B.4.2 - General Spec For Pressure Vessels

Page 1 of 30
HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD.

MUMBAI
DIESEL HYDROTREATER PROJECT
TITLE: GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
DOCUMENT NO. : 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4
Rev No. Issue Date Pages Rev Description Prepared Checked Approved
By By By
0 18.08.2008 30 Issued as general specification SNK CR HSC

Jacobs
HPCL-MUMBAI GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR Page 2 of 30
44LK-5100 PRESSURE VESSELS Rev.0
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 CODES & STANDARDS

1.1 CODES
1.2 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
1.3 INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
2.0 DESIGN BASIS – GENERAL
2.1 SIZING OF EQUIPMENT
2.2 SHELL/ HEAD THICKNESS
2.3 VESSEL END CLOSURES
2.4 DESIGN PRESSURE
2.5 DESIGN TEMPERATURE
2.6 HYDRO TEST PRESSURE
2.7 CORROSION ALLOWANCE
2.8 WIND LOADING CONSIDERATION
2.9 SEISMIC LOADING CONSIDERATION
2.10 CAPACITY
2.11 SUPPORTS
2.12 MANHOLES
2.13 FLOATING ROOF
2.14 NOZZLE SIZE
2.15 FLANGES
2.16 INTERNALS
2.17 GASKETS
2.18 PIPE DAVIT
2.19 SPARES
2.20 VENT/ DRAIN/ VENTILATION NOZZLE CONNECTION
2.21 IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
3.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS – SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 LPG STORAGE SPHERES
3.2 TALL COLUMNS
3.3 STORAGE TANKS
3.4 MOUNDED BULLETS
3.5 CRYOGENIC VESSELS & TANKS
3.6 HYDROGEN BULLETS
TABLE – 1 DETAIL & WEIGHT OF COLUMN ATTACHMENTS
TABLE – 2 ALLOWABLE STRESS FOR COMBINED LOADING
TABLE – 3 MATERIAL SELECTION CHART
TABLE – 4 NOZZLE LOCAL LOADS
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1.0 CODES & STANDARDS
1.1 CODES
The following applicable codes and laws of India and their applicable standards in their latest
edition including latest addenda shall be followed unless otherwise specified for the design,
fabrication, inspection and testing of Vessels, Columns, Reactors, Storage Tanks, Steel
Flare/ Vent Stacks :
ASME SEC. VIII DIV. 1 For Pressure Vessels
ASME SEC. VIII DIV. 2 For Pressure Vessels (as specified in bid package for
high shell wall thickness of equipment)
ASME SEC. VIII DIV. 2 Mounded Vessels /Bullets/Horton spheres
ASME SEC.V For non-destructive testing
ASME SEC. II Part A, B, C, D For material specification & allowable stresses
ASTM/ IS For material specification for Tanks
ASME Sec. IX For welding
ASME B 16.5 For flanges
ASME B 16.47 For large diameter flanges
ASME B 16.20 / For gaskets
ANSI B1.1/IS 4218 For bolting specification
ASME B 16.28 For elbows & return bends
ASME SEC. VIII Div. 1 For workmanship of Vessels not categorised under any
other code
API 650 For Storage Tanks
API 620 For Low Pressure Storage Tanks
IS : 6533 For steel vent stacks etc
IS: 875/ Site Data For wind load consideration
IS : 1893/ Site Data For seismic design consideration
B.4.2_General Spec for Pressure vessels

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IBR For steam producing, steam storage, catch water vessels,

condensate flash drums and similar vessels
SMPV Static and mobile pressure vessel(unfired) rules, 1981
1.2 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
National laws and statutory requirements such as of Indian Boiler Regulations and
requirements of Department of Explosives, Nagpur, India together with any local by-laws for the
state shall be complied with. Static and Mobile Pressure Vessel (SMPV) rules and Petroleum
rules, Directorate (OISD) etc as applicable shall also be complied with.
1.3 INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS
NACE MR 0175 Sulphide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field
Equipment
NACE MR 0284 Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steel for Resistance to
Hydrogen Induced Cracking
NACE TM 0177 Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulphide Stress Cracking
in Hydrogen Sulphide Environment
NACE RP 0472 Methods & controls to prevent in service cracking of CS welds in P1

materials in corrosive petroleum refining environments
WRC Bulletin # 107 Local Stresses in Spherical & Cylindrical Shells due to External
Loadings
WRC Bulletin # 297 Local Stresses in Cylindrical Shells due to External Loadings on Nozzles
WRC Bulletin # 368 Stresses in intersecting Cylindrical Shells subject to pressure

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2.0 DESIGN BASIS – GENERAL
All equipment shall be designed in accordance with the latest design codes, and
applicable standards/ specifications. Design calculations shall be made considering all
loads for Erection, Operating and Hydrotest conditions (ref. Para.3.2.2)
2.1 SIZING OF EQUIPMENT
All equipment columns, clad/lined vessels, vessels (including thickness ≥ 50 mm), tanks,
bullets & all others vessels shall be sized on the basis of internal diameter only.
2.2 SHELL/HEAD THICKNESS
2.2.1 For columns of carbon and low alloy steel, minimum thickness shall be 8mm (including
corrosion allowance up to 3mm).
The minimum thickness of carbon and low alloy steel vessels shall be 6.0 mm (including
corrosion allowance not exceeding 3.0 mm) but shall not be less than calculated as per
following formula:
Wall thickness = Dia / 1000 + 1.5 + Corrosion Allowance, for Dia. less than 2400 mm.
Wall thickness = Dia / 1000 + 2.5 + Corrosion Allowance, for Dia. 2400 mm and more.
All dimensions are in mm. Above formula is applicable for both columns & vessels.
2.2.2 For columns of stainless steel and high alloy steel, minimum thickness shall be 5mm.
Corrosion allowance shall be added in this minimum thickness as specified in process
data sheet.
The minimum thickness of stainless steels & high alloy vessels shall be 3.0 mm but shall
not be less than calculated as per following formula:
Wall thickness = Dia / 1000 + 2.5 + Corrosion Allowance, for Dia. more than 1500 mm.
Corrosion allowance shall be added to minimum thickness as specified. Above formula is

applicable for both columns & vessels.
2.2.3 Tangent to tangent height (H) to diameter (D) ratio (H/D) greater than 5 shall be
considered as column and designed accordingly.
2.3 VESSEL END CLOSURES
2.3.1 Deep torispherical dished end with 80% crown radius and 15% knuckle radius or
alternatively 2:1 semi-ellipsoidal dished end shall be used for pressure vessels unless
otherwise specified. Seamless dished ends shall be used for specific services as per
process licensor requirement.
2.3.2 Unless specified otherwise, hemispherical ends shall be used when the thickness
of shell exceeds 70 mm.
2.3.3 For atmospheric vessels, flat covers may be used.

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2.3.4 For vessels diameter ≤ 600 mm, without any internals, pipe caps may be used.
2.3.5 Manholes will be provided for all process vessels over 36 inches (760 mm) in diameter.
Smaller vessels will normally be provided with hand holes or a flanged head, depending
upon access requirements for the particular service. Manhole where provided must have
minimum 19 inch ID unless a larger dia manhole is indicated in the data sheet.
Columns ≤ 900 mm diameter shall be provided with intermediate body flanges. Number of
intermediate flanges shall be decided based on column height and type of internals.
For Vessels/ Columns of Diameter ≤ 900 mm with internals, flanged covers may be used.
Vessels and columns with diameter 900 mm shall be provided with 450 NB manholes
unless otherwise specified.
Vessels and columns ≥ 1000 mm and upto 1500 mm shall be provided with 500 NB man
hole. Vessels and columns with diameter 1500 mm and above may be provided with 600
NB man hole. However when inside diameter of manholes are specified, then, inside
diameter shall be considered as minimum required and a mandatory requirement.
Trays and other column internals installation shall be given consideration in deciding the
size and location of manholes, hand holes or body flanges as the requirements may be at
the initial design itself.
2.3.6 All process vessels that have a manhole will also be specified to have a vessel vent to
provide ventilation for maintenance. This vessel vent will be located at the top, or a
minimum distance from top of vessel. Size of this vent shall be as follows.
Vessel capacity Size of vent (NB)

3
Upto 200 m 3 inch
3
200-400 m 4 inch
3
400-700 m 6 inch
3
>700m 8 inch
2.3.7 If the equipment process data sheet indicates sour service (alkaline or wet H2S service),
the equipment materials, their testing, their post weld heat treatment and any other
recommendations of the NACE materials recommended by the licensor and pertinent
publications like NACE MR 175 shall be complied without exception.
2.4 DESIGN PRESSURE
Design pressure shall be calculated as per the following unless otherwise specified
elsewhere or in Process Data Sheet.

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2.4.1 When operating pressure is up to and including 70 kg/cm2 g

2
Design pressure = operating pressure + 10% (minimum 2.0 kg/cm g.)
2
2.4.2 When operating pressure is above 70 kg/cm g
2
Design pressure = operating pressure + 5% (minimum 7 kg/cm g)
Operating pressure should be maximum operating pressure for clause 2.4.1 and 2.4.2.
2.4.3 Design pressure shall be at the top of vertical vessel or at the highest point of horizontal
vessel.
2.4.4 The design pressure at any lower point shall be calculated by adding the highest
operating liquid head and any pressure drop within the vessel.
2.4.5 Equipment with steam out condition shall be designed for full vacuum condition.
2.4.6 Equipment operating under vacuum / partial vacuum shall be designed for an external
2
pressure of 1.055 kg/cm g (15 psi g)
2.4.7 Vessels shall be designed for steam out conditions if specified on process data sheet.
2
2.4.8 Minimum design pressure shall be 3.5 kg/cm g for any equipment except API storage
tanks.
2.4.9 All storage tanks shall be designed as per code considering full height & using specific
gravity 1.0 if not specified.
2.4.10 Pressure chambers of combination units in equipment shall be designed for testing
independently without pressure in the adjacent chamber in corroded condition.
2.5 DESIGN TEMPERATURE

o
2.5.1 For vessels operating at 0 C and above
o
Design temperature = maximum operating temperature + 15 C (subject to a minimum of
o
65 C)
o
2.5.2 For Vessels operating below 0 C
Design temperature = lowest operating temperature.
2.5.3 Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) shall be lower of minimum atmospheric
temperature and minimum operating temperature encountered during operation.
2.5.4 Un-insulated vessels containing LPG and similar fluids shall be designed for maximum &
minimum temperature as recommended by SMPV rules.

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2.6 HYDRO TEST PRESSURE
2.6.1 Equipment shall be hydro tested in the fabricator’s shop as per applicable design code &
specification requirements. However care shall be taken that hydrostatic temperature shall
be at least 6 degree centigrade higher than critical exposure temperature (CET) for vessel
thickness up to 50 mm and minimum 17 degree centigrade higher than the CET where
CET is minimum design metal temperature (MDMT). However, if code requirement is
found to be stringent, than the same shall be followed.
2.6.2 All vertical vessels, columns and horizontal vessels (in full corroded condition) shall also
be designed for site testing of the equipment with water at the test pressure on the top of
the equipment considering 50% wind load.
2.6.3 All equipment foundation shall be designed and constructed for water full condition when
equipment is new with 50% wind load.
2.6.4 Open atmospheric vessels shall be tested by filling water up to the top curb angle.
2.6.5 Pressure chambers of combination units that have been designed to operate
independently shall be hydro tested to code test pressure as separate vessels i.e., each
chamber shall be tested without pressure in the adjacent chamber.
When pressure chambers of combination units have their common elements designed for
maximum differential pressure, the common elements shall be subjected to test pressure
equivalent to the differential pressure multiplied by a factor as per applicable design code.
2.6.6 Coils shall be hydro tested to code test pressure separately.
2.6.7 Unless otherwise specified in applicable design code allowable stress during hydro test in
tension shall not exceed 90% of yield stress point.
2.6.8 Storage tanks shall be tested as per applicable code.
2.7 CORROSION ALLOWANCE
2.7.1 3.0 mm minimum corrosion allowance for carbon steel columns, vessels and atmospheric
vessels shall be used unless otherwise specified.
2.7.2 1.5 mm minimum corrosion allowance for low alloy steel columns and vessels shall be
used unless otherwise specified.
2.7.3 No corrosion allowance for stainless steel columns & vessels shall be used unless
otherwise specified.
2.7.4 For cladded vessels, no corrosion allowance is required on the base material. Minimum
3.0 mm cladding (undiluted) shall be considered as corrosion allowance unless otherwise
specified.

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2.7.5 If it is agreed to develop the cladding by weld overlay method, then it shall be ensured to
have undiluted chemistry of the cladding upto specified thickness of cladding. Surface
texture requirement if applicable shall also be ensured.
Code requirements of PWHT and any specified NDT shall also be complied.
2.7.6 For storage tanks, minimum corrosion allowance shall be as follows unless otherwise
specified: bottom plate – 3 mm, shell courses- First shell course 3 mm, subsequent shell
courses 1.5 mm, floating roof/fixed roof – 0.5 mm.
2.7.7 Buried vessels shall have 1.5mm external corrosion allowance. Vessel shall also be
applied with a proven external corrosion resistant coating.
2.7.8 Spheres/mounded bullets shall have 1.5 mm corrosion allowance.
2.7.9 Cladding or lining thickness shall not be included in strength calculations.
2.7.10 Corrosion allowance for nozzles including manholes shall be equal to that specified for the
vessel. No corrosion allowance is required for standard flange face.
2.7.11 Corrosion allowance for girth/ body flange faces shall be used equal to that specified for
vessel.
2.7.12 Corrosion allowance for support skirts of columns & vertical vessels shall be 1.0 mm
(minimum) unless specified otherwise.
2.8 WIND LOADING CONSIDERATION
2.8.1 Design basis for wind loads shall be as per IS: 875 (Part-3) – 1987. As per IS-875 (Part-
3), 1987 definition of basic wind speed shall be peak gust velocity averaged over 3 second
time interval at 10 m height above mean ground level with 50 years mean return period.
Values of coefficients K1, K2 (or K2 for gust factor method of wind load calculation), K3 (as
in IS: 875 – Part –3) for the project site shall be considered as under.
2.8.1.1 Probability Factor K1
The design life of all equipment shall be taken as 50 years. The mean return period of all
equipment shall be 50 years except for flare stack/ chimney for which the mean return
period shall be taken as 100 years.
Wind load shall be calculated in accordance with Indian Standard IS 875-1987 Part 3 as
follows;
Wind load (kg) F = C x Ae x Pd

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Where
C = Shape factor for cylinders Refer to Table D-2 (Table 23 IS 875)

Ae = Effective Area D x H (m2)
D = Maximum of (1.2Do or Do+0.6) m
Do = Outside diameter of insulated shell m
H = Height of the section (m)
Pd = Design Wind Pressure at height H Refer to Table D-1 (kg/m2)
2.9 Requirements for Earthquake Design
Seismic design shall be as per IS 1893 part IV

Zone = III

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2.10 CAPACITY
2.10.1 Tank
Capacity shall be specified as Nominal capacity and stored capacity.
Nominal capacity for fixed roof tanks shall be volume of cylindrical shell.
Stored capacity for fixed roof tanks shall be equal to nominal capacity minus free board
volume (equivalent to 500mm of shell height) or location of fixing of lowest roof structure
member
Nominal capacity (also the stored capacity) for floating roof tanks shall be volume of
cylindrical shell minus free board volume. (Equivalent to minimum 1500mm of shell height).
Nominal capacity (also the stored capacity) for fixed cum floating roof tanks shall be volume
of cylindrical shell minus free board volume. (equivalent to minimum 2500 mm of shell
height).
2.10.2 Bullets (above ground or under ground)
Nominal capacity is the geometric capacity of bullet.
Stored capacity shall be 85% of nominal capacity at maximum design temperature.
2.10.3 Sphere
Nominal capacity is the geometric capacity of sphere.
Stored capacity shall be 85% of nominal capacity at maximum design temperature.
2.11 SUPPORTS
Skirt supports shall be provided for all vertical vessels, columns and reactors.
2.11.1
Small vertical vessels may be supported on legs or brackets.
All Cr-Mo steel reactors shall be supported on skirts.

2.11.2
Welding of external cleats on Cr-Mo steel reactors shall be avoided wherever possible.
2.11.3 Skirt thickness
The minimum thickness for the skirts shall be greater of:
a) The thickness required by stress analysis with a minimum of 6 mm inclusive of CA)
b) 1/3 of the shell wall thickness with a maximum of 30 mm
Corrosion allowance of 1.0 mm minimum shall be considered for skirts unless otherwise
specified

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2.11.4 Columns with diameter ≥ 900 mm shall be self supported unless the process data sheet
indicates a guide supported design.
2.11.5 Columns with diameter less than 900 mm shall be supported by superimposed structure
around the column covering the entire height. Guy wires shall not be used to support any
equipment. Supporting of columns by superstructure require prior approval from Jacobs
2.11.6 In special cases, columns with diameter up to 900 mm and height not exceeding 20m
(including skirt height) can be self-supported and heights exceeding 20 m shall be supported
by super imposed structure around the column covering the entire height.
2.11.7 Flare and vent stacks shall be supported structurally by superimposed structure around for
complete height.
2.11.8 Storage spheres shall be supported on pipe leg supports with tie rod bracing and turn buckles.
2.11.9 Buried vessels shall be suitably anchored to prevent the uplift due to water table. Anchor bolts
shall have corrosion allowance of 6mm. Buried vessels shall be supported on concrete
saddles with bracket support at the centerline of the vessel.
2.12 MANHOLES
2.12.1 Manhole size less than 480 mm ID shall be avoided. If the dia of vessel is small, check if a
hand hole or a body flange can be considered. However,
Vessels with less than 900 mm ID shall be provided with hand holes or flanged heads,
depending upon access requirement for the particular service.
Vessels and columns with diameter 900mm shall be provided with 450 NB (Min ID 432 mm)
man hole unless otherwise specified.
Vessels and column with diameter greater than 1000mm and upto 1500mm shall be
provided with 500 NB (Min ID 480 mm) man way. Vessels and columns with diameter
1500mm and above can be provided with 600 NB man way. However, when inside diameter
of man holes is specified, then same shall be considered as minimum required. Size of
manholes shall be as per licensor drawing.
2.12.2 For storage tanks minimum number of manholes (size 600mm) shall be as follows:
Tank diameter Shell Flush type clean out Roof manhole

manhole fittings
Dia. ≤ 12 m 1 NIL 1
> 12m <Dia. ≤ 45m dia 2 1 2
45m < Dia. ≤ 61m 3 2 2
Dia. >61m 4 2 2
For floating roof tanks, 1no 750 mm NB manhole with internal ladder shall be provided as per
fabricators standard.
2.12.3 Size of clean out doors fittings for tanks shall be 900mm x 1200mm.

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2.13 FLOATING ROOF
2.13.1 Floating roof shall be of following construction unless specified otherwise.
Tank diameter Type of roof
≤ 12 m Double deck type
≥ 12 m < 60 m Pontoon type
≥ 60 m Double deck type
2.13.2 a. Primary and secondary seal to be provided for Naphtha, MS & Diesel service floating
type roof tanks. Internal floating roof shall have single seal.
b. The roof drain shall be pivot master type.
2.14 NOZZLE SIZE
2.14.1 Minimum nozzle size = 40 NB
Minimum nozzle size for clad vessels / columns = 80 NB
Safety valve nozzle = Based on I.D.
Self reinforced nozzle neck = Based on I.D.
2.14.2 Nozzles and manholes including self-reinforced type shall be “set in” type attached to
vessel with full penetration welds unless otherwise specified.
2.15 FLANGES
2.15.1 Nozzle flanges upto 600 NB shall be as be ASME / ANSI B16.5 and above 600 NB shall be
as per ASME / ANSI B 16.47 (SERIES ‘B’).
2.15.2 Nozzle flanges shall be welding neck flanges unless specified otherwise. Nozzles less than
50 NB shall be of long weld neck type.
2.15.3 Slip on flanges shall not be used in Lethal, Hydrogen, Amine, Caustic, severe cyclic
service, sour service, HIC (Hydrogen induced cracking) service and corrosive service
where corrosion allowance is more than 3 mm.
2.15.4 Girth flanges and intermediate body flanges shall be of weld neck type only.
2.15.5 Flange rating shall be established based on design pressure, design temperature and
considering all external loads (moments and axial force). Nozzle flanges 900# rating &
above shall also be designed as per ASME SEC. VIII DIV.1 appendix-2 considering design
pressure, design temperature and all external loads. Change in basic constructional
features of the flanges is not permitted.
2.15.6 For ratings ≥ 900 and for hydrogen service, flange face shall be RTJ

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2.16 INTERNALS
All removable internals shall be bolted type and bolting shall be SS type 304 unless
specified otherwise.
2.17 GASKETS
Service gaskets supplied shall not be used for hydro testing purpose. Gasket used for
hydro testing of equipment shall be of same specification as that of service gaskets for all
nozzles, manholes and body/girth flanges. Gasket seating face of flanges shall have finish
as per gasket specified.
2.18 PIPE DAVIT
All columns and Vertical vessels with internals & safety valve shall be provided with pipe
davit as per Jacobs standard. Weight of the valve or item to be handled shall be advised
for selection of configuration.
2.19 SPARES
Unless specified elsewhere in the enquiry documents, following shall be considered as

spares:
Gaskets: Four (4) sets for manholes, two (2) sets for other gasketted joint.
Fasteners: 10% (minimum 2 in each size)
Sight / Light glass: 4 sets for each installed glass.
Internals: (Valves for Trays, Bolts / Nuts, Clamp Assemblies)-10%, Sealing foils for
Cartridge Trays-200%
2.20 VENT / DRAIN / VENTILATION NOZZLE CONNECTIONS:
All vent and drain lines of light Hydrocarbons like MS, naphtha, LPG, propylene, and H2
shall be provided with double isolation valves with end flanges as per OISD. Dia11/2”NB
(40 NB) and above drain lines shall be provided with end flanges.
All vessels shall be provided with one number vent / drain connection as per following
unless otherwise specified in process data sheet.
Vessel Volume Length (Horizontal Vent nozzle Drain nozzle Ventilation

Vessel) nozzle
Less than 6.0 m3 - 40 NB 40 NB -
6.0 – 15.0 m3 - 50 NB 50 NB -
More than 15 m3 - 50 NB 80 NB -
- 3000mm – 4500mm - 100 NB

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- 4500mm – 7500mm - 150 NB
- ≥ 7500mm - 200 NB
All vertical vessels not having any nozzle on the top shall be provided with 50 NB nozzles
for conducting hydro test in vertical conditions.

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2.21 IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
2.21.1 All vessels and columns shall be designed considering design pressure; maximum
operating liquid head and any pressure drop within the vessels/columns.
2.21.2 All columns and vessels shall be capable of withstanding water full condition during system
testing.
2.21.3 Vessels and columns shall be hydro tested at shop at pressure calculated as per applicable
code in new and cold condition.
2.21.4 Seismic design shall be carried out based on design requirement for earthquake.
2.21.5 Equipment covered under the purview of IBR (Indian Boiler Regulations) shall be designed
as per IBR regulations. However, design of components not covered in IBR Regulations
shall be designed in accordance with ASME SEC. VIII Div-1 by multiplying the allowable
stress at design temperature by 0.8667 (1.3/1.5 which is the ratio of minimum multiplying
factor for hydro test for ASME sec VIII div-1 and IBR). This way the equipment can be safely
tested to meet ASME as well as IBR requirements.
2.21.6 Detail stress analysis, local load analysis for loads due to piping and supported equipment
etc. shall be carried out for all equipment. Critical equipment shall be analysed by using
finite element analysis methods (FEM) as defined in job specifications & reports shall be
submitted for Jacobs review.
2.21.7 All nozzle necks, all nozzle flanges and blind flanges shall be of weld overlay construction
for clad equipment. Loose liners on nozzle necks and blind flanges are not permitted.
2.21.8 All vertical vessels and columns shall be provided with 2 lifting lugs/Lifting trunions. Lifting
lugs shall be designed with impact factor of two.
2.21.9 Mechanical design of self supporting Tall columns / tower shall be carried out for various
load combinations as per Clause 3.2
2.21.10 Material of various parts of equipment shall be selected as per table given in TABLE– 3
unless otherwise stated on process data sheets. In case the suggested basic material
system for equipment does not meet the temperature applicability requirement, it shall be
brought to the notice of Jacobs and clarification obtained at enquiry stage itself.
2.21.11 Local Stress analysis shall be carried out for nozzle to shell junction using maximum shear
stress theory for vessels and columns. Allowable stress intensity shall be as per ASME
SEC. VIII Div. 2 and non-destructive examinations shall be carried out for shell to nozzle
junction as per ASME SEC. VIII Div. 2.
2.21.12 Stress analysis of shell to skirt junction shall be carried out using maximum shear stress
theory for vessels and columns designed as per ASME Sec. VIII Div. 2. In case skirt shell
joint is of butt-welded construction, the same shall be 100% radiographed.

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2.21.13 All vessel, columns and tanks shall be provided with earthing bosses as per Jacobs
standard. Body flanges of equipment shall have provision to provide jumpers for
earthing.
2.21.14 Permanent fixed ladders shall be provided inside the skirt of columns/vertical vessels for
inspection of dome / dished end.
2.21.15 ODC / Very heavy equipment shall require special considerations for handling,
transportation and erection by Contractor.
2.21.16 All equipment shall be painted as per Jacobs painting specification.
2.21.17 All equipment requiring insulation shall be provided with insulation support rings /cleats
as per Jacobs specifications.
3.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
3.1 LPG STORAGE SPHERES
3.1.1 The design pressure shall be established based on the composition and vapor pressure
2
of LPG at design temperature, but in no case it shall be less than 14.50 kg/cm .g at the
top of the sphere.
3.1.2 Selection of material of construction for various LPG storage applications shall be as per
following:
i. For refinery and gas processing plants: SA-516 Gr. 60
ii. For design temperature lower than minus 40 deg. C and thickness over 50mm:
SA-537 Cl.1
3.1.3 All LPG spheres shall be post weld heat treated irrespective of storage application and
adopted shell thickness.
3.2 TALL COLUMNS
Mechanical design of self-supporting column and its anchorage block shall be carried
out considering combination of various loads.
3.2.1 Loadings:
The loadings to be considered in designing a self supporting column / tower shall

include:
a. Internal and or external design pressure specified on process data sheets.
b. Self weight of column inclusive of piping, platforms, ladders, manholes, nozzles,

trays, welded and removable attachments, insulation and operating liquid etc. The
weight of attachments to be considered shall be as per Table–1
c. Other loadings as specified in UG-22 of ASME SEC. VIII Div. 1 wherever

applicable

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Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
d. Seismic forces and moments shall be computed in accordance with design

requirement for earthquake. Unless otherwise specified importance factor and
damping coefficient shall be considered as 2 and 2% respectively.
e. Basic wind pressure and wind velocity (including that due to winds of short duration
as in squalls) for the computation of forces / moments and dynamic analysis
respectively shall be in accordance with site data for the project (Refer Clause 2.8
above). Additional wind loading on column due to external attachments like
platforms, ladders, piping and attached equipment should be given due
consideration.
Loadings resulting in localised and gross stresses due to attachment or mounting of

reflux / reboiler, condenser etc
3.2.2. Loading condition
Analysis shall be carried out for following conditions:
(a) Erection condition: Column (uncorroded) erected on foundation without insulation,

platforms, trays, removable internals etc., but with welded
attachments plus full wind on column.
(b) Operating condition: Column in (corroded condition) under design pressure,

including welded items, trays, removable internals, piping,
platforms, ladder, reboiler mounted on column, insulation and
operating liquid etc., plus full wind on insulated column with all
other projections open to wind or earthquake forces.
(c) Test conditions Column (in corroded condition) under test pressure, filled with
water plus 33% of specified wind load on uninsulated column
including all attachments shall be considered.
Earthquake and wind shall be considered not acting concurrently.
3.2.3 Deflection of column:
Maximum allowable deflection at top of column shall be equal to total height (including
skirt height) of the column divided by 200 but shall not exceed 300 mm in any case.
3.2.3.1 If the deflection of column exceeds the above allowable limit, the thickness of skirt shall
be increased as first trial upto a maximum value equal to the column thickness and this
exercise shall be stopped if the deflection falls within allowable limit.
3.2.3.2 If the above step is inadequate, skirt shall be gradually flared to reduce the deflection.
Flaring of skirt shall be stopped if the deflection falls within limits or half angle of
cone reaches maximum limit of 9°°.
3.2.3.3 If the above two steps prove inadequate in limiting the deflection within allowable limits,
the thickness of shell courses shall be increased one by one starting from bottom course
above skirt and proceeding upwards till the deflection falls within allowable limits.

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
3.2.3.4 For tall equipment fabricated from stainless steels and other exotic materials, it shall be
examined if an external guide will be helpful in controlling the required thickness such that
the equipment along with its guide structure cost is economical than a free standing
design
3.4 Stress Limits
The stresses due to design pressure, weights, wind/seismic loads shall be combined
using maximum principal stress theory for ASME SECTION VIII Div.1. Thickness is
accordingly chosen to keep the stresses within limits as per Table-2.
3.2.5 Skirt support base
Base supporting including base plate, anchor chairs, compression ring, foundation bolting
etc., shall be designed based on over-turning moment (greater of seismic or wind).
Minimum size of anchor bolts shall be M24.
A minimum number of 8 foundation bolts shall be provided. Numbers of foundation bolts

shall be in multiple of four. Skirt thickness shall also be checked to anchor chair reaction
forces. Anchor bolts shall be so spaced that there is no interference between fixing
arrangement, Anchor bolt sleeves and tailing lug etc.
SA 193 materials shall not be used for anchor bolts. In general anchor bolts made from
SA 36 / IS 2062 Gr B shall be considered
3.2.6 Hydro test pressure
Hydro test pressure shall be equal to 1.3 x design pressure x temperature correction
factor as specified in ASME SEC. VIII DIV.1 (Clause UG-99) at top of column unless
specified otherwise.
If column is tested in horizontal position, hydro test pressure shall be increased in order
to take the effect of water head .After taking precautions as suggested in para 2.21.5, an
IBR equipment may be tested to meet IBR’s hydrostatic test requirements.
3.2.7 Dynamic analysis of column / Tower
Dynamic analysis of each column shall be carried out for stability under transverse wind
induced vibrations as per standard design practice and calculations for each column shall
be submitted to Jacobs for approval. The recommended magnification factor for unlined
towers / column shall be taken as 70 and allowable dynamic amplitude shall be limited to
tower diameter divided by 5.
3.3 STORAGE TANKS
3.3.1 Tank shell thickness calculation shall be carried out by the one - foot method as per API
650 for tank diameters less than and equal to 60m (200 feet).
3.3.2 Maximum height of un-stiffened shell shall be calculated based on the corroded thickness
of shell courses. Section modulus of wind girders shall also based on corroded thickness
of shell courses.

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
3.3.3 Shell thickness shall be calculated considering product liquid/water level up to top curb
angle for all tanks including floating roof tanks.
3.3.4 Seismic design as per API-650 (appendix-E) is mandatory for all storage tanks.
3.3.5 Annular bottom plates shall be provided for all storage tanks ≥ 12.0 m diameter.
3.3.6 All small tanks ≤ 10.0 m diameter shall be provided with anchor bolts to prevent uplift due
to wind.
0
3.3.7 Tanks having design temperature more than 100 C shall have thermal isolation barrier
(Suitable insulating fire bricks) between tank bottom and foundation.
3.5 CRYOGENIC VESSELS & TANKS
3.5.1 Apart from metallurgical suitability for equipment and its supporting structures , following
special considerations are required:
3.5.1.1 Expansion & contraction of the equipment affecting foundation design and piping
3.5.1.2 For cryogenic tanks, bottom insulation using foam glass requires special consideration.
3.5.1.3 Insulation of complete storage system requires special consideration from the point of
heat ingress from various sources affecting the selection of refrigeration system and tank
safety system settings.
3.5.1.4 Bare surface of cryogenic equipment is a safety hazard and should be given special
consideration
3.6 HYDROGEN BULLETS
3.6.1 Hydrogen bullets shall be designed as ASME Sec VIII div.1. However, all fabrication and
inspection requirements shall as per ASME Sec. VIII div.2.

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
TABLE – 1
DETAILS AND WEIGHT OF COLUMN ATTACHMENTS
1. Minimum Shape factor for shell (for wind load : 0.7

calculations) (Also refer para 2.8.1.1 for column
design)
2
2. Weight of trays (with liquid) to be considered : 120 kg / m
3. Weight of plain ladder : 15 kg / m
4. Weight of caged ladder : 35 kg / m
5. Equivalent projection to be considered for wind : 300 mm

load on caged ladder.
6. Distance of platform below each manhole : Approx. 1000 mm
7. Maximum distance between consecutive platforms : 5000 mm
8. Projection of platform : 900 mm up to 1.0 m dia. Column and

1.2 m for column dia.>1m from column
insulation surface
9. Equivalent height of platform (for wind load : 1000 mm.

computation)
2
10. Weight of platforms : 100 kg/m
11. Platform shall be considered all around.

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
TABLE-2
ALLOWABLE STRESS FOR COMBINED LOADING
Vessel condition / temperature – type of Conditions

stresses
Erection Operating Test
New or corroded New Corroded Corroded
Temperature Ambient Design Ambient
Longitudinal KxSxE KxSxE 0.90 x Y.P. x E
Longitudinal compressive stress KxB KxB B
Where
S = Basic allowable tensile stress as per Clause UG 23(a) of ASME SEC.VIII Div.1
B = ‘B’ value calculated as per clause UG-23 (b)
E = Weld joint efficiency of circumferential weld, depending on extent of radiography
K = Factor for increasing basic allowable value when wind or seismic load is present
Y.P. = Yield point stress
Note: Allowable stresses in skirt to shell joint shall be as per following:
0.49S, if joint is shear type.
0.70S, if joint is compression type.

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
TABLE- 3 MATERIAL SELECTION CHART
The following table gives general guidelines for material selection chart for various pressure parts /
non pressure parts of the equipment:
Design Plate Pipe (See Forging Bolts / Structural Internal Studs /
0
Temp. C note 8) Studs / attachment pipes Bolts /
Nuts welded to Nuts
External pressure parts Internal
CRYOGENIC
From – SA240 SA312 SA182, Gr. SA320, Gr.B8, 8C, 8T strain
254 up to Gr.304L, Type 304 F 304, 304L hardened
–195 304, 316, 304L, 316, 347, SA 194 Gr.8 ,8C,8T
316L, 347 316, 316L
(impact 316L, 347
tested)
Above SA240, SA312, SA182 Gr.F SA320, Gr.B8, 8C, 8T strain Same as pressure parts
–195 up Gr.304L, Type 304, 304 F304L, hardened
to –80 304, 316, 304L, F316L SA194 Gr.8, 8C, 8T
316L, 321, 316,
347. 316L,
321, 347.
SA 353, SA522
553, Gr.A SA333,
Gr.8
LOW TEMPERATURE
Above – SA203 Gr.E SA 333 SA 350 SA 320 L7 SA 203 Gr.E SA333 SA193 Gr.B8
80 impact Gr.3, 4 Gr. LF3 SA 194 Gr.3 , 4 SA194 Gr.8
Up to – tested (see Gr.4 or Gr.7
60 note-1)
Above – SA537 Cl.1 SA333 SA350 SA320 L7 SA537 Cl.1 SA333 SA193, Gr.B8,
60 impact Gr.3 Gr.LF3 SA194 Gr.4 Gr.3 SA194 Gr.8
Up to – tested (see Or GR 7
45 note-1)
Above-45 SA516 (All SA333 SA350 SA320 Gr.L7 SA516 (in all SA333 SA193, Gr.B8,
upto –29 grades) Gr.6 or Gr.LF2 SA194 Gr.4 grades) Gr.6 , 1 SA194 Gr.8
impact Gr.1 or Gr.7
tested (see
note-1)
Above SA516 (all SA106, SA105 / SA193 SA516 (in all SA106, SA-193, Gr.B8,
-29 upto grades) Gr.B (see SA266 (see Gr.B7 grades) Gr.B SA194, Gr.8
0 (See note 3) note 3) note 3) SA194
Gr.2H

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
Design Plate Pipe (See Forging Bolts / Structural Internal Studs /

Temp. note 8) Studs / attachment pipes Bolts /
0
C Nuts welded to Nuts
External pressure parts Internal
INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE
Above 0 SA516 SA106 Gr.B SA105 SA193 B7 IS2062 (plates) SA106 Gr.B SA193
Upto (all grades) SA266 SA194 Gr.2H Gr.B8
343 SA194,Gr.
SA193 B7 Same as Same as 4
SA240 SA312 SA182 F SA194 Gr.2H Pressure parts Pressure
type 304L, TP304L, 304L, 316L, parts SA193,
316L, 321 316L, 321, 321 Gr.B8,
(see note A376 SA194
4) TP321 Gr.8
Above SA387 SA335, SA182 SA193 Gr.B7 Same as Same as SA193
343 Gr.11 Cl.1 / Gr.P11 Gr.F11 SA194 Gr.4 Pressure parts Pressure Gr.B8
upto Cl.2 parts SA194
427 SA-193, B7 Gr.8
SA240 SA312 type SA182F SA194 Gr.4 Same as
type 304L, 304L, 316L, 304L, 316L Pressure parts Same as
316L, 321 321,SA 376 321 Pressure SA193
(see note Type 321 parts Gr.B8
4) SA-194
Gr.8
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
Above SA387 SA335 P11 SA182 SA193 Gr.B16 Same as Same as SA193
427 Up Gr.11, Cl.1/ SA335 P12 Gr.F11, SA194 Gr.4 Pressure parts Pressure Gr.B8.
to 538 Cl.2, SA182 parts SA194
SA387 Gr.F12 Gr.8
Gr.12, Cl.1/
Cl.2
Above SA240 SA312, SA182 F SA193 Same as Same as SA193

427 type 304, SA376 type 304, 316, 321 Gr.B16 Pressure parts Pressure Gr.B8.
Upto 316, 321, 304, 316, SA194 Gr.4 parts SA194
500 (See note 321 Gr.8
4).
Above SA387 SA335 P22 SA182 SA193 Gr.B5,

538 Gr.22 Cl.1/ Gr.F22, SA194 Gr.3
Upto Cl.2 SA387 SA336 Same as pressure parts
593 Gr.21, Cl.1/ Gr.F22
Cl.2
Above SA240, SA312/ SA182 Grs. SA193, Gr.B8

500 Gr.304H, SA376 304H, 316H, SA194, Gr.8
Upto 316H, Type 304H, 321H (strain Same as pressure parts
815 321H 316H, hardened)
321H

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
NOTES
1. Pressure vessel steel plates are purchased to the requirement of the standard ASME SA-20
which requires testing of individual plates for low temperature service. Carbon steel material
is ordered to meet the impact requirements of supplement S5, of standard ASME SA 20.
Typical material specification is as follows. SA516 Gr.60 normalised to meet impact
o
requirements per supplement S5 of SA 20 AT -50 F.
2. All permanent attachments welded directly to 9% nickel steel should be of the same material
or of an austentic stainless steel type which can not be hardened by heat treatment.
3. Check for impact testing requirement as per UCS-66 for coincident temperature and part
thickness.
4. Selection of stainless steel material shall be based on process recommendation / process

licensor.
5. This table is not applicable for atmospheric / low pressure storage tanks. Materials shall be
selected as per API 650 / API 620 as applicable.
6. Materials for caustic service, sour service, or sour service + HIC shall be selected based on
specific recommendation of process licensor & considering chemical composition, hardness,
vacuum degassing requirements & heat treatment requirements.
7. Material for pressure vessels designed according to ASME SEC VIII DIV. 2 shall be given
special consideration as per code.
8. All pipes shall be of seamless construction.
9. Non-ferrous material and super alloys are not covered above and shall be selected based on
specific recommendation.
10. Material for vessel / column skirt shall be the same material as of vessel / column shell for
upper part with a minimum of 1000mm.
11. Materials used for IBR equipment shall meet all requirements of Indian Boiler Regulations.
All licensor requirements shall be complied with. However, in case of any

contradiction same to be resolved in consultation with the Owner/Jacobs
12. REACTORS
(a) The design shall be done based on process licensors specifications.
(b) Material selection shall be strictly as per licensors specification.
(c) Minimum thickness shall be strictly be as per Licensors specification
(d) MDR and UDS as per ASME code shall be obtained by the fabricator.
(e) FEM analysis shall be done for all process nozzles, shell to head junction Y shaped
skirt, welded/weld overlayed support rings and any other stressed point as defined in

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
licensors specification
(f) All internals shall have minimum thickness as given in process licensors specification
and shall be designed for loads defined in licensors drawings.
(g) Thermal analysis for HOT box shall be conducted.
(h) Reactors as well as internals shall be fabricated by process Licensors approved

vendors, HPCL/Jacobs approved vendors.
(i) Lifting arrangement shall be as defined by process Licensors drawings.
(j) Floating type insulation support shall generally be provided.
(k) Reactor to be designed for minimum 25 years of life..

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
TABLE 4 : NOZZLE LOADING DATA FOR NOZZLES ON CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

(For high pressure vessels refer Doc. No. 44LK5100-00-V.02-0113-A4 Nozzle loadings on HP vessels)
NOZZLE FORCES FLANGE RATING

SIZE AND
NB MOMENTS 150# 300# 600# 900# 1500# 2500#
1” FA (kg) 120 140 160 180 200 220
FL (kg) 120 140 160 180 200 220
FT (kg) 90 10.5 120 135 150 165
ML (kg.m) 7.8 9.1 10.5 11.7 13 14.5
MT (kg.m) 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5
MC (kg.m) 6 7.5 8 9 10 10
1½” FA (kg) 180 210 240 270 300 330

FL (kg) 180 210 240 270 300 330
FT (kg) 135 158 180 203 225 248
ML (kg.m) 17.5 20.5 23 26 29 32
MT (kg.m) 20 24 27 30 34 37
MC (kg.m) 13.5 16 18 20 23 25
2” FA (kg) 240 280 320 360 400 440

FL (kg) 240 280 320 360 400 440
FT (kg) 180 210 240 270 300 330
ML (kg.m) 31 37 42 47 52 57
MT (kg.m) 36 42 48 54 60 66
MC (kg.m) 24 28 32 36 40 44
3” FA (kg) 360 420 480 540 600 660

FL (kg) 360 420 480 540 600 660
FT (kg) 270 315 360 405 450 495
ML (kg.m) 70 82 94 106 117 129
MT (kg.m) 81 95 108 122 135 148
MC (kg.m) 54 63 72 81 90 99
4” FA (kg) 480 560 640 720 800 880

FL (kg) 480 560 640 720 800 880
FT (kg) 360 420 480 540 600 660
ML (kg.m) 125 146 167 187 208 229
MT (kg.m) 144 168 192 216 240 264
MC (kg.m) 96 112 128 144 160 176
6” FA (kg) 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320

FL (kg) 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320
FT (kg) 540 630 720 810 900 990
ML (kg.m) 281 328 375 421 468 515
MT (kg.m) 324 378 432 486 540 594
MC (kg.m) 216 252 288 324 360 396

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
8” FA (kg) 960 1120 1280 1440 1600 1760

FL (kg) 960 1120 1280 1440 1600 1760
FT (kg) 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320
ML (kg.m) 499 583 665 749 832 915
MT (kg.m) 576 672 768 864 960 1056
MC (kg.m) 384 448 512 576 640 704
10” FA (kg) 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

FL (kg) 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
FT (kg) 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
ML (kg.m) 780 910 1040 1170 1300 1430
MT (kg.m) 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650
MC (kg.m) 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
12” FA (kg) 1440 1680 1920 2160 2400 2640

FL (kg) 1440 1680 1920 2160 2400 2640
FT (kg) 1080 1260 1440 1620 1800 1980
ML (kg.m) 1123 1310 1498 1685 1872 2060
MT (kg.m) 1296 1512 1728 1944 2160 2376
MC (kg.m) 864 1008 1152 1296 1440 1584
14” FA (kg) 1680 1960 2240 2520 2800 3080

FL (kg) 1680 1960 2240 2520 2800 3080
FT (kg) 1260 1470 1680 1890 2100 2310
ML (kg.m) 1530 1784 2038 2293 2548 2803
MT (kg.m) 1764 2058 2352 2646 2940 3235
MC (kg.m) 1176 1372 1568 1764 1960 2156
16” FA (kg) 1920 2240 2560 2880 3200 3520

FL (kg) 1920 2240 2560 2880 3200 3520
FT (kg) 1440 1680 1920 2160 2400 2640
ML (kg.m) 1997 2330 2663 2995 3328 3660
MT (kg.m) 2304 2688 3072 3456 3840 4224
MC (kg.m) 1536 1792 2048 2304 2560 2816
18” FA (kg) 2160 2520 2880 3240 3600 3960

FL (kg) 2160 2520 2880 3240 3600 3960
FT (kg) 1620 1890 2160 2430 2700 2970
ML (kg.m) 2527 2949 3370 3791 4212 4633
MT (kg.m) 2916 3402 3888 4374 4860 5346
MC (kg.m) 1944 2268 2592 2196 3240 3564

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
20” FA (kg) 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4400

FL (kg) 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4400
FT (kg) 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300
ML (kg.m) 3120 3640 4160 4680 5200 5720
MT (kg.m) 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000 6600
MC (kg.m) 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4400
22” FA (kg) 2640 3080 3520 3960 4400 4840

FL (kg) 2640 3080 3520 3960 4400 4840
FT (kg) 1980 2310 2640 2970 3300 3630
ML (kg.m) 3775 4405 5034 5663 6292 6921
MT (kg.m) 4356 5082 5808 6534 7260 7986
MC (kg.m) 2904 3388 3872 4356 4840 5324
24” FA (kg) 2880 3360 3840 4320 4800 5280

FL (kg) 2800 3360 3840 4320 4800 5280
FT (kg) 2160 2520 2880 3240 3600 3960
ML (kg.m) 4493 5242 5991 6739 7488 8237
MT (kg.m) 5184 6048 6912 7776 8640 9504
MC (kg.m) 3546 4032 4608 5184 5760 6336
26” FA (kg) 3120 3640 4160 4680 5200 5720

FL (kg) 3120 3640 4160 4680 5200 5720
FT (kg) 2340 2730 3120 3510 3900 4290
ML (kg.m) 5273 6152 7031 7909 8788 9667
MT (kg.m) 6084 7098 8112 9126 10140 11154
MC (kg.m) 4056 4732 5408 6084 6760 7436
28” FA (kg) 3360 3920 4480 5040 5600 6160

FL (kg) 3360 3920 4480 5040 5600 6160
FT (kg) 2520 2940 3360 3780 4200 4620
ML (kg.m) 6115 7135 8154 9173 10192 11211
MT (kg.m) 7056 8232 9408 10584 11760 12936
MC (kg.m) 4704 5488 6272 7056 7840 8624
30” FA (kg) 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000 6600

FL (kg) 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000 6600
FT (kg) 2700 3150 3600 4050 4500 4950
ML (kg.m) 7020 8190 9360 10530 11700 12870
MT (kg.m) 8100 9450 10800 12150 13500 14850
MC (kg.m) 5400 6300 7200 8100 9000 9900

Jacobs
Doc. No. 44LK5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008
NOZZLE LOADING OF CYLINDRICAL, DISHED / FORMED END
Y
FA
FY=FA
MT
Z X
ML MC
FZ=FT FX=FL
FT FL
CYLINDRICAL ENDS
FA
MB
Y MT
Z X
FR = RESULTANT
DISHED / FORMED ENDS
(NOTE: LOADS INDICATED IN THE TABLES TO BE CHECKED FOR BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
CONDITIONS)

B.4.2 - General Spec For Pressure Vessels

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Page 1 of 30

HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD.

DIESEL HYDROTREATER PROJECT

TITLE: GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR PRESSURE VESSELS

DOCUMENT NO. : 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4

0 18.08.2008 30 Issued as general specification SNK CR HSC

1.0 CODES & STANDARDS

1.0 CODES & STANDARDS

ASME SEC. VIII DIV. 1 For Pressure Vessels

ASME SEC. VIII DIV. 2 Mounded Vessels /Bullets/Horton spheres

ASME SEC.V For non-destructive testing

ASME SEC. II Part A, B, C, D For material specification & allowable stresses

ASTM/ IS For material specification for Tanks

ASME Sec. IX For welding

ASME B 16.5 For flanges

ASME B 16.47 For large diameter flanges

ASME B 16.20 / For gaskets

ANSI B1.1/IS 4218 For bolting specification

ASME B 16.28 For elbows & return bends

API 650 For Storage Tanks

API 620 For Low Pressure Storage Tanks

IS : 6533 For steel vent stacks etc

IS: 875/ Site Data For wind load consideration

IS : 1893/ Site Data For seismic design consideration

B.4.2_General Spec for Pressure vessels

44LK-5100 PRESSURE VESSELS Rev.0

Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008

IBR For steam producing, steam storage, catch water vessels,

SMPV Static and mobile pressure vessel(unfired) rules, 1981

1.2 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS

1.3 INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS

NACE RP 0472 Methods & controls to prevent in service cracking of CS welds in P1

WRC Bulletin # 368 Stresses in intersecting Cylindrical Shells subject to pressure

B.4.2_General Spec for Pressure vessels

2.0 DESIGN BASIS – GENERAL

2.1 SIZING OF EQUIPMENT

2.2 SHELL/HEAD THICKNESS

Corrosion allowance shall be added to minimum thickness as specified. Above formula is

2.3 VESSEL END CLOSURES

2.3.3 For atmospheric vessels, flat covers may be used.

B.4.2_General Spec for Pressure vessels

Vessel capacity Size of vent (NB)

2.4 DESIGN PRESSURE

B.4.2_General Spec for Pressure vessels

2.4.1 When operating pressure is up to and including 70 kg/cm2 g

2.5 DESIGN TEMPERATURE

Design temperature = lowest operating temperature.

B.4.2_General Spec for Pressure vessels

2.6 HYDRO TEST PRESSURE

2.6.6 Coils shall be hydro tested to code test pressure separately.

2.6.8 Storage tanks shall be tested as per applicable code.

2.7 CORROSION ALLOWANCE

B.4.2_General Spec for Pressure vessels

44LK-5100 PRESSURE VESSELS Rev.0

Doc. No. 44LK-5100-00-V.02-0101-A4 Date: 18.08.2008

2.7.8 Spheres/mounded bullets shall have 1.5 mm corrosion allowance.

2.7.9 Cladding or lining thickness shall not be included in strength calculations.

2.8 WIND LOADING CONSIDERATION

2.8.1.1 Probability Factor K1

Wind load (kg) F = C x Ae x Pd

B.4.2_General Spec for Pressure vessels

C = Shape factor for cylinders Refer to Table D-2 (Table 23 IS 875)

2.9 Requirements for Earthquake Design