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Areas
Areas of some well-known figures are given below:
Perimeter in Do You Know?
S. Area in
Name Figure units of
No square units
length Square:
Diagonal = a 2
b Rectangle:
1. Rectangle 2(a + b) ab
a Diagonal = a 2 + b2
a = length
Parallelogram:
b = breadth
The diagonals bisec
b
right angles
h b
1 2 1
a2 = ( d1) + ( d2)2
Parallelogra a 2 2
3. 2(a + b) ah
m a = side
b = side adjacent to a
h = distance between
the opp. parallel sides
a
d1 Quadrilateral
a 1 T
d2 a d1d2 Parallelogram r
2 a
Rhombus a p
4a Rectangle e
4. a = side of rhombus; z
d1,d2 are the two i
Square u
diagonals m
D C
h1
h2
A B
1
5 Quadrilateral Sum of its (AC) (h1 +
AC is one of its 2
four sides
diagonals and h1, h2 h2)
are the altitudes on
AC from D, B
respectively.
b
1
Trapezium Sum of its four h(a + b)
a 2
sides
6. a, b, are parallel sides
and h is the distance
between parallel sides
a c
h
1
b
b×h
a + b + c = 2s 2
7. Triangle b is the base and h is where s is the or
the altitude. semi perimeter. s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
a, b, c are three sides
of ∆.
d
h
Right
8. b+h+d 1
triangle b bh
d(hypotenuse) 2
= b 2 + h2
a a
h
1
(i) ah
Equilateral a 2
9. 3a
triangle 3 2
a = side (ii) a
4
3
h = altitude = a
2
a a
Isosceles c 4a 2 − c 2
10. 2a + c
triangle c 4
c = unequal side
a = equal side
d
a
a
d(hypotenuse) 1 2
11. 2a + d a
Isosceles =a 2 2
right triangle a = Each of equal
sides.
The angles are 90o,
45o, 45o.
r
•
13. Semicircle •
r r 1 2
πr + 2r πr
r = radius of the circle 2
R
Ring r •
14. (shaded …. π (R2 – r2)
region)
R = outer radius
r = inner radius
r θo r
l + 2r
Sector of a l where l = θ
15. × πr2
circle θo = central angle of θ 360
×2πr
the sector 360
r = radius of the
sector l = length of
the arc
(3) r (4) r
4 4
(5) None of these
1 3 3 2 3 3 2
Sol. Area of the semi-hexagonal patch = × r = r
2 2 4
r
Area of the semi-square patch = 2r× = r2
2
3 3 2
Area of shaded region = πr2 – r2 – r
4
( 4π − 4 − 3 3 ) 2
= r. Answer: (1)
4
Volume MENION
a a = length of
2 2 3
4a 6a a edge
2. Cube a
a
2 (area of one
(perimeter of
Right end) + lateral Area of
3. base) ×
prism surface area base ×
Height
height
r
r = radius of
Right h base
4. circular 2πrh 2πr(r + h) πr2h h = height of
cylinder r the cylinder
1 1
(Perimeter Area of the (Area of
2 3
5. of the base) × base + lateral
Right base) ×
(slant height) surface area
pyramid height
h l h = height
1 2
6. Right πr(l + r) πr h r = radius
r
πr l 3 l = slant height
circular
cone
Lateral/
S. Nature of Shape of the Total surface
curved Volume Abbreviations
No the solid solid area
surface area Used
r = radius
r
• 4 3
7. –– 4πr2 πr
3
Sphere
r = radius
r
⎛2 3⎞
8. 2πr2 3πr2 ⎜ πr ⎟
Hemi- ⎝3 ⎠
sphere
R
R = outer radius
r r = inner radius
4
9. –– 2
4π (R –r )
2
π(R3–r3)
Spherical 3
shell
R = larger radius
R r = smaller
Volume of πh 2 2
10. h (R + r + Rr) radius
bucket 3
h = height
r
Length of a diagonal:
The length of diagonal of a cuboid = l2 + b 2
+ h 2
Ex.1 An insect is crawling to climb a 20 metre long pipe of diameter 3.5 metres. If the insect take 4
circular rounds to reach the top of the building, then what will be total distance (in nearer
metres) traveled by insect to reach the top?
(1) 47 m (2) 48 m (3) 49 m (4) 50 m
Sol. Since the insect is moving in circular way, so it will cover the distance which will be 4 times the distance
of the longest side AB of a right angled triangle. In the figure AO is equal to the circumference of the
pipe.
5
22
AO = πd = x3.5 = 11 m
7
5
BO = 5 m