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This extract from the Retrotec Manual was designed to help AHJ witness door fan tests.
For an overview, get Retrotec’s “Environmentally Friendly” video. It discusses halon but
all the principals are the same. Special pricing is available to AHJ for software and
manuals. Contact us at cgenge@retrotec.com or call 360-738-9835 ext 308 for pricing.
Visit our Website at www.retrotec.com
Contents
About the Author.
Mr. Genge participated in the first known door fan test of a halon protected enclosure, at
a military installation in Canada in 1988. Since then he has tested many hundreds of
gaseous agent protected enclosures.
Colin L. Genge was the first one to propose door fan testing for predicting retention
times. He wrote all of the Appendix B material and has been reposing for most of its
concurrent changes. He has trained the bulk of all Appendix B testers directly or through
trainers that he himself has trained.
Mr. Genge has been responsible for technical support to over 500 users of Retrotec
equipment in the field. He played a key role in the development of the most widely used
Door Fan Standard (CGSB CAN@ 149 10-M 85).
quoted from “ 4-7.2.3* Review Enclosure Integrity. All total flooding systems shall have the enclosure
NFPA 2001 examined and tested to locate and than effectively seal any significant air leaks that could
page 2001-37 result in a failure of the enclosure to hold the specified agent concentration level for the
specified holding period. The currently preferred method is using a blower door fan unit
and smoke pencil. If quantitative results are recorded, these could be useful for comparison
at future tests. ”
The discharge test only verified agent distribution in one location. Usually the most favorable. This may have led to
assuming that other approval steps could be overlooked.
The discharge test was never repeated. The room leakage would increase steadily, compromising the system from day one.
Now, clean agent rooms must be tighter than with halon. New agents all have less margin for error. Halon protected rooms
could lose over 50% and still maintain their extinguishing capabilities whereas the new agents can normally only lose about
20%.
A small positive pressure is created by the heavier-than-air agent pressing down upon the floor. Flow develops whenever a hole
has a pressure difference across it. The greater the pressure and the larger the hole, the greater the agent lost. A small negative
pressure will develop at the top of the room that will allow a similar volume of air to flow back into the room from leaks at the
higher elevations.
If air moving equipment in the room is shut off at discharge, the agent mixture will tend to stay separate from the air infiltrating
through the upper leaks.
The intersection between the pool of agent mixture and clean air above is referred to as the agent/air interface. This is called the
descending interface case. This interface drops, as agent is lost out of the room through leaks in the floor and lower wall area.
Air from outside the room generally replaces agent by infiltrating through leaks in the upper half of the room.
If air moving equipment is left on during the retention period, the infiltrating air will become mixed in with the agent. This is
called the continual mixing case. The concentration at the floor will decay at the same rate as the concentration near the ceiling.
In some cases, air flow into or out of the room is created by other causes (e.g. damper or duct leakage). This air flow produces a
static pressure which pushes the agent out faster. This static pressure is therefore usually eliminated.
The door fan measures total leakage areas and static pressures. Below ceiling leaks can then be measured separately using a flex
duct or plastic on the ceiling to neutralize ceiling leaks. All other variables such as room volume and heights are easily measured
on site.
The model predicts how many minutes it will take for the descending interface to reach the minimum protected height specified
by the Authority Having Jurisdiction Or, for the concentration to fall to the minimum percent acceptable for the continual mixing
case.
Technician training and experience- should have certificate from course attendance. We will be listing all
testers on our Website at www.retrotec.com after they have completed a test to show they understand the basics.
4-6.1 All persons who might be expected to inspect, test, maintain, or operate fire extinguishing systems
shall be thoroughly trained and kept thoroughly trained in the functions they are expected to perform.
Software conformance to NFPA 12A & 2001. Retrotec version HA5 is up to date for all but the inert gases that
need HA5.1. The newest version HA6 has very minor adjustments to density and has a few new agents added but
essentially gives the same result as HA5.1. The example in NFPA 12A can be run to see if the same result is
achieved but is very tedious. This would be an option for software the AHJ was unfamiliar with. In general, the
Retrotec software conforms to NFPA exactly.
Room pressure gauge calibration certificate (less than one year old)
This is required by the NFPA test although we have found that unless the gauge has been damaged or moves
unevenly that they are usually within 10%.
System calibration - must be completed every five years as stated on a dated 5 year certificate.
Field Calibration check procedure- can be requested to see if the equipment can measure the correct leakage
area. It doesn’t test the software.
Room set-up
There must be a complete flow path back to Infiltrometer otherwise all leaks may not be measured. All doors in
the zone must be open. The HVAC system and all dampers must be in position they’d be in at discharge.
Inert gases are all heavier than air and will according to 2001 run out of room leaks. They are not as heavy as
halocarbons and usually only run out at half the rate. All inert clean agents need relief areas according to their
manufacturers.
Covering ceiling level leaks to measure leaks in the lower part of the room is not the same as taping up leaks to
pass a discharge test. The leakage of the ceiling has already been measured in the previous test and now the lower
leaks can be measured separately to get a more accurate prediction.
All enclosures must be re-tested yearly if any doubt exists as to whether the room has had any more holes put in it
in the last year.
Rooms must be tested positively and negatively to eliminate bias due to duct leaks not because of positive
pressures after discharge.
Use with Retrotec Software Version HA6 or higher and Manual #6.
Follow the numbers on the Retrotec form or on computer screen.
1.6 21 Net Agent Protected Volume: Used to re-calculate the design concentration. Must be re-
measured. Retention time increase linearly with volume i.e. 10%
volume increase gives 10% retention time increase.
1.7 24 Calculated Initial The Retrotec will re-calculate the design concentration based on
Concentration (from Retrotec all the above 4 inputs. This result must be acceptable.
software):
1.9 30 Minimum Required Retention Often 10 minutes but could be longer for remote sites. Must be
Time (e.g. 10 minutes): long enough to allow for trained personnel to arrive. See section
on small rooms. 10 minutes could be required for deep seated
fires.
1.10 25 Maximum Agent Height from must be re-measured from floor slab to highest combustible.
Slab:
1.11 32 Will Major Air Circulating Fans YES if air handlers are shut off, the agent will form a
Shut Down On Discharge? descending interface. Go to 1.14
YES
NO NO if air handlers will keep running, the agent will stay
mixed over the retention time. Go to 1.11
1.11 29 If NO, what is Minimum What is the minimum extinguishing concentration the agent can
Specified Final Concentration fall to by the end of the retention period? For FM200 this could
(e.g. 5%)? % be 5.5%, 31% for INERGEN etc.
Skip to 3.2
1.14 28 Minimum Protected Height is: Height measured from the slab that the agent can fall after the
75% of retention period. The higher the height, the longer the retention
Max. Height OR time. This is a very critical value. e.g. in a 10’ room changing
Highest Combustible this height from 7.5’ to 8’ will about halve the retention time.
Typically minimum protected heights near the ceiling can be
nearly impossible to pass and continual mixing may have to be
considered.
3.2 56 Type of test: Whole Room Whole Room: is always done first unless its a subfloor only
BCLA Flex Duct BCLA test.
Poly Under Ceiling BCLA Flex Duct and BCLA Poly Under Ceiling:
measures leaks below the ceiling only so any leak going through
the ceiling can be taped off since it has already been measured at
the Whole Room stage.
3.7 33 Record the static pressure just The pressure that would be across the enclosure at discharge
prior to agent discharge. must be predicted. If a pressure existed on the day of the test but
the building HVAC would be shut down at actual discharge,
then use zero. If the HVAC is designed to stay on, then use the
measured pressure. If the subfloor A/C will stay on at discharge,
measure the pressure between the subfloor and outside the room.
3.9 57 Temperature in zone and will only affect the result by about 1% per 20F of temperature
return path space at time of difference
3.10 fan test (within +10oF):
3.12 61 Static pressure during the is used to correct the readings for room leakage area and should
door fan test not change the result unless more than 3Pa.
3 K. Witnessing Tests - Page 7
door fan test.
4.5 65 Room pressure The computer prompts the operator to take the room up to a
range of pressures; often 10 to 13 Pa. The room pressure is
increased by the door fan blower. The room pressure is read
from the left hand gauge on the console or upper gauge on the
gauge clip. The pressure reading must be verified within 1 Pa
4.5 68 Range This is critical. Ensure that the door fan blower is set up
according to the range sheet that follows. The correct range
must be entered. Each range will change the result by over 50%.
4.5 74 Flow Pressure(s) Must be read at the same time as the flow pressure from the
4.5 77 Depressurization forcing air The test must normally be done both ways to compensate for
out of zone stray static pressures in the room usually caused by duct leaks.
Pressurization Test forcing If the door ways can be tested with the smoke puffer to see that
air into the zone there is no smoke movement prior to the door fan test, then the
requirement to test both ways could be waived. When doing the
plastic on the ceiling test, it is usually not possible to test both
ways. To get a fairly accurate estimate of the true leakage when
testing only one way, follow the Retrotec software procedure for
an estimate starting on screen 77.
4.7 79 Measured Whole Room ELA: The total Equivalent Leakage Area (ELA) of all room leaks;
floor, walls and ceiling
4.7 80 Max. Allowable ELA to Pass: The total ELA that will just allow the enclosure to pass the
acceptance criteria
4.7 79 Assumed BCLA (1/2 Total The Below Ceiling Leakage Area (BCLA) is the total of all wall
ELA): and floor leaks. The first prediction is base on assuming that
half the (ELA) leaks are located in the worst place for leakage;
the floor.
5.12 79 Measured BCLA: If the worst case assumption causes the enclosure to fail, the next
step is to make an actual measurement or is in some cases
estimate ( see small room section ) of the actual BCLA to get a
longer and more accurate prediction of retention time. Taping
of ceiling registers and leaks is OK because the above ceiling
leaks have already been measured in the previous test. Putting
plastic on the ceiling is an acceptable way to measure below
ceiling leaks in small rooms.
5.12 81 Max. Allowable BCLA to Pass: The total BCLA that will just allow the enclosure to pass the
acceptance criteria
5.12 82 Interface Height or % at Spec. The height the interface will fall to during the specified retention
Time: time (usually 10 minutes).
The % the concentration will fall to during the specified
retention time (usually 10 minutes).
More detail on how variables affect retention time and to what degree. The following table shows how retention time is affected.
Assumed all other variables are held constant.
input effect on retention time magnitude
room volume doubles and retention time doubles linear
room leakage doubles and retention time halves inverse linear
agent weight quadruples and retention time halves inverse sq. root
minimum protected increasing from 75 to 85% of room height will halve retention time inverse sq. root
height
agent height doubles and retention time more than doubles assuming minimum somewhat linear
protected height stays same.
room test pressure testing at 13 instead of 10Pa may increase apparent leakage area by not much
5%
Static @ Fan Test should not affect leakage area measurement but may none
Elevation only affects concentration, loss based on weight of agent none
Discharge Temp. only affects concentration, loss based on weight of agent none
Range 18F - for standard Range 18R - for Range 9 - for slightly tighter
depressurization test pressurization test rooms
Note: 18 refers to 18" diameter inlet, F to forward blowing (i.e. away from the operator), R to reverse (or towards the
operator).
Clear flow pressure tube must be in port labeled 18, Plate Off.
9 and all other whole numbers refer to the number of 4" holes open, including the middle hole. All decimals refer to the
number of 2" holes open, e.g. ".3" of 1.3 refers to 3 x 2" holes open plus of course the 1 x 4" hole in the middle (motor
cooling).
Clear flow pressure tube must be in port labeled 9, Plate On.
============================================================
============================================================
This Room PASSES the Test as the Predicted Retention Time is---15
23.5 minutes for the agent/air interface to drop below the
minimum protected height .
X ____________________________________
Conforms To 1992 NFPA 12A and 1996 NFPA 2001 Acceptance Procedure. -----17
-------18
============================================================
Temperature IN: 70
Temperature OUT: 70 -------21
============================================================
1. Should be version HA6 or higher. 18. Any deviations to the Procedure will be printed out here
(See next section).
2. This line indicates the type of test conducted. Other
options are: 19. The maximum size of ELA permitted to result in a
BCLA Flex Duct Test, retention time equal to item 9. If the test was a BCLA test,
BCLA Test Using Plastic, and it failed, this value would be the maximum allowable
Subfloor Only Test, BCLA.
Analysis of Manually Entered ELA/BCLA's.
20. Where the descending interface would be at the time
3. Indicates which unit of measure were used. Note that specified in item 9. If mechanical mixing takes place (0 to
Pascals are used for pressure measurement even in the Screen 27), the average concentration throughout the room
imperial version. 249 pa = 1" H2O. at the specified time will be displayed.
4. Agent used in the analysis. 21. The temperatures entered at Screens 57 and 58.
5. Agent weight entered at Screen 16. 22. The static pressure entered at Screen 61.
6. Net enclosure volume calculated from the inputs to 23. This column contains the Depressurization fan test data.
Screens 20/21 and 22. 24. This column contains the Pressurization fan test data.
7. Room height as entered at Screen 25/26. 25. Where the gauges were located during each set of
readings.
8. Minimum protected height entered at Screen 28. If
mechanical mixing will take place (0 entered at Screen 27) 26. The room pressure gauge reading entered (from the 0-60
the Minimum Specified concentration will be displayed pa gauge).
here (usually about 75% of the initial concentration).
27. The actual difference in room pressure obtained, after
9. Minimum retention time in minutes entered at Screen 30. subtracting the static pressure.
10. Calculated initial concentration displayed at Screen 24. 28. The fan calibration range (18,9,5,3,1.4,1.3,1.2,1.1,0.1,36
or 99)
11. Static pressure entered at Screen 33/34.
29. The flow pressure read off the 0-250 pa gauge. It equals 0
12. The Whole Room Leakage comes from the Whole Room if CFM were entered directly by using range 99, or if
Test and includes all ceiling, wall and floor leaks. If this is multiple blowers were used.
a BCLA test (line 2) then this value comes from a
previous Whole Room Test. 30. If the fan was blowing towards the operator (e.g. when
pressurizing the room with the pressure gauges inside the
room), the flow pressure value item 29 is reduced
13. The difference between item 12 and item 14. internally by the room pressure gauge reading in item 26.
Note that the model always simplifies the location of When 2 fans have been used (range 36), this is a
room leakage to be one hole in the ceiling and one in the composite value of the 2 flow pressures entered.
floor, even though a visual inspection may uncover no
leakage in either location. 31. This is the non-corrected air flow in CFM.
14. The BCLA (Below Ceiling Leakage Area). 32. The temperature corrected air flow.
15. If the retention time is greater than the value for 33. These are the ELA's measured in each direction. These
Minimum Retention Time at item 9, this paragraph values would be BCLAs if this were a Below Ceiling test.
reads "PASS". This room either needs more sealing or a
more accurate assessment of the BCLA using a 34. The average of the two leakage areas in item 33. If the
Ceiling Leakage Neutralization test. test was only conducted in one direction, the value here is
the result of the correction factor applied per Section
16. The Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) can sign 10.5.
here to indicate that he or she witnessed the test.
Items 35 to 47 are printed out so that an inspecting
17. Statement of conformance to the 12A Procedure. authority can check the calculations manually using the
My suggestion is for room volumes(cu. ft.) of: 2500 1250 625 350
That, the minimum retention time (min.) be : 8 6 4 3
provided that it is reasonable to expect that
“trained personnel could show up in that time.
This last row is more in keeping with how tight rooms can be made as they get smaller. For example each room regardless of
size must have a door and door usually leak about 5 to 20 sq.in. depending on how well they are weather-stripped. To try to
achieve a total of 7 sq.in. in this room is not really practical.
est. upper leaks sq. in. est. % full speed corrected est. leak scaled down to
wall to ceiling joint 122 50% 61 49.5
upper slab penetrations 60 100% 60 48.7
upward duct openings 140 25% 35 28.4
upper open conduits 10 10% 1 0.8
total upper leaks 157 127.4
The calculated BCLA = 40.6 sq. in. which is 24% of the ELA
This partial list shows some of the many who have accepted door fan testing in lieu of discharge testing.
Armco Butler, PA
Ohio Water Service Boardman, OH
Ramada Inns Phoenix, AZ
Chrysler Corp. Detroit, WI
General Motors Detroit, WI
Nissan Motor Nashville, TN
Palonar Medical Ctr. Escondido, CA
Rohr Industries Chulla Vista, CA
General Dynamics San Diego, CA
Lockheed Houston, TX
Fluor-Daniel Houston, TX
Soltex-Polymer
Granite School Dist. Salt Lake City,UT
Utah County Geneva Steel Vineyard, UT
Salt Lake City Corp. Salt Lake City, UT
G.D. Searle Co. Skokie, IL
Nova Gas Calgary, ALTA
Alberta Govt. Telephone Edmonton, ALTA
Chrysler Brampton, ON
Chubb EDP Springfield,N