Simulation Description: Heater-Coolers (Transient Heat Transfer) Page 1 of 3

Incompressible Heater-Coolers

Simulation Description: Transient Heat Transfer

To select a particular topic, click-on the required link below:

l Thermal Capacity Effects

l Calculating Zero Flow HT

Thermal Capacity Effects

A heat transfer simulation is similar to that of a steady state simulation, except that thermal capacity effects
of the component are taken into account PROVIDING that the Mass of Solid and Fluid Volume data items are
set. In a segmented simulation, the mass is calculated as follows:

Equation 1

Equation 2

Calculating Zero Flow HT

For transient simulations, the following method is used to calculate zero flow.

The energy balance is given as follows:

Equation 3

Where:

q1 = Heat flow into node 1

q2 = Heat flow into node 2
qd = Heat flow entering the fluid in the component

and

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Simulation Description: Heater-Coolers (Transient Heat Transfer) Page 2 of 3

Where:

Tm = Mean temperature at the centre of the component

V = Fluid volume

This is then solved, depending on the mode of operation for the model.

Imposing the Temperature (T)

If Tm = T, the 'user-defined' temperature (derived from Outlet Temperature - either constant or as a curve v
Time - or from a controller) then:

Equation 4

and

Equation 5

Where:

T1 = Temperature at arm 1 (Inlet)

T2 = Temperature at arm 2 (Outlet)

Tm = Mean temperature at the centre of the component

From the above equations, it is plain that the inclusion of thermal inertia has no effect outside the component,
when T is imposed. If it is imposed, then it will affect the reported heat duty, if the imposed temperature T, is
changed by a large amount in one time step.

If Uax is undefined, then a neutral model is used such that:

Equation 6

and

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Equation 7

Imposing the Thermal Duty (q)

If we impose the thermal duty, then:

Equation 8

Hence:

Equation 9

Equation 10

and

Equation 11

Where Uax is undefined, an error will be issued, advising the user to set Fluid Volume, Axial HTC or both > 0.

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