Huawei Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology White Paper

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi
Technology Whitepaper
Issue 1.1
Date 2017-04-10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper
WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper

Keywords:
Distributed, central AP, RU, AC
Abstract:
The agile distributed Wi-Fi makes innovation on the traditional AC + AP architecture. It
introduces the new idea of central AP and reallocates functions of the traditional AC and AP
to the AC, central AP, and remote radio units (RUs). This document describes what is agile
distributed Wi-Fi and how is it implemented.
Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronyms and Abbreviations Full Name
AP Access Point
AC Access Controller
RU Remote Unit
NAC Network Access Control
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
AAA Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
VAP Virtual Access Point
SMB Small to Medium-sized Business
CAPWAP Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points
WIPS Wireless Intrusion Prevention System
Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper Contents
Contents
WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper .......................................................... ii

1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 1
2 Implementation ........................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Service Deployment ......................................................................................................... 4
2.2 AP Online Process in Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Architecture ..................................................................................... 6
2.3 Service Processing Optimization on the Agile Distributed Wi-Fi ............................................................................ 9
3 Customer Benefits .................................................................................................................. 11

4 Product Specifications ........................................................................................................... 13
5 Typical Application ............................................................................................................... 15
5.1 Venues with a High Density of Rooms ..................................................................................................................15
5.2 SMB ....................................................................................................................................................................16
5.3 Wireless Medical Service ......................................................................................................................................17
5.4 Campus ................................................................................................................................................................18
Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Agile distributed Wi-Fi architecture................................................................................................ 1

Figure 2-1 Typical networking diagram of the agile distributed Wi-Fi .............................................................. 3
Figure 2-2 Service model when the central AP functions as a Fit AP ................................................................ 4
Figure 2-3 Service model when the central AP functions as a Fat AP ............................................................... 5
Figure 2-4 AP online process .......................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2-5 Process of acquiring configurations for RUs ................................................................................... 7
Figure 2-6 Online process of RUs ................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2-7 STA online process in 802.1x authentication mode ......................................................................... 9
Figure 2-8 STA roaming on the same central AP............................................................................................. 11
Figure 2-9 Access control process ................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
Figure 2-10 Roaming decision process ............................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
Figure 2-11 Roaming control process .............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
Figure 5-1 Solution comparisons....................................................................................................................15

Figure 5-2 Agile distributed Wi-Fi networking ...............................................................................................16
Figure 5-3 Application of the agile distributed Wi-Fi in the wireless medical services .....................................17
Figure 5-4 Application of the agile distributed Wi-Fi in the wireless campuses................................................18
Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper 1 Background
1 Background
With the popularization of smart terminals and tablets, the demands for Wi-Fi networks are
increasing explosively. As predicated by related institutions, Wi-Fi data traffic will exceed the
wired data traffic by 2019. Explosive Wi-Fi growth brings increase in user access and
roaming requirements. In addition, diversified application scenarios pose various
requirements on Wi-Fi functions and performance. The traditional AC + AP architecture
somehow cannot meet requirements of these scenarios. Under the AC + AP architecture,
association and reassociation request packets of users are all sent to the AC for processing.
When a large number of users connect to the network or roam, it will be a heavy burden for
the AC to process packets of these users. The AC performance will become a bottleneck.
However, if these packets are processed locally on each AP, the APs will be heavily burdened
too. In scenarios with a high density of rooms, such as the school (student dormitories), hotel
(guest rooms), or hospital (wards), signals are usually led to each room through remote
antennas connected to the APs to ensure signal coverage in each room. However, the distance
between the antenna and AP is limited in this solution (a larger distance means larger signal
attenuation). Additionally, multiple rooms share one AP, causing performance bottleneck.
Figure 1-1 Agile distributed Wi-Fi architecture
Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper 1 Background
To cope with the challenges brought by the expanding network scale and frequent application
upgrades, Huawei launches the agile distributed Wi-Fi solution which is composed of the AC,
central AP, and RUs, as shown in the preceding figure. The agile distributed Wi-Fi solution
innovatively decomposes the traditional AP into two independent devices: the central AP and
RU, and redistributes the service module on the AC, central AP, and RU. Such innovative
architecture reduces the burden on the traditional AC and AP, improves the network
performance and large-scale networking capability, and solves the problems of limited
AP-antenna distance due to signal attenuation and performance bottleneck in radio sharing
among multiple rooms in scenarios with a high density of rooms, such as the school
(dormitories), hotel (guest rooms), and hospital (wards). In addition, the layered and modular
architecture creates infinite possibilities in feature innovation and continuous performance
improvement.

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper 2 Implementation
2 Implementation
The following figure shows the typical networking diagram of the agile distributed Wi-Fi.
Figure 2-1 Typical networking diagram of the agile distributed Wi-Fi
To ensure sufficient flexibility to adapt to different application scenarios, the central AP can
work as a Fat AP or Fit AP. When the central AP works in Fat AP mode, no AC is required.
The central AP completes networking by itself. The central AP can manage and configure
RUs, more applicable to Small to Medium-sized Business (SMB) with a few APs (in Fat AP
mode, the maximum number of RUs managed by the central AP depends on the model of the
central AP). In Fit AP mode, the central AP needs to complete networking with the AC, more
applicable to campuses with large-scale AP deployment.
The central AP does not provide radios regardless of whether it works in Fit AP or Fat AP
mode and needs to use RUs to receive and transmit radio signals. The RU is actually a remote
radio module separated from the traditional AP and can connect to the central AP directly
through the network cable or through a PoE switch. In both connection modes, a Layer 2
network must be deployed between the RU and central AP because the RU needs to discover
the central AP in broadcast mode.

2.1 Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Service Deployment

The agile distributed architecture is a three-layer architecture when the central AP works as a
Fit AP and a two-layer architecture when the central AP works as a Fat AP. The WLAN
service model is different in the two architectures.
1. The central AP works as a Fit AP (three-layer architecture).
The three-layer agile distributed Wi-Fi uses a network layer architecture different than
the traditional AC + AP Wi-Fi architecture and redistributes the service model on
network elements (NEs) of different layers. The following figure shows the service
model of each NE.
Figure 2-2 Service model when the central AP functions as a Fit AP
In this service model, functions of each NE are described as follows:

− RU
The RU is actually a remote radio module separated from the traditional AP,
responsible only for 802.11 packet processing. The RU communicates with the
central AP through the CAPWAP tunnel. Different RUs work independently and do
not need to share radio resources. They covert 802.11 packets received from air
interfaces into 802.3 packets and send them to the central AP for processing or covert
802.3 packets received from the central AP into 802.11 packets and send them from
air interfaces.
− Central AP
The central AP retains the AP functions (excluding the radio functions) in the
traditional AC + AP architecture and adds some AC functions, such as terminal
association control and switchover within the central AP. Moreover, the central AP is
responsible for RU management. The service forwarding function and
broadband-related functions, such as QoS and ACL are retained on the central AP.
The central AP communicates with the AC and RUs through CAPWAP tunnels.

− AC
Services related to WLAN components, such as AP management and user
management are deployed on the AC. When the AC serves as a service gateway,
NAC and DHCP can also be configured on the AC. In addition, service forwarding
functions are deployed on the AC.
In the three-layer architecture, the central AP plays a key role. On one hand, the central
AP helps the AC process some services and offloads service processing requirements of
the AC, reducing the burden on the AC. On the other hand, the forwarding, spectrum
analysis, and statistics collection functions are transferred to the central AP. The RU
therefore undertakes only the radio processing task, releasing some of the processing
capability. The central AP also manages the RUs. Although the network architecture is
composed of three layers, it can still be managed as a two-layer flat architecture. The
central AP provides a platform for collaboration between RUs, setting the stage for
innovation of advanced features. Generally, introduction of the central AP improves the
overall network capability (including the networking capability and innovation capability)
while does not increase management complexity.
2. The central AP works as a Fat AP (two-layer architecture).
When the central AP is a Fat AP, the agile distributed architecture is a two-layer
architecture, containing only the central AP and RU. The following figure shows the
service model.
Figure 2-3 Service model when the central AP functions as a Fat AP
The functions of each NE are described as follows:

− RU
The functions of RUs are the same as those of the RUs when the central AP works as
a Fit AP.
− Central AP
In addition to the functions of the Fit central AP, the Fat central AP provides the
functions of the AC. A Fat central AP is equal to a Fit central AP plus the AC.

The two-layer agile distributed Wi-Fi no longer depends on the AC. The Fat central AP
functions as an AC and implements self-networking and self-management. The central
AP can serve as a service gateway and provides users with related functions. The central
AP integrates switch ports and provides PoE capability. In addition, the central AP
reserves the capability for abundant service evolution.
The two-layer agile distributed Wi-Fi architecture is suitable for small office and home
office (SOHO), SMB, and multiple- branch networking scenarios.
2.2 AP Online Process in Agile Distributed Wi-Fi

Architecture
When the central AP works as a Fit AP, both the central AP and RU need to go online.
However, the central AP must go online before the RU because the RU needs to obtain
configuration from the central AP. When the central AP works as a Fat AP, only the RU needs
to go online.
1. Online process of the central AP
There is no difference between the online process of the central AP and that of the
traditional Fit AP. The AP online process is a standard process defined in the CAPWAP
protocol. Figure 2-4 shows the entire AP online process (DTLS encryption is optional
and therefore not provided in the following AP online process). This document does not
list every data exchange between the AP and AC in each phase of the online process. For
details, see the CAPWAP protocol.

Figure 2-4 AP online process
Since the RU acquires its configuration from the central AP, the central AP needs to
acquire both its configuration and configurations of its managed RUs from the AC.
Figure 2-5 shows how the RUs acquire configurations.
Figure 2-5 Process of acquiring configurations for RUs

(1) Based on each AP group, the AC maintains a list of central APs in the AP group.
When the central AP goes online, the AC delivers all AP-Group configurations used
by the central AP. When the RUs go online, the AC delivers specific configurations
of the RUs.
(2) Upon receiving the AP-Group and RU-specific configurations, the central AP saves
the configuration first and delivers RU-specific and AP-Group configurations to
RUs based on the AP groups to which the RUs belong.
2. Online process of RUs
Figure 2-6 Online process of RUs
The RU communicates with the central AP through the CAPWAP tunnel. After the RU
completes registration on the central AP, the central AP reports the RU information to the
AC. Figure 2-6 shows the online process of RUs, which can be simply described as
follows:
(1) The RU broadcasts Discovery Request packets to discover the central AP; therefore,
the RU and central AP must be connected through a Layer 2 network and apply for
IP addresses of the same network segment.
(2) After the central AP establishes a CAPWAP link with the RU and the central AP
reports RU information to the AC, the AC then implements MAC address or SN
authentication on the RU. The AC delivers the RU-specific configurations to the
central AP.
(3) The AC returns the authentication result to the central AP. If the authentication fails,
the central AP disconnects the RU. If the authentication succeeds, the central AP
further checks whether the RU version expires.
(4) If the RU version expires, the central AP starts the software upgrade process. After
the upgrade is complete, the RU restarts and reenters the central AP discovery
process. If the RU version does not expire, the RU obtains configuration from the
central AP.

The CAPWAP tunnel between the RU and central AP includes the control tunnel and
data tunnel. The control tunnel mainly carries control information, including the
configurations. The data tunnel mainly carries data information. The CAPWAP control
tunnel between the central AP and RU supports Datagram Transport Layer Security
(DTLS) PSK encryption. The PSK can be configured using commands on the AC or RU.
The DTLS PSK configured on the AC can be delivered to the central AP. The central AP
then allocates the DTLS PSK to each RU.
The preceding descriptions about the online process of RUs are based on the scenario
where the central AP is a Fit AP. Actually, when the central AP is a Fat AP, the online
process of RUs is the same, but the AC is not an independent device but a module in the
central AP.
2.3 Service Processing Optimization on the Agile

Distributed Wi-Fi
The central AP can undertake some tasks that are originally processed on the AC. This
architecture offloads service processing requirements on the AC and reduces the AC burden.
Services are distributed on different central APs, improving the processing capability of the
entire network and accelerating response to service requirements.
In V200R006C20, the services, such as association control and user roaming processed
originally on the AC are now processed on the central AP on the agile distributed Wi-Fi.
1. Association control
Figure 2-7 STA online process in 802.1x authentication mode
The association control here involves STA control during association (going online),
disassociation (going offline), and reassociation (roaming). Association is part of the

STA online process. Figure 2-7 shows the STA online process in 802.1x authentication
mode. As shown in the figure, the association request is processed on the central AP but
not sent to the AC for processing, and the central AP reports the processing result to the
AC. However, certain conditions must be met to enable the central AP to directly reply to
the association request. The following describes how to control STA association (going
online) on the agile distributed Wi-Fi based on the STA online process.
(1) The STA sends an Assoc request to the RU. The RU sends the request to the central
AP.
(2) The central AP searches the local user table for the user entry. If the user entry is
found, the central AP processes the Assoc request according to the roaming process.
If the user entry is not found, the central AP continuously processes the Assoc
request according to the online process.
(3) The central AP checks whether it can directly reply to the Assoc request. If neither
load balancing nor STA blacklist is configured, the central AP can directly reply to
the Assoc request. Otherwise, the central AP reports the Assoc request to the AC.
(4) In addition to basic information of the STA, the Assoc request message reported to
the AC carries the following information:
 Whether an Assoc response message is replied
 Whether key negotiation is completed
 Whether services are provisioned
 Duration from the time when the Assoc request is received to the current time
(5) After the central AP replies an Assoc response message, the AC implements
authentication on the STA and delivers PMK and authorization information to the
central AP. After receiving the delivered information, the central AP negotiates the
key with the STA to provision services.
(6) The AC periodically synchronizes user data with the central AP. The central AP can
report STA information received from multiple RUs to the AC at one time. The
reported STA information includes the RU that the STA currently associates with.
2. STA roaming
When the STA roams between RUs connected to the same central AP (at Layer 2 or
Layer 3), the roaming message is directly processed on the central AP but does not need
to be sent to the AC for processing. The central AP only needs to report the roaming
event.

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper 3 Customer Benefits
Figure 2-8 STA roaming on the same central AP
(1) The STA initiates an Assoc/Reassoc request. After receiving the request, the RU
sends it to the central AP.
(2) The central AP searches the local user table for the user entry. If the user entry is not
found, the central AP processes the Assoc/Reassoc request according to the online
process. If the user entry is found, the central AP continuously processes the
Assoc/Reassoc request according to the roaming process and verifies the SSID. If
802.1x authentication is configured, the PMK also needs to be verified. If the SSID
and PMK pass the verification, the STA is considered roaming within the same
central AP, and the central AP directly replies an Assoc/Reassoc response and
negotiates the unicast and multicast key information based on the PMK.
(3) The central AP reports the user roaming event to the AC. The reported message
carries the RU that the STA newly associates and basic information such as the
radio and VAP, as well as the duration from when the user roams to the current time.
3 Customer Benefits
1. Improved large-scale networking capability and wireless performance

The central AP used on the agile distributed Wi-Fi plays a key role. On one hand, the
central AP takes over some of the AC's services and offloads service processing

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper 3 Customer Benefits
requirements on the AC, reducing the burden on the AC. On the other hand, the functions
of traditional APs, such as data forwarding, spectrum analysis, and data collection are
migrated to the central AP. The RUs only process radio signals, which releases the
processing capability of the RUs. The agile distributed Wi-Fi solution improves the
large-scale networking capability and wireless performance. Take the concurrent
roaming processing capability of the WLAN network as an example. Suppose 80% of
the roaming events occur within the central AP, the WLAN using the traditional AC + Fit
AP architecture can process 120 roaming events per second, and the WLAN using the
AC + Central AP + RU architecture can process 400 roaming events per second. The
roaming processing capability increases by three times.
2. Reduced number of managed nodes and simplified management
The central AP manages RUs. Even if the network has a three-layer architecture, it is still
managed as a two-layer flat architecture. In this architecture, the AC only needs to
manage the central AP. The AD9430DN-24 can manage 24 RUs by default and 48 RUs
through a switch. The number of the managed nodes in the agile distributed Wi-Fi
architecture is less than 5% (1/24 = 4.17%) of the traditional architecture under which
the AC needs to manage all APs. The management complexity is greatly reduced.
3. Innovative solutions of various kinds
The modular, layered agile distributed architecture makes it possible to implement
various functions and features, which also creates favorable conditions for innovative
solutions.
In scenarios with a high density of rooms, such as the school (dormitories), hotel (guest
rooms), and hospital (wards), the RUs used in the agile distributed Wi-Fi can be directly
mounted to a wall plate, wall, or ceiling in rooms, ensuring full signal coverage without
attenuation. Since RUs are independent radio units, they do not need to share radios,
preventing hidden STA problems and performance deterioration of air interfaces. The
agile distributed Wi-Fi solution has coverage and capacity advantages over the indoor
settled, distributed, and smart distributed solutions. Compared with the wall plate
coverage solution, this solution manages a smaller number of nodes, requires fewer
licenses, and has a higher large-scale networking capability.
4. Abundant service evolution capabilities
The agile distributed Wi-Fi uses a modular and layered architecture. The central AP can
implement RU collaboration without manual intervention, providing support for
innovation of related features. The central AP also offloads some responsibilities of the
AC and RUs, saving the processing capabilities needed for feature innovation or
evolution.
The central AP also retains abundant service evolution capabilities, including
cloud-based management, deep packet inspection (DPI), firewall, VPN, and IoT module
management.

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper 4 Product Specifications
4 Product Specifications
Huawei has released two models of central APs and RUs for the agile distributed Wi-Fi
solution in V200R006C20. Currently, the other AP models do not support the agile distributed
Wi-Fi architecture. The AC models that support the agile distributed Wi-Fi architecture
include the ACU2, AC6605, AC6005, and AC6003.
1. Specifications of the central AP
Model AD9430DN-24 AD9430DN-12

Installation Equipment room and weak-current Equipment room, weak-current
scenarios well well, and corridor
Number of 24 (48 through switch expansion) 24 (24 through switch
managed RUs expansion)
Number of 4096 2048
managed users
Ports 4 x uplink combo ports 2 x uplink GE ports
24 x downlink GE ports 12 x downlink GE ports
Power supply AC DC, UPoE
Power supply 24 x R230Ds/R240Ds 12 x R230Ds or 6 x R240Ds
(output)

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper 4 Product Specifications
2. Specifications of RUs
Model R230D R240D

Wi-Fi standards 802.11b/g/n 802.11b/g/n
compliance
802.11a/n/ac 802.11a/n/ac
MIMO 2x2 2x2
Bandwidth 300 Mbit/s + 867 Mbit/s 300 Mbit/s + 867 Mbit/s
Antennas Built-in Built-in
Ports 1 x FE port 1 x uplink GE port
4 x downlink FE ports
2 x RJ11 port
Power supply PoE DC/PoE
Installation modes Wall mounting, ceiling Wall mounting, ceiling
mounting, wall plate mounting mounting, wall plate mounting
3. Specifications of the AC
Model AC6605 AC6005 AC6003-8 ACU2

Number of managed RUs 1024 256 48 2048
Number of the managed central APs 128 32 6 256

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper 5 Typical Application
5 Typical Application
The agile distributed Wi-Fi architecture is newly launched by Huawei. This architecture
features high networking capability, coverage performance, and evolution capability,
applicable to venues with a high density of rooms, as well as SMB, wireless medical service,
and campus scenarios.
5.1 Venues with a High Density of Rooms

To address coverage challenges in scenarios with a high density of rooms, such as the school
(dormitories), hotel (guest rooms), and hospital (wards), various solutions have been
developed, such as the settled coverage, distributed coverage, smart distributed coverage, and
wall plate coverage solutions. However, each solution has its own disadvantages.
Figure 5-1 Solution comparisons
Settled coverage Indoor distributed coverage
 Advantages:
 Advantages:
Large-power AP and high-specification indoor distributed components, wide coverage
Easy-to-deploy APs, low cabling and construction costs
range for each AP, comprehensive and even signal coverage
 Disadvantages:
Signal coverage based on existing feeder resources of carriers, reducing costs
The signal attenuation is large, and signal quality in rooms cannot be guaranteed.
 Disadvantages:
The signal attenuation is small on corridors, but there are severe interference between
High costs for building a new feeder system, high requirements on the customer's
APs. The overall performance is low.
engineering capability, difficult to implement
Single spatial stream with low bandwidth, low air interface performance due to radio
sharing and hidden STA problems
Smart distributed coverage Wall plate coverage
 Advantages:  Advantages:
Signals led into rooms through remote antennas, good signal coverage inside rooms Indoor deployment of wall plate APs, large capacity of air interfaces, optimal coverage
Lower costs than using the existing feeder system, easy to implement performance
 Disadvantages: Easy to install into 86-type boxes, low costs for scenarios deployed with cables indoors
Using a large number of feeders, higher costs than using digital lines, limited coverage  Disadvantages:
rooms due to feeder attenuation Higher cabling and construction costs than the smart distributed solution for scenarios
Low air interface performance due to radio sharing and hidden STA problems where new cables need to be deployed
Requiring a large number of APs and licenses, high requirements on the AC
processing capability, limited network scale

In the agile distributed Wi-Fi solution, RUs can be directly deployed indoors. They can be
mounted to a wall plate, wall, or ceiling in rooms, ensuring that signals are led into each room
without penetration loss. Since RUs are independent radio units, they do not need to share
radios, preventing hidden STA problems and performance deterioration of air interfaces. The
agile distributed Wi-Fi solution has coverage and capacity advantages over the indoor settled,
distributed, and smart distributed solutions. Compared with the wall plate coverage solution,
this solution manages a smaller number of nodes, requires fewer licenses, and has higher
large-scale networking capability.
5.2 SMB
SMBs are those enterprises with a small scale and limited personnel and capital. These
enterprises have a small network, do not have professional O&M personnel, and require
"all-in-one" devices (low costs).
Figure 5-2 Agile distributed Wi-Fi networking
Huawei's agile distributed Wi-Fi solution that uses the central AP working in Fat AP mode
meets the preceding requirements. Under this architecture, the networking does not depend on
independent ACs. The Fat central AP functions as the AC and supports self-networking and
self-management. The Fat central AP can serve as a service gateway to provide gateway
functions for users. The central AP supports switch ports and provides PoE capability. It also
retains abundant service evolution capabilities oriented at SMBs, including cloud-based
management, DPI, SVN, and firewall.

5.3 Wireless Medical Service

"Wireless medical service" has become one information technology and approach that attracts
the most attention in the medical industry. Currently, most tertiary hospitals have established
complete medical information systems such as the Health Information Systems (HIS) and
picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Medical personnel can modify and
enter patients' information, diagnosis reports, and treatment solutions through a wired network.
Because information points are fixed on the wired network, there are limitations in medical
information systems. Wi-Fi-based wireless medical service is therefore gaining wide
popularity.
Figure 5-3 Application of the agile distributed Wi-Fi in the wireless medical services

5.4 Campus
Figure 5-4 Application of the agile distributed Wi-Fi in the wireless campuses
The agile distributed Wi-Fi can also be used in common campus scenarios, which can
improve the large-scale networking capability and wireless performance. On one hand, the
central AP takes over some of the AC's services and offloads service processing requirements
on the AC, reducing the burden on the AC. On the other hand, the functions of traditional APs,
such as data forwarding, spectrum analysis, and data collection are migrated to the central AP.
The RUs only process radio signals, which releases the processing capability of the RUs. The
central AP can replace the access switch to provide PoE power and service forwarding
capability.


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WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper

Acronyms and abbreviations

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

WLAN Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Technology Whitepaper .......................................................... ii

3 Customer Benefits .................................................................................................................. 11

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

Figure 1-1 Agile distributed Wi-Fi architecture................................................................................................ 1

Figure 2-9 Access control process ................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

Figure 2-10 Roaming decision process ............................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。

Figure 2-11 Roaming control process .............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。

Figure 5-1 Solution comparisons....................................................................................................................15

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

Figure 1-1 Agile distributed Wi-Fi architecture

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

Figure 2-1 Typical networking diagram of the agile distributed Wi-Fi

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

2.1 Agile Distributed Wi-Fi Service Deployment

Figure 2-2 Service model when the central AP functions as a Fit AP

In this service model, functions of each NE are described as follows:

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

Figure 2-3 Service model when the central AP functions as a Fat AP

The functions of each NE are described as follows:

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 5

2.2 AP Online Process in Agile Distributed Wi-Fi

Issue 1.1 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 6

Figure 2-4 AP online process

Figure 2-5 Process of acquiring configurations for RUs

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Figure 2-6 Online process of RUs

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2.3 Service Processing Optimization on the Agile

Figure 2-7 STA online process in 802.1x authentication mode

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Figure 2-8 STA roaming on the same central AP

1. Improved large-scale networking capability and wireless performance

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Model AD9430DN-24 AD9430DN-12

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Model R230D R240D

Model AC6605 AC6005 AC6003-8 ACU2

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5.1 Venues with a High Density of Rooms

Figure 5-1 Solution comparisons

Settled coverage Indoor distributed coverage

Smart distributed coverage Wall plate coverage

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Figure 5-2 Agile distributed Wi-Fi networking

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5.3 Wireless Medical Service

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