORT nEPRESENTATIVB8:
UNlTED STATER ST.ln:L PUODUOTS COUPANY·
N." YOI'k, N. Y., ltu<J~oIrTcrlO.il).;)I, 30 Churcl1 Stroot. •