Chapter 1

Introduction
Chapter 1

es g in general
Design ge e a
• Design is essentially a decision making process.
• For every problem we need to design a solution.
• Design is to form
formulate
late a plan to satisfy
satisf partic
particular
lar need and to create.
create
something with physical reality.

Basici concept off design

d i
¾ Decision making – Every stage of design
¾ Consideration of different factors
¾ To draw certain conclusion for optimal design
¾ Market survey to read peoples mind

Bad decision leads bad

design & a bad product
Chapter 1

What is Machine design?

1. Designers uses principles of basic and engineering science. Newton’s law ,

carnot cycle etc.
2. Technical information of basic elements like chains , springs shafts
3
3. D i
Designer uses skills
kill to
t combine
bi this
thi basic
b i elements
l t
4. Outcome is a description of a machine
5
5. A design is to satisfy the customer
Chapter 1

Fig. 1.1 The Design Process

Chapter 1

• Product specification: Complete list of requirement of product.

product Ex
Ex.
Output capacity of machine, cost.
• Selection of mechanism
• Layout of configuration: block diagram showing general layout. What
are all the pparts how theyy are connected.
• Design of individual component:
Determine forces acting
Select proper material
Determine mode of failure
Determine dimension
• Preparation of drawing: Prepare drawing for assembly and individual
component.
Chapter 1
Objective of the course

Modification / transformation of
energy

Machine Element

Machine design involves primarily designing machine

elements so that they may transmit the forces and perform
their task successfully.
Chapter 1 Basic requirement of machine element
Strength : Machine part should not fail under the effect of the forces that act up on it.

Rigidity : Machine components should be rigid that is it should not deflect (or) bend too much
due to the forces or moments that act up on it.

Wear resistance :Wear is the main reason that pputs the machine parts
p out of order. It reduces the
useful life of the component.

Minimum dimensions and weights : Machine part should be sufficiently strong rigid wear
resistance
it andd att the
th same time
ti with
ith minimum
i i possible
ibl dimensions
di i andd weights
i ht

Manufacturability: The shape and material of the machine part should be selected in such a way
that it can be produced with minimum labor cost.
Safety :The shape and dimensions of machine parts should ensure safety to the operator of
machine.
Conformance to standards : A machine part should confirm to the national standards covering
its profile dimensions grade and material.
Reliability: It is the probability that a machine part will perform its intended function. Over a
specified period of time that is it should perform its function over its life time.

Maintainability : It is the ease with which a machine part can be serviced or repaired.
Chapter 1

Fig 1
Fig. 1.2
2 Basic
B i P Procedure
d off D
Design
i off M
Machine
hi Element
El t
Chapter 1

Step 55:
S
Determination of dimension
Stress= Force/ Area

Ex. Tension rod subjected to force 5 80 = 5x103/ (Л d2/4)

KN. The rod is made of plain carbon d = 8.92 mm
steel and permissible tensile stress is
80 N/mm2

Fig. 1.3 Tension Rod

Chapter 1

Different aspects of Design

• Different Traditional Design methods:

Design by craft evolution and Design by drawing

• Use of standards in design:

Chapter 1 Selection of preferred sizes
• In engineering design, many times designer has to specify the size of the product.
• A company may produce d diff
different models
d l off motors ranging
i from
f 0.5
0 5 to 50 kW.
kW
Preferred no. are used to specify the size of the product.
• There are five basic series denoted as R5, R10 R20, R40 and R80. Each series has
its own series factor
factor.
Chapter 1
Derived series designation
Chapter 1
Aesthetic and ergonomic considerations in design

Fig 1
Fig. 1.6
6 Man-Machine
M M hi Closed-Loop
Cl dL S
System
t
Chapter 1

Concurrent engineering

Fig 1
Fig. 1.8
8 Sequential
S ti l Design
D i Process
P
Chapter 1

Fig 1
Fig. 1.9
9 Simultaneous
Si lt D
Design
i Process
P