1 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

BACKGROUND

Transport policy at the National and Regional level seeks to achieve greater integration
between modes of transport and between transport and land use planning.
A principal AIM is to produce an efficient, managed, transport system that makes a strong
contribution to principles of sustainable development.
India informed and facilitated the adoption of India’s first National Urban Transport Policy
by collaborating directly with the Indian Ministry of Urban Development and by bringing
together experts and government officials from around the world.

The linking of this funding with the rules and regulations enlisted under the National Urban
Transport Policy has resulted in a demand to design, plan and implement sustainable
transport solutions and non motorized modes by state and local governments.

Role of Transport policy

The development of a set of constructs and propositions that are established to achieve
particular objectives relating to social, economic and environmental development, and the
functioning and performance of the transport system.
The mobility of people rather than vehicles. The policy sets the guidelines for cities that want to
receive under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

(note: propositions- The act of making a proposal)

POLICY

Policy is needed on the approach to dealing with the rapidly growing problem as also offer a
clear direction and a framework for future action.
“Policies are developed in response to the existence of a perceived problem or an
opportunity; they never exist in a vacuum.” By Dr. Brian Slack

Why transport policy?

Transport policies arise because of the extreme importance of transport in virtually every
aspect of national life. Transport is taken by governments of all types, from those that are
intervention list to the most liberal, as a vital factor in economic development. Public
policies reflect the interests of decision makers and their approaches to solving transport
problems.

VISION
“• To recognize that people occupy centre-stage in our cities and all plans would be for
their common benefit and well being
• To make our cities the most liveable in the world and enable them to become the “engines
of economic growth” that power India’s development in the 21st century

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

2 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

• To allow our cities to evolve into an urban form that is best suited for the unique
geography of their locations and is best placed to support the main social and economic
activities that take place in the city.”

National urban transport policy vision makes us understand the

importance of people of in an democratic country were they have been
neglected from long time and the modes, “vehicles “are given more
importance and all future growth plan satisfied the need for the modes
rather than individual who uses it
What is the key factors affects the liveability of the city and how does
liveability relates to sustainability?
Liveability relate to sustainability. Liveability is defined as “quality
of life” as experienced by the residents within a city or region, To avoid obscuring the
tensions that exist in achieving diverse goals while striving for liveability planning for the
region.
Liveability refers to an urban system that contributes to the physical, social and mental well
being and personal development of all its inhabitants. It is about delightful and desirable
urban spaces that offer and reflect cultural and sacred enrichment.
Key principles that give substance to this theme are equity, dignity, accessibility,
conviviality, participation and empowerment.

What is urban form?

Elements of the urban transport system - modes, infrastructures and users - have a spatial
imprint which shapes the urban form. Considering that each city has different socio-
economic and geographical characteristics, the spatial imprint of transportation varies
accordingly. For instance, while North American cities tend to have an urban form that has
been shaped by the automobile, cities in other parts of the world, because of different modal
preferences and infrastructure developments, have different urban forms. The urban
transport system is also composed of spatial interactions reflecting its spatial structure.

OBJECTIVES
“Safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, reliable and sustainable access for the growing
number of city residents to jobs, education, recreation and other needs
Incorporating urban transportation as an important parameter at the urban planning
stage rather than being a consequential requirement
Encouraging integrated land use and transport planning in all cities so that travel
distances are minimized and access to livelihoods, education, and other social needs,
especially for the marginal segments of the urban population is improved
Improving access of business to markets and the various factors of production
Bringing about a more equitable allocation of road space with people, rather than
vehicles, as its main focus

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

3 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

Encourage greater use of public transport and non motorized modes by offering Central
financial assistance for this purpose
Enabling the establishment of quality focused multi-modal public transport systems that
are well integrated, providing seamless travel across modes
Objectives are been covered with many issues which are been neglected by people with
regards to their need the travels is been easier to the people who can afford the cost and
luxury of good road and vehicles.
Building capacity (institutional and manpower) to plan for sustainable urban transport
and establishing knowledge management system that would service the needs of all urban
transport professionals, such as planners, researchers, teachers, students ,etc
Promoting the use of cleaner technologies
Raising finances, through innovative mechanisms that tap land as a resource, for
investments in urban transport infrastructure
Associating the private sector in activities where their strengths can be beneficially
tapped
Taking up pilot projects that demonstrate the potential of possible best practices in
sustainable urban transport.”

Due to escalating vehicle population in city it is difficult for the pedestrians as well as
cyclist to move in coming years. This issues can be moved out by creating the fundamental
objectives ---to have an urban transportation as an important mode during the planning stage
of any cites with relation of the land use and master plan of the city and with co-ordination
to the geographical location rather than being one of the requirement to develop a city. The
objectives cover the points excluding the pedestrian movement.
Providing safety on road is an important objective of the policy. However there is no
mention of reducing speeds of the private motor vehicles as speed is an important factor for
causing accidents.
Moreover there is no mention about the cycle-rickshaws (passenger and goods) and
the handcarts which are an important component of the NMTs in most of our cities.
Improving the accessibility and connectivity form outer parts of city to the central business
place of the city to increase the finance and economy of the city by business with smooth
connectivity.

Integrating land use and transport planning

Integrating land use with transport planning will minimize the distance for number of
resident and to their jobs, education, recreations and other needs, which will make it
affordable, easy and quick to the marginal part of the society with efficient and reliable
public transport. Policy speaks about integrating master plan needs to internalize the features
of sustainable transport systems.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

4 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

It should enable a city to take urban form that best suits the geographical constraints of its
location and also the key social and economical activities were government will promote it.
And focus on the need of transport planner in management. As per policy

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

The policy makes no attempt to propose how and under what authority the NUTP might be
reconciled with the Master Plans being drawn up by a number of cities, and equally
importantly, with the government's industrial promotion policy, which identifies automobiles
as a cutting-edge industry in India's overall growth.
Policy does not focus on mixed land use on major corridors along with population density as
many Indian cities are more with mix land use form and willing to grow according to it to
have an efficient transport with fewer trips.
It enable city to take urban for in context to geographical location but no role for the pattern
and completeness of the city which enables the city to grow in its form, direction and with
well complete network for a better connectivity.
There is an absence in the floor space index-in master plan for the intense growth along
develop corridor to establish public transport and to select the develop corridors for a better
and multi-model transport.

Equitable allocation of road space

Present road spaces are allocated to vehicle which occupies the road first, so the main
priority on road is gain by vehicles rather than people. In comparison to the carrying
capacity of the cars and bus its-cars 4 people and bus 40 people. Where a bus is allocated 2
and half times of the road space and the maximum space is occupied by the cars which carry
2-4 people.
It this scenario the lower income group people are left to pay high travel cost and travel time
with less efficient transport and alternatives remaining with less factor of safety.
If the focus of the road is to be people rather than vehicle then much more space is to be
allocated to public transport with reserve lanes and corridors exclusively for public transport
and non-motorized modes of travel and some lanes reserved for high occupancy vehicles.
Measures- enforcement for using the dedicated lane accordingly, by introducing provisions
in motor vehicle act and with some stringent penalties

UNDERSTAND AND CRITIC

Keeping the essence of the form of public places where the majority of roads are publicly
owned and free access. Increased traffic has adverse impacts on public activities which once
crowded the streets such as markets, parades and processions, games, and community
interactions.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

5 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

Encourage people to use public transport and non -motorise vehicle. From a transportation
perspective, the potential benefits of a better integration between transit and local land uses
are reduced trip frequency and increased use of alternative modes of travel (i.e. walking,
cycling and transit).
Ban on the vehicles in the public and recreational places so as to reduce the amount of
traffic and for safety of the people.
Ideas of moving public transport and areas for pedestrian plazas in public spaces and in the
central business area.

Priority to the use of public transport

Public transport is a more sustainable form of transport.

Measures- government will invest in public transport as a measure.
Central government would encourage all state capitals as well other cities with population
more than 1 million to start planning for high capacity public transport systems.
Look over technology around world including waterways-up to 30yrs
CMP should include the trunk and feeder corridors along the city as well as a good
integration with personal modes, suburban traffic, etc. High cost trunk route system should
have hub-spoke arrangement integrated with feeder system
Investments-
50% cost of preparing COMPREHENSIVE CITY TRANSPORT PLANS
Equity participation and funding gap to the extent of 20% of capital cost of public transport
50%of cost of project development and through public private partnership
Some allied issues that need to be addressed in this context are:

Quality and pricing of Public Transport

Fares for public transport have been set on the premise that this modes are been used by
poor ,as such fares are kept low as a measure of social equity which had made many public
transport to recover their operating cost.
it helps reduce congestion and air pollution if vehicle user are persuade to shift to public
transport by improving quality and not by low fares. so have to think about different types of
public transport systems for different segments of commuters those who pace a premium on
cost are the poorest section of society and need to give affordable prices
Measures--- government will encourage the provision of different levels of services –a basic
service, with subsidized fares and a premium service, which is of high quality but charges
higher fares and involves subsidy.
Fund from NURM for premium service infrastructure such as improved bus stops and
terminals, passenger information system, intelligent transport systems, restructuring of state
transport corporations
Ensure fair charges are fair and reasonable. State government to inter-alia regulate the prices
to be charged by different types of public transport.

Technologies for Public Transport

High capacity and high cost technologies.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010
6 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

Systems like underground metro, low capacity bus systems moving on shared right of way,
elevated sky bus and monorail, electric trolley buses etc.
These systems are most effective over high density corridors and others as feeder systems
which serve limited sub-areas within a city.
Ropeways waterways etc are been use in parts of India.
Factors such as urban forms, terrain, availability of waterways, level of demand, direction
and extent of sprawl, projections for future growth, extent of population density etc are
major technology that should be chosen.
Particular technology is not possible to prescribe in a generic policy and such choice will
have to be made as a part of a city specific land use and transport plans.
It would depend on the kind of city that would need to evolve at the particular location.
Government would encourage all proven technologies and not promote any specific
technology.
It would create a knowledge centre that would provide the
Necessary information required for taking the right technological decisions for a specific
city.

Integrated public transport systems

A good public transport system is one that is perceived by the user as a single system and
allows seamless (smooth) travel between one made and the other as also between systems
managed by different operators.
These smooth interchanges are possible if interchange infrastructure is available and users
are able to use a single ticket over such systems.
Central government’s financial support would be contingent on appropriate
authorities/entities being set up to ensure that a coordinated and integrated
Public transport system becomes available.

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

Sustainability, in a broad sense, is the capacity to endure.
Sustainable - Something that can endure or is able to be maintained for long periods of time.
Sustainable - The ability to continue/maintain into the future.
It’s more about accessibility and mobility, than about 'transportation'
Sustainable transportation concerns systems, policies, and technologies. The design of
vehicle-free city planning, along with pedestrian and bicycle friendly design of
neighbourhoods is a critical aspect for grassroots activities, as are telework and
teleconferencing.
Mobility is fundamental to economic and social activities, including commuting,
manufacturing, or supplying energy. Each movement has an origin, a potential set of
intermediate locations, a destination, and a nature which is linked with geographical
attributes. Transport systems composed of infrastructures, modes and terminals are so

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

7 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

embedded in the socio-economic life of individuals, institutions and corporations that they
are often invisible to the consumer
(source- article of Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Claude Comtois)
Public transport occupies less road space which causes less pollution per passenger –km
which is true with the relation with vehicles
Policy talks about a sustainable public transport but the content lack about different
transport and its integration.
It talks about organised transport in the city. But the important issues are been describe in
less manner as compared to the issues in a city due to the lack of public transport
The other three point mention in the policy like --- pricing of public transport and
technologies for public transport refers to the spectrum of the high cost and high capacity
and systems like metro and low capacity bus systems running on shared right of ways, sky
bus and monorail, electric ,trolley buses which are effective over high density corridors. If
policy consider public transport for more than 1 million then this are the types of modes of
public transport which could be included which have a difference in technology.

Rather intelligent transport system, passenger information system, global positioning

system, signals synchronization, integrated ticketing system could be a objective of the
mentioned point under technologies. By referring to its importance and need to have an
efficient transport.

Integrated transport systems could have mention the integration of technologies ,the
different factors as such urban forms, terrain, availability of waterways, level of demand,
direction and extent of sprawl, projections for future growth, extent of population density
with each other and with reference to the case-studies as they have mention examples. And
integration of existing transport system

The relative characteristics of available public transport technologies as mention refers to

the points in brief rather than specifying the point in detail according to the transport system
it is referring too.
Public transport policy does not speaks or relates any services and quality in terms to disable
people- handicap people, blind people, people with mental disorder etc.
The investments on part of government with relation to public transport should be a
different supplement to the policy which would refer the detail of the encourage by
government and the involvement to the public private partnership in detail referring to the
fund in the directed locations along with reference to the different modes according in order
of their energy and capital intensity and a premium on public affordability.
The subsidies in government fund don’t refer to handicap group of people and their needs.
Pricing related to the subsidy affairs in different modes which is an important issue been
mentioned.

Financing

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

8 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

23. The Central Government would encourage high capacity public transport systems being
set up through the mechanism of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) and would offer financial
support either in the form of equity or one time viability gap financing, subject to a ceiling
of 20% of the capital cost of the project, after evaluating various parameters such as:

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES---Legal entity created solely to serve a particular function,

such as facilitation of a financial arrangement or creation of a financial instrument. See
also special purpose corporation.
The Viability Gap Funding Scheme provides financial support in the form of grants, one
time or deferred, to infrastructure projects undertaken through public private partnerships
with a view to make them commercially viable.
(Source-finance funding scheme)
Central government would encourage the legal entity which create a high capacity public
transport system and would financially support in form of some loan or grant subjected to
ceiling of 20% of the total project initial cost after evaluating various parameter like....

Extent of resources mobilized by the State government through exploitation of its land
resource
Extent of resources likely from private participation

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

For any public transport project state government ensure to make any land area more
profitable and important that would make it ready to use by its various acts to and would
make it profitable. And this extent of source of wealth would be made by involving private
participation.

Institutional mechanisms set up by the State government to ensure a well

Coordinated public transport system

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

An administrative model would be setup by the government to run and work a coordinated
public transport system with private participation
No mention for a coordinated separated institute for each task which will deal with reference
to the main form of administration which would be guide under state government so that it
would state report to central government.

Willingness to divert funds from projects that add to road capacity towards public transit
systems

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

9 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

If a state undergoes a road project and public transit system project the financial support
would be preferred to public transit systems in favour of public.

Initiatives taken to promote non-motorized transport and improve safe access to public
transport.

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

Some guidelines and schemes should be mention to take initiatives to promote non
motorized transport and improve safe access to public transport. This can be done by
involving private participation too.

Willingness to introduce premium public transport systems that are priced high but offer
better quality with a view to limit the subsidy requirements in normal services

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

Government would encourage to introduce premium public transport service like intelligent
transport system, passenger information system, global positioning system, signal
synchronization, integrated ticketing system which are standard and costly and would grant
subsidy to it rather that limiting its grant to the normal services.
Other infrastructure subsidy are not mention in the parameters which would
form a part of an efficient transport system like parking, landscapes etc.

Willingness to involve the private sector in operations under the overall supervision and
coordination of a public agency.

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

Mention of Single or different private sector should be for different supervision and
coordination is not clear

Willingness to price public transport systems in such a manner as to be financially

sustainable at the operating stage or depend only marginally on public budgets

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

The pricing for public transport should be financial maintain for a long time without a
frequent change or growth at its execution stage and if not it should depend borderline on
the public budgets
The time for financial matter at operation stage is not mention and how many quantities
should be there from public budgets.

“The basic principle in financing such public transport systems would be that the
government should provide the infrastructure but the users (direct and indirect beneficiaries
Within the city) must pay for the operating costs and the rolling stock.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

10 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

25. The Central government’s capital support would take the form of equity participation or
one time viability gap funding and would be subject to a ceiling of 20% of the capital cost of
the project
. Preference will be given to those who are able to demonstrate additional resources for the
project through dedicated taxes and innovative financing methods”

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

The principle for financing for public transport explain that government will provide funds
and grants to infrastructure and the user should pay for the operating cost of that public
transport and for the movement of that PT
The funds would be given by government in form of loan or grants
Over all financing does not mention about the financing for the handicap group. In
infrastructure part also nothing is mention in relation to it
And encouragement for the pedestrian movement and footpaths in cities.
All other issues are been likely covered under finance head.

Role of Para-transit
Para transit is normally expected to fulfil a need that neither public transport or personal
vehicles are able to fulfil. They normally cater to a category of occasional trips such as
trips to airports or rail stations with excessive baggage, or emergency trips that have to be
undertaken immediately and it is not possible to wait for public transport. Para transit
would not normally be used for regular commute trips to work or school. However, when
the quality of public transport deteriorates, Para-transit tends to substitute for public
transport.
Unfortunately, this has started happening in many Indian cities. As such, this policy would
seek to restore Para-transit to its normal role by persuading the improvement of public
transport.

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

Para-transit, or Dial-a-Ride, is an alternative mode of flexible passenger transportation that

does not follow fixed routes or schedules. Typically vans or mini-buses are used to provide
Para-transit service, but also share taxis and jitneys are important providers
( source-web def of para transit)
(need to know more about para transit and its need in policy)

Priority to non-motorized transport

Long trip length had made cycling more difficult as well as increasing urban sprawl and
rising income level.
Increase in vehicular growth has increase in risk in accident of the no-motorized modes.
Non motorized modes are environmental friendly.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

11 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

Segregated right of way for safety concerns of cyclists and pedestrians.

Apart from improving safety, the segregation of vehicles moving at different speeds would
help improve traffic flow, increase the average speed of traffic and reduce emissions
resulting from sub-optimal speeds.
Segregated paths for cycle on arterial as well as on public transport corridors.
Creative facilities like shade giving landscaping, provisions of drinking water and resting
stations along bicycle corridors.
It is seen to design this tracks and area to create a safe path to be used.
Encroachment of footpath too affects pedestrians safety adversely and requires strict
enforcement coupled with public participation also it is affected by lack of safe crossing
facilities and also at busy intersections.
Measures-
Government will give priority to cycle track by national urban renewal mission
The Central government would support the construction of safe pedestrian crossings at busy
intersections and high traffic corridors.

The Central Government would support formulation and implementation of specific “Area
Plans” in congested urban areas that propose appropriate mix of various modes of
transport including exclusive zones for non-motorized transit.
The Central Government would also take up pilot projects, in a sample set of cities, to
demonstrate the improvements that are possible through the enhanced used of cycling

UNDERSTANDING AND CRITIC

Measures are quiet efficiently plotted but implementation is not appropriately described in
terms of the area covered by pedestrians and cyclist.
Only priority is described and sample set pilot projects are not stated.
Landscape and other design factors are well considered to enhance the elevation of roads.
This makes a good feel and comfort to move on that track.
Some road safety measures should be clearly stated in relation to pedestrian and cyclist like
zebra crossing, signalizations, and road calming factors.
There is a good approach for the encourage the public bicycle program were cycles can be
rent in a designed area.
Government does not specify the area plans in urban places which are congested and does
not have non-motorized transit.

PILOT PROJECTS

In order to demonstrate the potential benefits from the policy measures suggested herein, the
Central Government would take up pilot projects in a sample set of cities drawn from
different regions and different city types so that tested models of best practices can be
established for replication in other cities.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

12 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

Parking- understanding
Land is valuable in all urban areas and parking occupies large portions of such land. This
determines the principles for allocation of parking space.
Levy of a high parking fee, that truly represents the value of the land occupied, should be
used to make public transport more attractive.
Preferences for allocation of parking space for public transport vehicles and non-motorized
modes.
Park and ride facilities for bicycle users, with convenient interchange, would be a measure.
Graded scaled parking fee so as to recover the economic cost of the land which is been
used. So as to persuade people to use public transport.
Measures – state governments would require amending the building bye laws in cities so
that residents and user of the buildings would have adequate parking space.
Multi-level parking complexes should be a mandatory requirement in the city centres by
underground, including below areas declared as green belts.
The parking complexes would be encouraged to go for electronic metering so as to make the
investments viable and also better recovery of cost of using valuable urban space in parking.
The proposal for parking complexes would be given priority under JnNURM .
Appropriate legislation to prevent use of right of way on road system for parking purposes

CRITIC
Maximum and minimum parking fees should need to specify in consideration of the areas in
urban limits.

Freight traffic - understanding

As city grows and expand and increase and economic activities generate a substantial
amount of freight traffic.
With limited capacity of the transport system, it is essential that freight traffic and
passenger traffic are so staggered as to make optimum use of the transport infrastructure.
The off –peak hour is time honoured and tested for freight traffic. Further many cities have
by-passes that unable through traffic to go around city and not add to traffic of city some
allow late night hours for movement of freight and restricts the heavy vehicles during night
time.
This are sound practices and would encourage cities for their economic growth too.
So this government would encourage the built of by-passes, through innovative and viable
public – private partnerships with some facilities like parking of freight vehicles outside city
limits and such facilities would be considered by national urban renewal mission.

CRITIC
The freight traffic issue have been discussed in an appropriate manner so as covering the
existing problem and conclusion in that.
The government would project fund for this issue but till what extend and up to what kind of
need is not specified like funds for terminals is specified but for the construction of the

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

13 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

roads would come under which forms not mention and other public private undergoing form
is also not explain

Legal and Administrative Issues- understanding

To structure the transport sector and equipped the urban transport problems.
The central government will recommend the setting of unified transport metropolitan
transport authorities in all cities to facilities more co-ordinated planning and implementation
of urban transport systems.
The Central Government would also encourage the setting up of professional bodies that
have the capacity to make scientific assessment of the demand on various routes and
contract services that can be properly monitored. And over them create main head bodies
that regulate the overall performance of the public transport system and ensure that the city
has a comprehensive public transport system.
They will inter-alien, design networks and routes, assess demand, contract services, monitor
performance, manage common facilities like bus stations and terminals, etc and will have
representation from all the major operators and stakeholders.

Capacity building
The responsibility for the planning and implementation of urban transport systems rests with
the State governments and the municipal bodies.
Capacity building will have to be addressed at two levels – institutional and individual.
Institutional capacity would primarily involve creating a pool of knowledge and a
knowledge management centre that would sustain and enhance expertise as well as facilitate
more informed planning. And also sponsor regular research to help formulate the right
mitigation strategies, the institute of urban transport under the purview of the ministry of
urban development would strengthen this responsibility.
Advice on new technologies would also be regularly available to implementing agencies.
The institute would become a store house of information on the various public transport
technologies being used in different parts of the world and would maintain the latest
information and
Literature on the experience with such technologies.
The national level institute would build up a database for use in planning, research, training,
etc
At the individual level, a major exercise of training and skill development of the public
officials and other public functionaries would be taken up to make such officials aware of
the nuances of urban transport planning and the specific issues involved in managing city
transport. It would be targeted at personnel belonging to the State transport departments,
municipal
corporations, metropolitan development authorities, traffic police, environmental authorities,
State Transport Corporations, Public Works Departments, etc.
Proven technologies for public transport for that the Central Government would facilitate
joint ventures and collaboration agreements between such technology providers and suitable
Indian companies with providing necessary incentives academic programs in urban

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

14 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

transport, especially at the post-graduate level, would be strengthened so that a nucleus of

qualified urban transport professionals becomes available in the country.

Use of cleaner technologies

Commonly used fuels were petroleum based fuels now alternatives like CNG
Electric trolley and electric vehicles for reducing the problem of pollution by vehicles
Renewable sources need to tapped as a measure for sustainable development.
Central government would encourage research and development and commercialization of
cleaner technologies
In order of the advantages of the technologies concessions and benefits would enable them
to enter and compete.
Vehicle maintenance well be motivated
Emission norms will be introduced. Measures on incentivize the use of fuel efficient and
small size vehicles so that little road space will be utilize with low pollution .
The central government will establish training centers for the staff for periodic check and for
certification.

CRITIC
Promotion of the sustainable fuel like CNG is less discussed as well as encouraged which is
be mostly used in many of the metropolitan cities
What kind of concessions and benefits would enable they to have a stable place in market is
not discussed.
Age of vehicles in relation of the its use on road should be restricted as well as checked after
certain duration is not related up in the abstract of cleaner technology.

Innovative financing mechanisms using land as a resource

Association of the private sector

Need for public awareness and cooperation

As it is huge investment for urban transport problems and projects to be handled by state
government due to lack of resources so central government would encourage it by dedicated
taxes to be credited to urban transport fund. Such taxes could be in form of a supplement to
the petrol and diesel taxes, betterment levy on landowners or even on employment tax .A
revenues from betterment at a high capacity public transport corridors.
More use of private buses would be included to reduce the dependency on public budgets.
The private sector would be included in many of the activities thereby saving financial
resources.
They would be mostly included in activities like operation and maintenance of parking
facilities, certification facilities, repair facilities, construction and management of terminal
facilities, etc.
The Central Government would encourage the State Governments to involve the private
sector in providing public transport services, but under well structured procurement
contracts.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

15 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

Last but not list the most important the urban transport policies cant success without full
cooperation of all city residents and it can be secured by making a clear vision for them and
the importance of it.
So some program like educating them on the topic like problem of growing transport in
urban areas especially on their health and well beings during day to day life.
It will encourage people to use public transport and non-motorized vehicles, their proper use
and maintenance and safety driving.
“Green travel habit” to make travel less polluted and damaging. Mostly such inputs would
be made through including subject for school children.

CRITIC
This document has highlighted a number of initiatives which are required to be put into
place such as:
Change the institutional framework regarding, to the relative powers and functions between
central and state government. As the structuring of the powers and function of the state
government. And the power and function of central government. Other is relating the
interchange of power and function as well as activities to be undertaken under state as well
as urban local bodies as they are mainly responsible for the movement of public passenger
transport.

Conclusion with some addition and challenges

Cities are locations having a high level of accumulation and concentration of economic
activities and are complex spatial structures that are supported by transport systems.
The most important transport problems are often related to urban areas and take place when
transport systems, for a variety of reasons, cannot satisfy the numerous requirements of
urban mobility.
Urban productivity is highly dependent on the efficiency of its transport system to move
labour, people, consumers and freight between multiple origins and destinations.
Additionally, important transport terminals such as ports, airports, and railways are located
within urban areas, contributing to a specific array of problems. Some problems are ancient,
like congestion while others are new like urban freight distribution or environmental
impacts. Among the most notable urban transport problems.
There should be the scenario of the different large transport sector like port, airport and
railways to be related with urban transport as they affect the transit system and problems
related to systems.
The major modes of transport have witnessed an impressive growth in the last half a century
and contributed to the development process in the country.
“Notwithstanding all the achievements, the quality of transport infrastructure and services is
required to be improved along with the expansion of network both in terms of spread and
capacity. This is a big challenge for the coming millennium.” (issues in business maze.)
It is necessary to formulate an integrated transport policy to ensure adequate, efficient and
high quality of transport infrastructure and services with a view to achieving maximum
efficiency at minimum cost so that the mobility of goods and people may be assured.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

16 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

While formulating such a transport policy, it is important to visualize the transport system as
an integrated structure of different modes and services functioning as different entities in a
level playing field with the element of inter-modal and intra-modal competition, ensuring
organisational efficiency and individual viability. This will require reorientation in our
transport policy.

The emphasis will have to shift from merely providing transport infrastructure and services
to technological up gradation and modernisation of the same in order to ensure mobility and
not only accessibility.
The hurtle will have to be on provision of improved high quality services with minimum use
of cross subsidisation and emphasis on achieving optimal inter modal mix with appropriate
pricing and user charges policy and through injection of competitive desire.
 Coordination is a major issue in transport policy as it is a pronouncedly interdependent field
of public action, not only interlinked with planning, housing, and land-use policy, but in a
much wider sense subject of foreign policy, economic policy, and regional equalization this
are some of the few a few which could be directly related to a policy co-ordination. The
question of policy design, then, is relevant for every public policy, of course.

In the field of transport policy, however, we have argued that the chosen instruments are of
special interest for the following reasons:
First, as already pointed out, transport policy has many cross-sect oral implications, which
makes its goals largely interdependent. The policy design, thus, not only has to influence
individual and societal behaviour in one direction, but in many directions at the same time,
like transport is not only related in moving people it is important but if other issues use of
resources, health, climate & environment and other coming up issues which society need to
think and apply in there day to day life as they use transport thereby taking into account the
cross-sectional character of the policy.

Second, transport policy is treating the general societal phenomenon of mobility--the very
nature of today's society rather than a mere characteristic. Transport policy treats a core
attribute of the modern world. It cannot be the goal, therefore, to change mobility itself, but
rather the patterns of mobility in order to find a way to make the said nature of today's
society compatible with actual society. Sustainability in this understanding is besides its
already broad meaning also a question of speed--social, economic, and regarding the use of
natural resources. This complexity of political goals in transport policy makes the question
of policy design outstanding interesting for policy research.

Finally, it is for the same reason that we consider the question of innovation a third major
stake for the analysis of transport policy. Transport is a field, which is almost as much
subject to technical innovation as is the field of information technologies. This important
technological progress offers great opportunities, but embraces also threats. And the threats
are made a way aside.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010

17 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY

The policy process has focused on the urgent current issues which every city is going
through and which are identified by the urban local bodies and resulting in policy
recommendations which will hopefully move a long way as solution comes there are some
other problem arise. So it makes us feel that these are the solution for a short term. It would
make a realistic approach toward long term reality and a clear strategy for bringing that
vision. Might be this would be overlooked and focused in a broad sense to assess local and
international trend affecting transport including advanced transport systems and their
applicability.

URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010